IV Science 1

IV Science

II Semester 2016-17

COURSE : L-6,9,10,11,12,13 and 14 from I-Explore Text Book.

L-10,11 from Environment Text Book.

Paper Style

Ex. 1. MCQS

Ex. 2. Fill in the blanks.

Ex. 3. True or false

Ex.4. Match the following

Ex. 5. Name them

Ex. 6. Give reasons

Ex. 7. Answer in short

Ex.8. Answer in detail

Ex.9. Classify the following objects:

Ex. 10. Draw the diagram

Ex 1. MCQS :

1. It provides nutrients to the plants.

a) Humus b)pebbles c) Sand
2. Particles of soil which are between the size of sand and clay are called
a) Rocks b) gravel c) silt.
3. Colour of the soil
a.) Is always black b) is always brown c) always varies
4. In which soil cotton grows well?
a) Red soil b) brown soil c) black soil
5. Tiny living things which cannot be seen by naked eye are called
a) Microbes b) casts c) minerals
6. Which of the following is following bio-degradable?
a. Plastic bag b. banana peel c. glass bottle
7. To prevent pollution you must
a. Use paper plates
b. Burn garbage
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c. Segregate waste.
8. What causes water pollution?
a. Plants rotting in water
b. Carnivorous aquatic animals
c. Chemicals from factories released in water
9. We need to cut a lot of trees to make
a. A shirt b. a photo frame c. paper
10. Which of the following is a star?
a. Sun b. moon c. Earth
11. The earth is a planet because it move around the
a. Sun b. Moon c. Venus.
12. The spinning of the Earth around its own axis is known as
a. Orbit b. revolution c. rotation
13. It is the correct order of planets depending on the distance from the Sun .
a. Earth, Mars, Saturn
b. Mars, Earth, Saturn
c. Saturn, Earth, Mars
14. It sends television signals to the Earth.
a. Natural satellite
b. Artificial satellite
c. Sun

15. Which object remains floating in water ?

a. Cork b. Spongec. Ice.

16. Which substance is opaque ?

a. Glass b. Wood c. Water

17. Which substance gets dissolved in water ?

a. Stone b. Candle c. Sugar.

18. Which substance does not get dissolved in water ?

a. Nail b. Saltc. Alum.

19. Which substance is transparent ?

a. Slate b. Spectacle lens c. Paper.

20. From which organ of the digestive system does the food enter the foodpipe ?

a. Stomach b. Mouth c. Foodpipe.

21. What gets mixed with the food in the mouth due to which the food becomes soft ?
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a. Blood b. water c. Saliva .

22. Which digestive organ passes the food from the mouth to the stomach ?

a. Foodpipe b. Teeth c. Tongue

23. From which organ is the upper end of small intestine joined ?

a. Large intestine b. Foodpipe c. Stomach .

Ex. 2. Fill in the blanks:

1. Rocks are constantly weathered by forces of nature such as water, wind and heat.
2. Rocks wear away by the process of weathering rocks.
3. Soil contains particles of gravel, sand , silt and clay.
4. The three main types of soil are sandy soil, clayey soil, and loam soil.
5. Soil have different colours because of minerals present in them.
6. Earthworm casts make the soil fertile.
7. Very tiny living things which cannot be seen by naked eye are called microbes.
8. Rock break up into smaller parts till they turn into soil.
9. Potters use clayey soil to make pots.
10.Sandy soil cannot hold water.
11.Humus is made up of dead plants and animals.
12.Loamy soil is suitable for most plants to grow on it.
13.Addition of harmful substances in our natural resources is called pollution.
14.Smoke and fog get mixed to form smog.
15.Drinking polluted water can cause typhoid.
16. Wastes which rot are called biodegradable wastes.
17.Wastes which do not rot are called non- biodegradable wastes.
18.The three Rs of preventing pollution are Reduce, reuse and recycle.
19.Gases, smoke, fumes and dust are air pollutants.
20.Water polluted by chemicals from factories affects marine life.
21.Save energy by switching off electrical gadgets.
22.We should use cloth bags as they are biodegradable.
23.The Sun is a star.
24.The Earth and the eight planets, which revolve around the Sun, form the solar system.
25.Jupiter is the biggest planet.
26.Artificial satellites are sent by scientists to orbit around the Earth.
27.The continents and the oceans lie on the crust of the Earth.
28.The molten rock in the lower mantle is known as magma.
29.Only a few volcanoes are active and keep erupting.
30.The layer of hot molten metal inside the Earth is called core.
31.Sleeping volcanoes are called dormant volcanoes.
32.The time taken for one revolution by the Earth is 365/4 days.
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33.When the North pole is tilted towards the Sun, the southern hemisphere has winter.

34. The equator receives the same amount of sunlight throughout the year.

35. The substance through which we can see easily is called transparent substance.

36. Paper is an opaque object.

37. Air is always there in between us and object .

38. Among ink ,water and milk, water is transparent .

39. Among glass, plastic bag and hard board ,hardboard is opaque.

40. Stomach churns the food completely .

41. The food that remains undigested in the stomach is passed to small intestine

42. The upper of food pipe is connected to the mouth.

43. If food is not digested properly ,we suffer from constipation .

Ex. 3. True or false:

1. Jaggery is soluble in water. - TRUE

2. Mirror is a transparent object. - FALSE

3. When kept in a bucket full of water , a plastic ball floats - TRUE

4. Leaf is an opaque object - TRUE

5. Object through which we can see are called opaque objects - FALSE

6. Food enters the large intestine through the stomach - FALSE

7. Lungs are digestive organs - FALSE

8. Food becomes soft when saliva gets mixed with it - TRUE

9. Absorption of water takes place in the large intestine - TRUE.

10. Tongue , teeth and mouth are organs of the digestive system - TRUE .

11. Milk is transparent - FALSE.

12. Bullock use muscular force to pull a cart - TRUE

13 . Plants prepare food with help of solar energy - TRUE

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14. Polluted water affects marine life. TRUE

15. Acid rain damages things it falls on. TRUE

16. Land pollutants consist of smoke, fumes and gases. FALSE.

17. There are two different types of soil. FALSE

18. Soil contains air. - TRUE.

19. Potters use sandy soil to make pots. FALSE

20. Black soil is good for crops like cotton and sugar cane. TRUE

21. Loam is the best soil for growing plants. TRUE

22. The middle layer of the Earth is the mantle. TRUE

23. Stars are huge balls of fire. TRUE

24. Heavenly bodies that travel around the Sun are called satellites. FALSE

25. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the core. FALSE

26. Venus is the brightest and hottest planet. TRUE

27. The Moon does not have an atmosphere. TRUE

28. Mercury is the biggest planet in the solar system. FALSE

Ex.4. Match the following :

1. Earthworm - casts

2. Clayey soil - pots

3. Deserts - Sandy soil

4. Black soil - Sugarcane

5. Red soil - Wheat crops

6. A mixture of smoke and fog - smog.

7. Smoke that is not healthy - Fume

8. A area messy by throwing waste - Litter.

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9. Materials found in nature - Natural resources.

10. A furnace for burning waste - Incinerator

11. Heavenly bodies - planets

12. Mars - red planet

13. Jupiter - biggest planet

14. Natural Satellite - Moon

15. Earth around its axis - rotation

16. Season - Earths revolution

17. Eruption - bursting out

18. Lava - hot melted rock

19. Hemisphere - two halves of the Earth

20. Magma - hot liquid matter

Ex. 5 Name them:

1. The type of soil which holds a lot of water.

ANS : Clayey.

2. A natural fertiliser.

ANS : Humus.

3. An animal which lives in the soil.

ANS : Earthworm.

4. Harmful substances which cause pollution.

ANS : Pollutants.

5. Unwanted things.

ANS : Waste

6. Waste which cannot be decomposed.

ANS : Non biodegradable.

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7. To convert waste into reusable material.

ANS : Recycle.

8. Biodegradable waste are dumped in large pits.

ANS : Land fills.

9. Something which has weight and occupies space.

Ans. Matter

10. Tiny particles that make up matter.

Ans. Molecules

11. The ability of solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Ans. Solubility

12. A solid that is dissolved.

Ans. Solute

13. A mixture of a solute and a solvent.

Ans. Solution

14 An animals which has a keen eyesight to spot the prey .

Ans. Eagle

15. A small creature which live inside the body of another animals
Ans. Hookwarm
16.An animals which camouflages itself in snow.

Ans. Polar bear

17. The long inactive stage of an animal during the summer

Ans. Aestivation

18.Long winter sleep of animals.

ans. Hibernation

19.The natural colouring of animals which enable them to blend with the surroundings.

Ans. Camouflage
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20.Pull and push on an object

Ans. Force

21.Two types of forces

Ans. Muscular force, Gravitation force

22.Two simple machines

ans. Levar, Pully.

23.Two device which use solar energy

Ans. Solar cooker, Solar heater.

24.Energy used to fly a kite

Ans. Wind energy.

25.A layer ofg air that surrounds the earth

Ans. Atmosphere

26.The process of changing water from liquid from to solid from

Ans. Freezing

27.The process in which liquid change to vapour

Ans. Evaporation

28.The process in which vapour change to water

Ans. Condensation.

Ex. 6 Give reasons:

*1. Loam is the best soil for growing plants because it consists of sand, clay and humus. It
has more nutrients and can hold enough air and water.

*2. Newspaper should be sent for recycling because it can be recycled into a new product, it
reduces the waste and helps in reducing pollution.

3. Food becomes soft after putting it in the mouth, because when it is chewed by the teeth,
it mixes with saliva and hence it becomes soft.
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4. Solids have definite shape and size because molecules in solids are very closely packed ,
so they do not have space to move .

*5. Air pollution is caused due to smoke released from fire ,burning fuels ,automobiles ,
factories etc .

*6. Water pollution is caused due to garbage , flowers, waste etc thrown in rivers and lakes by
the people. People wash clothes, vehicles and animals in ponds and other water bodies.
Sewage water, chemicals and hot water from factories is released in the water bodies.

*7. Carnivorous birds have keen eye spot because it helps them to spot their prey from the
sky.

*8. When we throw a ball up in the air, it comes down because the earth pulls everything
towards itself.

*9. When we roll a ball along the ground, it stops after sometime because its surface rubs
against the rough surface of the ground.this roughness causes the ball to slow down and it
finally stops.

*10. In winter season, it takes a long time for clothes to dry because the temperature is low.

*11. Soil is most important to us because of its ability to let plants grow in it.

*12. Soil pollution is caused due to waste from various sources such as domestic waste,
industrial wastes etc.

*13. A wet cloth, which is spread out will dry faster than a wet cloth, which is folded, because
a larger area is exposed for drying.

*14. Do not waste paper because a lot of trees have to be cut down to make paper.

Ex. 7 Answer in short :

*1. Why do solids have a definite shape and size?

A. Molecules in solids are very closely packed, so they do not have space to move. So solids
have a

definite shape and size.

*2. How is a gas able to spread in all directions ?

A. Molecules in gas are placed far apart, there is lot of space between them. So they can
spread in
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all directions.

*3. How can you change ice into steam ?

A. When we heat ice it first changes into water and then into steam (water vapour).

*4. What helps a monkey to climb trees ?

A. Monkeys have long and strong limbs with sharp claws to climb the tree. They have a long
tail to grip

the branches and to balance their body.

*5. What helps aquatic animals to move around in water ?

A. Aquatic animals have fins or oar like flippers to swim in water. Water birds have webbed
feet which help them to paddle in water.

*6. When is work said to be done ?

A. Work is done when an object is moved through a distance using force.

*7. How is soil formed ?

A. Soil is formed by breaking down of rocks into tiny particles.

*8. What are the different types of soil ?

A. There are three different types of soil. They are Sandy soil, Clayey soil and loam.

*9. What is Acid rain ?

A. The gases from factories combines with moisture and form acids. When this acid
combines with raindrops and fall on the earth, this is called acid rain.

*10. How can you save fuel ?

A. Fuel can be saved by walking small distances, by using bicycles or public transport. This
will help to reduce pollution.

*11. Define weather.

A. Weather is the state of the atmosphere of a place at a particular time.

*12. What is hail?

A. When the atmosphere is cold, the raindrops freeze and turn into ice. This is called hail.

13. What happens if food is not digested?

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A. If food is not digested, we will suffer from stomach ache.

14. How should the food be eaten so that it gets digested easily?

A. The food should be chewed properly before swallowing. It gets mixed with saliva which
helps in digestion easily.

15. Write the names of three organs of your body that help in digestion of food?

A. The three organs that help in digestion of food are Mouth, Stomach and small intestine.

16. What do you mean by the digestive organs ?

A. Organs which help to digest food are called digestive organs.

17. What do you mean by transparent objects ? Give two examples ?

A. The things through which we can see objects is known as transparent object. Eg: glass,
water etc.

18. What do you mean by opaque objects ? Give two examples ?

A. The things through which we cannot see objects is known as opaque object. Eg: Wood,
book etc.

*19. What is the difference between dew and frost ?

A. 1. When water vapour condenses on cold objects, dew is formed.

2. The dew freezes into tiny white crystals called frost.

*20. What are adaptive features of carnivorous animals ?

A. They have sharp pointed teeth to tear the flesh, strong jaws to grip their prey, strong legs
and claws to run fast and catch the prey.

*21. What is energy ? Name some sources of energy ?

A. The capacity to do work is known as energy. Sources of energy are sun, wind, water and
heat stored inside the earth.

*22. What are the effects of soil pollution ?

A. Soil pollution causes loss of nutrients, reduces the fertility of soil. It also causes soil
erosion.

23. Which food is heavy to digest ?

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A. Fried food containing fats, food eaten quickly without chewing and food that contains lots
of oil is heavy to digest.

*24. What are the constituents of soil ?

A. Soil contains rock particles, gravel, sand and clay. It also contains humus, water and air.

*25. What are the effects of air pollution ?

A. Air pollution can cause coughs, breathing problems and burning eyes.

*26. What are the effects of water pollution ?

A. Water pollution can affect aquatic life and kills aquatic animals and plants and drinking
such water can cause diseases.

Ex.8. Answer in detail

*1. What are the adaptive features of terrestrial animals ?

A. 1. Terrestrial animals live on land.

2. They breathe air directly from the atmosphere.

3. They have well developed sense organs.

4. They have strong legs, toes in the form of hoofs and sharp claws.

5. Some of them have a thick coat of hair.

2. What is the function of small intestine as a digestive organ ?

A. 1. Remaining digestion takes place.

2. The digested food is absorbed by the walls of the small intestine and mixes with blood
and is transported to different organs.

*3. Write the difference between solids and liquids ?

A. Solids : 1. Molecules are closely packed.

2. They have a definite shape, size and volume.

3. They cannot flow.

Liquids: 1. The molecules are not very closely packed.

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2. They do not have definite shape.

3. They can flow.

*4. How does a pangolin keep itself safe from its enemies ?

A. 1. Pangolins back is covered with overlapping scales.

2. When it senses danger, it tucks its head between its legs and rolls itself into a ball.

*5. Write a short note on solar energy ?

A. Sun is the main source of energy.

1. It gives us heat and light.

2. The green plants absorb solar energy and make their own food.

3. Plants, animals and human beings use this food to get energy.

4. Solar energy is also used in solar cookers, and solar heaters etc.

*6. How do earthworms help plants ?

A. 1. Earthworms move through the soil creating tunnels.

2. Plants are able to absorb more water and air through tunnels.

3. The tunnels also help the roots to grow deeper into soil.

4. They make dropping called casts and this makes the soil fertile.

*7. What is biodegradable waste ?

A. 1. The domestic wastes like fruit and vegetable peels, paper, clothes made from cotton or
wool, broken wooden furniture etc.

2. These wastes rot and mix with the soil after sometime.

3. These wastes are called biodegradable wastes.

*8. What harm do glass bottles and metal cans cause ?

A. 1. Glass bottles and metal cans are non-biodegradable waste.

2. They cause pollution.

3. They can also hurt the rag picker.

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*9. Write a note on sea breeze ?

A. 1. During the day, the land gets warmer faster than the water.

2. The air above the land too becomes warm and rises up.

3. The cool air from the sea moves in towards the land and thus sea breeze occurs.

*10. How does growth of crops depend on weather ?

A. 1. A suitable weather should be necessary for the proper growth of the crops.

2. Sudden weather changes damages the crop.

3. Lack of rains, long hot periods destroy the crops.

4. Hailstones damages the blossoms, fruits, ears of grain etc.

*11. How do evaporation and condensation takes place in nature ?

A. 1. Water from the rivers, lakes, pond and oceans gets heated up and evaporates.

2. As the water vapour reaches up, it cools down and condenses as tiny droplets of water to
form cloud.

3. The water droplets further condense to form rain.

12. How is food digested ?

A. The food is digested as follows:

1. The food is first chewed properly in mouth. It mixes with saliva.

2. Food enters the stomach through the Foodpipe.

3. Food enters the small intestine from the stomach.

4. The undigested food in the small intestine enters the large intestine.

5. Here, water is absorbed from the undigested food and the remaining food comes out of
the body in the form of excreta.

13. What should be done so that the food gets digested easily ?

A. 1. The food must be chewed properly.

2. Food must be fresh, pure and properly cooked.

3. We should eat only when we are hungry.

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4. Physical work is essential for proper digestion.

5. Never lie down immediately after eating.

6. Water should not be drunk before and after half an hour of having meals.

*14. Name three types of force and its use ?

A. The three types of force are muscular force, gravitational force and frictional force.

1. Muscular force is used to pull a load.

2. Gravitational force is used to pull all the things towards the centre of the earth.

3. Frictional force helps to stop a moving body.

*15. Write a short note on land breeze ?

A. 1. During the night, the land gets cooler faster than water.

2. The air above the sea becomes warm and rises up.

3. The cool air from the land moves in towards the sea and takes its place. This is called
land breeze.

16. How is soil formed ?

A. 1. Soil is formed by the breaking down of rocks into tiny particles.

2. Rocks are attacked by water, wind and heat.

3. The constant action of forces of nature weakens the binding power of rocks.

Ex.9. Classify the following objects:

Q.1 [ Buttermilk, leaf, water, glass, rubber, air, wood, paper, Table, milk, plastic-scale, ink ]

Ans: TRANSPARENT OBJECTS : Water, Glass, air, plastic-scale.

OPAQUE OBJECTS : Wood, rubber, leaf, paper, buttermilk, table, milk, ink.

Q.2 [ Berry, nail, wood, sugar, Lemon, Stone, rice, Leaf, Paper, Feather, cloth, Salt, Pencil,
Chalk, plastic, Rubber, handkerchief, brush]

Ans: FLOATING OBJECTS : Pencil, wood, paper, plastic, leaf, Feather, handkerchief, brush
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SINKING OBJECTS : Berry, nail, sugar, Lemon, Stone, rice, cloth, salt, chalk, rubber

Ex 10. Draw the diagram:

1. Draw diagrams showing arrangement of molecules in solids, liquids and gases.

2. Draw a neat diagram of sea breeze.

3. Draw two simple machines.

PAPER STYLE OF SCIENCE

I. Choose the correct Option [MCQ] [1*10 = 10 MARKS]

II. Fill in the blanks [1*10 = 10 MARKS]

III. True or False [1*10 = 10MARKS]

IV. Name them [1*4 = 4 MARKS]

V. Match the following [1*5 = 5 MARKS]

VI. Give reasons [1*7 = 7 MARKS]

VII. Answer in short [2*8 = 16 MARKS]

VIII. Answer in Detail [3*4 = 12 MARKS]

IX. Classify the following [3*1 = 3 MARKS]

X. Draw and label [3*1 = 3 MARKS