Engineering

g g Design
g
Process
Instructors : Dr. Arif Sasongko
Location : IT Telkom
Subjects of Discussion: Engineering Design,
Project Selection,
Selection Requirement Specification
Setting
Engineering Job ?
Design ?

Perancangan ?

E i
Engineering
i D Design
si

2
Engineering design is the process of
devising a system,
system component,
component or process
to meet desired needs. It is a decision-
makingg process
p (often
( iterative),
), in which
the basic sciences, mathematics, and
engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources optimally
ti ll tto meett a stated
t t d
objective. Among the fundamental
elements of the design process are the
establishment of objectives and criteria,
synthesis,
synth s s, analysis,
ana ys s, construct
construction,
on, testing,
t st ng,
and evaluation. [ABET] 3
Engineering design is the process of
devising a system,
system component
component, or process
to meet desired needs. It is a decision-
makingg process
p ((often iterative),
), in which
the basic sciences, mathematics, and
engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources optimally
ti ll tot meett a stated
t t d
objective. Among the fundamental
elements of the design process are the
establishment of objectives and criteria,
synthesis,
synth s s, analysis,
ana ys s, construct
construction,
on, testing,
t st ng,
and evaluation. [ABET] 4
Engineering design is the process of
devising a system,
system component,
component or process
to meet desired needs. It is a decision-
makingg process
p (often
( iterative),
), in which
the basic sciences, mathematics, and
engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources optimally
ti ll tto meett a stated
t t d
objective. Among the fundamental
elements of the design process are the
establishment of objectives and criteria,
synthesis,
synth s s, ana
analysis,
ys s, construct
construction,
on, ttesting,
st ng,
and evaluation. [ABET] 5
What is needed as design
g
Engineer ?
Knowledge
K l d
Skill
Creativity
What is needed as design
g
Engineer ?
Knowledge
K l d
Field of application: signal processing,
electronics
l circuit, mechanical
h l systems,
Algorithm
Modeling
M d li and dM Math
th
Economics, ethics, .
What is needed as design
g
Engineer ?
Skill:
k ll
General skill: Planning, Teamwork,
Documenting, Conducting
d E
Experiment
Specific Skill: using of CAD tools,
d
drawing,
i programming,i using
i an model
d l
(ex. UML),
What is needed as design
g
Engineer ?
Creativity
C (1/3)
quality of making, inventing, or
producing--rather
d h thanh imitating--and d
it's characterized by originality and
imagination
What if , I wish
What is needed as design
g
Engineer ?
Creativity(2/3)
C (2/3)
Creativity is everywhere: business, art,
E
ENGINEERING,
EE science

Reuse !!
In engineering and science, creativity is
useful only if it fits into the realities of
th physical
the h i l world. ld
 What is needed as design
g
Engineer ?
Creativity(3/3)
Examples of Constraint
Observations and Rules of Thumb
Your idea may be in an area where the basic science or
mathematics is not known, then begin by paying attention to the
known observations and rules of thumb in the area.
But the observations and rules of thumb may be wrong. Remember
when doctors thought that ulcers were caused by spicy food and
stress, but now know most ulcers are bacterial infections.

12
 Engineering
g g Design
g
Process
Iterative process, from
f abstract
b
(and general) idea to less more
specific)
f ) abstract
b idea
d to
implementation (real world)
Detailing model !!!
Oppos
Opposite
te d
direction
rect on to science:
sc ence
Codification and abstraction of real
world
Verification in all level !!
 Engineering
g g Design
g
Process
Verification
V f in all
ll level
l l !!
Engineering Design
Process
 Engineering
g g Design
g
Process
P
Prescriptive VS
V Descriptive
D
Prescriptive
p focus on problem,
p
algorithmic/systematic,
Descriptive focus on solution, literal
thinking,
Is this prescriptive or descriptive?

17
 Requirements
Analysis Prescriptive
or
Specifications descriptive
?
System
Architecture

Software Design Hardware Design

Interface Design
Application Architecture
Software Drivers
Operating System Synthesis
Hardware
d Drivers
Compiler Compiler

Integration
and Test

18
Waterfall Model
Requirements defines
needed information
information, function
function,
behavior, performance and
interfaces.
Design
D data
d structures,
software architecture,
f
interface representations,
p ,
algorithmic details.
Implementation source
code,
d ddatabase,
t b user
documentation, testing.
Spiral SDLC Model
Each cycle involves
the same sequence
of steps as the
waterfall process
model
World Class Engineer
http://wce.engr.psu.edu/

I. Aware of f the
h World
W ld
sensitive to cultural differences,
environmental concerns, and ethical
p
principles
p
alert to market opportunities (both
high-
h gh and low
low-tech)
tech)
cognizant of competitive talents,
work ethic,
ethic and motivation
World Class Engineer

II. Solidly Grounded

II
thoroughly trained in the fundamentals
of a selected engineering discipline
has a historical perspective and remain
aware of advances in science that can
i
impactt engineering
i i
realizes that knowledge doubles at
breakneck speed and is prepared to
continue learning throughout a career
World Class Engineer
III. Technically Broad
understands that real-life problems are
multidisciplinary
thinks broadly, seeing an issue in a rich context of
various alternative, p
probabilities, etc., rather than
a narrow quest to find a single answer
(referenced in the back of the book)
is conversant in several disciplines
is trained in systems modeling and the
identification of critical elements. Understands
the need to design experiments to verify or
extend analysis, as well as to meet specification
requirements
is psychologically prepared to embrace any field
necessary to solve the problem at hand
World Class Engineer
IV. Effective in Group Operations
cooperative in an organization of individuals
working toward a common creative goal that is
often multidisciplinary and multifunctional in
nature
effective in written and oral communication
willing to seek and use expert advice
cognizant of the value of time and the need to
make efficient use of the time in all phases of an
endeavor
understanding and respectful of the many facets
of business operation -- general management,
management
marketing, finance, law, human resources,
manufacturing, service, and, especially, quality
World Class Engineer
g

V. Versatile
innovative in the development of products and
services
sees engineering as applicable to problem solving
in general
considers applying engineering beyond the typical
employment focus of engineering graduates in the
manufacturing industries, to the much broader
economy (financial services, health care,
transportation, etc.) where engineering skills
could make a dramatic improvement in the
productivity of those segments of the economy
that employ 80 percent of the U.S. population
World Class Engineer

VI. Customer
V C Oriented d
realizes that finding
g and satisfying
y g
customers is the only guarantee of
business success
understands that products and
services
serv ces must excel inn the test of
cost-effectiveness in the global
marketplace
FIRST AND MOST IMPORTANT DECISION
OF ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT IS:
PROJECT SELECTION
 Types of engineering
Design Project
Project Objective is create new
artifact to meet a given need
Creative Design: new and innovative
product
Variant Design: variant or
improvement off product
d
Routine Design:
g design
g with well
known theory/methods 28
 Systems E
Engineering & Integration
Large-scale, many people
Testing.
Does system
y meet requirements?
q
Experimental Design
Design experiment or apparatus
Analysis
Correct
C t problem,
bl i.e.
i FMEA
29
 Project Selection
What are your trying to do? no jargon.
jargon
How is it done today and what are the
limitations?
What is new in your approach, and why will
it be successful?
Who cares? what difference will it make?
What are the risks and payoffs?
p y
How much will it cost? How long will it
take?
What are the midterm and final exams' to
check for success? 30
 Need Identification
11. Gather
G h raw data.
d
2. Translate to marketing requirements.
3. Organize the needs into a hierarchy.
4. Rank the Needs
5. Review the outcomes

31
 Need Identification (1)
1 Gather
1. G h raw data.
d
Interview ?
Survey
Statistics
.

32
 Need Identification (2)
Marketing Requirements
Statement of Customer Needs in
language of customer.
customer
What the product should do, NOT how
it should be achieved.
achieved
Short, action-oriented phrases
Example - The system should have high
quality audio.
33
 Need Identification(3)
( )
Organize the needs into a hierarchy & Rank
the Needs

34
 Need Identification(4)
11.
2.
3.
4.
5. Review the outcomes

35
According to AppleInsider, approximately 10.3 million people
owned iPods at the end of 2004 and many of the owners
used
s d them
th m while
hil operating
p tin their
th i automobiles.
t m bil s The
Th National
N ti n l
Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that
driver distraction is a contributing cause of 20 to 30
percent of all motor vehicle crashes or 1.2 million
p
accidents per year. One research study has estimated that
driver inattention may cause as many as 10,000 deaths each
year and approximately $40 billion in damages. iPods can
present a distraction to drivers that is similar to cell
phones in that the drivers attention is divided between
controlling the steering wheel, watching the road, and
g g controls on the iPod. A system
navigating y is needed to allow
users to navigate among the music selections of their iPod
without distracting their attention from the road.
From the iPod Hands-Free Device Design Report by Al-
Busaidi Bellavia,
Busaidi, Bellavia and Roseborough [Alb07].
[Alb07]
36
 Problem
P bl Statement
St t t
Marketing requirement B-100
Need
Identification Background/Research

Requirement
q Specification
p
Justification B-200
Requirement
Specification Analysis

Concept generation
Functional decomposition B 300
B-300
Design detail design process
 S
Source CCode
d
PCB Layout B-400
Implementation Circuit

Debugging
gg g
Unit Test B-500
Testing Scenario Based Testing

Manufacturing
B 600
B-600
Deployment, Installation
Manufacturing
 Requirements
q
Specification is
C
Collection
ll i off Engineering
E i i andd Marketing
M k i
Requirements that a system must satisfy to
meet the needs of customer and end user

specification : implementation = egg : chicken

 Properties
Abstract
b What
Wh vs HowH
Verifiable can be
measured/demonstrated
Unambiguous
Traceable from marketing requirement
Realistic - Justifiable
Overview of Process [IEEE-STD
[IEEE STD
1233]

41
 Example
Does the
D th following
f ll i requirement
i t meett
the four desirable properties?
( b t
(abstract,
t verifiable,
ifi bl unambiguous,
bi
traceable)

The robot must have an average g

forward speed of 0.5 feet/sec, a top
p
speed of at least one foot/sec,, and
the ability to accelerate from 42

g speed
standstill to the average p in
under one second.
 Example
Does the following requirement meet
the
h four
f desirable
d i bl properties?
i ?
(abstract, unambiguous, verifiable,
traceable)
bl )

The robot must employ IR sensors to

m
sense its external environment and
navigate autonomously with a battery
life
f off one hour.
. 43
 Notes
Specification
f is M
MODIFIABLE
D F BLE butb the h
modification must be justified and
d
documented d
Specification
p requirement
q settingg is
NOT EXACT/SYSTEMATICS process
but the result must be justifiable,
j
traceable, .