: In this paper, the working of bidirectional inverter with buck/boost MPPT system for PV application is described.

Bidirectional inverter is essential for the power flow control between dc bus and ac grid. Also bidirectional inverter is
used for the regulation of dc bus voltage within certain range of voltage. Also , as the PV array voltage varies
according to the irradiation , cell temperature etc. MPPT is analysed using buck boost converter to extract maximum
available power from PV array. This also reduces the voltage stress on the inverter connected across it. The
comparison between the conventional method and the proposed method is also presented. Finally the simulation
results for the proposed method is presented.

The primary aims of the proposal are as follows:

India is struggling with the problem of providing access to energy services. In rural India, more than 44 per cent of
the households lack basic access to electricity. Rising demand for energy in the developing world has given rise to two main
challenges for the power sectorthe addition of new generation capacity and expansion of the current transmission and
distribution infrastructure. Decentralized generation has the potential to solve both these issues, particularly in remote areas.
Decentralized Distributed Generators are used to develop a mini-grid.
A Mini-grid is an isolated, low-voltage distribution grid, providing electricity to a community typically a
village or very small town. It is normally supplied by one source of electricity, e.g. diesel generators, a solar PV installation,
a micro-hydro station etc., or a combination of the above. Among various renewable energy resources solar is more attractive
being abundant, safe, free of cost and eco-friendly.
In solar based mini grid system, PV module converts the light energy into low DC voltage DC with relatively low
conversion efficiency. To convert low voltage DC source into suitable AC source, Inverters are used. Conventionally inverter
topologies such as voltage source inverter (VSI) and the current source inverter (CSI) are used, but these topologies have
limitations like, higher harmonic distortion, high dv/dt & di/dt stress across the semiconductor power switch, high power
losses due to high switching frequency, need of transformer to step up the voltage level.
This project aims to develop an efficient modular multilevel inverter based photo-voltaic mini grid system
which generates high quality AC voltage from the solar irradiation which can be used for rural electrification of
villages, street lights, water pumps for drinking water, and basic household electrification. Major advantages include
low investment for compact village, pollution free, and use of abundantly available resource, less maintenance
requirement etc.

The proposed modular multilevel inverter for mini grid offers advantages as:
Lower total harmonic distortion [THD], which will eliminate filtering requirements reducing the cost of the
system also reduces size of inverter-filter module.
Low dv/dt stress lowering the switch voltage and power rating, well suited for high power medium voltage
applications, overcome the need of transformers.
Reduced Total Harmonic Distortion, so quality of the supply is improved.
Reduction in THD decreases the losses, so efficiency of the system gets increased.
Less heating of the power electronic switches due to less switching loss, so failure rate of the converters gets
reduced.
During extension of power rating, only the submodules need to be added with the existing inverter. So, MMC
based solar power mini grid can be extended to High power grid with lesser cost.
Decrease in THD in output voltage also improves the performance of the motor, lights, water pumps connected
to the load side which in turn reduces power consumption.

Thus the proposed MMC based mini grid system has more advantages than conventional inverter based mini grid
in terms of quality, cost and future expansion.

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER CONVERSION USING MODULAR

MULTILEVEL CONVERTER
Single phase grid connected photovoltaic system using Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for power
conversion is presented in this paper. Designing efficient Photovoltaic systems heavily emphasizes to track the maximum
power operating point makes use of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique with MMC as interfacing unit into
the grid is used. Perturb & Observe (P&O) technique algorithm is implemented to regulate the DC link voltage of MMC and
to synchronize the grid utility voltage with the current to attain unity power factor operation. Operation of proposed MMC
topology is verified by the simulation results presented in this paper. The AC output is free from the higher order harmonics
and grid voltage and current are in phase. The validity of recommended system is verified by MATLAB simulation.
Keywords Modular multilevel converter (MMC), Photovoltaic (PV) array, MPPT, Grid, Total harmonic distortion(THD
 Modular Multilevel Inverter with
Buck/Boost MPPT System for grid
connected PV system
In this paper, the working of modular multilevel inverter with buck/boost
MPPT system for PV application is described. This aims to develop an
efficient modular multilevel inverter based photo-voltaic mini grid system
which generates high quality AC voltage from the solar irradiation.
Modular Multilevel Inverter have several attractive features such as a
modular structure, reducing the need of transformer, easy scalability, fault
tolerant operation, high redundancy etc. This paper presents matlab
simulation of 5 level modular multilevel inverter with different modulation
techniques to reduce total harmonic distortion.
Also, as the PV array voltage varies according to the irradiation, cell
temperature etc. MPPT is analysed using buck boost converter with
constant voltage algorithm is presented to extract maximum available
power from PV array. This also reduces the voltage stress on the inverter
connected across it. The comparison between the conventional method and
the proposed method is also presented. Finally the simulation results for the
proposed method is presented.