Water that exists on Earth, there is some freedom in nature, as part of the cons

titution of living beings.

1. 1. Explains the meaning of the phrase: "Without water, life on Earth would no
t be possible" 2. With the data of figure built a bar chart on the percentage of
water found in some living beings.
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Water Essence of Life
Man:
Brain - Bones 75% - 22% Kidneys - Blood 83% - 83% Muscles - 75%
In nature, water occupies two thirds of the earth's surface.
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH Of all water in the Earth's surface, only about 3
% is fresh and thus, a large proportion is ice.
Water on our planet can be found in three physical states.
Can be found in liquid water in oceans, lakes, rivers, occupying much of the lan
d surface.
70% of the land surface is occupied by water. 97.3% of that is salt water - Ocea
ns and Seas 2.7% is sweet
There is also underground, forming sheets of water, and atmosphere in the form o
f clouds.
The water in the solid state (2%) is the ice that is found mainly in polar ice a
nd icebergs and snow in high mountains.
Forecasting the Portuguese coast in 2100 as a result of coastal erosion and thaw
ing of ice caps.
The water that is in a gaseous atmosphere in the form of steam is produced large
ly by evaporation from rivers, seas, lakes and by transpiration from plants and
animals.
0.001 in the atmosphere
AVAILABILITY OF WATER RESOURCE FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
60 50 1970 2000
Cubic meters per person YEAR
40
30
20
10
0
NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA ASIA EUROPE CONTINENTAL
Source: PAHO / WHO, 1999
We begin our journey in the history of water by the time 3000 BC remote
At that time already got the usual fresh water from wells, using a bucket (altho
ugh most of the villages were situated near rivers).
Well
The winch and similar devices were used to speed the withdrawal of water from we
lls.
Winch - 2500 BC The trouble, which is still widely used in the Middle East, cons
ists of a wooden bucket that has a swivel at one end and a counterweight at the
other end.
An Egyptian wall painting shows a siphon to be used.
Siphon - 1550 BC
A Greek named damage is known as the father of a water pump very efficiently.
Water Pump - 1485 BC
Aristotle describes how you can get fresh water from salt water by distillation
(boiling and subsequent condensation). However, now more than 1400 years until t
he Moors brought the idea to Western Europe.
350a.C.
Figure: Laboratory equipment used for distillation (Sec. XX)
The first European cities began to build water supply systems. The first to be d
escribed, in 1550, was in Augsburg in Bavaria (Germany), in which wives were use
d that have triggered the Archimedes screws, which lifted the water up tall towe
rs, whence it was piped into the homes of consumers.
Archimedes' screw - 1500
In Marly, France, was made by completing a special hydraulic system. It was trig
gered by a series of wives giants, each developing a force of more than 100 hors
epower.
1682 Nora typical Algarve. (Saudação XIX - XX)
James Peacock demonstrated that water could be filtered letting it seep into a b
ed of sand.
1791 Sand Filter in Water Treatment Station. (Sec. XX)
Was excavated for the first time in England, Notting Hill, London, an artesian w
ell, by a man named Benjamin Vulliamy.
1784
Modern techniques and machinery used to perform 'holes' artesian. (Sec. XX)
Dr. John Snow made the first efficient approach of diseases caused by water. Abo
ut 500 people who lived nearby in an area of 200 meters along the Broad Street (
now Broadwick Street), Soho, London, died of cholera in ten days. Dr Snow (1854)
traced the infection on a hand pump, removed the crank and thus ended the sprea
d of disease. Thus people's attention focused on the purity of water.
Manual water pump. (Saudação XIX - XX)
Disinfection of a drinking water tap for sampling. (Sec. XX)
and so we got to the last episode of our brief history of water, where water was
first disinfected with chlorine in Polo, the Italian Adriatic coast, as a preca
ution against disease - 1896.
Deposits of Chlorine in Water Treatment Station. (Sec. XX)