V80 1.8 MW
60 Hz
OptiSlip Wind Turbine
1. Introduction
The Vestas V80 - 1.8 MW wind turbine is based on experience gained from
several generations of Vestas Wind Turbines. It is designed around a platform
closely resembling the Vestas V66 - 1.65 MW Wind Turbine
The Vestas 1.8 MW, with a rotor diameter of 80 m (264 ft.), utilises the Vestas
OptiSlip concept. When compared to regular pitch or stall regulated wind
turbines, OptiSlip technology produces a smoother power output and significant
load reductions.
The Vestas OptiTip feature is also standard on the Vestas V80 - 1.8 MW turbine.
OptiTip continuously optimises blade tip angle for improved power performance
and reduced sound emission.
2. Wind Climate
Turbulence describes short-term wind variations or fluctuations. The conditions for
which the VESTAS V80-1.8 MW wind turbine was designed are listed below.
The maximum wind speeds at which the turbine may be operated are listed below.
Wind gust Stop Wind Speed/
Max. Acc. Restart Wind Speed
Model
[m/s2] [m/s]
V80-1.8 MW 10 25/20
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 4 of 18
The blades are made of glass fibre reinforced epoxy. Each blade consists of two
shells, bonded to a supporting beam. Special steel root inserts connect the blade
to the blade bearing. The blade bearing is a 4-point ball bearing bolted to the blade
hub.
The main shaft transmits the power to the generator through a combined
planetary-helical gearbox. Power is transmitted from the gearbox to the generator
via a maintenance-free composite coupling.
The pitch system together with the unique Vestas OptiSlip generator combine to
maintain smooth, nominal power output at higher wind speeds. This power output
is hence independent of air temperature and air density. At lower wind speeds, the
pitch system and OptiTip technology optimise the power through the calculated
blade pitch angle.
Four (4) electrical yaw gear-motors perform nacelle yawing. The yaw bearing
system is a plain bearing system with built-in friction and self-locking mechanisms.
The glass fibre reinforced nacelle cover provides protection for the components in
it. A central opening provides access to the nacelle from the tower. The nacelle
houses the internal 800-kg (1760-lb.) service crane. As an option, this can be
enlarged for the hoisting of main components (SWL = 6400 kg, (14080 lbs.)).
The steel tower is supplied with the standard Vestas American Wind Technology
coating system as specified in Section 7. The customer may choose to use an
optional system based upon specific environmental conditions of the proposed
site.
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 5 of 18
4. General overview
5. OptiSlip description
Asynchronous (induction) generator slip is defined as the difference between the
synchronous speed and the actual generator speed. The standard slip for big, non-
regulated asynchronous generators is about 1%, such that the rpm value is 1%
higher when the generator is completely loaded, than without the load. Thus, speed
and load changes are interdependent.
The Vestas OptiSlip allows the generator slip to vary from 1% to 10%, reducing
speed and load interdependency. Through OptiSlip technology, the excess
power of a sudden wind gust is not sent directly to the electrical. As a further
advantage, the resulting mechanical loads on the wind turbine are also reduced.
Nevertheless, wind power during a wind gust is not lost, but briefly stored in a
flywheel consisting of blades, gear and generator. The power during a wind gust
leads to a short acceleration condition. The Vestas OptiSlip with the Vestas pitch
regulation system then reduces the rpm to a constant speed. At that time the
stored power is released and sent to the electrical grid.
Vestas OptiSlip provides the benefit of smooth electrical grid power quality, while
minimising wind turbine loads.
6.1 Power Curve for Vestas V80 - 1.8 MW, IEC class I
The Power Curve is calculated using NACA 63 profile series and FFA-W3.
The parameters for calculated curves are:
Frequency: 60 Hz.
Rotor diameter: 80 meters [264 ft.]
Nominal Rotor speed: 16.8 rpm.
Tip angle: Pitch regulated
Turbulence: 10 %
Electrical-power [kW] as a function of wind speed [m/s] at hub height and density
[kg/m3]
V10
[m/s] 1.225 1.06 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.24 1.27
4 18,1 11,3 12,5 13,8 15,0 16,2 17,5 18,7 19,9
5 116 96,3 100 104 107 111 115 118 122
6 260 221 228 235 242 249 256 263 270
7 449 385 396 408 420 432 443 455 467
8 688 591 609 627 644 662 679 697 715
9 974 838 863 888 912 937 962 986 1011
10 1282 1110 1142 1174 1205 1236 1267 1296 1325
11 1546 1376 1412 1445 1476 1506 1533 1558 1581
12 1705 1590 1618 1642 1663 1681 1697 1711 1723
13 1771 1717 1732 1744 1754 1762 1768 1774 1778
14 1792 1773 1778 1783 1787 1789 1792 1793 1795
15 1798 1792 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1798 1799
16 1800 1798 1798 1799 1799 1799 1799 1800 1800
17 1800 1799 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
18-25 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
V80 - 1.8 MW
Air density 1.225 kg/m3
2000
1800
1600
1400
Power [kW]
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Wind speed [m/s]
Vestas Wind Systems A/S calculates the annual Energy output utilising a Weibull
Distribution for the four (4) Danish wind roughness classes. The annual energy
output is calculated on the assumption that the availability is 100 %, 78.0 m [257
ft.] hub height and 25 m/s stop- wind speed.
Roughness MWh/year
Class
0 7706
1 6166
2 5262
3 3937
Theoretical calculated noise curve for the V80-1,8MW in roughness class 2 (Hubheight = 78 m)
110
108
106
Sound Power Level [dB(A) re 1pW]
98
96
94
Acceptance Level = LWAeq + Accuracy
92
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Wind speed in 10 meters height above ground level [m/s]
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 9 of 18
6.4 Power Curve for Vestas V80 - 1.8 MW, IEC class II
The Power Curve is calculated using NACA 63 profile series and FFA-W3.
The parameters for calculated curves are:
Frequency: 60 Hz.
Rotor diameter: 80 meters [264 ft.]
Nominal Rotor speed: 15.5 rpm.
Tip angle: Pitch regulated
Turbulence: 10 %
Electrical-power [kW] as a function of wind speed [m/s] at hub height and density
[kg/m3]
V10
[m/s] 1.225 1.06 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.24 1.27
4 12.9 5.3 6.7 8.1 9.4 10.8 12.2 13.6 14.9
5 116 94,4 98,3 102 106 110 114 118 122
6 252 212 219 226 234 241 249 256 263
7 432 367 378 390 402 414 426 438 450
8 657 560 578 595 613 630 648 666 683
9 914 782 806 830 854 878 902 926 950
10 1179 1011 1042 1072 1103 1133 1163 1194 1224
11 1424 1233 1269 1305 1341 1375 1408 1440 1472
12 1619 1437 1475 1512 1549 1580 1606 1631 1656
13 1735 1610 1638 1667 1695 1716 1729 1741 1754
14 1784 1725 1740 1754 1769 1778 1782 1786 1789
15 1797 1779 1784 1789 1793 1796 1797 1798 1798
16 1800 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1800 1800 1800
17 1800 1799 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
18-25 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800
V80 - 1.8 MW
3
Air density 1.225 kg/m
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
Power [kW]
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Wind speed [m/s]
Vestas Wind Systems A/S calculates the annual Energy output utilising a Weibull
Distribution for the four (4) Danish wind roughness classes. The annual energy
output is calculated on the assumption that the availability is 100 %, 78.0 m [257
ft.] hub height and 25 m/s stop- wind speed.
Roughness MWh/year
Class
0 7.410
1 5.886
2 5.006
3 3.734
Theoretical calculated noise curve for the V80-1,8MW in roughness class 2 (Hubheight = 78 m)
110
108
106
Sound Power Level [dB(A) re 1pW]
104
96
94
Acceptance Level = LWAeq + Accuracy
92
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Wind speed in 10 meters height above ground level [m/s]
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 12 of 18
7. Specifications
7.1 Rotor
Diameter: 80 m [264 ft.]
Swept area: 5027 m2 [54,114 ft2]
Rotational speed static, rotor: 16.8 RPM (IEC Class I)
15.5 RPM (IEC Class II)
Rotational direction: Clockwise (front view)
Orientation: Upwind
Tilt: 6
Blade coning 2
Number of blades: 3
Aerodynamic brakes: Full feathering
7.2 Blades
Principle: Shells bonded to supporting beam
Material: Glass fibre reinforced epoxy
Blade connection: Steel root inserts
Air foils: NACA63 profile series and FFA-W3
Length: 39 m [129 ft.]
Chord (width) (blade root/blade 3.52 m /0.48 m [11.62 ft/1.6 ft]
tip):
Twist (blade root/blade tip): 13/0
Weight per blade: Approx. 6,500 kg. (14,300 lbs.)
The exact hub height includes 0.4 m [1.3 ft] distance from the top of the foundation
to the top of the foundation insert section flange , and 1.7 m [5.61 ft]distance from
the top flange to the centre of the hub.
7.12 Gearbox
Type: 1 planetary stage/2 helical stages
Ratio: 60 Hz: 1:120.6
Cooling: Oil-pump with oil-cooler
Oil heater: 2 kW
Oil filtration: 3 m off-line filter unit + 10m inline filter
Manufacturer: Vestas has a number of sub-suppliers of
gearboxes. All gearboxes are in compliance
with Vestas specifications.
7.13 Couplings
Main shaft-gearbox:
Type: Shrink disc, conical
Gearbox:
Type: Composite shaft
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 14 of 18
7.14 Generator
Type: Asynchronous [induction] with wound rotor,
slip-rings and VRCC (OptiSlip technology)
Rated power: 1.8 MW
Voltage: 690 VAC
Frequency: 60Hz
No. of poles: 4
Class of insulation: F or better
Class of protection: IP54
Slip regulation interval: 1- 10 %
Nominal slip: 4%
Nominal speed: 1872 RPM
Power factor, generator: 0.88
Rated current: 1712 Amps
Power factor correction: 900 kVar
Resulting power factor: 0.999
Resulting current: 1507 Amps
Computer:
Communication: ArcNet
Program memory: EPROM (flash)
Programming language: Modula-2
Configuration: Modules
Operation: Numeric keyboard + function keys
Display: 4 x 40 characters
Commands: Run/Pause
Man. Yaw start/stop
Maintenance routine
7.20 Transformer
Type: Cast resin
Rated Power: 1850 kVA
High voltage: 6 34,5 kV (36kV equipment voltage)
Frequency 60 Hz
Vector group: Yn/Yn
Low voltage: 690 Vac
HV Tas: +/- 2 x 2.5%
Impedance voltage: 6.8%
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 16 of 18
7.21 Weights
[Weights in Tons = 1000 kg]
8. Installation
8.1 Terrain
Particular considerations must be taken if the terrain has a slope of more than 10
within a 100-m [330ft.] radius of the turbine. In all cases, it is recommended to
consult Vestas prior to final site selection.
The turbine has been designed in accordance with IEC 61400-1 class IA wind
conditions and can be placed in wind farms with a minimum distance of 5 (five)
rotor diameters (400 m/1320 ft) between all turbines. If the turbines are placed in a
single row, perpendicular to the predominant wind direction, the distance between
adjacent turbines must be a minimum of 4 (four) rotor diameters (320 m/1056 ft).
Corrosion
Corrosion protection is in accordance with ISO Standard12944-2.
All Vestas turbines are produced and protected according to the following
corrosion classes:
Inside surfaces, directly exposed to outside air, e.g. inside nose cone and
transformer housing are corrosion protected to class C3.
Inside surfaces, not directly exposed to outside air, e.g. component inside the
nacelle, are corrosion protected to class C3.
The medium-voltage grid voltage levels shall be within +5/-5% of nominal levels,
with frequency variations of +2/-3Hz permitted.
As an average, grid drop-out (loss of grid power) shall not take place more than
once a week over the turbines lifetime.
The grounding system must be designed (by others) in accordance with the local
soil conditions. The resistance to neutral earth must be according to the
requirements of the local authorities. Vestas requires that the electrical ground
connection has a maximum resistance of 10 .
The turbine is equipped with reactors to reduce the harmonic load at the
capacitors. The power factor correction system is designed to operate at a
harmonic spectrum according to the following European standards: VDE 0160,
IEC 1000-2-2 and EN 50160.
V80 1.8 MW OptiSlip 60 Hz Wind Turbine
Date: 28. May 2002 Class: 1 Item no.: 944411.R3 Page: 18 of 18
Vestas recommends that the electrical grid be as close to nominal as possible with
little variation in frequency.
A certain time allowance for turbine warm-up must be expected following grid
dropout and/or periods of very low ambient temperature.
If the wind turbine is sited at elevations greater than 1000 m (3300 ft) above sea
level, a higher than usual temperature rise may occur in electrical components. In
such cases, a periodic power reduction from rated electrical output may occur.
This may occur even when the ambient temperature remains within specified limits.
Furthermore, sites situated at greater than 1000 m (3300 ft.) above sea level
usually experience an increased risk of icing in most climates.