of a C02 Huff'n'Puff.
(Davis T.L., Benso n R.D., Roche S.L. and Scuta M.S.; 1997 , Expanded
Abstracts, SPE Inter nat io nal Meeting)
Efrai n Mendez
Golden, ca.
December 3, 1998
EXECUTIVE SUMMARV
Oyoamic Rcservoir Characlerizalioo can be notably enhanced by the use of 40, 3C
scismolo gy. Afier a feasibility analysis, this technology can be applied to monitor fluid
front movements during field production and lO determine the variability, with ~ime,
in rock/fluid properties of the reservoir. rhe improved reservoir characterization will
increase the hydrocarbon recovery, reduc ing operaling costS with a resulting better
reservoir management. The end resull is ncreased reserves produced al a lower COSI.
CO NTENTS
,. ~
4 =::11:0~:c:~~~o::~:m:dso:;~~i;h:p;:::hre::i:::~U1P~:ai::n~~:r~:: :1:::
framework and some stratigraphic features ofthe reservoirs. Nowadays, new altcmalives
lA r~ - in the knowledge of reservoir rack and fluid properties come out by the combined use of
tn>f/... - three component (3C) seismic data, tha! is, by using compressional and shear waves,
acquired during 3D, 3C seismic surveys.
thut is, depcndenec of velocity on the dircclion of polarization. In a fractured medium, the
incident S wavc splits into two components, a fasl 81 and a slow S2 (Figu re 2). Thc
l. Arestad J.F., Davis T.L. and Benson R.O.; 1996, "Utilizing 3-D, 3-C Seisrnology for
RescIVoir Property Characterizalion al Joffre Field, Alberta, Canada". Applications of 3-D
Seisrnic Data to Exploralion and Production. Edited by Weirner P. and Davis T.L. AAPG
Studies in Geology, No. 42-5EG Geophysical Developrnents Scries, No. 5, p. l 7 l -178
2. Danborn S.H. and Dornenico S.N .; 1986, "Shear Wave Exploraton". Geophysical
Developrnenl Scrics, V.l, Sodety of Exploration Geophysicists.
3 Davis T.L., Denson R. D., Roche S.L., and Scuta M.S.; 1997, "Dynamic ReseIVoir
Characterizalon of a COl Huff' n' Puff, Central Vacuurn Unit, Lea County, New M exico~ .
Expandcd Abstracts, 1997 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Sociely of
PetroleumEngineers, lnc.
4. Duey R., 1997; "4D Seismic on Cuning Edge of ReseIVoir Monitoring Technology". Hart's
Show Special Edition, AAPG Annual Convcntion
5. Ehrorn D., Shcriff R. E. , 1992; " Anisotropy and ReseIVoir Development". Reservoir
Geophysics, Invesligations in Gcophysics No. 7. 50ciety ofExploralion Geophysicists
6. King G.; 1996, "4-D seisrnic improves reseIVoir rnanagement decisions. Parts I and 2",
World Oil, MaTCh and April1996
7. Hardage B.A.; 1996, "Combining P-Wave and S-Wave Seismic Dala to lmprove Prospect
Evalualion". Report oflnvesligations No. 237, Bureau ofEconornic Gcology, The University
ofTexas atAustin
8. Lurnley D.E., Behrens R.A. and Wang l .; 1997, "Assessing Ihe technical risk of a 4-D
seismic project". The Leading Edge, 16, p.1287- 1291
9. Mueller M.C.; 1992, "Using shear waves to predict laleral variability in vertical fracture
intensily". The Leading Edge, II,p.29-35
\O. Nestvold E.O.; 1996, "The impact of 3-D Se ismic Data on Exploration, Field Development,
and Production". Applicatio ns of 3-D Seismic Data 10 Exploration and Production. Edited by
Weimer P. and Davis T .L. AAPG Studies in Geology, No. 42-5EG Gcophysical
11 . Peeters M.; 1998, " From Pictures 10 Properties". Paper presente<! on the inauguration of the
... Baker Hughes Distinguished Chair of Petrophysics & Borehole Geophysics". Colorado
,....
SchoolofMines
12. Wang Z .; 1997, " Feasibility oftirne-Iapse scisrnic reseIVoir monitoring: The physical basis".
The LeadingEdge, 16,p. 1327-1 329
13. _~. 1997, 1998, "Reservoir Characterization Project, Phases VI and VII". Final
Reports. Colorado School ofMines
Efrain Me nde.:z
C I
I
L _ J
I
I
P-WAVE
,iL
o _____
I
,1
.J
Compreulon Teosion
S-WAVE
o
~------:
, ,
= __J
Clockwl,.
4.7
4.8
4.'
5 .0
51
5.2
5.3
5.4
4.7
4.8
4.'
5 .0
5. 1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Fig. 4. S) and 8 2 images across [he Austin Chalk. The 8 2 reflection is delayed
by about 50msec rclative lo S. reflection. Note the prominent amplitude
anomaly towards the middle. This represents a highly fractured zone 250m
wide. This efTect appears with consistent ampl itude on me S .. whereas on the
S2 section, the Austin Chalk shows laterally variant amplitudes (Mueller, 1992)
Fig. 5. Velocity ratio map VpfVs (computed from the SI and P datasets)
for Nisku carbonate reservoir interval, Joffre Field, Albena, Canada. Core
porosity contours overlap VpfVs. Blue and magenta colors show higher
VpfVs zones which strongly agree with the hi ghesl porosity values.
(Areslad, 1996)
Fig. 6. Location map of Vacuum Field. Lea County, New Mexico.
(Colorado School ofMines, 1998)
, ., 'H~f11!'11 1 1 '- ""~3' !It:'. - ="~-' ~~' ~ =:~ r;'-~ :-~! .A ~::_.
- ~
II - _.._ ..~:' ... :i;.;.;. ,-ir
'<.~"""" ~ ~
~
~.,
~ "~~
li r,]
......-.."-- -
,.___
-
"L.
J: 'I~IV''''''':;;;;J.
I
,!,:t
_ _
~'.: -
""-r
- : ..c. ..
..
(a) (e)
_n J..... -:::: .... ~,.., i r::.::-"~::'::'"",,:~ :: Fig. 7. lnline 69 (migrated sections). (a) P
wave from the initial and repeat surveys
f;~Ei~,J~+t:"~'~-.
(b)
Fig. 8. P wave amptude difference anomaes at the reservoir zone (percent difference of the RMS
amplitude) computed by subtracting the repeat survey values from the initial survey values .
(Colorado School of Mines, 1997)