K. Hamantha Raja
Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
K. L. University, Vaddeswaram, A. P, INDIA
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To investigate the properties of metakiolin and GGBS based geopolymer
concrete. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this connection, Geopolymer is need of the hour,
where the binder is inorganic polymer. Geopolymer concrete will be introduced as an
alternative concrete which did not use any cement in its mixture and used Metakaolin and
GGBS as alternative cement. NaOH and Na2SiO3 were used as activator solution. Findings:
Geopolymer concrete is prepared by using the solution of sodium silicate mixed with sodium
hydroxide. The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 2.5 and the concentration
of sodium hydroxide is 8M. The geo polymer concrete specimens are casted and tested for
compressive strength for and 28 days and cured at ambient temperature.
Applications/Improvements: This study helps in gaining knowledge about the morphological
composition of concrete which might result in path-breaking trends in construction industry.
Key words: Geopolymer Concrete, GGBS, Metakaolin, Alkaline Solution, Curing, Cylinder
Split Tensile Strength, Molarity.
Cite this Article: P. Malleswara Rao and K. Hamantha Raja, Study of The Properties of
Metakiolin and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 565574.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
In construction industry, Concrete utilization is abundant in every nook and corner of the planet earth
after water. Ordinary Portland bond (OPC) is the natural choice for manufacturing of conventional
concrete. There is alarming amount of carbon dioxide, a dangerous green house gas, emissions which
degrade the environment. The need to diminish the overall anthropogenic carbon dioxide has
encouraged examiners to filter for sensible building materials. The technique of conveying cement
is astoundingly inside imperativeness genuine, and additionally accountable for broad releases of
CO2, GHC realizing an unnatural climate change. On this landscape, there is a sincere need to find a
substitute spread to bond with a particular deciding objective to make the advancement business
ecofriendly and sensible1-2.
Remembering the finished objective to reduce the radiations of carbon dioxide, bond in concrete
is supplanted by materials like fly searing garbage, GGBS (Ground granulated effect warmer slag)
and metakaolin is considered as a more eco-pleasing other choice to Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) based concrete3-4. It is termed as Geopolymer bond. Geopolymer materials address an
imaginative advancement that is delivering broad eagerness for the improvement business,
particularly in light of the advancing highlight on practicality. Instead of the Portland type, the green
concrete relies on upon insignificantly took care of basic materials or mechanical results to give the
coupling authorities. Since Portland cement is accountable for major essentialness and relatively
large amount of GHC credited to a customary arranged complex bond, the store assets of the potential
imperativeness and carbon dioxide utilizing Geopolymer can be broad. Along these lines, there is
creating excitement for Geopolymer application being developed industry5-9. In India, the
Metakaolin and GGBS are the most prospering mechanical effects10-13. These contain structural and
functional properties of new and set concrete that have been inspected. Hang and air substance of
new concrete and ingestion and compressive nature of set bond were furthermore explored. Test
results show that this Metakaolin and GGBS are fit for upgrading set strong execution up to 10%,
Enhancing new strong lead and can be used as a piece of compositional strong mixes. The
compressive quality and split versatility of concrete was measured for 3, 7 and 28 days. This paper
presents the testing methodology for green concrete along with durability tests.
2. MATERIALS USED
2.1. Metakaolin
Metakaolin is obtained from the Kaomine industries PVT LTD at Vadodara on Gujarat state. The
specific gravity of Metakaolin is 2.6 and the size of particle is less than 90 microns. The colour of
metakaolin is pink, shown in Refer Table 1-2. and Figure1.
Figure 1 Metakaolin
3.2. GGBS
The specimen is from Jindal steel and power Ltd., Vijayawada office. The specific gravity of GGBS,
bulkdensity, fineness is 2.9.1200 kg/m3,> 350m2/kg respectively of the specimen, shown in Table 3.
and Figure 2.
Figure 2 GGBS
4. METHODOLOGIES
4.1. Preparation of Alkaline Solutions
Here 8 Molar NaOH is considered in this paper. According to the standard chemical calculations,
320g of disintegrated sodiumhydroxide pieces and put in refined water to shape one liter
arrangement, shown in Table 6-8. and Figure 6.
Table 11 Compressive strength of concrete for M30 control mix for 3,7,28 days
3 days 7 days 28 days
MIX PROPORTION
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
50%MK+50%GGBS 24.706 35.332 37.084
40%MK+60%GGBS 27.613 36.042 39.52
30%MK+70%GGBS 28.921 38.658 42.728
20%MK+80%GGBS 29.06 39.166 44.63
10%MK+90%GGBS 31.537 41.112 48.25
0%MK+100%GGBS 35.332 44.036 52.02
Table 12 Spilt tensile strength of concrete for M30 control mix for 3,7,28 days
Table 13 Flexural strength strength of concrete for M30 control mix for 3,7,28 days
6. CONCLUSIONS
Based on limited experimental investigations conducted on concrete the following conclusion are
drawn
From the above results it is apparent that Geopolymer concrete based on GGBS and metakaolin has
got more compressive strength than conventional concrete.
The strength of the Geopolymer concrete increases with the increase in GGBS content up to 50%and
then reduces, so it is recommended to use GGBS up to 50% in the GPC mixes.
The results showed that the substitution of 50% Metakaolin and 50% GGBS content induced higher
compressive strength.
Specimens provided with oven cooling tend to exhibit rigidity and comprehensive strength.
By using Metakaolin and GGBS as a filler or replacement in GPC concrete will reduce environmental
pollution as they are reason for getting turned the agricultural land to barren land when they are
disposed as wastes.
Increase in molarity of NaOH as an alkaline activator appears to provide better compressive strength
when compared with lesser molarity.
Mix with 50% of GGBS and 50% of metakaolin seems to have better compressive strength than other
mixes. This may be due to increase in alkaline reaction between GGBS particles and calcium in
metakaolin.
The green concrete resists the attack of various chemicals and therefore, it is durable for the given
mix proportion.
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