37in 1 mm= 10 3m
2
1cm = 10 m = 0.0937in = 0.038ft 1 m= 10 6 m
1 (angstrom) = 1010m = 108cm 1 in = 2.54cm = 0.0254m
1ft = 30.48cm = 12 in = 0.3048 m 1yd = 0.91459841 m
1 mi = 1.609 km = 1609.34 m = 5280 ft
1 J = 1 kg 2 / 2 = 1 N m = 1 Pa 3
1 erg = 1 g 2 / 2 = 1 dina cm
1 J = 0.239 cal = 107 erg = 9.48x10 4 Btu = 9.87x10 3 Latm
1 kJ = 1000 J = 10 3 Pa 3 = 10 4 bar 3 = 239.01 cal =
0.94845 Btu = 737.562 lbf ft = 1.0197x10 4 kgf cm =
9.86923x103 atm 3
1 Btu = 1055.04 J = 252 cal = 778.161 lbf ft = 10.412 L atm
1 cal = 4.184 J = 3.968 10 3 Btu = 4.19x107 erg = 4.13x10 2 L
atm = 3.086 lbf ft
1 L atm = 24.2 cal = 1.01x109 erg = 101 J = 0.096 Btu = 74.735
lbf ft
PV = nRT U
v2 v2
Boyle: P1V1/ T1 = P2V2/ T2 nR2 ln -nR2 ln V1 0
V1
0 nCv(1 2 ) nCv(1 2 )
Dalton: Pi = ni RT / V
v4 v4
P total = n total RT / V nR 1 ln nR 1 ln 0
V3 V3
0 nCv(2 1 ) nCv(2 1 )
Van Der Waals
v2 v2
gas perfecto nR2 ln -nR 2 ln 0
V1 V1
v4 v4
nR1 ln -nR 1 ln
V3 V3
Z = PV / nRT
U = Q + W
Trabajo del Ciclo W total
= =
Calor que entra al Ciclo QA
v2 v4
(nR2 ln nR1 ln ) 2 1
V1 V3
= v2 = 100
nR2 ln 2
V1
+
= 100
Is ocrico revers ible nCvT 0 nCpT
i rrev nCvT 0 nCpT
Is obarico revers ible nCpT -P nCvT nCpT H = U + PV A presin constante
i rrev nCpT -Pop nCvT nCpT H = U + (PV) H = U + RT (n)
Is otrmico revers ible -w -P
i rrev -w -Pop A = U T S G= H T S
P2
U= Q + W G = nR ln
P1
v2 H= nCpT
Isotermico: Q= +/- nRT ln
V1 V2
Q= -w U= nCvT A = - nR ln
V1
S=
U = W
1
Cp T2 v1
= Cv (
T1
) 1=
V2
2 2 = 1 1