IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 04 | September 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-6010

An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of

Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete
Yashwanth M K Nagarjuna P
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
MIT, Mysore CIT, Ponnampet

Abstract
This paper aims to ascertain the synergic effect of utilizing bagasse ash and fly ash in concrete. In this study, bagasse ash & fly
ash were physically and chemically characterized and partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of
cement to produce concrete. The fresh properties of concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength
were carried out. From the results, it was observed that fresh properties of the bagasse ash and fly ash concrete like workability
increases as the percentage of replacement of bagasse ash and fly ash increases and compressive strength of bagasse ash and
flyash based concrete increases up to 15% ash replacement level as compared to normal concrete.
Keywords: Bagasse Ash, Fly Ash Compressive Strength, Workability
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

Ordinary Portland cement is recognized as a major construction material throughout the world. However, the production of
Portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amount of CO 2, a greenhouse gas (GHG);
production of one ton of Portland cement produces about one ton of CO 2 and other GHGs. Researchers all over the world today
are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or Agricultural waste, as a source of raw materials for industry. This waste,
utilization would not only be economical, but may also result in foreign exchange earnings and environmental pollution control.
Industrial wastes, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume are being used as supplementary cement replacement
materials. Currently, there has been an attempt to utilize large amount of bagasse ash, a residue from an in-line sugar industry
and the bagasse-biomass fuel in electric generation industry. When this waste is burnt under controlled conditions, ash is
produced having amorphous silica, which has pozzolanic properties. The objectives of this research is to study a synergic effect
of Sugar cane bagasse ash(SCBA) with fly ash(FA) incorporated in concrete in order to increase in strength and a better bonding
between aggregate and cement paste.

II. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Material Characterization
Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade conforming to IS: 12269-1987(9) was used in the present study. Tests conducted on
cement are consistency tests, setting tests, soundness test etc. the results are shown in the table 1.
Table 1
Physical properties of OPC 43 grade cement
Sl. no. Tests Results Requirements as per IS: 12269-2013 Test code
1. Normal Consistency 34% IS: 4031(Part 4)-1988
Setting time
134 min Min 30 mins
2. Initial setting time IS: 4031(Part 5)-1988
298 min Max 600 mins
Final setting time
3. Soundness 1mm 10mm IS: 4031(Part 3)-1988
4. Specific gravity 3.10 IS: 4031
5. Fineness of cement (by sieve analysis) 4.60% 10% IS: 4031
Fine Aggregate
Natural sand is used as fine aggregate. The properties of fine aggregate are determined as per relevant Indian standards and test
results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Properties of fine aggregate
Sl. No Tests Results Requirements as per is: 383- 1970 Test code
1. Specific gravity 2.61 2.3 to 3 IS: 2386(Part 3)
2. Fineness modulus 2.30 2.3 3.5 IS: 2386(Part 1)

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 An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete
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3. Silt content 1% <3% IS: 2386

4. Water Absorption 2.57% IS: 2386(Part 3)
Coarse Aggregate
Natural aggregates are used as coarse aggregate. The properties of coarse aggregate are determined as per relevant Indian
standards and test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Properties of coarse aggregate
Sl. No. Tests Results Requirements as per IS: 383-1970 Test IS code
1. Specific gravity 2.62 2.5 to 3 IS: 2386(Part 3)-1963
2. Water absorption 0.59% IS: 2386(Part 3)-1963
3. Fineness modulus 6.5 5 to 8 IS: 2386(Part 1)-1963
Shape test
17.56%
4. Flakiness Index <30% IS: 2386(Part 4)-1963
28.14%
Elongation Index
5. Crushing value 20.97% <45% IS: 2386(Part 4)-1963
6. Angularity Number 6.58 0 to 11 IS: 2386(Part1)- 1963
Fly Ash
Fly ash, also known as flue-ash, is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises of fine particles that rise with the
flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed as bottom ash. The chemical and physical properties of fly ash are shown in Table
4 and Table 5
Table - 4
Chemical Properties of Fly ash
Silica SiO2 (%) Alumina Al2O3 (%) Ferrous Fe2O3 (%) Calcium oxide CaO (%) Loss on Ignition (LOI) %
96.86 0.24 0.16 0.92 1.72
Table 5
Physical properties of Fly Ash
Sl. No Tests Results Recommended values
1. Specific Gravity 2.18
2 SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 97.26 < 70% or < 60%
3 Fineness 2.8 < 10%
As per IS 3812(part1)-2013 specifications the combined chemical composition of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 70% which satisfies
the pozzolanic nature of fly ash and classified as class F pozzolana satisfying the above requirements the ash has got pozzolanic
properties and hence it can be used as a supplementary cementitious materials in concrete.
Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA)
Source: Pandavapura Sugar Factory (P.S.S.K.Ltd)
The field observation and qualitative studies of sugarcane bagasse ash revealed that it consists of a major amount of carbon
and organic materials. This is due to the incomplete combustion of bagasse fibre in boiler system. The sample of sugarcane
bagasse ash was found to have completely burnt silica-rich fine particles and two different types of carbon-rich fibrous unburnt
particles named coarse fibrous particles and fine fibrous particles ashes were chemically analyzed and physically characterized.
The chemical and physical properties of sugar cane bagasse ash are shown in table 6 and 7.
Table - 6
Chemical Properties of sugar cane bagasse ash
Silica SiO2 (%) Alumina Al2O3 (%) Ferrous Fe2O3 (%) Calcium oxide CaO (%) Loss on Ignition (LOI) %
67.8 0.06 0.18 1.39 22.12
Table - 7
Physical properties of sugar cane bagasse ash
Sl. no Tests Results Recommended values
1. Specific Gravity 1.98
2 SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 68.04 < 70% or < 60%
3 Fineness 4.1 < 10%
Mix Proportioning
M-25 grade of concrete was used for the present investigation. Mix design was done based on IS 10262-2009. The Table 8.1 to
8.5 shows mix proportion of concrete (Kg/m3).
a) Trail - 1: Total Percentage Replacement= 0 [Bagasse ash=0% + Fly ash= 0%]
Table 8.1
Material Requirements
Materials Quantity (kg/m3)
Cement 360
Fly ash 0
Bagasse ash 0
Water 197
Coarse aggregate 1010.4

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 An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete
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Fine aggregate 762.83

b) Trail - 2: Total Percentage Replacement= 5 [Bagasse ash=2.5% + Fly ash= 2.5%]
Table 8.2
Material Requirement
Materials Quantity (kg/m3)
Cement 342
Fly ash 9
Bagasse ash 9
Water 197
Coarse aggregate 1007.4
Fine aggregate 760.5
c) Trail - 3: Total Percentage Replacement= 10 [Bagasse ash=5% + Fly ash= 5%]
Table 8.3
Material Requirement
Materials Quantity (kg/m3)
Cement 324
Fly ash 18
Bagasse ash 18
Water 197
Coarse aggregate 1004.4
Fine aggregate 758.3
d) Trail - 4: Total Percentage Replacement= 15 [Bagasse ash=7.5% + Fly ash= 7.5%]
Table 8.4
Material Requirement
Materials Quantity (kg/m3)
Cement 306
Fly ash 27
Bagasse ash 27
Water 197
Coarse aggregate 1001.4
Fine aggregate 756.05
e) Trail - 5: Total Percentage Replacement= 0 [Bagasse ash=0% + Fly ash= 0%]
Table 8.5
Material Requirement
Materials Quantity (kg/m3)
Cement 288
Fly ash 36
Bagasse ash 036
Water 197
Coarse aggregate 996.92
Fine aggregate 752.66
Fresh Properties
Slump test is conducted to determine the fresh properties of concrete. Slump test is conducted as per IS: 1199 1959.

Fig. 1: Slump of concrete

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 An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete
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Table 9
Slump Value for Various % Replacement of SCBA and FA
Trial no. % Replacement of SCBA and FA Slump (mm)
1 0 70
2 5 115
3 10 125
4 15 105
5 20 95

Fig. 2: Variation of Slump v/s Percentage Replacement of SCBA and FA

From the above graph, it indicates that increase in bagasse ash and fly ash content there will be increase in slump value as
compared to controlled concrete. Increase in slump value is due to the low loss on ignition value in fly ash and higher specific
surface area in ash.
Compressive Strength Test
Hardened properties of concrete are conducted on cubes specimens of size 150mmx150mm150xmm.
The results are tabulated in table 10.
Table - 10
Compressive Strength Results
Average Compressive Strength (MPa)
Trial no. % Replacement of SCBA and FA
3rd Day 7th Day 28th Day
1 0 14.35 16.79 27.20
2 5 17.96 22.37 32.87
3 10 16.71 17.59 31.50
4 15 12.43 17.22 29.90
5 20 12.03 16.92 20.54

Fig. 3: Variation of Strength of Concrete v/s Percentage Replacement of SCBA and FA

From the above graph, it indicates that increase in bagasse ash and flyash content there will be increase in compressive
strength value as compared to controlled concrete at 28 days up to 15% ash substitution. The gain in strength is due to pozzolanic
activity. Decrease in compressive strength values with increase in the substitution ratio indicated that filler effect is predominant
only up to 15% ash substitution.

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 An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete
(IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 031)

III. CONCLUSIONS

The oxide composition test indicated that, the fly ash can be classified as class N pozzolana as prescribed by ASTM C 618
& class F pozzolana as prescribed by IS:3812(Part1) 2013.
The oxide composition test indicated that, the bagasse can also be classified as class N pozzolana as Prescribed by ASTM C
618 & class F pozzolana as prescribed by IS: 3812(Part1) 2013.
The Loss on Ignition (LOI) of fly ash is higher than the recommended value hence it has predominant effect on workability
and strength of concrete but Loss on Ignition (LOI) of bagassse ash is lower than the recommended value hence it has not
much predominant effect on workability of concrete.
Synergic effect of Bagasse ash & fly ash up to 15% is found to be better substitute for cement for improving workability of
concrete.
From the compressive strength results of cubes, it is found that on 15% of ashes replacement with cement will yield better
compressive strength as compared to controlled concrete.
Thus, we can conclude that addition of up to 15% of bagasse ash and fly ash as substitute for cement to produce concrete
which can be used for practical structural application

REFERENCES
[1] R,Srinivasan, K Sathiya, Experimental study on bagasse ash in concrete, international journal for service learning in engineering, 2009.
[2] Siripairod H, Palkert S, Sujjavanich , Chaysuwan D, Development of concrete flooring tiles by Wastes, bagasses ash and fly ash for replacing type I
portland cement, the 3rd ACF international conference- ACF/VCA 2008.
[3] M.R.Malaviya,B.chetterjee and K.K. Singh, Fly ash- an emerging alternative building material, National metallurgical Laboratory 1999.
[4] E.rama sail,Amir jumal, D.V.VA.K Prakash, Shahbaz Hiaderl, S.Kanakambara Rao, An experimental study on synergic effect of sugar cane Bagasse ash
with rice husk ash on self-compacting concrete 2012.

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