D. Sathishchandra
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
KL University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Use of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks in construction industry in India offers
interesting proposition for various segments in the society. A project developer needs faster and
lower cost construction. For environmentally conscious constrictions they needs eco-friendly
products and for those who occupy buildings built with AAC blocks is better safety and lower
energy costs for cooling or heating. Even though considering advantages of AAC blocks there is a
scope of investigation of transformation of brick product when mixed with soil. There is a need of
study on environment effect because of fly ash and silica ashes will transform to the environment
and steadily increases air pollution effects. The present project discuss about the advantages as
well as draw backs of usage of AAC blocks usage in present trends and the effects for environment.
Key words: AAC blocks, Environment effects, Air, water pollution controlling.
Cite this Article: P. Nagavenkatasaikumar and D. Sathishchandra. Environmental Conditions
Monitoring of AAC Blocks Usage of High Rise Buildings at Tadepalli, Andhra Pradesh.
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 189198.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) was invented in the mid-1920s by the Swedish architect and inventor
Johan Axel Eriksson. AAC is one of the major achievements of the 20th century in the field of
construction. It is a lightweight, precast building material that simultaneously provides structure,
insulation, and fire and mold resistance. AAC Blocks is a unique and excellent type of building materials
due to its superb heat, fire and sound resistance. AAC block is lightweight and offers ultimate workability,
flexibility and durability.
Main ingredients include fly ash, water, quicklime, cement, aluminum powder and gypsum. The block
hardness is being achieved by cement strength, and instant curing mechanism by autoclaving. Gypsum acts
as a long term strength gainer. The chemical reaction due to the aluminum paste provides AAC its distinct
porous structure, lightness, and insulation properties, completely different compared to other lightweight
concrete materials. The finished product is a 2.5 times lighter Block compared to conventional Bricks,
while providing the similar strengths. The specific gravity stays around 0.6 to 0.65. This is one single most
USP of the AAC blocks, because by using these blocks in structural buildings, the builder saves around 30
to 35 % of structural steel, and concrete, as these blocks reduce the dead load on the building significantly.
AAC is a long proven material. AAC block is used in a wide range of commercial, industrial and
residential application and has been in use in EUROPE over 90 years, the Middle East for the past 40 years
and in America and Australia for 25 years. It's an estimate that AAC now account for over 40% of all
construction in UK and more than 60% of construction in Germany. In India production of AAC block
started in 1972. This unit is proposed to manufacture AAC Blocks by consuming the Fly-Ash as one of the
prime raw material. Fly-Ash, a major raw material with 70% proportion in AAC Blocks, an indispensable
by-product of Thermal Power Plants, is an environmental threat across the globe. Power plants are facing
an ever increasing challenge disposal of this polluting agent.
1.1. Advantages
The advantages are as follows: 1. Consumes Fly ash, which is a big problem for thermal power plants to
dispose. It is environment friendly, because of no need of burning. 2. Higher strength, best thermal
insulation & excellent sound absorption, vibration resistance compared to red bricks. The AAC products
lightweight and easy workability means that is very quick to install on site and transportation with lesser
brakeage. 3. AAC blocks made walls can be left exposed (without Plaster) and gains strength over time. It
saves structural cost by 35% and recycling of breakage, rejects also. 4. AAC products are not affected by
harsh climatic conditions and will not degrade under normal atmospheric conditions. 5. AAC Block does
not have any toxic substances or emit odors. Its production, management and disposal do not represent any
health risks or damage to the environment. Its production process develops non-toxic gases. 6. AAC blocks
are bigger in size then conventional bricks, resulting in lesser number of joints. Less joints result in lesser
quantity of mortar required, resulting in saving of mortar.
2. OBJECTIVES
To study the preparation of AACs.
To study the fly ash and SiC impact on health.
To study the effects of ash contents in local atmospheric conditions.
3. METHODOLOGY
1. Production of materials and components
2. Construction - Use/operation of the building
3. Maintenance
4. Demolition
5. Disposal (recycling, landfill, incineration for energy recovery etc.).
By checking the above considerations 1, 4 &5 will mainly effect on environment because of
considering coastal area of river basin which may cause water pollutants effect
3.3. Maintenance
Indoor air exposure may originate from natural sources, construction products, and human behaviour. The
global trends in construction industry encourage application of environmentally and ecologically justified
materials and synthetic agents (as additives) which improve the performance of construction products. As
humans spend most of their lifetime indoors, aspect of health quality in such radio chemically new
microenvironments should be evaluated because exposures even to low doses of xeno biotics may involve
different health risks. Especially vulnerable subpopulations are pregnant women (unborn children) and
children due to age-related characteristics of bioaccumulation and excretion physiology. Most of indoor
radiation is owed to radon emitted from soil and rocks. The significance of lung cancer risk related to
indoor radon exposure is recognized, and it seems that in the next decade we can expect beneficial results
of launched radon mitigation programmes. As methods which can be applied for mitigation of increased
radon levels in existing homes are costly. Even though the emissions and radiations are minor issues with
AAC fly ash bricks the residents also aware of these situations and the government also has to take
awareness programs in rural constructions. The coastal area mainly deals with rain falling and the soils are
absorbents of fly ash purification of water needed because the heavy metal particles produce lung cancer.
3.4. Demolition
Most of the constructed bricks using 55% of fly ash as course aggregate demolition will take immediate
effect of fly ash in to the environment. The nature of minimum particle size approximately micron it is
easy to soluble in air and water precautions must have to take to minimize the effect of demolishing still
not applied in lot more suburban areas of Vijayawada. Maximum of these particles deposits at the river
bound areas and the particles easily mixed in to the river can causes water pollution, the heavy metals like
zircon, heavy carbonates mixed with drinking water. The water purity levels have to check out after giving
permissions to the demolitions and the effects have to be considered because of fly ash mix up with unit
volume will be more in demolishing.
pollution of both air and water. Ash needs to be converted into ash-based products and utilized so that ash
does not mix in air.
Preparation of materials
Preparation of components
Construction of sites
Under construction
Planning to site Identified the risks
of site
Poor coordination in
Waste materials Hazardous chemicals
site
Health analysis
Climatic conditions
Conclusion
Below graph shows the pollution % of emissions after using AAC blocks comparison with normal
concrete applications in a high raise building of G+8.
35
30
25
20
15 Normal
AAC
10
0
mid 3:00 6:00 9:00 noon 3:00 6:00 9:00
night AM AM AM PM PM PM
Below graph shows the construction area to pollution emission with normal concrete blocks and it
shows that nothing varied with the area to pollution proportionate
700
600
500
400
Series 1
300
Series 2
200
100
0
1950-1980 1980-2000 2000-2010 2010-2016
Below graph shows the emission rates of normal building to AAC building pollution variants.
8th floor
7th floor
ground floor
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Below graph shows the pollution emissions percentage in 3rd floor in G+8 building
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5 radiation
2 nitogen
1.5 Series 3
1 Co2
0.5
0
mid 3:00 6:00 9:00 noon 3:00 6:00 9:00
nght AM AM AM PM PM PM
Below graph shows the statistical information of Vijayawada rural area pollution charts in the year
2015.
140
120
100
80
60 air
sound
40
water
20
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