Solution Class Problems 1

In a proposed jet propulsion system for an automobile, air is drawn in vertically through a large intake in the
roof at a rate of 3 kg/s, the velocity through this intake being small. Ambient pressure and temperature are 100
kPa and 30C, respectively. This air is compressed and heated and then discharged horizontally out of a nozzle
at the rear of the automobile at a velocity of 500 m/s and a pressure of 140 kPa. If the rate of heat addition to the
air stream is 600 kW, find the nozzle discharge area and the thrust developed by the system.

o
T1 30 C = 303 K
P1 100 kPa R = 0.287 kJ/kg K k = 1.40
CP = 1.005 kJ/kg K
V1 0 m/s Ve 500.00 m/s k-1/k = 0.286
* Pe 140.00 kPa
m1 3.00 kg/s k/(k-1) = 3.50

Qin = 600.00 kW

* *
= ma {(CP (T 2-T 1)) + 2 - 2
Q ((V2 /2) (V1 /2))}
*
600 = ma {CP (T 2-T 1) + 125.00 - 0.00 }

200 = {CP (T 2-T 1) + 125.00 }

CP (T 2-T 1) = 75.00 T2 = 377.63 K

3 2
2 = P/RT = 1.29 kg/m Ae = mf/V2 = 0.00464 m

* *
- T + (Pe - Pa)Ae = m2 Ve - m1 Vin

- T + 185.79 = 1500.00

- T = 1314.21 N

Air enters a heat exchanger with a velocity of 120 m/s and a temperature and pressure of 225C and 2.5 MPa.
Heat is removed from the air in the heat exchanger and the air leaves with a velocity 30 m/s at a temperature
and pressure of 80C and 2.45 MPa. Find the heat removed per kilogram of air flowing through the heat
exchanger and the density of the air at the inlet and the exit to the heat exchanger.
P1 2500 kPa R = 0.287 kJ/kg K
o
T1 225 C CP = 1.005 kJ/kg K
498 K Ve 30.00 m/s
V1 120 m/s Pe 2450 kPa
* Te = 80.00 C = 353.00 K

Q k = 1.40 k-1/k = 0.286

k/(k-1) = 3.50
*
q = CP (T 2-T 1) + V22/2 - V12/2
*
q = -145.73 + 0.45 - 7.20 kJ/kg

*
q = -138.08 kj/kg

3 3
1 = 17.49 kg/m 2 = 24.18 kg/m
Consider an isothermal air flow through a duct. At a certain section of the duct the velocity, temperature, and
pressure are 200 m/s, 25C, and 120 kPa, respectively.
If the velocity is decreasing at this section at a rate of 30% per m, find dp /dx , ds /dx , and d /dx.

P1 120 kPa R = 0.287 kJ/kg K

o
T1 25 C dV CP = 1.005 kJ/kg K
= -0.30
298 K Vdx Ve ? m/s
V1 200 m/s Pe ? kPa

3
1 = 1.40 kg/m
For pressure Change

From Continuity dP dV 2 dV
= -V = -V
dx dx Vdx

dP (120x1000) Pa kPa
= (200x200) (-0.30) = 16836.99 = 16.84
dx (287)(298) m m

For Entropy Change

dT dP ds dT dP
ds = CP - R so = CP - R
T P dx Tdx Pdx

ds dT dP 16836.99 J
= CP - R = - 287 = -40.27
dx Tdx Pdx 120x1000 kg K m

From SFEE d V - V dV
dx
= { CP R } T dx

d = V V dV
dx
V { CP
-
R } T Vdx

d 1.40
dx
= 200 { 0.20 - 0.70 } { 298 } { -0.30 }
= 0.14 kg/m3
m
V V dV
-
CP R T Vdx