2010 Pescadero Council History and Handouts

PESCADERO MUNICIPAL ADVISORY COUNCIL (PMAC)
MEETING NOTICE AND PROPOSED AGENDA

www.pescaderocouncil.org
Tuesday, January 12, 2010, 7:30 PM,

Native Sons Hall, 112 Stage Road, Pescadero CA 94060
1. CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA

2. PUBLIC COMMENT ON ITEMS NOT ON THE AGENDA
3. PRESENTATIONS/ANNOUNCEMENTS
A. Supervisor Rich Gordon will present an award to Kathy Webster and TomKat Education
Foundation for the locally-produced School District food program. Representatives of the agricultural
community are invited.
B. Announcement about County green jobs programs which will be presented in more detail at the
February PMAC meeting.
4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES OF LAST REGULAR MEETING
5. FINANCIAL REPORT Financial Report- Pattie Brixen
6. CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence Rodger Reinhart
7. REPORTS FROM CURRENT COMMITTEE CHAIRS
A. Emergency Preparedness Certified Emergency Response Training Lary Lawson
B. Housing Committee geotechnical study progress - Catherine Peery
C. School Board Meeting liaison Don McDermott
D. Environmental Committee next steps -Jackson Robertson
E. Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
F. Communications Committee R. Skinner
8. LAND USE COMMITTEE MEETING ALL MEMBERS OF PMAC
A. Sewer System: Meeting scheduled with School District representatives to tour San Lorenzo High
School system, maintained by Fall Creek Engineering Catherine Peery
B. Review of Permits if any
9. NEW BUSINESS-
A. Election of Officers
B. Review of ByLaws establishment of committee
10. Adjournment , Next meeting Feb 9, 2010, Green Jobs presentation
This site is NOT wheelchair accessible. Individuals who need special assistance or a disability-related modification or accommodation (including
auxiliary aids or services) to participate in this meeting; or who have a disability and wish to request an alternative format for the agendas, meeting
notice, agenda packet or other writings that may be distributed at the meeting, should contact Catherine Peery at least 3 working days before the
meeting at 650-879-0150, fax 650-879-1847, cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org. Notification in advance of the meeting will enable PMAC to make
reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to this meeting and the materials related to it.
SPANISH TRANSLATION AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. Traduccin en espaol esta disponible si es solicitado.
www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 1
Green Jobs Academy Overview
The primary outcomes for the Green Jobs Academy are:
Quality Training linked to green industries

Access to Employment in a sustainable economy
Opportunities to Gain Experience in a career pathway of choice
The Green Jobs Academy is a 16 week program designed to serve low

income residents of San Mateo County who are not ready to go directly into
subsidized employment. Participants increase employability from soft and
hard skills training while they study emerging green industries.
8 weeks of Academy Training in Cohorts of 25 participants at 20 hours

per week=160 hours, Academy graduates will continue to:
8 weeks of Transitional Employment (20-40 hours per week). The

employees wages are 100% subsidized during the paid internship. The
employer and employee may mutually agree to continue this
arrangement beyond the 8 week internship.
Curricula: Hard Skills (e.g. basic green building construction), Soft Skills
(e.g. job readiness/life skills), Environmental Literacy, Math & English
The Green Jobs Academy is a program within the SMC Works Subsidized
Employment Program, an ARRA funded program for low income residents
with dependent children. We will provide this subsidized employment
program to 125-150 CalWORKs clients from October 2009 to September
2010. We will rotate training locations (in North, South and Coastal regions).

January 5, 2010
Eliana Falk
Operations Supervisor
First National Bank
239 Stage Rd.
Pescadero, CA 94060
Dear Eliana,
As we were discussing yesterday Im asking the bank to sponsor a set of flags for the
Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council. As you know when we have a formal affair we
borrow your set of flags, the American and California flags for our meeting at the Native
Sons Hall. At our January monthly meeting next Tuesday were honoring Rich Gordon
for his services to the community and wed like to have the flags for the occasion.
If your company can see fit to sponsor a set of flags for us well be able to display them
at every meeting and also pledge allegiance before each meeting. We will always
recognize verbally the sponsorship of our flags by our local bank, The First National
Bank of Northern California.
Please let me know if this gift is possible and I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best personal regards,
Rob Skinner
Member
Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council
Rob.skinner@gmail.com
P.S. We are a 501(c)(3) Charitable Corporation

December 11, 2009
John Pliska
Alto Velo Bike Club
VIA E-Mail
Re: Annual Pescadero Classic Road Race, June 13th, 7:00 am 1:00 pm
Dear John:
Thank you very much for contacting PMAC concerning the proposed Alto Velo bicycle race in Pescadero
at 7:00 AM 1:00 PM on Saturday, June 13, 2008. We appreciate your continued cooperation with the
community, and the benefit the race provides for South Coast Childrens Services as in years past.
We reviewed your proposal at the December 8, 2009 meeting of PMAC, and the consensus was that your
organization has been exemplary in its efforts to cooperate with the Pescadero community in the planning
of your event. We appreciate your attempt to make this race as safe as possible for both bicyclists and
motorists, and that you have been responsive to the need to monitor parking. As we mentioned, please
request that your downtown monitors treat residents as they would if they lived here.
We encourage Alto Velo to publicize the event as widely as possible so motorists will be aware of the need
to avoid the impacted roads that morning, and we will notify the local radio station to announce the route of
the race. Announcements in the weekly Half Moon Bay Review and the monthly Coast Views would be
helpful. We also have an online news site: coastsider.net. Contact Barry Parr, and there is a calendar on
www.pescadero.com.
We appreciate the participation of the California Highway Patrol and San Mateo County Sheriffs office in
the race, especially since no road area can be reserved for bicycles only.
PMAC and the community look forward to the race and a long association with Alto Velo. We urge the
Board of Supervisors, Caltrans, and any other public entity involved in this event to facilitate the
processing of any required permits.
Again, we especially appreciate your support of South Coast Childrens Services.
Sincerely
Catherine M. Peery, Chair,


From: David Pegos [mailto:DPegos@cdfa.ca.gov]
Sent: Thursday, January 07, 2010 11:33 AM
To: David Pegos
Subject: 2010 Specialty Crop Block Grant Workshops
Hello,
We want to make sure you were aware of the following workshops for 2010 Specialty
Crop Block Grants. Please see below for more details.
Let us know how we can be of assistance.
All the best
DavidA.Pegos
CaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture
ExecutiveOffice
1220NStreet,Suite400
Sacramento,California95814
Phone:(916)6540321
Fax:(916)6517417
Email:dpegos@cdfa.ca.gov
Follow CDFA on Twitter: www.twitter.com/cdfanews
APPLICATION WORKSHOPS SCHEDULED FOR 2010 SPECIALTY CROP

BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM
Workshops to be held in Sacramento, Fresno, Salinas and Ontario
SACRAMENTO, January 7, 2010 The California Department of Food and

Agriculture will hold application workshops the week of January 11, 2010, to assist
interested parties in applying for the 2010 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program. The
department expects to award up to $17 million in projects to enhance the competitiveness
of California specialty crops this year.
The Specialty Crop Block Grant Program is an important tool to assist California
specialty crop growers, said Secretary A.G. Kawamura. These application workshops
will provide important information to organizations and entities interested in applying for
grant funding.
Workshops will be held in the following locations:
January 11, 2010 (Monday) 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

California Department of Food and Agriculture Main Auditorium
1220 N Street Main Auditorium
Sacramento, CA 95814
January 12, 2010 (Tuesday) 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

Fresno County Farm Bureau

1274 West Hedges Avenue
Fresno, CA 93720
January 13, 2010 (Wednesday) 10 a.m. to 12 p.m.

Laurel Inn
801 West Laurel Drive
Salinas, CA 93906
January 14, 2010 (Thursday) 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

Hilton Ontario Airport
700 North Haven Avenue
Ontario, CA 91764
In addition to the workshop locations, CDFAs Federal Funds Management Office will
be hosting an online webinar, covering the same information, on Monday, January 11,
2009, from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. Webinar information will provided upon registration.
There is no cost to attend a workshop or webinar, but space is limited at each location.
Individuals planning to attend should send an e-mail to grants@cdfa.ca.gov with their
contact information, number of seats required and the location you will be attending.
The 2010 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program is funded by the United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA) and authorized by the Food, Conservation and
Energy Act of 2008 (farm bill). The purpose of the program is to solely enhance the
competitiveness of specialty crops. Specialty crops are defined as fruits, vegetables, tree
nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops.
-30-
The California Department of Food and Agriculture protects and promotes

Californias agriculture.
Media Contact:
Steve Lyle
CDFA, Public Affairs
(916) 654-0462

From: Joe Lo Coco [mailto:jlococo@co.sanmateo.ca.us]
Sent: Tuesday, December 29, 2009 8:44 AM
To: Catherine Peery
Cc: 'PMAC Members'; Steve Fischer
Subject: RE: Weed management
Catherine,
Thank you for your looking into this and getting back to me.
I am not sure which chemicals were previously proposed for use, so I can not say whether the
current proposal deviates from what was previously considered.
Our current proposal would include the application of "Aquamaster" and "Milestone VM" and it
would be our intent to use the chemicals this winter, though not while there is standing water,
nor when rain is in the forecast.
These are considered premium products. We utilize them specifically because of how benign
they are to all but weeds. If it would be helpful, I would be happy to gather and send you
applicable product information. Just let me know if you would like me to do so.
We respect whatever the community determines its preferences to be and will plan
our maintenance efforts accordingly. This request was simply generated as a result of our
concerns relating to roadway preparation efforts in advance of our proposed 2010 chip seal,
especially since mowing can not effectively be performed during the wet season, essentially
forcing us to wait until there is further vegetation intrusion into our roads before we react.
Thanks again for considering our request and best wishes for the new year!
>>> "Catherine Peery" <catherine@ben-e-fit.com> 12/28/2009 10:27 AM >>>
Joe,
Acoupleofkeyquestionshavecomeup.Whendoyouplantodothis(rainyseason,later?)and
whatisthechemicalyouwerewantingtouseasthesprayherbicide.
Sofar,reactionfromPMACmembersisnegative,andIdontknowifyoureawareofthehistory
onthis.MaevaNealewasChairofthePMACwhenallPMACcouncilmemberswenttothe
BoardofSupervisorsmeetingrequestinginverydramaticfashionthatnosprayingbedonein
ourarea.TheBoardofSupervisorsagreednottospraygoingforward,sowehavealwayssaid
notothisuptonow.
Ifthereissomethingnewaboutthischemicaloraboutthetimingthatwouldperhapsmakethis
lessharmful,pleaseletusknow.
Thanks,
CatherineM.Peery,Chair
PescaderoMunicipalAdvisoryCouncil
P.O.Box249,PescaderoCA940600249
6508790150,f:6508791847

From: Joe Lo Coco [mailto:jlococo@co.sanmateo.ca.us]
Sent: Wednesday, December 23, 2009 3:44 PM
To: Catherine Peery
Cc: Steve Fischer
Subject: Weed management
Catherine,
Among the roads that we plan to chip seal this year are Pomponio Road and Stage Road from
Pomponio Road to Highway 84.
We are concerned with weed growth that is encroaching into the road areas, as allowing the
weeds to encroach into the roadway areas can significantly impact the overall effectiveness of a
road chip seal treatment.
Currently, there is weed growth immediately adjacent to these roads with some growth
extending into the roadways themselves. Where growth has extended into the roadways, we do
not have an effective way of managing the weeds, other than through the application of an
herbicide.
Any chance we could get the PMAC's approval to spray for weeds at these two locations since
both road segments in question would be in entirely different watersheds than the one that
ultimately flows through town.
I would be happy to review with you information on the products that we would use in such an
application.
Please let me know your thoughts and in the meantime, have a joyful holiday season!
Warm regards
Joe LoCoco

Addendum 2 PACIFICA MEDICAL
SERVICES
Medical-related services in
CCS Medical
Half Moon Bay Therapy Unit Medical-related services in
Health System Health System - SpecialNeeds Physical San Mateo/Santa Clara
Family Health Services Therapy
SMMC Coastside Clinic
- Pre-3 Team
- AFLP
- Primary Care
- Family Planning
- Field Nursing
- Womens Health Stanford/Lucile
(Referrals)
- Pediatric Clinic
Packard Hospital
Coastside Rotacare Clinic - Nutrition - Births/Delivery
- Urgent Care - Mental Health Services
- Wednesdays, 5-7:30 p.m. - STD Screening & therapy
- @ SMMC Coastside Clinic
Sonrisas Dental Clinic

- 4-5 week waiting list; same
Coastside Family Medical Center
- Caring for Coastside Kids
day urgent/ER appts
- Family Health Program (clinic 2 days/week)
- Just for Teens Clinic (Mon., 5-6:30pm)
Community Health - Immunizations
- Mobile Health Van - Shot Clinics
- Nursing Mothers Program (WIC)
(Wednesday, 9-4 p.m.)
- Parent Education Programs
Medical-related services
in Pescadero
Health System
Family Health Services:
Emergency Medical - Pre-3 Team Community Health
Services/911 - AFLP - Mobile Health Van
- Ambulance services - Field Nursing (Tuesdays, 1-7 p.m.)
(Referrals)
Behavioral Health & SANTA CRUZ MEDICAL
Recovery Services SERVICES
Erwin www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts
- Mental 01/12/2010
Health Services Page 11
12/23/2009
Results of the Coordinated County Services to Pescadero/South
South Coast Working Group Effort, 2008-2009
The Coordinated County Services to Pescadero/South South Coast Working Group

(hereafter Working Group) was formed in July 2008 in response to community advocacy
for more County services. In a tough budget climate, the South Coast Working Group
focused on health and social service needs, engaged in a rigorous process and delivered
numerous improvements, described here.
To focus its efforts, the Working Group established the following goals:
Short term: To respond to the needs of the Pescadero, Loma Mar, La Honda,
and San Gregorio (South-South Coast) communities in a coordinated fashion.
Long term: To support and enhance existing community capacity aimed at
population level prevention efforts.
A socio-ecological model was employed to help frame the work of the committee, with
initial meetings analyzing the South Coast communities from the Individual, Interpersonal,
Organizational, Community and Society level, and assessing each for Strengths, Needs,
Barriers, Work in Progress, and Proposed Ideas.
Based on this in-depth exercise along with extensive data gathering from all of the
agencies involved, the Working Group settled on four strategies to try and achieve its short
and long-term goals, as follows:
1. Enhancing awareness of medical and social services issues.
2. Improving access and linkages to resources.
3. Increasing capacity of County and community resources.
4. Bridging the geographic isolation.
The following provides a summary of the progress made by the Working Group in each
of the strategic areas.
Enhancing Awareness of Medical and Social Service Issues
Activity 1-1 Form working group to address the needs of the South Coast.
The Working Group and its ad hoc committees met 11 times from July 2008 until
November 2009 and involved a total of 34 individuals from 16 County and
community based agencies (see Addendum 1).
Activity 1-2 Obtain and share data on scope of medical and social services
needs of the South Coast.
Data was obtained from a variety of sources to cover the following information:
o Births by Zip Code, including percentage on Medi-Cal
o Puente health insurance enrollment
o Puente health care navigation requests
o South Coast residents seen at Half Moon Bay Clinics
o Referrals to Family Health Services
o Referrals to and clients seen by Health System staff in Pescadero (Family
Health and Behavioral Health & Recovery Services)

o Children and Family Services child abuse and neglect referrals by City
o Medi-Cal, CalWORKS, and Food Stamps requests by Zip Code
o Transportation arranged by Puente for medical and dental appointments
o 9-1-1 calls from South Coast
o Health Plan of San Mateo South Coast diagnoses for chronic diseases
o Health Plan of San Mateo South Coast health insurance enrollment
Activity 1-3 Convene a series of one-on-one meetings with medical

providers regarding chronic disease care and management, including
MH/AOD issues.
Not completed; proposal submitted for this activity but unsuccessful.
Activity 1-4 Hold one Parenting Class (Strengthening Multi-Ethnic Families

14 weeks) in Pescadero targeting Puente and Pre-3 clients.
Parenting class held in 2009 with 14 enrollees from the South Coast region. Family
Health Services Pre-3 provided the instructor and support for child care; Puente
provided support for limited English proficient students. All enrollees graduated.
Activity 1-5 Ongoing activities towards reducing the stigma associated with
identification and treatment of mental health (MH) and alcohol and other drug
(AOD) issues.
A Behavioral Health and Recovery Services task force has been focusing on this
issue in the Pescadero area. The task force completed a community survey and a
needs assessment.
Activity 1-6 Increase awareness of, and access to, County programs by
participating in Health Fairs in the South Coast.
Ongoing; CALFire has agreed to participate in Health Fairs in the South Coast and
to provide blood pressure, body-mass index (BMI), and other checks.
No Health Fairs have been scheduled to date.
Activity 1-7 Activities to provide education to residents for prevention and

management of chronic disease care.
Community Health is pursuing funding to implement a 6-week Diabetes Self
Management Workshop in Pescadero. Plan includes providing the workshop for
identified residents and training local providers in order to ensure ongoing
dissemination.
Improving Access and Linkages to Resources
Activity 2-1 Increase time of County employees within Puente and increase
computer availability.
Family Health Services increased support as follows:
o WIC increased presence at Puente from one time per month to two times per
month

o Provided additional computer services at Puente
Human Services Agency increased support as follows:
o Provided a Benefits Analyst (BA) to Puente three days per week
o Provided a Social Work Supervisor to oversee other HSA staff on site
o Designated Puente as a County Core Service Agency
Activity 2-2 Map available health related services to the South Coast.
The Working Group focused on the communities of Pescadero, La Honda, San
Gregorio, and Loma Mar a geographically isolated part of San Mateo County.
Addendum 2 provides a map of the current health services available in the South
South Coast region.
Activity 2-3 Identify health gap for residents of South Coast.

A grant proposal to the California Health Care Foundation (unfunded) clearly
outlined the gaps in health care for South South Coast residents. (The Coastside
Health Committee has also recently completed (November 2009) a separate needs
assessment of the entire Coastside.)
Activity 2-4 Streamline County resource and referral process and timeliness
of referral process to ensure easily accessible medical, mental health, and
social services.
Ongoing. Service referrals have been streamlined with identified staff from both
HSA and Family Health working closely with Puente to help navigate the County
system.
Access to medical services continues to be a challenge and was exacerbated by
the closure of the Coastside Family Medical Center in Half Moon Bay. However, the
San Mateo Medical Center has worked to provide additional hours at the County
Clinic in Half Moon Bay (HMB), including obtaining additional exam rooms from
BHRS. In December 2009, the San Mateo Medical Center was awarded federal
funding to expand clinic services in HMB.
Activity 2-5 Investigate ways to increase insurance accessibility, include

accessibility of the ACE program.
The Human Services Agency (HSA) placed staff at Puente and has increased
enrollment of South Coast residents in health insurance programs. Additionally,
when the private clinic in HMB closed, the Health Plan of San Mateo worked as
quickly as possible with private practitioners and others to provide alternatives for all
residents. Limitations remain for those residents who cannot access medical
services and for ACE enrollees who may want to use out of County services.
Activity 2-6 Coordinate contract in the South Coast to share data between
HSA, Health System, County Office of Education, La Honda-Pescadero
Unified School District and community based organizations Puente and
Sonrisas.
Not completed. Though raised as a desirable outcome, the group never prioritized
this to an activity.

Activity 2-7 Assist Puente in building out trailer to house additional County
employees.
Not completed. Focus shifted to HSA making Puente a County Core Service
Center in 2009, which solidified funding to Puente.
Increasing Capacity of County and Community Resources
Activity 3-1 Increase capacity of medical services by increasing Mobile

Health Van hours in Pescadero.
Mobile Health Van hours were initially increased in Pescadero to one day a week.
However, budget reductions in the summer of 2009 made this no longer feasible
and the Mobile Health Van hours were suspended in both Pescadero and Half
Moon Bay.
Activity 3-2 Increase capacity of County nutritional services.

Women, Infant and Children (WIC) hours doubled form one- to two-times per
month. However, despite advocacy by WIC staff, there are no grocery stores in the
Pescadero South Coast region which sell WIC foods.
Activity 3-3 Increase language capacity of County departments.

Health System implemented a Language Access Policy effective July 2008 for all
employees covering both interpretation and translation of documents.
Activity 3-4 Support Touchpoints and/or other parent support groups to

South Coast.
A Stress Management Workshop was held in November 2009 for the graduates of
the Parenting Class; 12 parents attended the workshop. The workshop was co-
presented by Pre-3 and a mental health clinician from BHRS.
Activity 3-5 Expand RotaCare services to Pescadero and/or South Coast,

explore idea of clinics focused on episodic or specialty care.
RotaCare explored the feasibility of expanding to Pescadero but was unable to do
so. However, in the wake of the closure of the private clinic, RotaCare expanded
HMB hours and provided dedicated hours to South Coast residents.
Activity 3-6 Expand services by Fire Department personnel to include blood

pressure screening and monitoring.
CALFire is willing to provide blood pressure screening and additional services at
Health Fairs in the South Coast region.
Activity 3-7 Submit proposal to the California HealthCare Foundation for

increased chronic disease care training and management.
Proposal submitted and not funded.
Activity 3-8 Invite CALFire/EMS units in rural/Coastside ares to BHRS Crisis

Intervention Training (CIT).

Invitation extended to CALFire.
Bridging the Geographic Isolation
Activity 4-1 Increase alternatives to transport residents to routine medical

and related appointments.
Puente received additional funding from the Health System Health Policy and
Planning and Sequoia Health District to coordinate transportation for South Coast
residents to medical and dental appointments.
Providing an average of approximately 300 rides annually.
Activity 4-2 Expand access to dental services through mobile clinic.

Sonrisas Dental Clinic purchased a mobile dental chair and has provided additional
screening services for residents. In addition, the clinic is now open 5 days per
week with the wait for services reduced from several months to 4-5 weeks; same
day appointments are now available for urgent or emergency patients.
Activity 4-3 Expand access to primary medical care services for South
Coast residents. Explore options of Health Plan of San Mateo providers in
Santa Cruz County.
An ad hoc group met to explore this issue.
Health Plan of San Mateo (HPSM) is contacting primary care providers in Santa
Cruz County to pursue interested in contracts as Primary Care Providers for HPSM
members.
SMMC Coastside Clinic obtained additional exam rooms.. Starting at the end of
December 2009, the clinic will expand pediatric care.
With new funding from federal government, SMMC will expand Coastside Clinic
services.
The South South-Coast community has fewer unmet needs today than before this effort
began and work will continue to fill those needs. The Working Group brought focus to a
geographically isolated population of San Mateo County and helped to maximize the
strengths of the organizations already present in the region. While there remain challenges
in meeting the primary medical needs of the South South Coast, the outcomes of the
Working Group show that even with strained budgets, collaborative efforts are worthwhile
towards improving the overall health and well-being of a community.
5
Group Meeting List and List of Attendees
Meetings held:
2008:
o July 3
o August 7
o August 29
o September 25
o November 3
2009
o January 9
o February 27
o April 13
o July 1 (Primary care and Mobile Health Van Services ad hoc meeting))
o August 26
o November 20 (Expansion of primary care services ad hoc meeting)
Total of 9 regular meetings and 2 ad hoc meetings; 11 meetings total.

34 people attended all or some of the meetings.

List of participants:
#
NAME AGENCY
MEETINGS
Belinda Arriaga Behavioral Health Puente de la Costa Sur 5

Children & Family
Gary Beasley Human Services Agency 1
Services
Children and Family
Ellen Bucci Human Services Agency 1
Services
Chronic Disease
Edith Cabuslay Prevention, Community Health System 5
Health
Maternal and Child
Anand Chabra Health, Family Health Health System 4
Services
Public Health,
John Conley Health System 1
Community Health
Self Sufficiency
Elsa Dawson Human Services Agency 4
Services
Trish Erwin Family Health Services Health System 11
Ambulatory Clinics,
Rob Fleming San Mateo Medical Health System 8
Center
Ambulatory Clinics,
Linda Franco San Mateo Medical Health System 2
Center
Mary Hansell Family Health Services Health System 9
Linda Holman Self Sufficiency Human Services Agency 3

Third District, Office of
Matt Jacobs Supervisor Rich Board of Supervisors 5
Gordon
San Mateo Sheriffs
Lt. Ken Jones Coastside 1
Department
Chronic Disease
Gabriela Lemus Prevention, Community Health System 1
Health
Children & Family
Jerry Lindner Human Services Agency 1
Services
Kerry Lobel Puente de la Costa Sur 11
Aging and Adult
Lisa Mancini Health System 1
Services

Addendum 1 Coordinated County Services to Pescadero South South Coast Working
#
NAME AGENCY
MEETINGS
Julia McKeon Puente de la Costa Sur 2
Kate Meyer-Haas Pescadero Municipal Advisory 8
Lorraine Moriarty Society of St. Vincent de Paul 3

Emergency Medical
Jan Ogar Health System 4
Services
Home Visiting
Ronell Reyna Programs, Family Health System 7
Health Services
Behavioral Health &
Louise Rogers Health System 5
Recovery Services
Sandra Santa- Behavioral Health &
Health System 6
Mora Recovery Services
Behavioral Health &
Linda Simonsen Health System 6
Recovery Services
Children & Family
Renee Smylie Human Services Agency 1
Services
Mobile Clinic,
Ellen Sweetin Health System 2
Community Health
Carolyn Thon Health Plan of San Mateo 2
Prevention & Early
Deborah Torres Human Services Agency 7
Intervention
Child Health and
Dorothy Vura-
Disability Prevention, Health System 1
Weiss
Family Health Services
David Wade CAL-Fire 1
La Honda-Pescadero Unified
Amy Wooliever 3
School District
Brian Zamora Community Health Health System 7

EnvironmentalCommitteeReport
January9,2010

Notes
RCDwillbehelpingPMACtounderstandtheTMDLstudy,the
watershedplan,andgivingusadvicetowardaremedyforthefishkill
andfloodingissuesasitrelatedtotheMarsh.
RCDscontractwiththeRegionalBoardistohosttwomeetingsperyear
fortwoyearswiththeoptionofadditionalmeetingsifthebudget
allows.Kellyxisseekingfundingtocoordinateanongoingstakeholder
groupforemoreindepthparticipationforthosewhoareinterested.
JillMarshall,theprojectmanager,lefttheRegionalBoardandturnedthe
projectovertoMikeNapolitano.
Safetyconcernsmaybeopportunitiesforsomesourcesoffunding,
whereasresourceprotectionprovidesdifferentfundingsources.
TimFrahmrecommendedthatwecontactKitCrumpiswiththeNOAA
RestorationCentertohelpuscollectinformation.Kitsboss,PatRutten
mightalsobeausefulresourceforus.

Questions
WillfloodingbeaddressedintheTMDLstudy?Istheregrantmoneyto
follow?
TheTMDLwasrequiredundertheCleanWaterActasaresponseto
impairedwaterqualityduetosediment.Itisoutsidethescopeofthe
TMDLtofocusonassessingthefloodingissueordevelopingaplanto
addressflooding.However,itisimportantthatthisresource
managementconcernisnotedintheTMDL,(1)asthecontextinwhich
theTMDLwilltakeplace,(2)asasignificantlocalconcern,and(3)asa
considerationtoensurethatrecommendationsintheTMDLdonot
exacerbatetheproblem.Thereisgreatvalueinhavingthisconcern
notedinthereport.Also,theTMDLmaybeabletomake
recommendationsforadditionalprojectsorworkthatareoutsidethe

scopeoftheTMDL.Weshouldtrytogetarecommendationinthe
reporttoaddressflooding.

ActionItems
ReadtheCookReport,DevelopMissionStatement,Createalistof
talkingpointsfordiscussionwithstakeholders.
Collectliterature/reports/historyofthePescaderoMarshanduploadto
thePMACwebsite
KellyxsentarequesttoKitCrumpandPatRuttenandArmyCorpsand
manyothers,includingStateParksandresourceagencies,askingthem
whatshouldbeincludedinalibrary.ShesenttheCommitteetheir
compiledresponses.Weshouldnotreinventthewheelonthis,asit
appearsthatmostoftheworkhasalreadybeendoneandPMACcan
simplylinktoitandasktheWRCtoupdateifthereareanynewreports
toadd.WRCwillalsoscanoriginaldocuments.

PuenteUpdates
January12,2009

Jan28thH1N1seasonalfluclinicswillbeofferedinLaHondaatthe
PostOffice25pmandinPescadero(sameday)atthePescadero
CommunityChurch,37pm

ViaapartnershipwiththeInstituteforHumanandSocial
Development,NormaZavalawillprovidehomevisitsfor11families
withchildren,03.Shewillalsocontinuetodosocializationactivities
withchildrenatPuentesuchasStoryTime.ThismeansPuentewill
againbeofferingafullyfunctionalparentinvolvementprogram.
Fooddistributionisthe28th

Taxpreparationhelptobeoffered,FebruaryMarch.Qualified
beneficiariesearnlessthan52,000.Volunteersarealsoneededto
helppreparereturns.

NewsemesterlanguageclassesSpanishforEnglishspeakersbegan
yesterday,onMondays56pm.ESLclasses79pm,Mondaysand
Wednesdays.TBA(butcomingsoon)aSpanishConversationand
Cookingclass

InDecemberPuenteworkedwiththeCountytodistribute$200food
cardsto77lowincomefamiliesinourcommunity

Puentedistributed306holidaystockingsandgiftbags

Donationrequests
Alwayslookingforschoolsupplies,bicycles(inexcellentworking
conditionplease,)toiletriessleepinggear

Ababywipedonor!Someonewillingtodonate15casesofbaby
wipeseachmonth.

FALL CREEK ENGINEERING, INC.
Civil Environmental Water Resource Engineering and Sciences
Tel. (831) 4269054 P.O. Box 7894, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 Fax. (831) 426-4932
December 10, 2009

Catherine M. Perry
P.O. Box 249
Pescadero', CA 94060
Subject: Review of Facilities Planning Report for Pescadero Community Sewer Project
March 2008, Prepared by HydroScience Engineers, Inc.
Dear Catherine:
Fall Creek Engineering, Inc. (FCE) has conducted a review of the above referenced document.
Based on our review, FCE would recommend that the facilities plan (Plan) be revised to include
alternative sites for a new wastewater treatment system, some additional wastewater
treatment schemes, and additional options for effluent reuse and disposal.
In summary, FCE recommends the following:
1. As outlined in the Plan, the proposed wastewater project would include installing a
force main to pump raw sewage to a relatively remote location. This scheme will result
in high costs to implement the project. FCE would recommend considering some
additional sites that are in closer proximity to the community. This option would reduce
the costs associated with the pipelines and would allow water to be reused locally for a
variety of purposes, such as a source for fire suppression, irrigation of the elementary
school playfield and as a source of water to the local nursery/greenhouse operations.
This revision would require identifying alternative sites for the treatment system and
modifications to the collection and conveyance system.
2. The three alternative wastewater treatment systems considered by HydroScience

Engineering are all relatively expensive, energy intensive, and operationally complex
treatment schemes considering the volume of wastewater treated and the relatively
remote location of the systems. FCE would recommend that a few additional
wastewater treatment schemes be considered that are lower cost, easier to operate and
maintain, have been shown to be reliable, and are substantially more energy efficient.
FCE would recommend revising the plan to include a comparison of a two- or three-
stage trickling filter system, a combined trickling filter and constructed wetland system
or sma ll pond/wetland system . The trickling filter systems could be installed in a small
area comparable to the SBR system selected by HydroScience Engineering. A trickling
filter wetland and or pond/wetland system would require more area than the systems
identified in the Plan, but would be the easiest to operate and maintain and would
require the least amount of energy.

FALL CRE E K
ENGIN EERING, INC.
3. FCE is aware that the community of Pescadero presently does not have an adequate fire
suppression system. FCE recommends that the Plan be revised to consider the reuse of
treated effluent as part of a new fire suppression system for the community. FCE
suggests that a combined fire water and water reclamation storage tank and reclaimed
water distribution system could be installed that would allow treated effluent to be
used in the town for fire protection and to supply local reuse areas.
4. FCE recommends that the Plan be revised to evaluate additional water reuse options, as
previously mentioned, for a variety of uses, including irrigation of the school playfield, as
source water for local nurseries, greenhouses and agricultural fields in close proximity to
the town center.
5. FCE recommends that the Plan be revised to evaluate alternative winter disposal
options, such as installing a subsurface disposal system(s) in the elementary school
playfield and/or other lands adjacent to the town center.
Thank you for the opportunity to assist you and provide our review of the Plan. As you are
aware, FCE is a local engineering firm that specializes in small community water and
wastewater engineering projects. FCE would be happy to provide you and the County of San
Mateo a proposal for services to update the Plan to incorporate the recommendations
presented in this letter.
I have enclosed a copy of our Statement of Qualifications focused on our recent wastewater
engineering projects. If you have any questions or require additional information, please do
not hesitate to contact me at (831) 426-9054.
Principal Engineer
Enclosures

03/09/2010 Page 1
Tuesday, March 9, 2010, 7:30 PM,

1) CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA

2) PUBLIC COMMENT ON ITEMS NOT ON THE AGENDA
3) PRESENTATIONS/ANNOUNCEMENTS
a) Santa Cruz bicycle club asking for support for bike route through Pescadero (5 minutes)
b) Green Jobs, and Jobs Subsidies Presentation by County representatives
4) APPROVAL OF MINUTES OF LAST REGULAR MEETING
5) FINANCIAL REPORT Financial Report- Pattie Brixen
6) CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence from Pescadero Middle School, and others Rodger Reinhart
7) REPORTS FROM CURRENT COMMITTEE CHAIRS
a) Emergency Preparedness CERT Training graduates Lary Lawson
b) Housing Committee geotechnical study, Bolinas field trip, RCAC - Catherine Peery
c) School Board Meeting liaison Don McDermott
d) Environmental Committee meeting report -Jackson
e) Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
f) Communications Committee discussion of Town sign
8) LAND USE COMMITTEE MEETING ALL MEMBERS OF PMAC
a) Sewer System: Recent developments with Public Works, RCAC Catherine Peery
b) Review of Permits (if any)
9) NEW BUSINESS
a) Request for letter of support from Celeste Worden, licensee, KPDO radio station
b) Letter, response to Middle School children
10) OLD BUSINESS -
a) Review, acceptance of revised By-Laws for PMAC
11) Adjournment, Next meeting April 13, 2010, Middle School Students, County Road Spraying
03/09/2010 Page 2
03/09/2010 Page 3
~aunty Manager's Office BOARD OF SUPERVISORS

MARK CHURCH
CAROLE GROOM
RICHARD S. GORDON
ROSE JACOBS GIBSON
ADRIENNE TISSIER
DAVID S. BOESCH
COUNTY OF SAN MATEO COUNTY MANAGER

CLERK OF THE BOARD
COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER REDWOOD CITY CALIFORNIA 94063-1662 (650) 363-4123

WEB PAGE ADDRESS: hllp://www.co.sanmateo.ca.us FAX: (650) 363-1916
Februa1y 11, 2010
Catherine M. Peeiy, Chair

Pescadero Municipal Advisoiy Council (PMAC)
PO Box 249
Pescadero, CA 94060-0249
Subject: A111111a/ Allocatio11for PMAC Operations

Dear Ms. Catherine:
The County Manager's Office has been informed by Supervisor Richard Gordon's Office that PMAC would like
to continue to receive its amrnal appropriated amount of $3 ,000 in one lump sum payment. In order to disburse
the funds in this manner, PMAC will need to once again agree to the following conditions:
1. The PMAC remains an Advisoiy Commission, and has no authority to obligate or to act on behalf of, San
Mateo County.
2. The funds received from San Mateo County need to be placed in a separate bank account, not commingled
with other funds, and we would recommend access only by you and one back up person.
3. The funds need to be spent only for lawful PMAC meeting purposes and accounted for in the following
categories: Printing and Copy Service; Postage and Mailing; Other Office Expense; Meeting Expense; Office
Equipment Rental (if any); and, Telephone Service Charges.
4. At the end of the fiscal year, the PMAC needs to account for all funds spent by submitting to the San Mateo
County Manager, a written report including original receipts and a written reconciliation of the account
including all original bank statements and all original voided and/or cancelled checks.
5. This account and all transactions will be subject to audit by the San Mateo County Controller.
If you accept the terms listed above, please sign and return to my office and a check will be sent to your Council.
Sincerely,
Agreed and Ag ted by the Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council:
. \ ~,X \.Catherinb
'~4vi M. Peeiy, Chair PMAC
David Boesch
County Manager
cc: Honorable Rich Gordon, Supervisor, District 3

Honorable Tom Huening, Co_u nty Controller
Michael Murphy, County Counsel
03/09/2010 Page 4
03/09/2010 Page 5
San Mateo County

Final Report: Results of the Coordinated County Services to Pescadero/South
South Coast Working Group Effort, 2008-2009
The Coordinated County Services to Pescadero/South South-Coast Working Group

(hereafter Working Group) was formed in July 2008 in response to community advocacy
for more County services. In a tough budget climate, the South Coast Working Group
focused on health and social service needs, engaged in a rigorous process and delivered
numerous improvements, described here.
To focus its efforts, the Working Group established the following goals:
Short term: To respond to the needs of the Pescadero, Loma Mar, La Honda,
and San Gregorio (South-South Coast) communities in a coordinated fashion.
Long term: To support and enhance existing community capacity aimed at
population level prevention efforts.
A socio-ecological model was employed to help frame the work of the committee, with
initial meetings analyzing the South Coast communities from the Individual, Interpersonal,
Organizational, Community and Society level, and assessing each for Strengths, Needs,
Barriers, Work in Progress, and Proposed Ideas.
Based on this in-depth exercise along with extensive data gathering from all of the
agencies involved, the Working Group settled on four strategies to try and achieve its short
and long-term goals, as follows:
1. Enhancing awareness of medical and social services issues.
2. Improving access and linkages to resources.
3. Increasing capacity of County and community resources.
4. Bridging the geographic isolation.
The following provides a summary of the progress made by the Working Group in each
of the strategic areas.
Enhancing Awareness of Medical and Social Service Issues
Activity 1-1 Form working group to address the needs of the South Coast.
The Working Group and its ad hoc committees met 11 times from July 2008 until
November 2009 and involved a total of 34 individuals from 16 County and
community based agencies (see Addendum 1).
Activity 1-2 Obtain and share data on scope of medical and social services
needs of the South Coast.
Data was obtained from a variety of sources to cover the following information:
o Births by Zip Code, including percentage on Medi-Cal
o Puente health insurance enrollment
Addendum03/09/2010
2 PACIFICA MEDICAL
SERVICES Page 6
Medical-related services in
CCS Medical
Half Moon Bay Therapy Unit Medical-related services in
Health System Health System - SpecialNeeds Physical San Mateo/Santa Clara
Family Health Services Therapy
SMMC Coastside Clinic
- Pre-3 Team
- AFLP
- Primary Care
- Family Planning
- Field Nursing
- Womens Health Stanford/Lucile
(Referrals)
- Pediatric Clinic
Packard Hospital
Coastside Rotacare Clinic - Nutrition - Births/Delivery
- Urgent Care - Mental Health Services
- Wednesdays, 5-7:30 p.m. - STD Screening & therapy
- @ SMMC Coastside Clinic
Sonrisas Dental Clinic

- 4-5 week waiting list; same
Coastside Family Medical Center
- Caring for Coastside Kids
day urgent/ER appts
- Family Health Program (clinic 2 days/week)
- Just for Teens Clinic (Mon., 5-6:30pm)
Community Health - Immunizations
- Mobile Health Van - Shot Clinics
- Nursing Mothers Program (WIC)
(Wednesday, 9-4 p.m.)
- Parent Education Programs
Medical-related services
in Pescadero
Health System
Family Health Services:
Emergency Medical - Pre-3 Team Community Health
Services/911 - AFLP - Mobile Health Van
- Ambulance services - Field Nursing (Tuesdays, 1-7 p.m.)
(Referrals)
Behavioral Health & SANTA CRUZ MEDICAL
Recovery Services SERVICES
- Mental Health Services
Erwin 12/23/2009
03/09/2010 Page 7
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Robyn Thaw (650) 573-3935

March 9, 2010 San Mateo County Health System
Continued Demand for H1N1 Vaccine Prompts County to Offer Additional Free Clinics
Free H1N1 Flu Vaccine Clinics Extended through March 2010
SAN MATEO, Calif. High turnouts at the Countys free H1N1 flu vaccination clinics in
February has prompted San Mateo County health officials to offer 10 additional free vaccine
clinics now through the end of March. Though the number of new H1N1 cases has dwindled in
recent weeks, flu viruses are always unpredictable, and the County continues its efforts to ensure
the public is protected.
The H1N1 virus is not expected to disappear anytime soon, so it remains important for people to
continue getting vaccinated especially children, pregnant mothers, and individuals with
underlying chronic medical conditions. Children who receive their first dose now may only need
one dose next fall, when flu season ramps up again. It is also important for children under age 10
to get two doses of H1N1 flu vaccine at least three weeks apart because two doses provide
better protection against the H1N1 virus for the less mature immune systems of younger children.
I still encourage everyone to get vaccinated, said Dr. Scott Morrow, Health Officer for San
Mateo County. High numbers of residents taking precautionary measures to get themselves and
their families vaccinated directly contributes to a milder flu season.
H1N1 flu is a vaccine-preventable disease; therefore, the County Health System is urging the
public to get vaccinated now. A flu shot is still the single best defense against the flu, and can help
reduce the spread throughout the community. For individuals in high-risk groups, the vaccine
prevents serious health complications, and in some cases, death. There have been 10 H1N1-related
deaths and 95 hospitalizations in the County since the outbreak began last year.
The H1N1 (swine) flu vaccine is widely available throughout the County, including doctors
offices, retail stores and pharmacies, and free County public vaccination clinics. For a full list,
visit www.smhealth.org/flu/vaccines.
###
_____________________________________________________________________________
Clinic Locations and Times No Appointment Necessary
Half Moon Bay

Wednesday, March 10th 6pm-8pm
Moonridge Mid-Peninsula Housing, 2001 Miramontes Point Rd.
-- MORE --
03/09/2010 Page 8
Menlo Park
Friday, March 12th 11am-12:30pm
St. Anthony's Church, 3500 Middlefield Rd.
San Mateo
Sunday, March 14th, 12pm - 5pm
Martin Luther King Jr. Community Center, 725 Monte Diablo Ave.
Daly City
Saturday, March 20th, 12pm-2pm
Fernando Rivera Middle School, 1255 Southgate Ave.
Half Moon Bay

Sunday, March 21st, 10am - 4pm
Ted Adcock Community Center, 535 Kelly Ave.
South San Francisco

Sunday, March 21st, 10am-4pm
Joseph A. Fernekes Recreation Building, 781 Tennis Dr.
Menlo Park
Tuesday, March 23rd 11am-12:30pm
St. Anthony's Church, 3500 Middlefield Rd.
Pescadero
Thursday, March 25th, 4pm-6pm
Pescadero Community Church, Stage & North St.
East Palo Alto

Saturday, March 27th 10am - 1pm
YMCA, 550 Bell St.
03/09/2010 Page 9
San Mateo County H1N1 Flu

Vaccination Clinics
FREE H1N1 flu vaccine

For all San Mateo County residents 6 months & older
No appointment needed - No I.D. required
Menlo Park
Thursday, March 4th, 11am12:30pm
Friday, March 12th, 11am12:30pm
Tuesday, March 23rd, 11am12:30pm
St. Anthony's Church, Padua Dining Room, 3500 Middlefield Rd.
Redwood City
Saturday, March 6 th, 10am4pm
Fair Oaks Community Center, 2600 Middlefield Road
Half Moon Bay
Wednesday, March 10th, 6pm8pm
Moonridge Mid-Peninsula Housing, 2001 Miramontes Point Rd.
Sunday, March 21st, 10am4pm
Ted Adcock Community Center, 535 Kelly Ave.
San Mateo
Sunday, March 14th, 12pm5pm
Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, 725 Monte Diablo Ave.
Daly City
Saturday, March 20th, 12pm2pm
Fernando Rivera Middle School, 1255 Southgate Ave.
South San Francisco
Sunday, March 21st, 10am4pm
Joseph A. Fernekes Recreation Building, 781 Tennis Dr.
Pescadero
Thursday, March 25th, 4pm6pm
Pescadero Community Church, Stage & North St.
East Palo Alto
Saturday, March 27th, 10am1pm
East Palo Alto YMCA, 550 Bell Street
Flu season is not over. A flu shot is the most important step to
protect against getting the flu.
IMPORTANT: Children under age 10 need two doses of vaccine at least 3 weeks apart
For more information about H1N1 (swine) flu and vaccine updates visit
www.smhealth.org/flu or call the County Flu Hotline at (650) 573-3927.
03/09/2010 Page 10
03/09/2010 Page 11
Strawberry Marin 24
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Stage 3
San Francisco to Santa Cruz Start Time: 11:15 am
Tuesday, May 18, 2010 Total Distance: 113.7 mi./182.9 km
Finish ETA: 3:23-4:04 pm
Presented by
AEG Cycling Revised 2/1/10

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PPRSandKPDOFM:ABriefHistory
March1,2010
PescaderoPublicRadioServicewasfoundedin1994inordertodevelopacommunitybasedradio
stationforPescaderoandoutlyingcommunities.In2003,weweregrantedourlicense.Thisisourstory.
Intheacademicschoolyearof19931994Iwashiredasalongtermsubstituteteacherforthelanguage
artsstudentsofPescaderoMiddleSchool.Havingonlyasubstitutecredentialandnofulltimeclassroom
experienceworkingwiththeCaliforniastandards,Iwashavinggreatdifficultygettingmystudentsto
writeeventhemostbasicassignments.Atthattime,PMS(anunfortunatemonogramtobeginwith)was
dividedintoMagnetstudents,andeveryoneelse.Therewasasubtleresentmentofthestatusquoby
thekidsbelongingtotheeveryoneelsecategory,andrightfullyso.Byvirtueofaquestionabletest,or
thedemandsofsomeparticularlynoisyparents,halfthestudentswerepulledoutformoreadvanced
studiesbylongtermmiddleschoolteacher,Ms.Short,aformidableandexemplaryteacher.Iwasgiven
therest,andtheywerehavingnoneofit.
Westruggledwithantiquatedtextbooksanddatedworksheetsforalmosttwoweeks,whiletheMagnet
studentsnextdoorwerestudyingliterarygiantsandtheclassics.AdaycamewhenIknewIhadtocome
upwithsomethingorlosemytenuouscontroloverthesituationanddescendintoanarchy.Onasunny
afternoon,whiledrivingacrosstheSanMateobridgewithmysonMatt,himselfamagnetstudent,we
foughtasusualovertheradiodial:IwantedtolistentoNPRandhewasdeterminedtolistentothenew
formatonKSAN:Rap.
Rapwasnew.Rapwashot.Rapwasalloverthedial.TheRaprevolutionhadhappenedsoquickly,we
adults,whofounditoffensiveanddecidedlynonmusical,foundourselvesarguingdailyoverwhatthe
kidswerelisteningtoandtheeffectitwashavingontheirvocabulary.Themoreweprotested,themore
enticingthemusicbecame,sothatsoonthekidswouldlistentonothingelse.
Aswetoppedtheriseofthebridge,theBayclearoffoginthedistance,mysonandIliterallyfighting
overthepushbuttonradiocontrols,Ihadanepiphany:ifthisiswhattheywant,evenmyownliterate
andintelligentson,thenIwouldfindawaytomakeitworkformeinmyclassroom.
Ihadworkedinradioasayoungwomanmanyyearsbefore,cuttingmyteethatKTYDFMinSanta
Barbara,andlateratvariousstationsupanddownthestateofCalifornia,evenasfarasReno,Nevada.
Teachingwasactuallyanewcareerpathforme,havinglearnedtheappallingfactthatTruthwasinthe
eyeoftheadvertiser.Forsomereason,IthoughtTruthmightbebetterservedintheschools,butI
havesincebeendisabusedofthatnavenotion.
AblastoflighthitmeandIheardaloudHosannah,myhomiegouparoundme.Wewouldmakea
mockstation,completewithstationstaffing,programhour,DJs,salescreatures,theworks.Thekids
woulddeveloptheirprogramphilosophy,targetmarket,writecopy,selectmusic,determineadvertising
pricesandguidelines:theworks,justlikerealpeople.
03/09/2010 Page 20
Ifloatedtheidea,stillunfoldinginmymind,tomysonaswedrove.Hewasimmediatelyexcitedand
wantedtojoinin.Thencameamostinterestingmoment:No,Matt,itsonlyformyclass,notthe
MagnetstudentsunlessMs.Shortwantstodoitwithme,whichIhighlydoubt.Hewascrushed.
IknewIhadahitandsetaboutwritingdownasmanyofthedetailsasIcouldimagineforMondays
presentationtotheclass.Andtheywentforit,lockstockandmicrophone.Webeganimmediately:I
dividedtheclassaccordingtotheirinterestsintoProgramming,Sales,andTechnicalstaff.Theychosea
StationManager,whotookhimselfveryseriouslyrightoutthegate.Ioutlinedtheconceptofa
programhour:wehadtodecidehowmanyminutesweredevotedtomusic,newsandadvertising.
ThenIstoodbackandwatchedtheclassicbattlebegin.
Itwashilarious!Saleswanted30minutes,andProgrammingwanted50minutes.Theywentbackand
forth,untiltheManagerhadtojumpintostopafight.Theyarguedoverminutesvs.pricing:ifthey
neededahypotheticalbudget,thentheyhadtohavesomanyminutesofads.Orelsetheyhadtobump
upthepriceofads,butwhowasgoingtopaythatkindofmoney?Well,thengetoutthereandsell!It
wasclassic!Intheend,wecompromised(IsayweasImalwaysonthesideofmoremusic,lessads!)
andthehourwasdivided40/20music/ads.
NowProgramminghadtodecidewhattheyweregoingtoplay.Pescaderoisamostlyruralcommunity
withalargeHispanicpopulation,hencethebilingualemphasisofourprogramming.Buttherewasthe
Rapthing,andthentheCountrything,andtherewereafewAlternativeRockersandMetalHeadsin
thegroupaswell.Thebattleovergenrewaslegendary.Ihadtojumpinthistime,ortherewouldhave
beenafistfight.Saleslookedonwarily:theyrealizedtheyhadtosellwhateverformatProgramming
cameupwith.
Thistugofwarlastedfordays.Itwasntuntilthesecondweekthatweactuallyarrivedatavarietyof
compromises,andafewstrokesofgenius,thatallowedustogetdowntobusiness:writingcopy.
Remember,thisisaLanguageArtsproject,whichmeanswehavetowrite.
Westudiedcommercialsonourfavoritestationsfordays,broughtinexamplesofadswedheardonthe
radio,anddevelopedTrafficlogsfromstationswefeltwereinkeepingwithour40/20split.Trafficlogs:
minutebyminutelistsofwhatadsareplayedwhen.Weidentifiedlegalrequirementsfortopofthe
hourstationidsandPSAs(PublicServiceAnnouncements),mandatedbytheFCC.
Thenwebegantoidentifywhatmadeagood,i.e.memorableandeffective,advs.onethatwas
forgettable,orworse,atuneoutfactor.Weargued(andthisIcouldntquitebelieve)aboutwhetheror
nottohavemilitaryads!Wediscussedtheadvantagesof30secondvs.60secondads,andeventhe
effectivenessof15seconds.
Thentherealworkbegan:kidshadtostartwritingtheirowncopy,firstforaproducttheyliked,then
oneforthemselves,andoneforafriend.Thesewerepriceless,andintegratedthestationstaffmore
thanIhadimagined.Finally,havingfiguredoutwhatmadeanadtick,theyweregivenahomework
assignmentthatlastedaweek:talktonolessthan5localbusinesses,findoutwhattheywouldwantfor
03/09/2010 Page 21
anad,andwriteitindraftsuntilitshines,inbothEnglishandSpanish.Afterrevisionsinclass,takeit
backtothebusinessandclearit.Ifitclears,itsanA.Ifnot,anF:thatsrealworld.
NowcamethebiggestcarrotIcouldhavefound.ImadeaphonecallonedaytoayoungHispanicjockey
atthebiggestRapstationintheBayArea,ChuiGomez,knowingthathewastheclosestthingtoa
Heromystudentshad.Relayingtheeventsofthepastfewweeks,andmyhistoryinradio,Ibegged
himtocomeallthewaytoPescaderoandlistentothekidswork.Heagreed,withouthesitation,and
earnedmyeternalgratitudeandrespect.
ThenextdayIgatheredthestationinameetingandgavethemthenews.Theycameunglued!They
jumpedupanddown,whoopedandhollereduntilanemissaryfromtheMagnetclassnextdoorwas
senttoquietusdown.Talkaboutbraggingrights.Youhaveneverseensuchstruttingaswentonthat
day,andfordaysafter.ItactuallycreatedaproblembetweentheMagnetstudentsandmine,which
wasunfortunate,butanecessarybreakthroughformydumbstudents.Itwasalsoaheadsupforthe
administrationtoseewhattheunintendedconsequencesofaMagnetclassinsuchasmallschoolledto.
Aboutthistime,mytendencytospeaktruthtopowergotmeunhired.Afteraparticularlymalevolent
studentthreatenedmephysicallyinanotherclass,Idemandedhissuspension.Iwasrebukedandtold
thesheriffneededhiminschoolorhedbeoutbreakingintohouses,again.I,bothteacherandmother,
wroteafuriouslettertotheSchoolBoarddemandingaction.Igotit:thefundingformypositionhad
mysteriouslyevaporated,andtherewouldbeashufflingofexistingstafftocovermyremoval.Clearly,
asasubandanovice,Ihadstuckmyneckout,andtheswordwasswinging.
Well,Illbedamned,Ithought.Butthekidswentnuts.Theywrotelettersandthreatenedtostrike.
SeemedIdgiventhemareasontobeinschool,andareasontofightforthemselves.AsfarasIcould
tell,Ihadbeenwildlysuccessful,andbeingfiredonlyprovedit.MyhusbandthoughtIwasanidiot,we
neededthemoney.Ifoundawaitressingjobandgotonwithlife.Butthestorywasntover.
Theadministration,receivingquestioninglettersfrommystudentsfamilies,realizedtheyhadmadea
criticalmistake.Thedistricthadatthattimeduelsuperintendentswhosecombinedsalarieswerent
sustainablegiventhebudgetshortagestheywereexperiencingeventhen.Questionswerearisingover
budgetshufflingandthepurchaseofanunnecessaryschoolvaninspiteofthelackofadequatebooks
andmaterials.TheRadioProjecthadbecomepopularandwellknown.Thingsweregettingsticky.I
suggestedyetanothercompromise:letmecomebackfor3daystofinish,letushaveourvisitfromChui
Gomezandourparty,andIllgoquietlyintothenight.Itwasagreed.
Wehadcopy,aplaylistwiththecdsalreadyinplace,wehadwrittentransitionsandannouncements,
wehadabudgetcompletelydevelopedandbeingadheredto,andallweneededwastwodaysof
practiceandwewerereadytoroll.Wehadnoequipmentexceptarudimentarymicrophone,andtwo
boomboxes:ourplanwastorecordtheentirehourinonetake.Wehadnootherchoice.Wehadno
realbudget,norealequipment,noaccesstoastationwithoutanactofatleastseveralgods,andno
timeleft.Wewentforit.
03/09/2010 Page 22
Ourclasswastheoldbandroom.Therewasastageatoneendfilledwithjunk,andunderitanentire
orchestraofinstrumentswediscoveredonedaybutthatisanotherstory.
Wesetupthestagewiththemicrophoneandadesk,goteverybodylinedup,stackedthecdsinorder
nexttotheboomboxandgotreadytoroll:WelcometoKLASFM,FreeRadioPescadero!
Theydidit!Theyrecordedanentirehourofliveradiowithoutasingleglitch.Itwasathingofbeauty.I
wascrying.Theyweresoproudofthemselvesandeachother.Aswewrappedupandsignedoff,they
lookedaroundinshockandthenwentcrazy.Minuteslater,theemissaryreturnedtoremindusthatthis
wasactuallyaschool,afterallandhowdiditgo??
Aweeklater,Ireturnedforonelastsession.Iarrivedat8:00amwithdonutsandjuice.Thekidswere
dressedintheirbestclothes,andwerestrikinglyquietforachange.ChuiGomezwasexpectedwithin
thenext15minutes.Theywereasnervousasnewlyweds.Whenhearrived,theycouldntevenspeak,
butjuststaredasthisstar,this30something,scruffyfaced,roundbelliedhomeboywhohaddriven
morethan2hourstolistentotheirradiobroadcast.
Andhedid.Helistenedwithoutinterruptingforthefirst20minutes,thenstoppedthetape.
Whowrotethiscopy,heasked.
Ipointedtothekids,lookingstrangelytonguetied.
Helookedatthemandaskedagain,Whowrotethiscopy?
Theydid,thestudents,Ianswered,proudly.
Hepaused,lookingfrommetothem,andfinallysaid,ThatssomeofthebestcopywritingIveever
heard.
Iswear,anuclearbombcouldhavegoneoffandtheywouldnthavebudged.
Isaid,Couldyousaythatonemoretime
ThatssomeofthebestcopywritingIveeverheard,
Ilookedatthekids.Theylookedatthefloor.Ladiesandgentlemen,youvejustbeencomplimentedby
aprofessionalradiopersonalityonyourwriting.Congratulations!
Chuilookedaroundandtookinthistableau,andthensaid,Canweheartherest?
WewereSUCCESS!
TimewentbyandIfoundotherwork,buttheimpacttheRadioProjecthadhadonthekidskeptnagging
atme.Finally,Ihadanotherepiphany:whynotmakeaRealRadioStationinPescaderoforthekidsand
everybodyelse?IrememberedmyoldradiofriendfromMonterey,DonMussel,FirstClassradio
03/09/2010 Page 23
engineer,anddecidedtolookhimup.Itturnedouthewas45minutesawayinBonnieDoon.We
chattedonthephoneandIaskedhimifitwouldbefeasibletostartastation.Hedidalittlechecking,
andfoundoutthattherewasafrequencyavailable,bysomemiracle,inexactlyourarea.Notonlythat,,
butmyconceptwouldsatisfytheFCCintermsofanunderservedpopulation.Allweneededwasanon
profittoapplyforthelicense,andwewereonourway.Itwasinfact,Donsbusinesstoputnon
commercialcommunitystationsontheair.Whatluck!
Andthatisexactlywhatwedid:PescaderoPublicRadioServicewasfoundedbymyself,myhusband
Don,andanewteacherattheschool,DarwinHorn.Ittookayearformetogetmyacttogether,but
finallywegotourCalifornianonprofitstatus,andDonMusselbegantheunbelievablylongprocessof
applyingforourlicense.DuringtheyearsthattheappwounditswaythroughthebowelsoftheFCC,
Darwincameandwent,asdidotherboardmembers,andone,CarolCady,diedattooyounganage.By
nowitwas1999,andIwasthemotherofanewdaughter,andsoontobedivorced.Thestationwasthe
lastthingonmymind,butIkeptitgoingwithDonMusselsconstanthelp.
Andtheyears,theygoby.Clinton,GeorgeW.,newfacesattheFCC,ClearChannel,9/11Idbegunthe
credentialprogramatChicoStatein2003whenIgottheexcitednewsfromDonMusselthattheFCC
hadFinallygrantedourlicense,andKPDOFMwasfreetogoontheair.
Soforthenextfewyearswekeptthedreamalivebyfilingsandintermittent24hrbroadcasts,almost
soldthestationtoKQED,almosthandeditovertoKZSC,almostlostittothreatsfrompartieswhostand
tomakeagreatdealofmoneyifKPDOdies,butstillwehungon,hopingthatonedaywewouldeither
gobackandgetitgoingorfindsomeonetotakeitoverandmakethedreamcometrue.
November,2009,DonMusseltellsmehehasayoungman,DanielRoberts,aBayArearadiophile,who
wouldliketotakethestationover.Atthesametime,alocalfromPescaderomakesitknownhewould
liketotaketheprojecttofruition.TheBoardofPPRS,consistingofmyyoungersonDan,formerlyaPMS
studentnowworkingonhisBSinOregon,andhislongtimepartnerCara,hadtomakeadifficult
decision:turnthisovertoalongtimePeskyresidentwithalengthyhistoryinradio,orayoungupstart
fromtheBayAreawiththeskinnypantsandmetrohairdo.
OnFebruary23,2010,inanemergencymeetingofthePPRSboard,DanielRobertsofPirateCatRadio
wasofferedthenewlycreatedboardpositionofStationManagerforKPDO.Hisworkinthecommunity
togarnerlettersofsupportforhisbid,andthedevelopmentofathoroughProgramoverviewtaking
intoconsiderationthebestinterestsofthestudentsandHispaniccommunitiesofPescaderowonour
trustandsupport.
Therestwillbehistory.Ilookforwardtothesuccessfulfloweringofalifelongdream:astationthatgives
purposeandvoicetotheyouthofPescaderoandbeyond,thatsupportsthemigrantworkerswhotoilin
thefieldsofCaliforniascoastlineandforwhomradioisavitallifeline,andthatprovidesaccesstothe
peopleofPescaderotoacommunitybuildingmediumofexchangeforthefreeflowofideasand
culture.
Thankyouallwhomadethishappen:Longlivefreeradio!
03/09/2010 Page 24
03/09/2010 Page 25
PMACEnvironmentalCommittee
March2010

TMDLDevelopmentMikeNapolitanorecentlyreplacedJill
MarshallattheRegionalWaterQualityControlBoardtheirstudy
willlookintothenaturalandhumaninducedcausesof
sedimentation,whetherornotandwhereitisharmingfish,and
whetherornotreasonableeffortstocontrolexcessive
sedimentationarefeasible.DevelopmentoftheTMDLwilltake
years.
Kellyxsubmittedaplaceholderrequestforfundstodevelop
designstocontroltheflooding.Shenotedthatmarshrestoration
andfloodcontrolwouldlikelyhavedifferentsourcesoffunding
Inherrequest,shealsoaskedforfundstohelpformaWatershed
Council.Thiswouldbealongterm,ongoingwayforthosewhoare
interestedtostayinformedaboutthevariouseffortsandprovide
continuousinputaboutourresourcepriorities.
Thegroupdiscussedwatershedplans.Onewascompletedforthe
PilarcitoswatershedandoneforSanGregorioisalmostfinished.
JoannefromStateParksisleadingahikethroughthemarsh
WednesdayMarch10afterournoonenvironmentalcommittee
meetingatDuartes.
BillCookhassummarizedwhathefeelsaresomeoftheproblems
andpotentialsolutionsfortheshortandlongterm.
FortheAgendanextmonth,IthinkweshouldreviewBillCooks
recentsummary,PescaderoMarshRestorationandFloodControl
Projectandconsiderwhatchanges,ifany,couldbemadetoearna
letterofsupportfromPMAC.
JakeBowmanGreenJobsJimJacquezworkingwithJake.
03/09/2010 Page 26
Pescadero Marsh Restoration and Flood Control Project
Problem: The Pescadero Marsh has been modified by levees, ditches, beaver dams
(introduced in 1938 - not native), the effects of historic man made sediment input upstream
(man made sediment production upstream has been addressed), roads built across the
floodplains, and other hydrologic blockages of the natural flow of water. These modifications
have filled Butano Creek to the top with sediment (previously a 100 foot wide by 1O+foot deep
channel) and completely diverted Butano Creek into the Butano Marshes approximately one-
quarter mile down stream from the Pescadero Road bridge. These blockages have created a
completely-unnatural and chronic flooding of the main road access for the town and adjacent
private property
They have severely decreased the overall health of the Pescadero Marsh... most notably
illustrated by the annual death by suffocation of the best of the young steelhead trout
produced in the entire watershed each and every year.
Goal: To restore the natural hydrology, improve the health of the Pescadero Marsh and
decrease, the chronic unnatural flooding using the 1854 U.S. Geodetic Survey Map as our
guide b/taking the following actions:v ~~ ~!!)
Moving the low spot in the road to the location of the current bridge (by raising the
road profile on either side of the bridge on both Pescadero and Bean Hollow Roads)
Filling/damming the man-made ditches that provide the toxic water that kills the young
steelhead each year (using material from the levees) This process is probably
underway naturally due to the relocation of Butano Creek into the Butano Marshes, the
area where the man-made ditches are located. They are now being flushed 24 hours a
day by the new flow introduced into the area, and the sediment in the new flow is
undoubtedly being deposited into the ditches and the area as well. This may have a
very positive impact on reducing the fish kill when the mouth opens.
Re-connecting the channel to its primary and secondary flood plains (through levee
removal/modification)
Clearing the creek in the area of the Pescadero Road Bridge -50 feet upstream and
downstream and maintaining that opening. This will maximize the flow capacity of the
bridge and intercept sediment before it enters the lower creek channel and the Butano
Marshes.
Creating a~~Qillway/breach in the Pescadero Creek levee just below the 90 degree turn
at the~~Qf Watertane,on State Park property. This will significantly reduce the
floodinginmajOr'eventsTn)he downtown area of Pescadero. In past major events
(1984 and 1998) when the levee broke the flooding in the downtown area immediately
receded. This would also be a natural restoration and reconnection of Pescadero
Creek to its floodplain. The private property on Water Lane would need to be protected
by a short levee.
03/09/2010 Page 27
Pac ific
n ce1m
Primary Flood Plain: Green

Secondar) Flood Plain: Yellow
Phiiic Willi.ams & A.ssociata. Ltd. Pescadero Marsh, as mapped by the U.S. Coast Survey FlGURE:
~it.ant'! :tJ ~V'Ct"OtiCX!:I
in 1854. Stippling indicates wetland . 3-1
Pescadero Marsh Map of 1854

5
03/09/2010 Page 28
[=1 Levee, Road & Fire Station Fill
Butano Creek
.. Primary Flood Plain
[=1 Secondary Flood Plain
[=1 Breaks Cut in Levees
\'O
~o
,~
,,
8 .,,
0 \\
,, ......
\~
, , '4
l
J' f!l
CDF Fire Station and Fill

:ri-ilJ ci
~
f~cM~-WL
Pescadero Marsh Diagram - January 2001
Cross-Sections of Creek at Pescadero Bridge
03/09/2010
16
15
14 {?
13 TOP OF BRIDGE (13' NGVD)
12
11 UNDERfilQE OF BRIDGE (11' NGVD)
10
c 9
>
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z 8
s::: 7
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Page 29
Horizontal Dista
~~-' --~
1854 U.S. COAST SURVEY

COOK -APRIL 21, 1999 DAWDY 1987
BRIDGE AS BUILT 1961 COOK -JANUARY 10, 2001
- C.OoK- f.J4.A~'{ 'l..0\0
03/09/2010 Page 30
03/09/2010 Page 31
03/09/2010 Page 32
CSA 11 Actual FY2006-07 Actual FY2007-08 Actual FY2008-09 Adopted FY09-10
1521 Interest Earned 5,235.46 4,450.56 (3,143.16) 1,800.00

1500 Use of Money and Property 5,235.46 4,450.56 (3,143.16) 1,800.00
2063 Returned Check Charges 25.00

2424 Connection Charges
2436 Surcharges & Penalties 1,800.00 1,740.00 1,600.00
2437 Water Sales 41,951.68 43,422.00 42,405.16 40,000.00
2438 Water Service Charges 50.00 100.00
2439 Other Special Charges 35.00
2000 Charges for Services 43,836.68 45,162.00 44,130.16 40,000.00
2632 Sale of Surplus & Salvage 77.06 231.00

2600 Miscellaneous Revenue 77.06 231.00
TOTREV Total Revenue 49,072.14 49,689.62 41,218.00 41,800.00

333 Fund Balance * 151,396.00 129,509.85 111,888.00 59,778.00
TOTSRC TOTAL SOURCES 200,468.14 179,199.47 153,106.00 101,578.00
5184 Refund - Prior Year Revenue 35.00

5191 Outside Printing & Copy Svc 646.06
5194 Books, Manuals, & Literature
5197 Postage & Mailing Expense 48.18
5215 Software License/Maint Expense 3,062.50 3,062.50 3,300.00
5231 Maintenance Tools & Equipment 117.40 573.26
5428 Misc Repairs & Maintenance 1,204.28 1,000.00
5435 Concrete, Tile & Masonry Exp 16.38
5438 Plumbing & Piping Expense 962.33 243.63 950.00
5439 Paint, Solvents & Chemicals
5445 General Electrical Expense
5449 Motor, Pump & Generator Maint
5455 Other General Maintenance Exp
5456 Water Systems Maintenance 722.24 1,050.00
5459 Misc Other Maintenance Expense
5631 Electric & Gas Utilities 6,663.95 7,130.15 6,050.66 7,700.00
5722 Misc Employee Exp Reimbursemnt 9.28
5826 Contract Laboratory Services 731.00 1,946.25 990.50 2,000.00
5849 Contract Inspection & Testing 5,462.00 1,892.00 836.00 5,000.00
5851 Contract Construction 5,857.00
5861 PW - Engineering Services 23,100.67 24,511.37 33,446.40 25,000.00
5872 In-House Admin & Acctg Service 2,880.26 7,537.64 5,722.69 7,500.00
5955 Registration & Filing Fees 400.00
5963 Other Marina Operating Expense 181.71
5969 Other Special Dept Expense 794.89 471.98 1,364.29 1,000.00
5000 Services and Supplies 50,469.05 46,635.07 51,170.33 54,900.00
6322 Retirement of Long Term Debt 16,615.35 17,173.73 17,769.80 18,361.00

6332 Interest on Long Term Debt 3,860.69 3,302.31 2,706.24 2,108.00
6722 Copy Center Charges 12.73
6813 Uncollectible Accounts 200.60 150.08
6817 Depreciation - Water & Sewer 21,531.85 21,531.85 21,531.85
6000 Other Charges 42,020.62 42,208.49 42,157.97 20,469.00
GRSAPP Gross Appropriations 92,489.67 88,843.56 93,328.30 75,369.00
NETAPP Net Appropriations 92,489.67 88,843.56 93,328.30 75,369.00

8611 Appropriation for Contingency 107,978.00 90,356.00 59,778.00 26,209.00
8612 Departmental Reserves
8500 Contingencies/Dept Reserves 107,978.00 90,356.00 59,778.00 26,209.00
TOTREQ TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 200,467.67 179,199.56 153,106.30 101,578.00
* For FY 2006-07 to 2008-09, fund balance amount equal to the sum of Line Items 8500 & 6817 (Contingencies/Dept Reserves plus Depreciation-Water & Sewer) from prior fiscal year.
03/09/2010 Page 33
Pescadero Lighting District Actual FY2006-07 Actual FY2007-08 Actual FY2008-09 Adopted FY09-10
1021 Current Yr Secured 7,001.42 8,212.64 8,711.92 6,578.00

1027 ERAF III Shift
1031 Current Yr Unsecured 410.62 472.67 514.04 402.00
1033 Prior Yr Unsecured (25.93) (3.14) (17.10)
1041 CY SB 813 Secured Supplemental 246.28 252.94 203.90
1042 CY SB 813 Unsec Supplemental 7.83 2.94
1043 PY SB 813 Redemption 8.32 5.63 26.72
1045 PY SB 813 Unscured Supplemntal 1.39 0.86
1046 Non-Departmental ERAF Rebate 3,384.00 3,997.00 4,511.00
1000 Taxes 11,026.10 12,945.57 13,954.28 6,980.00
1521 Interest Earned 5,164.36 5,448.86 (4,456.88) 3,656.00

1500 Use of Money and Property 5,164.36 5,448.86 (4,456.88) 3,656.00
1831 Homeowners Property Tax Relief 54.94 59.18 57.18 46.00

1600 Intergovernmental Revenues 54.94 59.18 57.18 46.00
2657 PG&E Rebates 43.35

2600 Miscellaneous Revenue 43.35
TOTREV Total Revenue 16,245.40 18,453.61 9,597.93 10,682.00

333 Fund Balance 114,049.00 125,983.00 140,867.00 145,862.00
TOTSRC TOTAL SOURCES 130,294.40 144,436.61 150,464.93 156,544.00
5428 Misc Repairs & Maintenance 2,117.39 931.59 2,327.69 3,400.00

5441 Lighting & Fixtures Expense 1,200.00
5631 Electric & Gas Utilities 1,348.95 1,458.85 1,256.67 2,700.00
5861 PW - Engineering Services 816.39 1,141.51 966.85 1,500.00
5872 In-House Admin & Acctg Service 100.00
5969 Other Special Dept Expense 28.14 37.41 52.24 500.00
5000 Services and Supplies 4,310.87 3,569.36 4,603.45 9,400.00
6819 Depreciation - Lighting

6000 Other Charges
GRSAPP Gross Appropriations 4,310.87 3,569.36 4,603.45 9,400.00
NETAPP Net Appropriations 4,310.87 3,569.36 4,603.45 9,400.00

8611 Appropriation for Contingency 125,983.00 140,867.00 145,862.00 147,144.00
8612 Departmental Reserves
8500 Contingencies/Dept Reserves 125,983.00 140,867.00 145,862.00 147,144.00
TOTREQ TOTAL REQUIREMENTS 130,293.87 144,436.36 150,465.45 156,544.00

PMAC Handouts 4-13-2010 Page 1
Tuesday, April 13, 2010, 7:30 PM,

1) CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA

2) PUBLIC COMMENT ON ITEMS NOT ON THE AGENDA
3) PRESENTATIONS/ANNOUNCEMENTS
a) Middle School Students Q&A
4) APPROVAL OF MINUTES OF LAST REGULAR MEETING
5) FINANCIAL REPORT Financial Report- Pattie Brixen
6) CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence Rodger Reinhart
7) REPORTS FROM CURRENT COMMITTEE CHAIRS
a) Ad Hoc Town Sign Committee Shannon Webb
b) Housing Committee geotechnical study results are in - Catherine Peery
c) School Board Meeting liaison Don McDermott
d) Emergency Preparedness no report
e) Environmental Committee meeting report -Jackson Robertson
f) Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
g) Communications Committee Rob Skinner
8) LAND USE COMMITTEE MEETING ALL MEMBERS OF PMAC
a) Sewer System: Recent developments with Public Works, RCAC Catherine Peery
b) Review of Permits if any
9) NEW BUSINESS
a) Letter of appreciation for early roadside mowing in Pescadero.
10) OLD BUSINESS
11) Adjournment , Next meeting May 11, 2010, County Road Spraying (postponed from prior mtg)
April 7, 2010
County of San Mateo

Human Services Agency
Attention: Becky K. Arredondo
2500 Middlefield Road
Redwood City, CA 94063
Dear Ms. Arredondo,
I am delighted to write this letter of unqualified and strong support for

Puente de la Costa Sur. In my role as Chair of the Pescadero Municipal
Advisory Committee, I have had the opportunity to work directly with the
staff and board at Puente and to experience the importance of their work to
our community. As a grandmother of two small children, Ive also seen
firsthand the benefits of their programs for mothers and their children.

Puente de la Costa Sur brings together residents of Pescadero, La Honda,
Loma Mar and San Gregorio. Their work with families, especially those
with children 0-5, is essential to the health of our greater community. Their
work with Anglo and Latino families provides an important community
bridge that strengthens and sustains our region.

The Puente staff is innovative and creative, and determined to provide first-
rate services to all the residents of our region. They are trusted and respected
by our community for their hard work and dedication.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if I can provide additional information
about Puente or its work in the community.
Warm regards,

From: Steve Simms

To: cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org;
Subject: CSA 11 WELL
Date: Friday, April 09, 2010 6:03:33 PM
Catherine,
I talked with P/W director Jim Porter, and he referred me to Mark Chow who is
handling the well monitoring. I left a message on his voice mail to return a call to
me. My concerns are:
1) Verification of well failure. We helped (pro bono) with once a month

monitoring from 9-22-02 thru 11-23-05 we recorded a drop in standing water
level of only 1-4, these were not heavy winter years. I would request current
standing water at this date to compare to our last known recorded reading.
2) We currently have the best quality of water of any well I am aware of on
the coast. Drilling a new well is a crap shoot. Going deeper or in another
location may lead to water heavy in minerals and salts, as are commonly
present in most coastal wells.
3) $500,000 is a lot of money. Show me estimates to justify this
expenditure.
Steve
From: Wolf Hillesheim

Sent: Tuesday, March 09, 2010 6:51 PM
To: cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org
Cc: JIM GIRAND; Deborah Lozano
Subject: May 8
May 8th
We would like to have a duathlon starting at the High school.
I have permission form the school and signed a contract with them using the Junior High school
parking lot,gym and bathrooms.
Along with that i am contributing $300.00 to the senior class for exchange of 6-8 people helping
at the event.
I am applying for permit with he San Mateo county ,and other services.
We have booked all the rooms and the cottage at the PESCADERO CREEK INN.
Our plan is as follows.
Friday May 7 the,set up bike racks at the Junior high school parking lot,
The following morning the race will start on front of the High school run around the country block
2.1 miles,jump on the bike and make a left on Cloverdale follow Cloverdale to Gazos creek road
till we get to Hwy 1 and then all the way to Pescadero road back through town and then make a
right on Butano Cut off rd.to the high school.
We will be spread out on the bike,there is no drafting on the bike.The racers should be done by
!11:30 am latest.
We expect people from the Bay area and maybe a total of 150 competitors at the most.
I am asking for your permission to have this event .
Thank you
Wolf Hillesheim
WWW.WOLFPACKEVENTS.COM
May 8th 2010 Du.athlon

Wolfpackevents
Catherine Peery
After many hoUIS of dealing with the mwiicipa1ities, finally getting the o.k. From the San
Mateo county to have the d.1.lathlon May the glhttilOW Cal Trans is in the picture and there
is no way we can afford their requirements.. Since part of the race is on Hwy 1~ Cabrillo
hvvy the extra PoJice and co~ off 3 miles of Hwy is not pmctfole or affordable for the
small venue we were planning on having.
So sad to say we will not be able to have our Duathlon at you nice city and friendly
atmosphere.
We are however going to spend Friday night at Peseadero Creek inn
So please take me off YQUt:' calendar for your next meeting.
Thank you for ALL your time,
Pescadero Municipal
I
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March 23, 2010
Ms, Carina Cain

c/o Ms, Pat Talbot
Pescadero Middle School
350 Butano Cut-Off
Pescadero, CA 94060
Re: Your Letter to PMAC
Dear Carina,
Many thanks for your recent Jetter to the Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council
and your suggestion for establishing a library in the Pescadero/La Honda area, I agree
with you 100% that a local library could bring a number of wonderful benefits to the area
and be a source of inspiration to children and adults alike, Reading and the world that
books can open up for individuals is a wonderful objective and would certainly be a
tremendous addition to the community, We appreciate the other possible benefits you
outlined in your well-written and creative letter and your observations about how a local
library could substantially improve our community,
Unfortunately, PMAC has very limited funding and establishing a new library is
beyond the scope of what we can accomplish ourselves. However, we can certainly
recommend your suggestion to the town and the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors
and try to come up with creative fundraising ideas.
Thank you for your suggestions and your efforts to improve our local community!
Yours truly
~ 1.ozL-
David K Lee, Member
cc: Ms, Pat Talbot

PMAC Members
PO Box 249 Pescadero CA 94060 www,pescaderocounciLorg

Pescadero Municipal Advisonr

Council ,t
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29 March 2010
Danna Gonz.alez
c/o Pat Talbot's Class
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero, CA 94060
Dear Danna:
I read with great interest the suggestions you and your classmates put forward. You all should be
congratulated, they were all well done.
My guess is your teacher wanted you to learn something about the democratic process of change.
In this case you and your classmates took the first three and perhaps most important steps;
1. Identify a need, problem or opportunity.
2. Make a suggestion for change.
3. Deliver your suggestion (s) fo r review and consideration.
Considering the scope of your assignment you were successfu_l. But change does not come quite
so easily. Getting something like your ice skating rink built is a very involved process that would
most probably take years and cost millions of dollars. Further this being a community project it
would need to be prioritized and accorded a level of importance and urgency. You might say
what's more important that the lives of the children in our community and I tend to agree. But
taken in the grand scheme of things for Pescadero where would your suggestion rank among the
following:
Providing clean safe drinking water for the community
Control flooding
Build affordable housing
These are just three projects currently being discussed.
You've taken the first important steps. That's wonderful. Perhaps the next part of your
assignment will be for your teacher to show you how to debate your ideas and come up with one
unified suggestion, one that you and your classmates could support. I for one would be very
interested in seeing that result.
A word about PMAC: We are an unfunded advisory committee. What that means is PMAC can
only make recommendations and/or support a project submitted to the San Mateo County Board
of Supervisors. Perhaps it would be a good idea for you and your classmates to attend one of our
meetings to learn more about PMAC and our community.
PO Box 249 Pescadero CA 94060 www.pescaderocouncil.org

Christobal Cruz
P.O. Box 249
Pescadero, CA 94060
March, 25, 2010
Hi Christobal,
Thank you for your thoughtfully composed letter. You and your classmates have done an
excellent job of instigating an important conversation among us PMAC board members. And I
hardily agree, a recreation center as you suggest would be wonderful addition to our town.
Youve also done a very good job of outlining the obstacles to opening a rec center in
Pescadero. Unfortunately there are a couple more challenges. (Sorry!) Without getting into
too long description Id like to explain what hinders our building the awesome center you
propose:
First we have a difficult time building in Pescadero because we dont have an adequate water
system for meeting our states fire requirements. We need a larger pipe bringing water to
town. And second, we need to improve our waste disposal system. Both of these are
significant challenges for a small, rural community like ours to meet.
Also you should also know that PMAC does not have the say or the money to build a building
as you suggest. Rather we are a group of community members whos job it is to make
recommendations from our community to the Board of Supervisors of San Mateo County.
But the good news is there are a number of people on PMAC and in the community who are
working on these problems so we can build some of the excellent things you and your fellow
classmates have suggested. Personally I do think we will get these basic difficulties addressed
but it will take some time, unfortunately.
Sorry for the long-winded explanation Christobal. Thanks again for taking the time to write
to us -- I think your idea would we an awesome addition to our town.
Best,
Kate Haas
PMAC Board Member
CC: Pat Talbots class

Pesccidern I'v1unicipal Advisory Council,

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March 23, 2010
Lupe Marcelo
c/o Pat Talbot's Class
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero, CA 94060
Dear Lupe,
Thank you for sharing your idea with PMAC and the community. A park is a great idea,
and I'm especially impressed with your infomrntion gathering skills - I had no idea that
young people spent so much time in front of the TV. You also touch on a key point when
you said that, "kids need a park to hang out and get more active". I'd have to agree,
staying active is an important part of staying healthy as we grow up.
There was talk of a skate park about a year ago, but for some reason - perhaps because of
the land or the money - it hasn't been built yet. What kind of park were you thinking
about? Something with built-in exercise equipment, or picnic tables and BBQ pits?
Next time you think of another way to improve life in Pescadero, you should write it
down and over the years, I encourage you to continue sharing your thoughts ... I'd be very
curious to know how you see our town's challenges.
We all appreciate the time that you took to research and write this letter. I hope to see you
at the next PMAC meeting at 7:30pm - April 13, 2010.
All the best,
~~
Jackson R. Robertson, Member
Cc: Pat Talbot

PMAC Members
PO Box 249 Pescadero CA 94060 www.pescaderocouncil.org pl /2

March 23, 2010
Thomas Allen
c/o Pat Talbots Class
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero, CA 94060
Dear Thomas:
Thank you for your letter to PMAC suggesting a metal arts workshop at the school. I
contacted Dan Geraci about this, a metal and jewelry artist in town who actually holds
metal arts workshops at the High School. He is probably someone you should know, and
maybe you can also contact him. The metal arts workshop is incorporated into the art
curricula at the High School and is funded by South Coast Artists Alliance (SCAA).
Meredith Reynolds is on the Advisory Committee of the SCAA and I can give you her
contact information if you would like more information.
Thank you for your valuable suggestion, and I wish you luck in your future High School
career. Maybe I will see you at the next PMAC meeting on April 13, 2010.
I look forward to meeting you.
Sincerely

Cc: Pat Talbot

PMAC Members
Arianna Namini
C/O Miss Talbots Class,
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero CA 94060
Dear Arianna
Thank you so much for your letter and your interest in improving our community
with a full service recreation center. Your many excellent suggestions regarding
funding methods are well taken and appreciated, and PMAC would make every
effort to support your endeavor. But unfortunately, PMAC has no funding, but can
make recommendations to the town and to the Board of Supervisors to support any
renovations or improvements that can be funded through Puente, our local
nonprofit organization, or through private grants or donations.
The community recreation center you are proposing would be a major financial
and organizational undertaking for our town, and if brought to fruition, no doubt
would provide many wonderful benefits for our youthful residents.
Again, our thanks for your interest and ingenuity.
Sincerely Yours,
Michael C. Berthiaume, Member

Cc: Pat Talbot, Teacher

PMAC Members
PO Box 249 Pescadero CA 94060 www.pescaderocouncil.org p1/3

March 22, 2010
Estaban Mateo Cabrera

C/O Miss Talbots Class,
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero CA 94060
Dear Mr. Cabrera,
Thank you very much for your fine letter to we members of the PMAC. Im sorry to say
that we are strictly an advisory committee to the supervisors of San Mateo County, but
that wont stop us from passing along your suggestion and desires. Having been a boy
your age and wanting something to do after school myself, I totally relate to your wishes.
Unfortunately PMAC is not allowed to raise money and therefore cant offer any toward
solving or supporting your rec center. However, I think some of your ideas for
fundraising are great. I especially like the carwash idea as most cars in this town really
need a bath at least once a week. If you can find a merchant to support you and your
efforts I promise to have my cars washed by your group.
Maybe you and your classmates can take on trying your hand at grant writing or
approaching some of the more wealthy people in our community and get a rec center
started?
Thanks again for contacting us and maybe you would like to attend one of our meetings
sometime. We meet the 2nd Tuesday of each month at the Native Sons Hall in town.
Please bring some of your classmates and come sometime if you can.
Sincerely,
Rob Skinner
PMAC Member
PuenteupdatesfromKateHaas
AppropriationsRequests
o CongresswomanEshoohassubmittedPuentesrequestfor$310,000foragreen
mobilehealthvanfortheSouthCoasttotheHouseAppropriationsCommittee.While
therearemanyhurdlesahead,Puentewaspleasedtohavehadthiscommunityrequest
consideredforthefirsttime.KerryattendedasmallluncheonwithCongresswoman
Eshooandthankedherforherworktosubmitthemobilevanrequestaswellasthe
requestforthePescaderowaterimprovements.

SouthCoastcounts!
o PuenteteamscontinuetopartnerwiththeCensustooutreachtohardtoreach
communities.ThishasbecomeespeciallyimportantbecausethePostalServiceis
unabletodistributecensusformstoPostOfficeboxes.Nearly500censusformswere
returnedbythePescaderoPostOfficealone!Todate,morethan174peoplehavebeen
countedatlocalfarmsandnurseriesBJs,AnoNuevo,Cascade,Colorado,Pigeon
Point,Jacobs,Oku,Gallinas,Cevasco,LosAmigosandatPuentePrograms.

RebuildingTogether,April24
o PleasereserveApril24forPuentesbuildingmakeover.Puentehasbeenselectedby
RebuildingTogether(formerlyChristmasinApril)foranumberofmakeoverprojects,
includingexteriorpainting.Allvolunteersneeded!Thankstothepaintselection
committeeKateHaas,AnnTimm,CottonSkinner,JudyBerthiaume,andRitaGiannini.

SubsidizedEmployment
o PuentehasreceivedpermissiontousesubsidizedemploymentfundsfromtheCountyof
SanMateotounderwritesalariesforoursummeryouthemploymentprogram
(approximately40youthages1419foratotalof$219,000inwagespaiddirectlyto
students).PuentewillalsoreceivetrainingfromtheCountysothatwecandothe
screeningandeligibilityprocessforprospectiveemployeesnotonlyforPuente,but
anyemployerintheregion.

Puentefundingupdates
o PuentehasbeenrecommendedforsafetynetfundingfromCDBGandtheEmergency
FoodandShelterProgram.

YouthUpdates
o Puentestafftook18HighSchoolStudentstoNotreDameDeNamursfirstannual
Latino/aLeadershipConference.
o 18studentsfromK5attendedPuentesfirsteverSpringBreakClub.
o PuentewillsponsorDadelosNios(ChildrensDay)atPescaderoElementaryonApril
30already,theCoastsideMothersClubhasdonated200childrensbooksforthis
communitywideliteracyevent.
o 50middleschoolandhighschoolstudentsparticipateinPuenteledyouthgroupsat
Pescaderomiddleandhighschools;473rd,4thand5thgradersatLaHondaelementary
participateinweeklysessionsonteambuilding,conflictresolutionandbullying.

Zumba!Pilates!
o JoinwithPuenteonThursdaysforZumba!ZumbacombinesLatinandInternational
musictocreateadynamic,exciting,andeffectivefitnesssystem.PilatestaughtbyKim
SaleracontinuestomeetatPuenteonWednesdaymornings.
Tuesday, May 11, 2010, 6:30 PM,

PRE-MEETING: ORIENTATION FROM COUNTY COUNSEL RE: BROWN ACT
1. CALL TO ORDER AT 7:30/ROLL CALL, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA
A. Possible Middle School Students Q&A
6. CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence
A. Ad Hoc Town Sign Committee Shannon Webb
B. Housing Committee meeting with RCAC today- Catherine Peery
D. Emergency Preparedness no report
E. Environmental Committee meeting report -Jackson Robertson
F. Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
G. Communications Committee Rob Skinner
A. Sewer System: Recent developments with Public Works, RCAC Catherine Peery
9. NEW BUSINESS-
A. Resignation of Rodger Reinhart, looking for new council member for District 1
10. OLD BUSINESS -
A. Public Works is waiting on Board of Supervisors recommendations re: road spraying
11 Adjournment , Next meeting June 8, 2010, County Road Spraying (postponed from prior mtg)
San Mateo County Elections Page 1 of 1
May 11, 2010

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San Mateo Citizen's Guide to Elected Officials
Guide to Elected Officials
Regional Offices Shown Below: Decision Makers
Midcoast Community Council, Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council
Select an address below to obtain a map or driving directions. Federal Offices
State Offices
Midcoast Community Council (All-District Email: mcc@sanmateo.org)
County Offices
P. O. Box 64, Moss Beach, CA 94038-0064
Regional Offices
Phone: 650-728-2129
Fax: 650-728-2129 Judicial Offices
Website: http://mcc.sanmateo.org/
City Offices
Member, Board of Directors
School Offices
(4-Year Term, Next Election: Nov. 2009, Elected by voters in unincorporated Montara, Moss Beach, El Granada, Miramar, and
Princeton) Special District Offices
Vacant
Ms. Kathryn Slater-Carter

Email: kathryn@montara.com Elections
California Law
Vacant
Election Results Archive
Ms. Gael Erickson
Email: Gael_e@hotmail.com Election News & Developments
Member, Board of Directors Find Your Elected Representatives

(4-Year Term, Next Election: Nov 2011, Elected by voters in unincorporated Montara, Moss Beach, El Granada, Miramar, and
Regularly Scheduled Elections
Princeton)
Ms. Deborah Lardie Voting Law Changes
Email: dlardiemcc@gmail.com
Smart Voter
Mr. Neil Merrilees
Email: mermade4@yahoo.com
Mr. Leonard D. Woren

Email: mccmember@ldworen.net
P. O. Box 249, Pescadero, CA 94060
Councilmember at Large
(4-Year Term, Next Election: Nov 2012, Elected by all voters in the Pescadero Municipal Area)
Mr. Donald Mc Dermott
Councilmember, District 1
Geoff Allen
Email: gallen@pescaderocouncil.org
Ms. Pattie Brixen, RN

Email: pbrixen@pescaderocouncil.org
Mr. Michael Berthiaume
Mr. Rodger Reinhart

Email: rreinhart@pescaderocouncil.org
Vacant
Mr. Jackson Robertson
Phone: 650-879-0218
Fax: 650-879-9244
Mr. David Lee
Phone: 650-298-6002
Fax: 650-298-6099
Ms. Catherine M. Peery
Phone: 650-879-0933
Fax: 650-879-9531
Email: cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org
Member, District 3
http://www.shapethefuture.org/elections/electedofficials/regional.asp 5/11/2010
April 19, 2010
Sierra J. Shalgh
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero CA 94060
Dear Sierra:
Your letter regarding student discounts in the commercial area of Pescadero

was a very good idea. Many communities have such a program, and the
Pescadero Muncipal Advisory Council heartily endorses this approach. If
you would like to find out more about this, the group called Greater
Pescadero, which is trying to promote local businesses would probably be
interested in helping you. One of the contacts for that group is Kate Meyer
Haas, who is also on PMAC, and Irma Rodriguez Mitton.
I will pass your idea on to them, and I think you should also contact them
directly, along with any retail stores or restaurants in the area.
Kates e-mail address is katebee@pacbell.net, and Irmas e-mail address is

Irma@themittongroup.com.
I wish you luck in your endeavors. Please keep us posted on your progress.
Thanks for the great idea.
Sincerely

Cc: PMAC members, Pat Talbot

From: Fernandez, Nicole [Nicole.Fernandez@asm.ca.gov]
Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2010 3:11 PM
To: 'cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org'
Subject: Meeting request
Hi, Ms. Peery,
I recently joined the staff of Assemblymember Jerry Hill and Im going to be his liaison to Pescadero and
some of the outlying coastside areas. I was wondering if I could arrange a meeting with you. I would like
to learn more about the issues the coastside area is facing right now, along with priorities and anything
else of importance that the PMAC concerns itself with.
Regards,
NicoleFernandez
Senior Field Representative
Office of Assemblymember Jerry Hill
1528 S. El Camino Real, Suite 302
San Mateo, CA 94402
E-mail: Nicole.Fernandez@asm.ca.gov
Phone: (650) 349-1900
Fax: (650) 341-4676
Have you signed up for AssemblymemberHill's e-updates?
http://www.assembly.ca.gov/hill
5/11/2010
Strawberry Marin 24
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TBD by CHP - 3:30 PM
Stage 3
San Francisco to Santa Cruz Start Time: 11:15 am
Tuesday, May 18, 2010 Total Distance: 113.7 mi./182.9 km
Finish ETA: 3:23-4:04 pm
Presented by
AEG Cycling Revised 2/1/10

Stage 3 - San Francisco to Santa Cruz
Tuesday, May 18
Presented by
Estimated Arrival Point Miles

Miles KM
24 mph 26 mph 28 mph Course Directions to to
Ridden Ridden
38.6 kph 41.8 kph 45 kph Point Go
11:15 AM 11:15 AM 11:15 AM Race Start on Great Highway 0.0 0.0 113.3 0.0
11:20 AM 11:20 AM 11:19 AM cs at Sloat Blvd. 2.2 mile/3.5 km neutral section
11:20 AM 11:20 AM 11:19 AM Race Start at Sloat Blvd. 0.2 0.0 113.3 0.0
11:22 AM 11:21 AM 11:20 AM vRight onto CA 35/Skyline from The Great Highway 0.8 0.8 112.5 1.3
11:25 AM 11:24 AM 11:23 AM Enter San Mateo County 1.2 2.0 111.3 3.3
11:26 AM 11:25 AM 11:24 AM Enter Daly City 0.4 2.4 110.9 3.9
11:32 AM 11:31 AM 11:29 AM vRight onto CA 1 South from CA 35 2.4 4.8 108.5 7.7
11:33 AM 11:32 AM 11:30 AM Enter Pacifica 0.4 5.2 108.1 8.4
11:46 AM 11:44 AM 11:41 AM Herbalife Sprint - Pacifica 5.5 10.7 102.6 17.2
12:08 PM 12:04 PM 12:00 PM Enter Half Moon Bay 8.5 19.2 94.1 30.9
12:08 PM 12:04 PM 12:00 PM Herbalife Sprint - Half Moon Bay 0.2 19.4 93.9 31.2
12:37 PM 12:31 PM 12:25 PM Left onto Tunitas Creek Rd. from CA 1 11.4 30.8 82.5 49.6
12:42 PM 12:35 PM 12:29 PM Right to continue on Tunitas Creek Rd. 2.0 32.8 80.5 52.8
cs over CA35/Skyline - now on Kings Mt. Rd.
12:59 PM 12:52 PM 12:44 PM California Travel and Tourism KOM 7.1 39.9 73.4 64.3
Tunitas Creek Rd. - Cat. 2 at 1562/476m
01:12 PM 01:03 PM 12:55 PM Right onto Woodside Ave./CA 84 from Kings Mt. Ave. 5.0 44.9 68.4 72.3
01:16 PM 01:07 PM 12:58 PM vRight onto CA 84 from Woodside Ave. 1.6 46.5 66.8 74.9
cs over CA 35/Skyline on CA 84
01:24 PM 01:15 PM 01:06 PM California Travel and Tourism KOM 3.5 50.0 63.4 80.4
CA 84 - Cat. 3 at 1427/435m
01:41 PM 01:30 PM 01:20 PM Left onto Pescadero Rd. from CA 84 6.7 56.7 56.6 91.3
California Travel and Tourism KOM
01:48 PM 01:37 PM 01:26 PM 2.7 59.4 53.9 95.6
Pescadero Rd. - Cat. 4 at 1053/321m
02:10 PM 01:56 PM 01:44 PM Left onto Butano Cutoff from Pescadero Rd. 8.6 68.0 45.3 109.4
02:11 PM 01:58 PM 01:45 PM Left onto Cloverdale Rd. from Butano Cutoff 0.5 68.5 44.8 110.2
02:23 PM 02:09 PM 01:56 PM vRight onto Gazos Creek Rd. from Cloverdale Rd. 4.9 73.4 39.9 118.1
02:28 PM 02:14 PM 02:00 PM Left onto CA 1 from Gazos Creek Rd. 2.1 75.5 37.8 121.5
02:43 PM 02:27 PM 02:13 PM Enter Santa Cruz County 5.8 81.3 32.0 130.8
03:04 PM 02:46 PM 02:31 PM Enter Davenport 8.3 89.6 23.7 144.2
03:08 PM 02:51 PM 02:34 PM Left onto Bonny Doon Rd. from CA 1 1.9 91.5 21.8 147.2
03:15 PM 02:57 PM 02:41 PM cs onto Pine Flat Rd. from Bonny Doon Rd. 2.9 94.4 18.9 151.9
California Travel and Tourism KOM
03:25 PM 03:06 PM 02:49 PM 3.9 98.3 15.0 158.2
Bonny Doon/Pine Flat Rd. - Cat. 2 at 2135/651m
03:25 PM 03:06 PM 02:49 PM vRight onto Empire Grade from Pine Flat Rd. 0.05 98.3 15.0 158.2
03:50 PM 03:29 PM 03:10 PM Right onto Western Dr. from Empire Grade Rd. 9.7 108.0 5.3 173.9
03:53 PM 03:32 PM 03:13 PM Left onto Mission St./CA 1 from Western Dr. 1.3 109.3 4.0 175.9
03:54 PM 03:33 PM 03:14 PM Right onto Swift St. from Mission St. 0.4 109.7 3.6 176.6
03:56 PM 03:34 PM 03:15 PM Left onto W. Cliff Dr. from Swift St. 0.7 110.4 2.9 177.7
AEG Cycling All course logs subject to change. Revised 4/13/10

May 1 , 2010

Catherine Peery
I am resigning form the PMAC effective May 1, 2010. I would like to

offer my continued support to the PMAC managing the PMAC web site,
email and mailing list.
I appreciate how well run the PMAC has been during my time on the
council. Thank you Catherine.
Sincerely
Rodger Reinhart
April 19, 2010
Sierra J. Shalgh
350 Butano Cut-off
Pescadero CA 94060
Dear Sierra:
Your letter regarding student discounts in the commercial area of Pescadero

was a very good idea. Many communities have such a program, and the
Pescadero Muncipal Advisory Council heartily endorses this approach. If
you would like to find out more about this, the group called Greater
Pescadero, which is trying to promote local businesses would probably be
interested in helping you. One of the contacts for that group is Kate Meyer
Haas, who is also on PMAC, and Irma Rodriguez Mitton.
I will pass your idea on to them, and I think you should also contact them
directly, along with any retail stores or restaurants in the area.
Kates e-mail address is katebee@pacbell.net, and Irmas e-mail address is

Irma@themittongroup.com.
I wish you luck in your endeavors. Please keep us posted on your progress.
Thanks for the great idea.
Sincerely

Cc: PMAC members, Pat Talbot

From: Catherine Peery
Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2010
To: PMAC
Subject: Housing Committee Report
RCACrepsvisitedwiththehousingcommitteetoday.WetouredtheWarheitsite,andfoundoutall
aboutthevariouswaysthatselfhelp(sweatequity)housingand/ormultifamily(rental)housingis
structured,thedifferentsponsorshipsrequired,theavenueswecouldtakeingettingsponsorship,
funding,etc.Itwasa2hourmeetingandwillrequirealotoffollowup,butthebeginningofalotof
trainingonhowtoactuallygetthehousingdone.Apparently,tostartwithwehavetodecidewhether
weregoingtogointhedirectionofselfhelphomeownership,orinthedirectionofrental.Ithink
basedonourhousingmeetingsfromthepreviousyears,weareleaningtowardsselfhelphousing,
whichwouldgotowardspeoplewillingtohelpbuildtheirownhomes,withlocalconstructionpeople
involved.
Also,asacorrectiontolastmonthsreport,itturnsoutthatthewaterrequirementsofthe14homes
wouldbeapproximately$50,000gallonsperday,whichisabout1%orlessofthewateroutputofthe
townwell.Justtobeclear,adifferentwellwouldbedrilled,butsomepeopleworrythatitwould
depletetheaquifer,whichisnotreallyanissue.
Wehavebeenworkingonthisnowfornearly10yearsandhaveresearchedmanyaspectsofthe
project,butonethingwehavetorememberistorespondtoconcernsofpeoplewhoarejustbecoming
awareoftheproject.Althoughwehavelongagoresearchedthelandfill,andweknowthatwehaveto
be750feetawayfromit,whichwillbeaccomplishedbasedonthecurrentsite,weneedtopublish
somefactsabouttheprojectandourfindingsasconcernsarise.
CatherinePeery
d:6508790150;f:6508791847
catherine@pescaderocouncil.org
5/11/2010
FALL CREEK ENGINEERING, INC.
Civil Environmental Water Resource Engineering and Sciences
Tel. (831) 4269054 P.O. Box 7894, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 Fax. (831) 426-4932
December 10, 2009

Catherine M. Perry
P.O. Box 249
Pescadero', CA 94060
Subject: Review of Facilities Planning Report for Pescadero Community Sewer Project
March 2008, Prepared by HydroScience Engineers, Inc.
Dear Catherine:
Fall Creek Engineering, Inc. (FCE) has conducted a review of the above referenced document.
Based on our review, FCE would recommend that the facilities plan (Plan) be revised to include
alternative sites for a new wastewater treatment system, some additional wastewater
treatment schemes, and additional options for effluent reuse and disposal.
In summary, FCE recommends the following:
1. As outlined in the Plan, the proposed wastewater project would include installing a
force main to pump raw sewage to a relatively remote location. This scheme will result
in high costs to implement the project. FCE would recommend considering some
additional sites that are in closer proximity to the community. This option would reduce
the costs associated with the pipelines and would allow water to be reused locally for a
variety of purposes, such as a source for fire suppression, irrigation of the elementary
school playfield and as a source of water to the local nursery/greenhouse operations.
This revision would require identifying alternative sites for the treatment system and
modifications to the collection and conveyance system.
2. The three alternative wastewater treatment systems considered by HydroScience

Engineering are all relatively expensive, energy intensive, and operationally complex
treatment schemes considering the volume of wastewater treated and the relatively
remote location of the systems. FCE would recommend that a few additional
wastewater treatment schemes be considered that are lower cost, easier to operate and
maintain, have been shown to be reliable, and are substantially more energy efficient.
FCE would recommend revising the plan to include a comparison of a two- or three-
stage trickling filter system, a combined trickling filter and constructed wetland system
or sma ll pond/wetland system . The trickling filter systems could be installed in a small
area comparable to the SBR system selected by HydroScience Engineering. A trickling
filter wetland and or pond/wetland system would require more area than the systems
identified in the Plan, but would be the easiest to operate and maintain and would
require the least amount of energy.
FALL CRE E K
ENGIN EERING, INC.
3. FCE is aware that the community of Pescadero presently does not have an adequate fire
suppression system. FCE recommends that the Plan be revised to consider the reuse of
treated effluent as part of a new fire suppression system for the community. FCE
suggests that a combined fire water and water reclamation storage tank and reclaimed
water distribution system could be installed that would allow treated effluent to be
used in the town for fire protection and to supply local reuse areas.
4. FCE recommends that the Plan be revised to evaluate additional water reuse options, as
previously mentioned, for a variety of uses, including irrigation of the school playfield, as
source water for local nurseries, greenhouses and agricultural fields in close proximity to
the town center.
5. FCE recommends that the Plan be revised to evaluate alternative winter disposal
options, such as installing a subsurface disposal system(s) in the elementary school
playfield and/or other lands adjacent to the town center.
Thank you for the opportunity to assist you and provide our review of the Plan. As you are
aware, FCE is a local engineering firm that specializes in small community water and
wastewater engineering projects. FCE would be happy to provide you and the County of San
Mateo a proposal for services to update the Plan to incorporate the recommendations
presented in this letter.
I have enclosed a copy of our Statement of Qualifications focused on our recent wastewater
engineering projects. If you have any questions or require additional information, please do
not hesitate to contact me at (831) 426-9054.
Principal Engineer
Enclosures
2
1. Discusswhythefacilityisneeded.Includeanaccuratedescriptionoftheexistingfacilitiesandthe
proposedimprovements.
TheTownofPescaderoislocatedintheunincorporatedportionofSanMateo.Currently,eachparcel
hasitsownindividualsepticsystem.Presentlythereareestimatedtobe78residentialand16onsite
wastewatersystemsinthecommunity.Thecommunitydoesnothaveacentralizedsewercollection,
treatmentordisposalsystem.In2004,theCaliforniaRegionalWaterQualityControlBoardissued
Resolution04R20088supportinga2004PublicHealthDeclarationbytheCountyofSanMateoHealth
Departmentthatthesoilandhighgroundwaterconditionsinthecommunityareinadequatefor
treatmentofsepticwastewaterfromtheexistingresidencesandbusinessesinthecommunity.Andthat
thisconditionwasresultinginathreattopublichealth.BasedonthisresolutiontheCountyPublic
WorksDepartmentcompletedaFacilitiesPlanningReportforthePescaderoCommunitySewerProject.
TheFacilitiesPlanpresentedarecommendedplanforinstallingacentralizedsewer,treatmentand
disposalsystem;however,theproposedprojectswerecostprohibitiveanddeterminedinfeasiblebythe
Community.Subsequently,theCommunityhasidentifiedseveralalternativesitelocations,treatment
andwastewaterreuseoptionsthatmaysignificantlyreducethecostoftheproject.TheCountyis
seekingfundstocompleteaFacilitiesPlanUpdatetoconsiderandevaluatethenewoptionsidentified
bythecommunity.Insummary,theproposedimprovementswillincludeanewcentralizedsanitary
sewersystem,awastewatertreatmentplant,andlanddisposalsystem.
2. Iftheprojectisrequiredtomeethealthand/orsanitarystandardsimposedbyalocal,State,or
FederalAgency,discussthespecificstandards/violationsthatwillbecorrectedbytheproposed
project(ifavailable,attachpagesasnecessary,includinganyregulatoryAgencycorrespondence).
AspreviouslydiscussedinItem1theStatehasissuedResolution04R20088supportingtheCountyof
SanMateosDeclarationthathasdeterminedthattheonsitewastewatersystemsservingtheresidences
andbusinessesinthecommunitythreatenpublichealthandwaterquality.Acopyofthesedocuments
isattached.
a.IB NPl'D'"al ~::i. 0348-004

BUDGET INFORMATION - Const ruction Programs.
N07E: CEJ1Jifr. Fec.\:'mf sssJsl'!ll7c1:'pmi;rnms ~wrom-aoosr CGli'\Wl':itb llS ro fil11re st tt1e t='roS'Sf mre ot.cn:fet:r CllSIS effG1tfeJr:r fElti:ftsrfai. rr slJCl':I s me mse. ya.v.illbe 110rmro.
COST CLASSIFICATION a. Tolal Cost b. Costs Not Allowable c. Total All:wable Costs
fer Participation (Columns a-bl
1. .~.dministrative and legal expen&?S $ .00 $ .00 s 0 .00
2. Land, struc11.Jres, rights-Of-way, apJTaisal9, etc. $ .00 $ .00 s 0.00
3. Relocation expenses and pa~menll3 $ .00 $ .00 s o.oo

4. .A.rchitecb.Jral and ergineering fees $ '2.S> ooo .00 $ .00 s 'L ~ O c:>O .oo
5. Otho:r architectural and engineef"irg fees $ .00 $ .00 s 0 .00
6. Project in~tion fees $ .00 $ .00 s 0 .00
1. Srtewcrk $ .00 $ .00 s o.oo

"'ti
8. D.:rnolition and remova I $ .00 $ .00 s 0 .00
::0
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9. Conslrn:tbn $ .00 $ .00 s 0 .00
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11 . Mi&::ellan EOJS $ .00 $ .00 s 0.00
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13. Contirgendes $ .00 $ .00 s 0.00
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14. SUBTOTAL $ o .oo $ . o.oo s 0.00
a.
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15. Proj.:d 1;i:ro<Jran) incx:me $ .00 $ .00 s o.oo
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16. TOT.i!i.L PROJECT COSTS (subtract #15 from :#14) $ 0 .00 $ 0.00 s 0.00
~
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0 FEDERAL FUNDING
co
a; 17. Federal assis1ance requested, cak:ulate as follows: Q
3
(/)
(Consult Fed:ral agemy for Federal percentage share.)
En1er the resulting Fed:ral share.
Enter elg ible costs from line 16c Multiply X _ __'!~ s --Z..s- b
)
o o.oo
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To auto calculate. press TAB key afterentflring percent. Th959 instructions ''ill not print.
t.C
CD
en Pr~\'IOU 5 Ed ltton Usable Autlicorized for Lcu:-01 Repri::idui:tion standard Form 424C (Re,-. 79TJ
PrescnbeCI tr~ OMS Circular A102
PREAPPLICATION PROCEDURE
Send the original Preapplication items and one copy to USDA-RD
Applicants must submit an original and one copy of Preapplication information items 1
through 9 described below. Send it to the USDA Rural Development office serving your
area as shown on page 19. Note also that you can call in advance and get personal
assistance from your local USDA-RD office.
REQUIRED PREAPPLICATION ITEMS - 1 through 9
1. Completed Standard Forms (SF) 424, 424-C, 424-D -Application for

Federal Assistance, see pages 4-9.
NOTE: in block 10 of SF 424, insert the appropriate Catalog of Federal Domestic

Assistance (CFDA) number as follows:
Water and Waste Disposal Loan and Grant Program - 10.760
Emergency and Imminent Community Water Assistance Grant - 10.763
Colonias and Native Americans Section 306C Grants - 10.770
NOTE: in block 5 of SF 424, DUNS stands for "Data Universal Numbering

System." It is a unique nine-character number that identities your organization. It
is a tool of the Federal government to track how Federal money is distributed.
Most large organizations that receive Federal funds already have a DUNS
numbers. If your organization does not have a DUNS number, call
866-705-5711 or use the following Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) online registration web
link to receive one free of charge at
http://fedgov.dnb.com/webform/displayHomePage.do
2. Evidence that the State and Local Clearinghouses have been notified. Show
that you have submitted a cover letter and a copy of the completed first page of
Form SF 424 to both the State Clearinghouse and the appropriate local
clearinghouse agency, by attaching copies of those documents with this
preapplieati9n., see page 10-11 .
3. Water and Wastewater Preapplication Certification, see page 12.
4. Financial information including a description of any existing debt, see page 13.
5. Organizational information on applicant, see page 14.
6. Project Narrative that provides information on why the facility is needed

and discuss specific standards/violations that will be corrected by the
Project, see page 15.
7. Loan Security to be offered, see page 16.
8. User Information, see page 17.
9. Rate Structure, see page 18
OPTIONAL PREAPPLICATION ITEMS (Only if available)
a. California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) documentation

b. Preliminary Engineering Report
PREAPPLICATION GUIDE: Water and Wastewater Programs Page 3

Tuesday, June 8, 2010, 7:30 PM,

CALL TO ORDER AT 7:30/ROLL CALL, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA

A. Artist/Designers will describe their Town Sign concepts and answer questions
6. CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence Catherine Peery (Corresponding Secretary needed)
A. Ad Hoc Town Sign Committee discussion of Town Sign concepts submitted - Shannon Webb
B. Housing Committee latest developments- Catherine Peery
D. Emergency Preparedness Lary Lawson
E. Environmental Committee schedule for next meeting -Jackson Robertson
F. Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
G. Communications Committee Rob Skinner
A. Sewer System: Status of Grant Ap with Public Works, RCAC Catherine Peery
9. NEW BUSINESS-
A. Elections Office requirements for existing members due this Summer.
B. Establishment of Nominating Committee for new members.
C. Town Sign recommendations regarding next steps and budget support.
10. OLD BUSINESS -
A. Need to elect Corresponding Secretary from our members.
11. Adjournment , Next meeting July 13, 2010
DESIGNERS WANTED
Parameters for Town Sign *Drive By viewing
Announcements large enough to
TOWN SIGN PROJECT Budget is r,9.pghly $5,000.' see driving by
:'' 'i\:'' 71:
SOME IDEAS BROUGHT UP SO
A centralized down town sign Budget is based on 'private
FAR: Feel free to research price, size,
contvtbutions froIJ11;~rganizations
or kiosk is in the design phase. needing a sign for announcem1mts to color, options etc.
vehicle traffic. Examples:
Please enter your design for
Plastic, white, 4x4 marquee= $3200-
Pescadero's town sign. Over all cobsiderations $3500.
Chalk board
1. Weather resistant (Rain Proof)
The sign will sport the name of LCDs for out door use.
2. Vandal proofing current research found this exceeds
the designer! the budget in terms of initial cost
3. Editable @;
and upkeep.
Parameters are listed here. ,>I 4. Room {or multiple Insert your idea here.
announcements
I
Designs should be submitted by 5. ~ocated at the Intersection of **Pedestrian Viewing

Pescadero & Stage Rd. For Local map
5/31/2010, Memorial Day
instance at the parking area, or
the pocket park, etc. merchant information
Designs will be on display for town 6. Drive by Viewing*
Cork board pin up area
viewing & comment prior to the 7. Pedestrian viewing**
For more detailed
June PMAC meeting, 6/8/2010. announcements, and classifieds
Please submit your entry to: Notions:

Peery & Associates, Inc Sign can have multiple sides like + Designs should be to scale, and
at 213 Stage Rd. office or e-mail to a kiosk; it should be nice to look preferred location should be
cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org at. It can be artful and/or indicated
If you have any questions please contact sculptural, or conform to the ++Please, indicate if you are able
Shannon Webb at 650-766-6239 or town's architectural "look". to build your design, or not.
webbsrus l 998@gmail.com
www.greenwoodlandscape.com
PESCADERO SIGN
This sign is designed to wrap the corner in front of the community garden at the
intersection of Pescadero Road and Stage Road.
Overall, it is about 10 long, curved, and about 6 tall, so it will be easily visible to both
pedestrian and automobile traffic at a range of angles.
The placement at the corner of Stage and Pescadero Roads is the best possible location
for automobiles that come to a stop at the intersection, as well as ideal for pedestrian
access from the Post Office parking lot and pedestrian viewing from the garden. It is also
well away from any other buildings or signs that might compete visually for attention.
THE ART-Y CONCEPT-Y PART

The local sandstone rocks and ornamental grasses recall the beach, the sandblasted
wooden letters tie in with the original carved wooden signs out by the highway; the
galvanized metal relates to the local agricultural buildings.
At night, the lights will reflect off the curving corrugated and galvanized metal sheets and
backlight the letters of PESCADERO, like a full moon over the swells of the ocean.
DOUBLE-SIDED SIGN
This sign is designed to be accessed from two sides. The front side is easily readable by auto
traffic, the back side is easily accessed for pedestrian interaction.
The front side, a low stone wall (to 24 high) with 12 high sandblasted wood letters
placed 18 in front of a sheet of galvanized metal makes a bold statement. The wooden
letters of PESCADERO are backlit by the low-voltage exterior lights washing the
galvanized steel. LED fixtures could be used for long, low-maintenance life.
6 tall magnetic letters can be easily assembled on the galvanized steel by any volunteer
and easily read by passing auto traffic.
Custom magnetic letters, numbers, logos, images, ANYTHING can be affordably digitally
printed by any local sign shop, using the same technology used to print magnetic car
door signs. These magnetic images are weather resistant and easily reprinted if lost or
damaged. They are affordable enough for multiple volunteers to have sets of alphabets.
The wide range of creative options also allows for full color, multiple languages, and
much more.
If pedestrian access from the back side is desirable, an additional piece of smooth
galvanized steel could be added to the back, and painted with chalkboard paint for a
magnetic chalk surface.
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Environmental Committee Meeting

Wednesday, June 9, 2010, 12:00 noon,
Duartes Tavern (in the back), 202 Stage Road, Pescadero, CA 94060
1. CALL TO ORDER AT 12:00 INTRODUCTIONS, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA
A. Kellyx TMDLs & Grant Update?
4. Bill Cooks Proposal?
5. Native Sons Proposal/Update?
6. State Parks Update
7. Puente - Watershed Education & Planning
8. Fire Preparedness coming into the fire season
9. Preparing Formal Recommendation to PMAC SMC Board of Supervisors
10. New Business
11. Adjournment, Next meeting July 14th, 2010
This site is wheelchair accessible. Individuals who need special assistance or a disability-related modification or accommodation (including auxiliary aids or
services) to participate in this meeting; or who have a disability and wish to request an alternative format for the agendas, meeting notice, agenda packet or
other writings that may be distributed at the meeting, should contact Jackson Robertson at least 3 working days before the meeting at 650-879-0072, or email
jrobertson@pescaderocouncil.org. Notification in advance of the meeting will enable PMAC to make reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to this
meeting and the materials related to it.

P.O.Box554Pescadero,CA.94060www.mypuente.org650.879.1691

JUNEPUENTEREPORT
MarchiFarms/Campinotti
ThesituationatMarchiFarmscontinuestodeteriorate.Asofthiswriting,MarchiFarmswaterhasbeen
testedathighlevelsfornitrates,bacteriaandE.coli.SeveraloftheresidentsofUpperandLower
CampinottihavesecuredthelegalservicesofCaliforniaRuralLegalAssistance(CRLA).TheCountyhas
offeredhotel/motelvoucherstoresidentsatthefarms,however,thisisnotapracticalsolutionfor
thosewhohavechildreninschoolinPescadero(21totalstudents)orwhoworkontheSouthCoast.
MostfamiliesremainintheirhomesattheFarms,drinkingandcookingwithbottledwater.
KPDO
ThisWeekontheSouthCoastisaweeklyPuenteradioprogramonKPDOonThursdaysfrom46PM.
NewLeafDay
PuentehelditssecondNewLeafCommunityDayandraised$1832.20forourprograms.
RebuildingTogetherProject
Morethan136peopleassistedPuentewithitsRebuildingTogetherProjectwhichincludedpaintingas
wellasinstallingnewguttersanddrains..AfinalpaintingdayisscheduledforSaturday,June12.The
valueofthematerialsprovidedbyPeninsulaRebuildingTogetherandMediterraneoDesignand Build
wasvaluedatover$20,000.
YouthEmployment
FortyfourSouthCoastyouthwillbeworkingatPuentethissummer,thankstofundingprovidingfrom
generousindividuals,SanMateoCountyWorkforceInvestmentBoard,andfederalstimulusfunds
designatedforemployment.Youthwillstaffsummercamps,youthandadultliteracyefforts,food
distribution,andprovidesupportforPuentesoffices.Inaddition,theywillreceiveextensivetraining
andmentoring.SponsorsforouryouthemploymentprogramareneededpleasecontactKerryfor
moreinformation.
SubsidizedEmployment
Asitturnsout,theprogramismuchmorecomplicatedthananyofushadimagined.Thatsaid,Puenteis
availabletohelpemployersdetermineifpotentialemployeesqualifyfortheprogram.Ifyouhavea
potentialemployeeorifyouhaveajobopening,pleaseletPuenteknow.
YouthBridgesAwards
Forthesecondyear,thePuenteBoardofDirectors(andfriends)willhonorgraduatingseniorswhohave
workedatPuentewithYouthBridgesAwards.Thisyear,thefollowingstudentswillreceivetheawards:
RachaelSchneider,TimCook,CristinaSalgado,MonicaAmezcua,EdithFlores&IsabelGuzman.
Literacy/Education
PuenteprovidedESLclassesto103unduplicatedadultstudentsinthe2010winter/springsemestersin
LaHondaandPescadero.20%ofstudentsadvancedonelevelintheirESLstudies.Puentealsoarranged
oneononetutoringfor20unduplicatedadultstudentsthatmetonweeklybasistostudyEnglish,
Citizenship,GEDandPlazaComunitariaAdultLiteracyModules,aswellashomeworkclubwhichmet
twiceaweek.
MiddleSchoolGroups
TwentyonemiddleschoolstudentsparticipatedinspringyouthgroupssponsoredbyPuenteandledby
SuzieHughes.Theyattendedaweeklyseminaronselfempowerment.Itwasimportanttothestudents
togivesomethingbacktotheschoolandtheychosetoprovideothermiddleschoolstudentswith
thumbdrivesandschoolsuppliesaswellastopurchasegiftcertificatesformiddleschoolteachers.Suzie
andthestudentsraisedfundsforthesuppliesandPureBeauty,PeninsulaBeautySupplyandBob
BredelatRemaxRealtygenerouslyprovidedhaircareproducts,schoolsupplies,etc.
PescaderoElementarySchoolAfterSchoolProgram
Morethan100hoursofstaffingsupport(valuedatover$1,000)wasprovidedtotheAfterSchool
ProgramatPescaderoElementarySchoolbyPuenteyouthstaffers.
~~~ 1 San Mateo County

5/21/2010
2:43PM
-,, ...,i.:&11...
Planning & Building Department 455 County Center Redwood City

California 94063 Planning: 650/363-4161 Building: 650/599-7311 Fax: 650/363-4849
Payment Receipt
Check Number # :481362
Receipt # : 00000000000000051161
Name: SILICON VALLEY TOUR DE CURE

Address: COUNTYWIDE
Parcel#: 000000000
DPW2010-0011945240-1251 Special Event Rd Closure 5/21/2010 103.00 103.00
Total Paid: $103.00
FeeReceipt.rpt
PUBLIC WORKS PERMIT Page 1 of 1
Department of Public Works Permit Number: DPW2010-00119
Road Operations - Permits Issued: 5/21/2010
Inspection Request: (650) 599-7273 (Bayside)
455 County Center, 2nd Floor (650) 599-7296 (Coast)
(650) 363-1822 or 363-1852 MUST CALL FOR INSPECTION 48 HOURS BEFORE
COMMENCING WORK
APPLICANT NAME: SILICON VALLEY TOUR DE CURE
SITE ADDRESS: COUNTYWIDE AREA: WOODS
APPLICANT INFORMATION CONTRACTOR INFORMATION
SILICON VALLEY TOUR DE CURE

ATTN: ALLYSON SCHLOMING
111 W. ST JOHN ST, SUITE 1150
SAN JOSE, CA 95117
PHONE#1: 408-241-1922 X7 468 PHONE#1:
PHONE#2: PHONE#2:
PROJECT NAME: BIKE RACE PARCEL NUMBER: 000000000
PROJECT DESCRIPTON: On June 13, 201 O; bike race through various roads under County jurisdictions (see attached routes); NO
STREET CLOSURE; clean the streets and adjacent areas and return them to their prior or better conditions.
TYPE OF PERMIT UNDERGROUND SERVICE ALERT (USA) NO.:

ENCROACHMENT: DATE OF USA INQUIRY:
CONSTRUCTION (NMRW): SEWER DISTRICT:
STREET CLOSURE: X COUNTY SIP REQ'D?:
TRANSPORTATION: SURETY DEPOSIT AMOUNT: $
LANDSCAPING: INSPECTION DEPOSIT AMOUNT: $
OTHER:
PERMIT EXPIRATION DATE: 6/14/2010
FEE AMOUNT PAID:
The work authorized by this Permit shall be subject to all the terms, conditions, and restrictions set forth herein. This
permit consists of the Special Provisions and Standard Details of San Mateo County as applicable, attached and made
a part hereof. The project, as specifically described, is to be strictly construed and no other activity shall be permitted.
Notify County Road Inspector 48 hrs prior to starting work.
The Permittee and/or his contractor shall indemnify and save harmless the County, its officers, agents, employees and
servants from all claims, suits or actions of every name, kind and description, brought for, or on account of, injuries to or
death of any person or damage to property resulting from the performance of any work authorized or required by this
Permit of Permittee and/or his contractor, their officers, agents, employees and/or servants.
Permittee is required to maintain property damage and liability insurance in amounts equivalent to or exceeding the legal minimums as a
condition of this permit.
This permit was issued by me on:

() * FOR OFFICE USE ONLY**
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PleltiC note tba l.\n lno41mpletc ch(Hlklist liUbrnitWI will dcloy ynur review.
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s1'".""" '1Lo p;trtcf ~

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or sk"1Ch ishowlflJ IOCfttion of propoaed etoau.re. date. DD times tlf
cloimro. lntlll e infQnnatkm regttrdlng C1'9!i8 Ktrcet.. DCIU'by churchei, li~hool~. etc.
~ Oraw g ~r liketeh shall 1how tyPQ of closure dev I~~. dtu1. etc that yt)U f1flil
propo1dna tu 1e to oloBe th" road.
~Ota Jn1 shall Include Anrnp Dilly Tmmo IADTsJ courns and $peed data.
Plcuo visit tie County or San Mitteo Puhlic Works Wl..'bsirc under Pul>lic Wnrb ;:- ffo.<td
;;crv ie~.~ > T tfo: Sen ii.:e,;> Speed and Volume Dal a or indicate Ni A if dala is not
available,
NOTE: Ir gr aicr than 35 11iph anti/or I OOOADls" a lraflic 1.:ontrnl plan will bt: r~quircd,
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CEI lTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE
(301) 795-6610 llffS CERTIFICATE IS 186UEI> AS A MATTI!R OF INFORllATION
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HOLDER. n11s CERTIFICAl'E DOES NOT AMEND. EXTEND OR
One Church Street ALTER THE COVEAAOE AFFORDED B'r THE P0l ICIE$ BELOW.
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CERTIFICATE HOLDER CANCELLATION

l!HOUUIANYOI' TlfEAli!OVI! OEl!IC'llRO POUCllL9 911 CAllCEU.EO lllU'O~~!OO'!Mt!Oft_ - - - -
- San M'!!l_toQ__Q:.)_unt'------ !--------.. ----..----------" -1rlittli'A~THmleOF.Tii1-~..--Sllllru;;;;:;_...;;~;;~-~ IWl 30- DAY$ WRJfTiiH
~--DQpart:ment of Pa.cks NOTICli:TQ1'"1!Ct:f!TIFIC.AT! HOLDE"~Nl<t:l'l'Qllfll.IB'T. BUTFAllUft!!lODO S03HAJ,J.
455 County Cicw.ta.r: lllPOU NO OIWGATIDH (Ht UAl!ILl'f'W Of' ANY l(INI:! UPON 'l'H!! ....u-. m; AG!fHTS 011
4th Floo.r:
Rmdwood C1ty, CA 940~3
A~RfiJ'li81!NTAT'lllll
Louis Novick/HDI.1.u:
ACO~D 2tl {2009/01)
IN8028 (:1009011 The ACORD namo 11nd 1090 &N regl&torod mlil of ACORD
REST TourdeCur
STOP 50 :k Rl1DERS
FOLLOW THE
THE GREEN SIGNS
Pleue Nor. Hltirool(;. are miaM8101Y - Obty a~ wmc lawal1
StQp at all GtQP ai.Qnfl. (Pob WILL ~. '-$100 line) A'
Singtfi: File Fmu1e ~ 11 2l00PM. II" ca~ of fillJliW'Oaf!cy
call {66\1~3-491 t rn ~of non.m.rgencycd (660)
39tOOSI'
START I FINISH
Ai
HP CORE'OM TE CAMPUS
3000 HANOWA Si., PAW ALTO
i
TourdeCur
75 k RIDERS
FOLLOW THE
THE LIGHT BLUE SIGNS
Pk:1ue Note~ Htlilmeta are mandatory -Ob!1 all traft!c ~Wiili
S'P at a~ :S'P signs (Polki& WIU. ticket, "'$100 firw) Rkle
Single Fu , Roote ciQses at 2~00P.M. , In casa of emergency
oo~ (650):363-4911 - In ease of ru:m~mergericy eall (650)
3915057
RESi-lMjJ
. STOP START I FINISH
AT
HP CORPORATE CAMPUS
3000 HANOVER ST., PALO ALT
'TourdeCure
120 k RIDERS
FOLLOW
ORANGE START I
SIGNS FINISH
AT
HP CORPORATE CAMPUS
3000 HANOV''R ST.
PALO At.TO
WATER STOP
AT
THE' BIICE HUT
Pkwl$9 Nola! H~~lll 1ue f!!andafory Obey alt

traffic lawsll Stop at all stop signs (Nice WILL
Ucket, ~$100 lme) Ai Slngta Ale Route~$
al 4:00P.M. In oaroo of .emergeooy ooll
(650)36349t1 In ~ of notH1rmrgency eaU
(650) 39MID57
Tuesday, August 10, 2010, 7:30 PM,

A. New Planning and Building chief, Jim Eggemeyer, will introduce himself to the council.
B. Drawings/Plans and budget for Town Sign to be presented by Cody Soules.
C. Matt Jacobs will report on new ballot measure from the County for November.
5. FINANCIAL REPORT Financial Report- PMAC Account: $8,231.71; Copier: $1,123.61
6. CORRESPONDENCE Resignations from two council members, and request for underwriting Catherine
Peery (Corresponding Secretary needed)
A. Housing Committee Coastside Community Builders -synopsis- Catherine Peery
B. School Board Meeting liaison Don McDermott
C. Emergency Preparedness Lary Lawson
D. Environmental Committee summary of last meeting -report from Jackson Robertson
E. Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
F. Nominating Committee and Elections office news - Rob Skinner
A. Sewer System: Status of Grant Ap with Public Works, RCAC Catherine Peery
9. NEW BUSINESS-
A. Elections of Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary from among council members.
B. Request for underwriting from KPDO
C. Town Sign permit approval process, confirmation of design and budget support.
D. Elections office has confirmed there are no term limitsshould we amend bylaws to include 4 4-year
terms as term limit for council members?
E. We received a copy of the LCP, and a letter regarding requirements for amendment. If it doesnt require a
county vote, should we request addition of Reynolds parcel with their house on it (and possibly their neighbors
parcel) to be included in rural/urban boundary?
10. Adjournment , Next meeting Sept. 14, 2010
This site is NOT wheelchair accessible. Individuals who need special assistance or a disability-related modification or accommodation (including auxiliary aids or services) to
participate in this meeting; or who have a disability and wish to request an alternative format for the agendas, meeting notice, agenda packet or other writings that may be
distributed at the meeting, should contact Catherine Peery at least 3 working days before the meeting at 650-879-0150, fax 650-879-1847, cpeery@pescaderocouncil.org.
Notification in advance of the meeting will enable PMAC to make reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to this meeting and the materials related to it.
DATE: July 28th, 2010
TO: Ciatherine Peery, Chair PMAC
FROM: Pattie Brixen
SUBJl~CT: PMAC Resignation
Please accept this memo as my official resignation from the Pescadero Municipal
Advisory Committee (PMAC), effective July 30th 2010. Health reasons prohibit
me from seNing out my term or filing to run for office again.
It has !been a pleasure working with you over these last six years. There has
been :some meaningful progress on important issues relative to life in Pescadero.
Hopeflully, at some time in the future, I will be healthy enough to serve once
again.
Thank you.
Pattie! Brixen
PMAct Member
From: Jackson Robertson
Sent: Monday, August 02, 2010 9:59 AM
To: Catherine Peery
Subject: PMAC
Hi Catherine,
After much thought, my growing business and current day to day will not allow me to
continue with PMAC. The last 5 years on the council has been a great experience for me
and do plan on attending meetings when possible and staying active in the community,
but I need to minimize my volunteer time right now - especially with the new baby on the
way next month.
I know this comes at a bad time with the other recent resignations, but I really need to
prioritize my life right now. Thanks for understanding,
Jackson
Daniel Roberts
KPDO 89.3 FM
P.O. Box 893
Pescadero, CA 94060
(650) 646-KPDO
Daniel@kpdo.org
August 15, 2010

P.O. Box 249
Pescadero, CA 94060
Dear Council Members,
KPDO 89.3 FM Community Radio for Pescadero and the South Coast would like to
promote PMACs monthly meetings though on-air underwriting messages. For $49.00 a
month KPDO would play one message per hour from 10am to 8pm on Friday, Saturday,
Sunday, Monday, and from 10 am to 7pm Tuesday prior to the meeting (a total of 49
messages a month). All contributions are tax-deductible.
These underwriting messages would promote PMAC meetings to our estimated 5,000+
on-air and online listeners, encouraging Pescadero resident participation, and
announcing critical agenda items or presentations.
This is an investment in your community that allows us to educate high school students
in broadcast engineering and D.J. skills, and to broadcast world, national and local
events and news in Spanish and English. Having a local community-supported radio
station has already proved to be a valuable resource for our youth and for our nonprofit
organizations. Please help us to continue providing these and many more services for
both PMAC and the community at large.
Thank you for your time and consideration!
Sincerely,
\signed
Daniel Roberts
KPDO 89.3fm (650) 646-KPDO P.O. Box 893 Pescadero, CA 94060

Business Plan
Agenda
Introduction
Vision and Goals
Background and History
Strength of Founding Members
Plan for staff and Board members
Housing Options
Community Buildings and Infrastructure
Financial
Community Relations and Communications
Next Steps
2
Introduction
Pescadero Foundation (501c3)
Umbrella organization for community projects
Art and Fun Festival to Workforce Housing
Over 10 years of focusing on Affordable Housing
New name is Coastside Community Builders
3
Vision
To retain the economic viability and diversity of the South Coast
communities of Pescadero, La Honda, Loma Mar and San Gregorio
by:
developing,
maintaining and
managing:
Home ownership
Rental properties
Leasehold properties
Community centers, like Native Sons Hall
Infrastructure, like Waste Water Treatment
Utility services
Self-sustaining businesses
Emergency shelters
4
Goals
Meet the diverse infrastructure needs
Provide affordable
home ownership, rental housing and emergency shelter
Include families and single residents
Income fall below median income for the county
Develop layers of financing
Public and private funds
Seek qualification as a CHDO under HUDs HOME program
Largest federal block grant to state/local government
Exclusively for affordable housing
5
Allocation of funds in San Mateo county
Affordable housing in the County primarily serves households that are low, very low, or extremely low income. (Note 1)
HUD Funds
(Federal)
CPD
HOME
In San Mateo county
15% HOME funds

reserved for CHDOs
US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO)
Home Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) ( a CPD program)
Community Planning and Development (CPD) (HUD Office of) Note 1: San Mateo County Housing, How To Guide
6
Community Housing Development Organization
CHDO
Definition
Meet strict qualifications set by HUD
Benefits
15% of federal HOME funds reserved for CHDOs
Purpose
Must be home ownership, building, repairing & rental
Affordable housing and related activities
7
CHDO continued
Requirements to obtain CHDO status
Be a non-profit
Has purpose of affordable housing in its charter
Conforms to sound financial practices
Has demonstrated capacity for carrying out activities if
funded
Has a history of serving the community
Has low-income residents on its Board
Provides way to inform clients of project details
8
San Mateo County
Department of Housing
2010 SAN MATEO COUNTY INCOME LIMITS

as defined by US Housing & Urban Development (HUD) and State of CA HCD
Income 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Category
Extremely
Low* $22,600 $25,800 $29,050 $32,250 $34,850 $37,450 $40,000 $42,600
Very Low* $37,650 $43,000 $48,400 $53,750 $58,050 $62,350 $66,650 $70,950
HOME limit
(60% AMI)* $45,180 $51,600 $58,080 $64,500 $69,600 $74,820 $70,980 $85,140
HERA Special $41,700 $47,700 $53,650 $59,600 $64,350 $69,150 $73,900 $78,650
VLI***
HERA Special
HOME limit
(60% AMI)*** $50,040 $57,240 $64,380 $71,520 $77,220 $82,980 $88,680 $94,380
Low * $60,200 $68,800 $77,400 $86,000 $92,900 $99,800 $106,650 $113,550
Median** $69,600 $79,500 $89,450 $99,400 $107,350 $115,300 $123,250 $131,200
Moderate** $83,500 $95,450 $107,350 $119,300 $128,850 $138,400 $147,950 $157,500
9
Coastside Demographics
Data provided by 2000 US Census Bureau

10
Background and History
Community meetings
Virginia Warheit and the site
Surplus county land for affordable housing
County is supportive
2004 Workshop
Over 100 local residents in attendance
Gained agreement on location, appearance and size
11
Background continued
Housing research
County grants
2001 To determine feasibility of septic and water
2009 Do engineering work on the site
Local grants
S.H. Cowell Foundation
Designed an engineering project to eliminate flooding
for downtown Pescadero
Determined OK to build waste water treatment system
12
Housing Options
Potential Home Ownership sites
Warheit, In-Fill and Cottage Courts
Rental Housing
Heirloom homes
13
Community Buildings and
Infrastructure
Native Sons Hall
Waste Water Treatment system
Fire Suppression system for businesses
14
Financial
Federal, state and county grants
Private foundations
Loans
Private Contributions
Sustainable Source
15
Community
Outreach meetings
Communications for clients of project details
16
Strength of Founding Members
Lynne Bowman
Catherine Peery
Ginny Nile
Motivated, capable and dedicated
No affordable housing between Half Moon Bay and
Santa Cruz county line
17
Staff and Board
Find staff experienced in CHDO, development and
management
Add part-time staff as funding becomes available
Board needs experience in:
CHDO
Finance/mortgage/banking
Legal
Housing development
Property management
18
Next
steps
19
Tuesday, October 12, 2010, 7:30 PM,

A. Voting on Town Sign will continue until Old Business
5. FINANCIAL REPORT Financial Report- Treasurer, Greg Bonaparte
6. CORRESPONDENCE Report, Corresponding Secretary, Kate Meyer Haas
A. Housing Committee status of Native Sons and Warheit grants- Catherine Peery
D. Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
E. Communications Committee Rob Skinner
A. Sewer System: Status of Grant Application with Public Works, RCAC Catherine Peery
9. NEW BUSINESS-
A. In the winter months the Native Sons Hall can be cold and the heater can drown out the council members.
What is the best solution for this?
10. OLD BUSINESS
A. Finalize vote on town sign location.
B. Permit process going forward for Town Signmay take up to 3 months. The Friends of PMAC as a
nonprofit will have to do this, with support and direction from PMAC. Matt is trying to eliminate costs.
11. Adjournment. Next meeting Tuesday, Nov 9th, 2010
Minutes
Tuesday, September 14, 2010 7:30 P.M.
Native Sons Hall, 112 Stage Road, Pescadero, CA 94060
1. Call to order/Roll Call: Meeting called to order at 7:30pm by Chair, Catherine Peery
Present: Catherine Peery (CP), Kate Haas (KH), Don McDermott (DM), Geoff Allen (GA),
David Lee (DL), Greg Bonaparte (GB) and Rob Skinner (RS) Excused: None. Absent: None.
2. Public Comments not on the agenda:

Daniel Roberts of Radio Station KPDO outlined recent activities at the Station.
3. Announcements/Presentations:
A. Cody Soules unveiled the town sign and substantial discussion followed on the placement
of story poles in the various proposed sign locations. Matt Jacobs was requested to obtain
clarification from the County on the process that should be followed with respect to the
installation of the story poles.
B. Jered Lawson of Pie Ranch provided background information on the formation of Pie
Ranch and activities that Pie Ranch was pursuing in the Pescadero community
C. Matt Jacobs outlined a possible ballot measure for the next election, including how
County Supervisors would be elected.
4. Approval of Minutes of regular meeting on: August 10, 2010
GA GB KH DL DM CP RS
Motion XX
Second XX
Ayes/Nays X X X X X X X
Abstain
Carried XX
Failed
5. Financial Report:
GB reported on the current bank balances, including $6,662.18 in the main checking
account and $1,123.61 for the copier account. Pattie Brixen also submitted an annual checking
account summary for the main account from the period of July 1, 2009 through June 30, 2010.
6. Correspondence:
CP provided an update on certain permits and on the County chip seal project.
7. Reports from Current Committee Chairs:
A. Housing Committee CP gave a report on the status of the efforts to raise funds for
Native Sons.
B. School Board DM outlined recent Board activity, including the school improvement
grant and the selection of a new principal.
1
C. Emergency Preparedness Lary Lawson reported that the La Honda Ham Radio Club
was working on getting a second ham radio repeater installed in Pescadero.
D. Environmental Committee No report.
E. Puente KH gave an update on activity at Puente, including an update on various job
programs that were being worked on, a review of health programs, various education
programs and miscellaneous other programs.
F. Nominating Committee RS gave an update on possible candidates to fill open
PMAC seats. Those potential candidates include Carolyn Shade, David Lustig and Jake
Bowman.
G. Communications Committee No report.
8. Land Use Committee Report:
A. Wastewater Treatment CP provided an update on the status of the sewer system
feasibility study proposal.
B. Planning & Building Permits were submitted for review by the County and
responded to by various members of PMAC by email. No County response was to
PMAC feedback was received.
9. New Business:
A. Support for Pescadero Foundation/Pescadero History Society. Upon motion by GA
and a second by RS, PMAC agreed to write a letter of support in connection with a grant
application to be submitted to the County.
B. PMAC Term Limits. Following discussion, this matter was removed from the agenda.
C. Local Coastal Plan Amendment. Following discussion, it was proposed that PMAC
be given legal guidance on this matter from County counsel
10. Old Business:

Town Sign. Extensive discussion took place on the process for installing story poles and
the process that needs to be followed at the County level to install the town sign. Upon
motion made, amended and seconded, PMAC recommended putting up story poles in
four separate locations. PMAC requested Matt Jacobs assistance in getting guidance
from the County on the process to complete the installation of the town sign.
11. Next Meeting: October 12, 2010 at 7:30pm
12. Adjournment: Meeting adjourned at 9:30 p.m. by Chair, Catherine Peery

Submitted by Recording Secretary, David Lee
2
From: Matt Jacobs [mailto:MJacobs@co.sanmateo.ca.us] Sent: Tuesday, September
21, 2010 10:20 AM To: Skinner, Rob Subject: Fwd: Highway 1 lighting in Pescadero
Rob,
Per your inquiry on the light, I believe the lighting itself is now working again. I will say I
am surprised as the cause of all this... must have been a fun night for someone...
Matt
"Gidget Navarro" <gidget_navarro@dot.ca.gov> 9/21/2010 10:02 AM >>> Hey
Matt, Here is a response to the lighting on Highway 1 in Pescadero as you can see in
the supervisors response she said you can contact her directly with lighting issues in the
future for that area. Hope this information is helpful. Thanks, The crew checked this
light outage report yesterday, Thursday, September 16th. They found that the lights had
been shot out. The wiring in the pull boxes had shorted and burnt and the service
wiring vandalized and disconnected. Also the three flasher and the photo electric
controls there, had been vandalized and were full of bullet holes. The crew repaired the
field and service wiring and the photo electric control. They replaced the damaged
fixtures and relamped them. The roadway lighting is now working. We will assemble the
replacements for the flashers & benjamin lights and return next week to repair
them. This area is at the far end of our service area. In the future if the citizen sees
other needed repairs, he can contact me directly at 415 - 330 - 6521. We will then be
able to address his concerns in a more timely manner.
"Matt Jacobs"
<MJacobs@co.sanm
ateo.ca.us>
To benjamin_delanty@dot.ca.gov 09/09/2010
11:49
cc AM
Subject Question on street lights on HWY 1
Ben, How are things? Sorry to keep coming to you with questions, but I am not 100%
on who to contact for some things. My question is who would I contact at Caltrans
regarding a street light out on Highway 1 in Pescadero? Thanks, Matt (Embedded
image moved to file: pic12818.gif)Save Paper. Think before you print. >>> "Rob
Skinner" <rob.skinner@gmail.com> 9/9/2010 9:38 AM >>> Good morning... Matt, the
two street lights at the intersection of Highway 1 and Pescadero Creek Rd have been
out and not working for about two-three months now and it's a concern. Could you
please look into that for us?
Gidget Navarro Caltrans Public Affairs Public Information Officer San Mateo County 510-
286-5574 (office) 510-715-7181 (cell)
San Mateo County Boards and Commissions Training
The Brown Act: A Night with County Counsel
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
5:00-6:00 P.M.
455 County Center, Room 101
Redwood City
AGENDA
5:00-5:05 p.m. Announcements

Mary McMillan, Deputy County Manager
Beverly Thames, Webmaster
5:05-5:10 p.m. Welcome

David Holland, Director, Parks Department
5:10-5:40 p.m. The Brown Act

Judith Holiber, Deputy County Counsel
Carol Woodward, Deputy County Counsel
5:40-5:55 p.m. Brown Act Compliance Questions

Judith Holiber, Deputy County Counsel
Carol Woodward, Deputy County Counsel
5:55-6:00 p.m. Closing Remarks

Mary McMillan, Deputy County Manager
September 16, 2010
Duane Bay, Director

San Mateo County Department of Housing
264 Harbor Boulevard, Bldg. A
Belmont, CA 94002
Re: Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council Certificate of Support for Grant Application
to Rehabilitate Native Sons Community Hall
Dear Duane:
The Pescadero Municpal Advisory Council, at its regular meeting on Tuesday, September
14, 2010 passed unanimously a resolution to provide a Certificate of Support for this
Grant Application. The Native Sons Community Hall is vital to the civic life of the
whole community, and is a central location for the delivery of services by nonprofit
organizations to the community, and also services as the Town Hall, where our monthly
meetings are held.
We see the replacement of the foundation of the Native Sons Hall as critically important
to our community. The community has shown its support over the years by first
contributing the funds to buy the building, and in the last year or two, contributing about
$70,000 towards this project. We urge the Department of Housing to give this project the
highest priority in your allocation of grant funds.
Thanks very much for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Catherine M. Peery, Chair


October 6, 2010
California Department of Conservation

Division of Land Resource Protection
801 K Street, MS 18-01
Sacramento, CA 95814-3528
RE: Letter of Commitment for San Mateo County RCD Application for 2010
Watershed Coordinator Grant
To whom it may concern:
The Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council (PMAC) enthusiastically supports the San
Mateo County RCDs application for a Watershed Coordinator grant. As local leaders in
watershed planning, project development, and public outreach, RCDs are the bridge
between agencies and landowners to meet long-term watershed goals. We are proud that
our RCD was the first in the state of California, established in 1939, and that is has a
number of innovative projects underway to improve lands management and water quality.
The work of the RCD is accomplished through strong voluntary partnerships with land
owners and managers, technical advisors, area jurisdictions, government agencies,
advocates, and others.
As an elected council to advise the San Mateo County Board of Supervisors on issues
affecting residents of Pescadero, Loma Mar, Butano Canyon and other South Coast
communities in San Mateo County, we urge you to support the RCD in their watershed
coordination role. This service has been invaluable to us and to our constituents.
In the area represented by PMAC, the RCD provides conservation technical assistance to
public and private landowners and implements projects to conserve natural resources
ranging from assisting farmers with water conservation to working with landowners to
improve and winterize rural roads. The RCD convenes diverse stakeholders and
facilitates dialogue to help us understand and give our voice to esoteric and complex
environmental issues and regulations, provides us with access to scientists developing
Total Maximum Daily Loads for the Pescadero-Butano watershed, and participates on
PMACs Environmental Quality Committee. The RCD has a commitment to watershed
education, partnering to provide outreach and watershed literacy programs in Spanish to
local farmworkers, giving presentations in our local high school, and developing a
Green Jobs training program for teens in a local juvenile detention facility.
PMAC commits to continue our partnership with the RCD- assisting with community
outreach, providing input and advice regarding issues of concern to residents of our
constituent watersheds, supporting grant applications, and providing feedback regarding
programs and documents.
A challenge faced by the RCD is that tax revenues supporting the district, approximately
$50,000 per year, are inadequate to accomplish their ambitious workplan. The remaining
funds are primarily derived from project-oriented government grants, which are severely
restricted in how they may be used and are tied to very specific tasks. As a result, there
are limited funds available for operating support, capacity building, and programs that are
delivered by the RCD that are not billable under the restricted grant funds.
Thank you for your consideration of the RCDs request for support in their essential role
coordinating watershed conservation activities.
Sincerely,
Catherine Peery
President
From: geoff Allen <geoff@foglinenursery.com>
Subject: Re: RCD letter of support
Date: October 11, 2010 6:21:13 PM PDT
To: Catherine Peery <catherine@ben-e-fit.com>, greg bonaparte
<gbonaparte@yahoo.com>, Kate Meyer Haas <katebee@pacbell.net>,
mcdermott.don@gmail.com, Rob Skinner <rob.skinner@gmail.com>, David Lee
<dlee@whiteandlee.com>
Reply-To: geoff Allen <geoff@foglinenursery.com> Katherine,
I won't be at the meeting tommorrow, I think supporting Kelix, and the RCD are important
for the people of Pescadero, now, and as we try to move forward in the future to solve
our town's problems. Most of them center around the creeks, rivers, marsh, beach, and
tidal areas. The Rescource Conservation district can be a powerful ally for us, in that
they can be the "Lead agency" to get funding and bring people and rescources
together to help us through the red tape surrounding anything we as "Local property
owners" want to try and accomplish, to protect our town, and ourselves and ours and our
neighbors property, and property rights.
San Mateo county, Lennie Robrts, Committee for Green Foothills, POST, Midpen, and
all of the other "Save the planet organizations" have their own agendas, out there do not
recognize Pescaderans rights. They all have their vision of what Pescadero should be,
regardless of our property and our property rights. They have worked together for the
past 25 or 30 years, to stall anything that might move our town in the direction of solving
the flooding problem. The RCD gives us a chance at taking the reigns, and solving the
problem.
There was a plan at one point in the past, to dam Butano creek, and create a large water
source for San Mateo County, for drinking water, and recreation. Guess where that left
property owners in Butano Canyon.
Likewise, 12 years ago, Rich Gordon promissed to take the lead in solving the flooding
issues in Pescadero. Guess where that leadership has led us.
To my knowledge, the only project that has taken place to help solve the flooding, in the
past 25 years, was the locally lead project with Bill Cook and other neighbors building
the sandbag wall, which was effective, while it lasted, and hasn't done much lately,
because no one has repaired it, or increased it's water holing capacity.
If we don't find a way to stick together, and work out "Our issues", there are plenty of
other people out there who are willing to take that right away from us. Supporting Kelix,
and the RCD at least gives us a chance at having a voice, and a vote in our future.
Please ask the other board members to support RCD, so we have a voice, ad an
organization to help us help ourselves.
I will be there in spirit Tommorrow night, and If you need my input, you can call me, I'll be
at home. The number is 879-0843, or if it's busy, 879-0264.
Thanks,
Geoff Allen

San Mateo County Resource Conservation District
Current Project List
September 16, 2010
Project Description Partners Funding Key Staff Status
Agricultural producers, NRCS, Farm

Implement over 30 conservation
Bureau State Water Resources Control 30+ projects completed on 19 farms
Agricultural Water Quality projects to improve water quality and
1. Project water conservation on irrigated
Board (federal stimulus funds via Marti Upcoming watershed outreach in Spanish to
RCD is project manager. EPA) farm laborers about water quality
agricultural lands.
Biochar Field Trials proposal Marti
2. Farm Bureau? CCA, AWQA? In early development
development Karissa?
Provide a forum to share ideas and

Community at large Last event Sept. 22nd
information for resource Marti
3. Blue Circle management, education, and
Silent auction at events Results of Ag Water Quality Project and
RCD is project manager. Kx creek monitoring project
stewardship.
Farm Bureau (project manager), NRCS,

Improve irrigation efficiency on Installed irrigation improvements on 5
Cooperative Conservation agricultural producers.
4. specialty crops in San Mateo County NRCS Cooperative Agreement Marti farms
Partnership Initiative (CCPI)
on five farms. Workshop in Spanish to irrigation foremen
RCD provides assistance.
California Coastal Commission (project
manager); Midcoast Community Council;
Montara Water and Sanitary District;
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary;
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Assess condition of all watersheds
Moss Beach Ranch; Regional Water
Critical Coastal Area Pilot contributing to the Fitzgerald Marine State Water Resources Control
Quality Control Board; San Francisco Bay Completed assessment and some
5. Project Reserve and Pillar Point Harbor and Board via subcontract to San Kx
Regional Water Quality Control Board; San confidential pollution reduction projects.
develop plan for best management of Francisco Estuary Institute
Mateo County (SMC) Department of Public
non-point source pollution.
Works; SMC Planning Department; SMC
Parks Dept.
RCD is local host and subcontractor.

Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Prop 84 ASBS, via subcontract to Karissa
6. Waiting for contract
Pollution Control San Mateo County AmeriCorps
Provide technical assistance for

Landowners, NRCS, SMC Planning
landowners undertaking conservation
Grading Permit Exemptions Department
7. projects, exemption from County Fee for service Kx None currently pending
Grading Permit requirements, and
RCD issues permit exemptions.
reduced permit fees.
Provide watershed literacy and job Puente de la Costa Sur, Pescadero High
Federal stimulus funds through
training in natural resources to low School Marti
8. Green Jobs Corps income high school students in
San Mateo County via subcontract Classes scheduled throughout fall.
with Puente de la Costa Sur AmeriCorps
Pescadero. RCD is subcontractor
UC Davis, Balance Hydrologics, SMC
Public Health Laboratory, Regional Water
Quality Control Board, Granada Sanitary
District, SMC Environmental Health
Identification and Collected data regarding harbor circulation,
Services, City of Santa Barbara Creeks
Remediation of Fecal fecal indicator bacteria quantity and source
Assess and identify sources of fecal Division, Natural Resources Conservation
Pollution in Pillar Point State Water Resources Control Karissa SWRCB considering additional funds on
9. Harbor pollution in Pillar Point Harbor and Service (NRCS), Sewer Authority
Board (Clean Beaches Initiative) 10/18
recommend plan for remediation. Midcoastside, Coastal Commission, SMC
AmeriCorps
Harbor commission awarded $15,000 to
Harbor District, San Francisco Estuary
complete circulation study
Institute, Surfrider SMC, County of Santa
Cruz Environmental Health Services
RCD is project manager.

10. Integrated Watershed California Coastal Conservancy; RCD of Funding from California Coastal Kx Moving forward with three high priority
1 of 3
Restoration Planning (IWRP) Facilitate and coordinate projects to Santa Cruz County, RCD of San Mateo Conservancy via subcontract to projects. One restores pond for agriculture
improve fish and wildlife habitat and County; federal, state, and local resource RCD of Santa Cruz County and frog/ snake habitat in Pilarcitos
water quality. Bring together various agencies. watershed. Two improve fish passage- one in
funding and permitting agencies to Pescadero watershed, one in San Gregorio
better coordinate how projects are RCD is project manager for San Mateo watershed.
funded and permitted. Create a forum County.
for collaborative problem solving to
complete resource conservation
projects.
Recruit, train, and support citizen

It Takes A Community to volunteers to collect water quality Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
Karissa Completed 12 months of monitoring and
11. Care for a Watershed data and learn how pollution enters NOAA B-WET
the Sanctuary from their RCD is project manager.
Marti presented results at public meeting.
communities.
Provide outreach and technical

assistance for operators of livestock Ecology Action, Central Coast RCDs
State Water Resources Control
12. Livestock and Land Program and equestrian facilities to implement
Board Proposition 84 ASBS
Karissa Identified early projects.
best management practices to protect RCD is contractor.
water quality.
Coordinate and manage data

Public comment period closed.
collection for the Phase 3 Midcoast
San Mateo County Coordinating entities that monitor water in
Groundwater and obtain any
13. Midcoast Groundwater Study additional baseline information
San Mateo County Marti Midcoast
RCD is contractor. Tracking funding for groundwater basin
needed to develop a groundwater
management plan development
management plan for the region.
California State Parks, Philip Williams &

Conduct a cross-sectional survey of
Associates.
14. Pescadero Marsh Survey the main channels, creeks, and lagoon California State Parks Kx Gages installed
at Pescadero State Beach.
RCD is fiscal manager.
Provide education and outreach to

stakeholders (particularly Pescadero
Facilitated 1 public meeting, working with
community members), researchers, Regional Water Quality Control Board,
Regional Board to set up another one.
and Water Board staff interested in Pescadero Municipal Advisory Committee Regional Water Quality Control Kx
15. Pescadero TMDL Outreach ongoing and future technical studies Board
Exploring sediment market pilot opportunity
Marti Regularly updating PMAC Env Qual
in the watershed that pertain to the RCD is project manager.
Committee
development of Total Maximum Daily
Loads.
SF PUC, CA State Parks, NOAA, City of

Half Moon Bay, Coastside County Water
Convene Pilarcitos Restoration Completed Lagoon project
District, Committee for Green Foothills,
Workgroup and implement plan to Completed road assessments for private
County of San Mateo, MROSD, CA Coastside County Water District,
Pilarcitos Creek Integrated promote balanced solutions to landowners, now doing more
Department of Fish and Game, National San Francisco Public Utilities
Watershed Management effectively manage the Pilarcitos
16. Plan Creek watershed that satisfy
Marine Fisheries Service, POST, Pilarcitos Commission, Sewer Authority Kx Stream surveys nearly complete
Creek Advisory Committee, San Mateo Midcoastside, and Caltrans Workgroup meeting in September
environmental, public health,
County Farm Bureau, Sewer Authority settlement fund held by RCD Developing new MOUs for funding RCD
domestic water supply, and economic
Mid-Coastside, Surfrider Foundation work and stream gage
interests.
Restore and enhance ponds that
NRCS, public and private landowners, Kx
benefit agriculture and support the Working on restoration of 7 ponds on two
agricultural operators. Caltrans mitigation, IWRP,
17. Ponds Program recovery of the California red-legged
USFWS
Jim Robins? ranches in agricultural production to
frog and the San Francisco garter AmeriCorps improve ag viability as well as habitat.
snake.
Address existing regulatory RCD of Santa Cruz County
Addressing Regulatory
(subcontractor), San Mateo County Weed
18. Barriers to Management of constraints to eucalyptus removal in Management Area
Kelli Camara In process, to be complete March 2011
Eucalyptus San Mateo County. RCD is project manager.
California Coastal Conservancy; RCD of California Department of Fish and Held two public workshops in Gazos
Rural Roads Program Karissa
19. Provide education and technical Santa Cruz County, RCD of San Mateo Game, Caltrans settlement fund watershed
assistance to road associations, County; NRCS; land owners and California Coastal Conservancy via AmeriCorps Completing geospatial analysis
2 of 3
homeowners associations, managers. subcontract to RCD of Santa Cruz, Conducting road assessments for
landowners, and land managers to NRCS grant and in-kind support landowners this winter
improve rural road conditions, RCD is project manager for San Mateo via Agricultural Water Quality
resulting in winterized roads County. Alliance
requiring less maintenance and
reduced sediment delivery into
riparian habitats.
Implement critical priorities of the

San Gregorio Watershed Plan (e.g. Coordinating with stakeholders to eradicate
off-stream water storage, off-channel San Gregorio Environmental Resource purple loosestrife in Reflection Lake
San Gregorio Watershed habitat, large woody debris Center, American Rivers, Fish and Contracting with American Rivers for off-
20. Enhancement Program enhancement, water conservation Wildlide Service, land owners and
FWS, American Rivers Kx stream water storage project
strategies, lagoon protection, managers, NRCS. Submitted funding request to DFG
sediment remediation, fish passage). Awarded $40K from FWS
Provide on-the-ground workshops to Public and private land managers, NRCS

Technical Workshops
21. land managers to protect, restore, and RCD is sponsor, presenter, assists with Varies Marti Pond maintenance workshop in spring.
conserve natural resources. coordination.
Collect water samples on private Monitoring water quality on three streams.

Water Quality Monitoring Landowners, equestrian boarding Fee for service, in-kind
properties where requested and make Karissa
22. Agreements recommendations to landowners for
facilities, SMC Public Health Laboratory. contributions from Public Health One is a collaboration, one is a public
RCD is project manager. Laboratory Jake
remediation of water pollution. agency, and one is a single private landowner
Helping private landowner south of

Control or eradicate priority invasive Kx
Pescadero with control of Hypericum
23. Weed abatement non-native plants in priority Landowners, WMA, CDFA FWS, WMA Jim Robins?
locations. infestation
AmeriCorps
Purple loosestrife project (above)
In the wings:
1. Watershed Coordinator- submitting funding request in October
2. Energy audits- waiting for funding opportunity
3. Solutions to Pescadero flooding- submitted funding request
4. Pescadero Watershed Council- submitted funding request
3 of 3
FY 2011 Financial Budget
REVENUE
Grant-funded Projects
Improving Ag Water Quality 51,505
Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative 10,778
Critical Coastal Area 13,000
Fitzgerald Pollution Reduction 50,400
Green Jobs Corps 30,000
It Takes a Community to Care for a Watershed 12,900
Integrated Watershed Restoration Program 25,200
Livestock and Equestrian Water Quality 164,161
Midcoast Groundwater Study 21,047
Pescadero TMDL Outreach 1,694
Pillar Point Harbor Pollution Study 193,992
Ponds Program 100
Rural Roads Program 64,000
San Gregorio Watershed Plan 780
San Gregorio Watershed Enhancement 7,000
Unrestricted 0
Contracts/Grants Subtotal 646,556
Fines and Mitigation Funds

Pilarcitos funds 6,742
Fines and Mitigation Subtotal 6,742
Individual Contributions 1,000

Interest Income 300
Misc. Income 400
Property Taxes 51,000
Service Fees 24,462
Subtotal Other 77,162
TOTAL REVENUE 730,460
EXPENSES
Personnel
Salaries 222,954
Benefits 18,839
Subtotal Personnel 241,793
Operating
Accounting 13,084
Bank Fees 900
Computer Services 2,000
Communications 4,500
Discretionary 1,500
Equipment 9,000
Insurance - Liability 1,900
Legal 2,000
Membership, Dues & Subscriptions 1,500
Mileage 500
Postage & Delivery 1,000
Printing & Copying 1,500
Professional Development 1,500
Public Relations & Outreach 250
Rent 17,700
Supplies 250
Travel/ Accommodations 600
Subtotal Operating Expenses 59,684
Program Expenses
Improving Ag Water Quality 43,500
Blue Circle 800
Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative 8,000
Critical Coastal Area 10,000
Fitzgerald Pollution Reduction 20,000
Green Jobs Corps 4,000
It Takes a Community to Care for a Watershed 6,700
Integrated Watershed Restoration Program 200
Livestock and Equestrian Water Quality 129,687
Midcoast Groundwater Study 250
Pescadero TMDL Outreach 100
Pilarcitos IWMP 12,200
Pillar Point Harbor Pollution Study 137,734
Ponds Program 0
Rural Roads Program 39,200
San Gregorio Watershed Plan 0
San Gregorio Watershed Enhancement 0
Workshops 1,500
Subtotal Program Expenses 413,871
TOTAL EXPENSES 715,348
NET 15,113
Footnotes to the Proposed Financial Budget:
FY 11 Budget
p. 2 of 8
REVENUE ASSUMPTIONS
Grant-funded Projects
Improving Ag Water Quality: This is the anticipated remaining amount in the grant that will
be billed this year, anticipating $35,000 will be paid for construction work that has been
completed but not yet billed; $9,500 for subcontracts for remaining workshop and
outreach requirements; $3,360 for staff time for project administration and management;
and $3,375 in direct project expenses that are billable on this grant.
$51,505 = $35,000 + $9,500 + $3,360 + $3,375
Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative: This is the total amount left in the contract. It is
assumed that all funds will be spent before the contract expires this year.
Critical Coastal Area: This is the total amount left in the contract. All funds may be spent
this year.
Fitzgerald Pollution Reduction Project: The workplan and contract are not yet complete for this
project. This estimate is based on dividing the total amount of the contract over the 46
month duration of the contract, anticipating no more than 8 months of the fiscal year to
be billable under the contract, and assuming that the project will start slower and ramp up
in intensity.
$50,400 = ($483,000/46) x 8 x .6
Green Jobs Corps: This is the total amount of the contract, which will begin and end this
fiscal year.
It Takes A Community to Care for a Watershed: This is the total amount left in the contract. It
is assumed that all funds will be spent before the contract expires this year.
Integrated Watershed Restoration Planning: This estimate assumes planning for two priority
conservation projects this year, with assistance from RCD staff, a consultant provided by
the Coastal Conservancy, and the AmeriCorps volunteers. It assumes that the RCD will
earn the $16,097 remaining in the grant agreement that expires in September and receive
an estimated additional $20,000 under a new agreement thereafter. It also assumes that the
project will ramp up in intensity.
$25,200 = ($16,000+ $20,000) x .7
[Note that this is the estimate for Tasks 1 and 3 of the IWRP grant. Task 2 of this grant is
allocated to the Rural Roads Program and counted separately below.]
Livestock and Equestrian Water Quality: The workplan and contract are not yet complete for
this project. This estimate is based on dividing the total amount of the contract over the
27 month duration of the contract, anticipating no more than 8 months of the fiscal year
to be billable under the contract, and assuming that the project will start slower and ramp
up in intensity.
$164,161 = ($923,405/27) x 8 x .6
FY 11 Budget
p. 3 of 8
Midcoast Groundwater Study: This is the total amount left in the contract, multiplied by a 60%
probability that we will able to bill the total amount this year (based on external variables
beyond our control).
$21,047 = $35,078 x .6
Pescadero TMDL Outreach: $3,387 remains in the agreement to facilitate two remaining
workshops. It is anticipated that only one of the workshops will be required this fiscal
year.
$1,694 = $3,387/2
Pillar Point Harbor Pollution Study: The amended contract is not yet complete for this project.
This estimate is based on dividing the total amount of the requested new amount over the
30 month requested duration of the contract, anticipating being able to bill for work
retroactively to the beginning of the fiscal year, and assuming that the project will ramp up
in intensity. It then includes $35,682 for revenue earned in the last fiscal year that will be
paid in this fiscal year.
$193,992 = ($659,623/30) x 12 x 0.6 + $35,682
Ponds Program: This is the total amount left in the contract. All funds may be spent this
year.
Rural Roads: This estimate assumes completion of a $20,000 road assessment project under
a contract that will complete by February, the remaining funds under Task 2 of the IWRP
contract that expires in September, an estimate of $25,000 additional funds in a new
agreement thereafter, and the $4,000 AWQA mini-grant that has been awarded to this
program and expires this year.
$64,000 (approx.) = $20,000 + $15,135 + $25,000 + $4,000
San Gregorio Watershed Plan: This is the anticipated remaining amount in the grant that will
be billed this year.
San Gregorio Watershed Enhancement: This is the anticipated amount under two agreements
that will be billed this year: We assume that an interagency agreement with USFWS for
$39,994 will not begin before March and that we will not bill more than $5,000 to the
agreement this fiscal year. We assume that we will not bill more than $2,000 to a pending
subcontract with American Rivers for $8,200- $10,000 (total amount still under
negotiation).
$7,000 = $5,000 + $2,000
Fines and Mitigation Funds

This is the amount we estimate that we could bill to the Caltrans mitigation fund for
implementation of the Pilarcitos Integrated Watershed Management Plan if the interagency
funding agreement for that work is not renewed or a similar funding source is not found.
This estimate is based on the amount billed to this project last year for the Executive
Director, subtracting for anticipated maternity leave during this fiscal year.
Individual Contributions
FY 11 Budget
p. 4 of 8
We will pilot a direct mail campaign at the end of this calendar year, with a goal of receiving
$400 in gifts to the RCD as a result. We anticipated $600 in gifts from directors towards the
purchase of a computer.
$1,000 = $400 + $600
Interest Income
We anticipate earning $300 interest from all accounts this year.
Miscellaneous Income
This estimate is based on the expectation of earning $200 from the silent auction at each of
two Blue Circle events to help offset expenses to coordinate and host the program.
$400= $200 x 2
Property Taxes
The RCD expects to receive $51,000 in property taxes this year.
Service Fees
We will bill California State Parks an administrative fee of $5,674 for contract management
for the Pescadero Marsh survey. We will bill for water quality monitoring services with
private entitities, estimated to be $5,288. We will bill at least $12,000 to partners in the
Pilarcitos Restoration Workgroup who have agreed to reimburse us for funding the
Pilarcitos stream gage. We anticipate collecting approximately $1,500 in fees for workshops
we host.
$24,462 = $5,674 + $3,288 + $2,000 + $12,000 + $1,500
EXPENSES
Personnel
Salaries: This estimate assumes employment of a full-time Executive Director at 40 hours
per week for 8 months (due to anticipated maternity leave), a full-time Fiscal Manager at
32 hours per week, a part-time Conservation Project Manager at 20 hours per week, a part-
time Conservation Associate at up to 30 hours per week beginning in August, a part-time
Conservation Assistant at 5 hours per month, two full-time AmeriCorps interns beginning
in October at a cost of $7,500 each, and the estimated remaining hours for two staff
members that are leaving the RCD. The subtotal of these estimated salaries is $206,516.
Payroll taxes on that amount is approximately $16,438.
Holidays, vacation and sick time are included in the salary amount. Workers compensation
and payroll taxes are estimated to be approximately 15% of the Fiscal Managers salary.
Benefits: Benefits include Workers Compensation for all employees; pro-rated contributions
to medical benefits for the Conservation Project Manager, who is a shared employee with
RCD of Santa Cruz County; medical benefits for the two full-time staff members;
retirement contributions for the two full-time staff members at $150 per month per
FY 11 Budget
p. 5 of 8
person; and dental, vision, and life insurance for the Executive Director at $78.69 per
month.
Operating Expenses
Accounting Services: The RCD owes $6,000 for the currently underway biennial audit for FYs
08 and 09. $2,084 is past due for the biennial audit for FYs 06 and 07. If funds are
available, this estimate includes $5,000 for a single year audit for FY 10.
$13,084 = $6,000 + $5,000 + $2,084
Bank Fees: This is the estimated potential cost for using the RCD line of credit to address
cash flow shortages while waiting for reimbursement from grants and contracts.
Computer Services: This item is for technical support as needed. This estimated is based on
the amount spent for this item in the previous fiscal year as well as the set up of new
computers for additional staff this year, a new off-site data storage service, and technical
assistance for seven computers rather than four previously.
Discretionary: This item is intended to cover unforeseen situations or take advantage of

arising small-scale opportunities.
Equipment: This is for a new NRCS-compatible work station, furniture for new staff and
necessary upgrades, paint, rental of a carpet washing machine, three phones and a phone
system.
Insurance/ Liability: This is the amount that is charged to the RCD for liability insurance.
Legal: The RCD contracts with County Council for legal services. This is an estimate of
the amount of services that may be required.
Membership, Dues and Subscriptions: Memberships include California Association of Resource

Conservation Districts, Local Areas Formation Commission, California Special Districts
Association, National Association of Conservation Districts, Bay Area Open Space
Council, Special District Risk Management Authority, and San Mateo County Food
Systems Alliance.
Mileage: This is for mileage expenses that are not billable to specific projects or use of the
NRCS vehicle through a partnership agreement.
Postage and Delivery: This is for postage and delivery that is not supplied by the NRCS, and
anticipates a direct mailing fundraising request this year.
Printing and Copying: This is for flyers, business cards, brochures, and the direct mail
campaign.
Professional Development: This is for registration and materials for workshops, training, and
conferences for staff and board members, such as the annual CARCD conference,
FY 11 Budget
p. 6 of 8
technical workshops throughout the year, County trainings available to special district staff,
and specialized training as needed, e.g. specific software.
Public Relations: This is for costs, including advertising fees, associated with promoting
workshops, outreach, and general communications.
Rent: This item is for monthly rent for office space, $5,400 owed in deferred rent, and
monthly costs for off-site storage.
Supplies: Although most office supplies are provided by the NRCS, there is occasionally a
need for RCD-provided supplies.
Travel/Accommodations: This is to cover travel costs associated with professional

development, such as AmeriCorps mentor training, CARCD conference attendance, and
technical workshops that are not reasonable attended within a day.
Program Expenses (i.e. other than Personnel)

Improving Ag Water Quality: To facilitate implementation of accepted conservation practices
to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution and financial assistance to private land
owners and agricultural producers participating in Farm Bill contracts. The cost estimate
assumes $35,000 for construction and $1,300 to subcontractors for education and outreach
assistance.
Blue Circle: To provide a forum twice this year for sharing ideas, information and resources
for the goal of natural resource management, education, and stewardship. The cost
estimates assume $200 in expenses per event, twice this year.
Cooperative Conservation Partnership Initiative : To improve irrigation efficiency on specialty

crops in San Mateo County on five farms. The cost estimate is for a subcontract with the
Farm Bureau to implement the project.
Critical Coastal Area: To improve water quality contributing to the Fitzgerald Marine
Reserve and Pillar Point Harbor. The scope of work is yet to be determined.
Fitzgerald Pollution Reduction: The workplan and contract have not yet been determined.
This amount is an estimate of the amount of construction that might be completed this
year.
Green Jobs Corps: To provide watershed literacy and job training in natural resources to low
income high school students in Pescadero. $4,000 of the total budget is estimated for
program expenses such as transportation and materials.
It Takes A Community to Care for a Watershed: To recruit, train, and support citizen volunteers
to collect water quality data and learn how pollution enters the Sanctuary from their
communities. This is the amount that is estimated for laboratory fees.
FY 11 Budget
p. 7 of 8
Integrated Watershed Restoration Program: To facilitate and coordinate projects to improve fish
and wildlife habitat and water quality, bring together various funding and permitting
agencies to better coordinate how projects are funded and permitted, and create a forum
for collaborative problem solving to complete resource conservation projects. This
estimate is for conference calls and local mileage.
Livestock and Equestrian Water Quality: To provide assistance for operators of livestock and
equestrian facilities to protect water quality. 79% of the total contract is allocated to
program expenses. This estimate is 79% of the total amount estimated to be brought in as
revenue this year.
Midcoast Groundwater Study : To take steps towards development of a groundwater

management plan for the Midcoast region. This amount is the estimate of what will be
needed for conference calls, mileage, and materials.
Pescadero TMDL Outreach: To provide education and outreach to stakeholders interested in

studies in the Pescadero watershed that pertain to the development of Total Maximum
Daily Loads. This is the amount estimated that will be needed for workshop expenses.
Pilarcitos Creek Integrated Watershed Management Plan: To convene Pilarcitos Restoration

Workgroup and implement watershed plan. We anticipate that $12,000 will be paid to
continue stream gaging through September and $200 will be needed for conference calls.
Pillar Point Harbor Pollution Study: To assess and identify sources of fecal pollution in Pillar
Point Harbor and recommend plan for remediation. 71% of the total contract is allocated
to program expenses. This estimate is 71% of the total amount estimated to be brought in
as revenue this year.
Rural Roads Program: To improve rural road conditions, resulting in winterized roads
requiring less maintenance and reduced sediment delivery into riparian habitats. This
estimate assumes that $4,000 will be spent on a GIS work station, $200 for conference
calls, and $35,000 for road assessments completed by subcontractors.
Workshops: To provide on-the-ground workshops to land managers to protect, restore, and

conserve natural resources. We estimate that this amount will be needed for workshop
expenses including presenter fee, facility rental, and associated materials.
FY 11 Budget
p. 8 of 8
Work Plan Form
Applicant: San Mateo County Resource Conservation District
Watershed Name: San Francisco Coastal South Watershed (18050006)
Watershed Goal #1: Improve, protect, and enhance natural resources for fish, wildlife, agriculture, and public safety.
Objective # 1: Improve, protect, and enhance water quality.

Performance Measurements:
(a) Ongoing water quality data will be collected from 15 locations.
(b) Achieve benchmarks in 35% of water quality improvement projects.
(c) Reach 60% of residents and landowners in priority sub-watersheds.
Implementation
Task Number Description of Task Task Completion
Schedule
Monitor parameters that may impair chemical, physical, or
1.1
biological aspects of water quality to identify nonpoint source Spreadsheets of data March 2011- March 2014
(NPS) contaminants and establish baseline monitoring data.
1.2 Establish benchmarks for water quality improvements. Benchmarks established March 2012
1.3 Work with partners and develop new partnerships to identify List of potential projects September 2011- March
opportunities to reduce NPS contributions. 2014
1.4 Write and submit grant proposals to fund implementation of best 2 grant proposals March 2011- March 2014
management practices (BMPs). submitted
1.5 Provide or assist with acquisition of necessary technical expertise Minimum of 20 partners March 2011- March 2014
(including workshops) for landowners and land managers to receiving technical
implement BMPs. assistance and 2
workshops
1.6 Partner with landowners, land managers, and other stakeholders to Minimum of 20 projects March 2011- March 2014
develop and implement BMPs. in development or
implemented
Objective # 2: Improve and protect water availability by improving instream flow and groundwater management.
(a) Reach 60% of residents and landowners in priority sub-watersheds.
(b) Scope of work developed for a Midcoast groundwater basin management plan.
Implementation
Schedule
Work with partners and develop new partnerships to identify September 2012-
List of potential March 2014
2.1 opportunities to conserve water. projects
2.2 Write and submit grant proposals to fund implementation of water 2 grant proposals March 2011- March
conservation best management practices. submitted 2014
2.3 Provide or assist with acquisition of necessary technical expertise for land Minimum of 12 March 2011- March
owners and managers to implement BMPs. partners receiving 2014
technical assistance
2.4 Partner with landowners, land managers, and other stakeholders to Minimum of 10 March 2011- March
develop and implement BMPs. projects in development 2014
or implemented
2.5 Work with partners and develop new partnerships to assist San Mateo Scope of Work September 2011
County by developing scope of work for a Midcoast groundwater basin
management plan.
Objective #3: Improve, protect, and enhance aquatic, riparian, and upland ecosystem function.
(a) Implement 4 habitat improvement projects.
(b) Develop 6 additional habitat improvement projects to design phase.
Implementation
Schedule
Work with partners and develop new partnerships to identify ecosystem March 2011- March
List of potential 2014
3.1 improvement projects. projects
3.2 Write and submit grant proposals to fund ecosystem improvement 1 grant proposal March 2011- March
projects. submitted 2014
3.3 Partner with landowners, land managers, and other stakeholders to Minimum of 10 March 2011- March
implement projects. projects in development 2014
or implemented
Watershed Goal # 2: Reduce barriers to conservation project implementation.
Objective #1: Facilitate cooperation and improve efficiencies in watershed stewardship.

Performance Measurement: Track and disseminate information about target watersheds to 100% of identified stakeholders at least twice
annually.
Implementation
Schedule
Maintain and share spreadsheet compiling resource inventories, watershed
March 2011- March
1.1 plans and stakeholder priority lists. Summary spreadsheet
2014
1.2 Participate actively in collaborative watershed workgroups. Share Participation in a March 2011- March
relevant information from other watershed groups and stakeholders minimum of 15 2014
regarding watershed stewardship. watershed workgroup
meetings
1.3 Meet regularly with stakeholders and stakeholder groups that are not Participation in a March 2011- March
formally associated as watershed groups. Share relevant information minimum of 20 2014
regarding watershed stewardship. meetings
1.4 Work with partners to coordinate development and implementation of 20 projects in March 2011- March
projects identified in completed watershed plans. development or 2014
implemented
Watershed Goal # 2: Reduce barriers to conservation project implementation.
Objective # 2: Support local watershed partners in developing projects.

Performance Measurement: Facilitate development of at least 2 new watershed projects by local partners.
Implementation
Schedule
Coordinate agencies that provide technical assistance, permits, and funds
2.1
via San Mateo Countys Integrated Watershed Restoration Program 10 meetings with IWRP March 2011- March
(IWRP). team 2014
2.2 Work with local partners and IWRP team to identify and cultivate project 50 potential projects March 2011- March
opportunities. Visit potential project sites to brainstorm possible project identified 2014
alternatives and project viability. 30 site visits completed
2.3 Once key projects are identified, work with partners to develop RFPs and 5 projects in September 2012-
project teams and to develop project-specific work programs. development or March 2014
completed
2.4 Work with IWRP team on outstanding technical issues. Summaries of technical September 2012-
considerations March 2014
2.5 Meet quarterly with leaders of San Mateo County Planning Department 12 meetings March 2011- March
about projects that are in development. 2014
Watershed Goal # 3: Innovate, groundtruth, and share findings to determine best strategies for watershed management.
Objective #1: Utilize the RCD exchange network to coordinate watershed resources statewide.
Performance Measurement: 100% of RCDs that receive Watershed Coordinator grants will exchange resources, provide support to each
other, and otherwise coordinate watershed protection.
Implementation
Schedule
Share documents and strategies for watershed management with 103
1.1
RCDs throughout the state utilizing the California Association of Contributions made to
Resource Conservation Districts (CARCD) wiki website. 25 new wiki pages
1.2 Provide technical assistance to CARCD and other RCDs for 4 training meetings August 2011-
implementation and adoption of wiki website. with wiki December 2013
administrators and 3
training workshops at
CARCD state
conferences
1.3 Participate in quarterly conference calls, regional meetings, and a special Attendance and October 2011- March
session at the CARCD annual conference. participation in 2014
minimum of 15
meetings

P.O. Box 554 Pescadero, CA. 94060 www.mypuente.org 650.879.1691

October 2010
Ribbon cutting!
Thanks to __________, Puentes new toddler playground, complete with 3 groovy slides will be
completed by the end of the week. Stop by!
Anna Eshoos support

Kerry attendee a meeting with our congresswoman regarding our health care needs on the South Coast.
The congresswoman acknowledged our communitys need to amend our Health Care FQHC status and
promised to do some fact finding around the issue and asked Kerry to supply some background data to
her office.
Community Health News

nd
Important to mention again: November 22 Puente is partnering with the Health Dept to offer seasonal
flu vaccines and the TDAP (Combined Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis) vaccine in Pescadero at the
community Church from 3pm to 8pm and in La Honda at the post office from 2pm to 6pm. These are of
course offered with no income requirement.
Good enrollment in English & Spanish language classes and Zoomba is being offered every
Tuesday and Thursday at 6pm, Class is open to all. It is a very popular offering, and sort of a Latino
Jazzercize!
th
Save the Date! Friday, December 17 , La Posida Procession and Community Party!
Puente is holding a holiday celebration beginning at St. Anthonys commerating the trek of Joseph and
Mary looking for safe quarters. The progression moves to the Community Church where there will be an
art event sponsored by Logan Payne and others and then on to a holiday bash across the street at 350
Stage where there will be music, food and fun.
Opportunities to contribute
Work day
th
This Sunday, October 17 is another chance to wear those paint duds and help with some projects at
Puente. Join the Social Action Community of Palo Altos Fist Presbyterian Church. The plan is to paint
the childrens area and tackle some yard work.
Ongoing offer to join La Sala every Thursday evening from 6-8pm and Sunday, 4-6pm
Meets at the Native Sons it is an opportunity for the workers from the ranches and new members of our
community to come together in a welcoming environment and learn of the services available in
Pescadero. As always, everyone is welcome, home made food offered and many opportunities to
improve your English or Spanish
th
Food distribution, generally the 4 Thursday of each month in Pescadero, available to anyone in need
that day or that week. Additionally, St Anthonys Church is distributing Second Harvest staples three
Saturdays a month. Please spread the word.
Holiday Stockings
Puente will be again gifting 200 stockings. Please help us by contributing fun stuff to stuff them with
school supplies, small toys, the cool, fun stuff kids appreciate!
From: Karen McBride [mailto:KMcBride@rcac.org] Sent: Friday, October
08, 2010 2:16 PM To: Catherine Peery Cc: 'Matt Jacobs'; Jim
Porter Subject: Re: Request to re-submit application

Hi Jim and Catherine,
So the October 1st submittal for the SEARCH Grant from USDA/RD has
opened. I would like to re-summit the application that you (Jim) filled
out for Pescadero. Since that one was returned to me as it turned out
to be a loan, we can now submit the same app for the SEARCH Grant.
Since the County has applied, I wanted to ask permission to re-submit
this one but for the Grant. I will be off next week but when I return
would like to send it over to Santa Rosa USDA/RD offices on Monday
10/18.
Let me know if you approve.
Thanks

Karen D. McBride Rural Community Assistance Corporation Rural
Development Specialist-Environmental Office (916) 447-9832 ext
1012 Cell (916) 549-3265 www.rcac.org www.rcap.org
Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC) provides

technical assistance, training and financing so rural communities
achieve their goals and visions.

Tuesday, December 14, 2010, 7:30 PM,

Community Church Social Hall, Stage Road, Pescadero CA 94060
A. John Pliskaannual Alto Velo Bike Race
B. Joe La Mariana from the County status of transfer station, introduced by Matt Jacobs
C. Geoff Allen is retiring from PMAC after 12 yearscomments from Geoff, and remembrances
and congratulations from Council members and the Community

5. FINANCIAL REPORT Financial Report- Treasurer, Greg Bonaparte
6. CORRESPONDENCE Report, Corresponding Secretary, Kate Meyer Haas
7. REPORTS FROM CURRENT COMMITTEE CHAIRS AND COMMUNITY LIAISONS
A. Pescadero Foundation/Housing status of Native Sons and Warheit grants- Catherine Peery
D. Liaison to Puente, County Health & Human Services Kate Haas
E. Communications Committee Rob Skinner
A. Sewer System: Status of Grant Application with Public Works, RCAC Karen McBride
9. NEW BUSINESS-
A. Letter of support for Alto Velo
B. Letter of support for Native Sons, second-step application
C. Schedule goal-setting session, and viewing of community plan workshop for new and old council members.
D. Sand bag signagechoice of wording regarding everyone taking their fair share.
10. OLD BUSINESS

A. Status of town sign permit process
11. Adjournment. Next meeting Tuesday, January 11, 2011, at Native Sons, and welcoming of new members,
election of Officers,
Minutes
Tuesday, October 12, 2010 7:30 P.M.
Native Sons Hall, 112 Stage Road, Pescadero, CA 94060
1. Call to order/Roll Call: Meeting called to order at 7:30pm by Chair, Catherine Peery
Present: Catherine Peery (CP), Don McDermott (DM), Geoff Allen (GA), Greg
Bonaparte (GB) and Rob Skinner (RS) Kate Haas (KH), Excused: David Lee (DL)
Absent: None.
2. Public Comments not on the agenda:
Catherine began by dedicating the meeting in honor of Noel Diaz who passed
away the end of August. Jim Reynolds honored Noel as a prominent farmer, and
a lifelong and well-respected Pescadero resident.
Daniel Roberts, reported on the radio stations plan to put up webcams in town,
planning for 2. One at the firehouse where it floods, (Daniel offered that flooding
report would be updating on radio additionally.) Second camera intended to be
pointing at the town sign. Request was made to add the webcam issue to the
agenda for next month to provide opportunity for community input.
RS reported someone shot out the streetlight on Hwy 1 South of Pescadero
Creek rd, further commented on the quick response from the County.
There will be an upcoming Brown Act meeting w/ County Council, covering
compliance issues. Carolyn Shade, RS, Jake Bowman, CP will be attending.
Invitation extended to anyone else in the community interested in attending.
3. Approval of Minutes of regular meeting from September 14, 2010:
GA GB KH D CP RS
M
Motion XX
Second XX
Ayes/Nays X X X X X X
Abstain
Carried XX
Failed
4. Financial Report:
GP reported $1,123.61 in the copier account.
GP reported $6,131.77 in the PMAC account.
5. Correspondence:
CP reported a grant application for Native Sons Hall has been submitted.
Unfortunately since the building is not a public one this may not satisfy the
Countys requirements and the Hall restoration project may instead be considered
a candidate for a County low interest loan. CP--request made for anyone willing
to send a letter of support (for the effort) to Rich Gordon or the County. CP
suggested emphasizing that this is the closest building Pescadero has to a public
1
one (aside from our schools)
Letter of support for RCD (via email) received a vote of yes from all members
present
7. Reports from Current Committee Chairs and Community Liaisons:
Housing Committee CP reported on CDBG grant application for the Warheit
site. Puente is the fiscal sponsor, Pescadero Foundation is project Manager.
School Board DM reported the schools financial situation. School still needs
to be very careful financially, there may yet need to make more cuts. There is a
request for school board volunteers
Emergency Preparedness No report, but discussion of a fire in Hidden Valley.
Nancy Frost and others of the (78 member) ham radio cooperative were called to
action but no evacuations were necessary, no damage, the fire was apparently
intentionally set.
Communications Committee No report.
Puente KH reported new playground improvements, flu shots to be available at
Second Harvest food day on Nov 22 in Pescadero and La Honda. Friday 17th of
Dec Puente is holding their la Posada. Sunday 17th, workday opportunity for
volunteers at Puente.
8. Land Use Committee Report:
Wastewater Treatment CP reported on a new grant application to revise the
feasibility study. Karen McBride of the Rural Community Assistance
Corporation submitted the grant application on our behalf.
9. New Business
RS requested a vote to try the Community Church for our next meeting pointing
out the space is more comfortable and ADA accessible, the vote carried with CP
abstaining.
Discussion of the town sign and if there had been a no sign option? Question of
who would maintain the sign
Results of the voting on the location determined the site furthest to the East
3 permits will be needed, Public Works (an encroachment permit and its free,)
Building and Planning permit (free,) and a Coastal Permit, (cost was not known.)
In order to get the permits PMAC along with a nonprofit will have to apply
30 community members/organizations contributed to the sign
Scheduling of the executive retreat for all PMAC members, moved to next
meeting.
10. Old Business:
Scheduling of the executive retreat for all PMAC members, moved to next
meeting.
11. Next Meeting: November 9th (later postponed to December 14, 2010) at 7:30pm
12. Adjournment: Meeting adjourned at 9:30 p.m. by Chair, Catherine Peery
Submitted by Kate Haas (filling in for recording secretary, David Lee)
2
From: "Kellyx Nelson" <kellyx@sanmateorcd.org>
To: "'greg bonaparte'" <gbonaparte@yahoo.com>, "'Catherine Peery'"
<catherine@ben-e-fit.com>, "'Kate Meyer Haas'"
<katebee@pacbell.net>, <mcdermott.don@gmail.com>, "'Geoff Allen'"
<geoff@foglinenursery.com>, "'Rob Skinner'"
<rob.skinner@gmail.com>, "'David Lee'" <dlee@whiteandlee.com>
Subject: $$$ good news and bad news
First the good news
You may recall that I submitted a concept proposal in July 2009 with the Bay
Area Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (IRWMP) to develop a
watershed council in Pescadero and to develop some solutions to the
flooding problems. WHAT?!?! You dont remember exactly what Im talking
about?!? Cant imagine anyway, I have pasted it below for your reference.
Just this week, the concept proposal jumped yet another hurdle and looks
very likely to get funded for about $100,000. If funded, we could start the
projects in June 2011.
Now for the not-so-good news
Theres no such thing as a free lunch. What looked like easy money now has
a bunch of complicated forms associated with it that I have to try to hammer
out before my looming maternity leave, when my plate was already full. The
bottom line is that I will do my best but it might be pretty darn imperfect.
Also, I want to manage expectations up-front about what can be

accomplished for flood control with this amount of money. Figure about $25K
for the watershed council. That leaves about $75K to address flooding. I
think this will enable us to do an extensive review of existing literature and
data, hire someone to work with us to nail down and define when where and
how flooding happens, convene stakeholders (including resource agencies
that permit projects), do some surveying and morphological work, and get to
a conceptual level of design solution. Im not sure how far this will get us in
engineered designs or permits, but we will look for funding to take it to the
next level no matter where we end up.
So thats the news. I wanted to keep you in the loop. I will send you the
forms when I have finished filling them out.
Two unrelated issues:

1. Is this the current distribution list for PMAC? I think the website is
outdated, as it still has Jackson, so Im not sure.
2. Your website has an old RCD logo since our website is much more
outdated than yours. J Whoever manages your site can contact me and I will
send our new logo.
Best,
Kx
..'.'..'.'..'. ><((((>
Kellyx Nelson
Executive Director
625 Miramontes Street Suite 103
Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
phone: 650.712.7765
fax: 650.726.0494
www.sanmateorcd.org
Concept Proposal for IRWMP Funding in Pescadero Watershed

July 1, 2009
The San Mateo County Resource Conservation District (RCD)

requests funding to advance planning and collaboration in the
Pescadero watershed in San Mateo County to lay the foundation for
ecological restoration and flood control projects.
The RCD will partner extensively with community stakeholders,

including the Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council and the San
Mateo County Farm Bureau to coordinate efforts in the watershed that
will:
1. develop a solution or solutions to flooding problems in the town
of Pescadero; and
2. build and convene a watershed council to enhance the economic,
social, and ecological health of the watershed.
Solutions to Flooding
Residents of the town of Pescadero repeatedly identify flooding as a
priority resource management concern. There is extensive
documentation of the issue in various reports and meeting minutes.
The RCD will work with community and regulatory stakeholders to
develop project designs and plans that consider community needs as
well as resource protection constraints.
Watershed Council
There is extensive interest in the Pescadero watershed, including a
working group of public agencies focused on fish kills in the Pescadero
Marsh. Some citizen groups convene independently to focus on
watershed issues, including the Environmental Committee of the
Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council and local agricultural
producers convened by the Farm Bureau. Historically there was a
Coordinated Resource Management Planning process for the
Pescadero-Butano watershed.
However, there is no current watershed-wide non-regulatory group

established to bring together all of the interests in the watershed
dedicated to enhancing and protecting the watershed by promoting
individual, and community actions or undertaking collaborative
projects. The RCD will work with partners to create an organization of
community groups, government agencies, business, and academia that
work cooperatively to solve problems in the watershed that uses an
inclusive process to enhance the economic, social, and ecological
health of the watershed.
Co
onsid
deraationns foor
Rest
R torattion
n of tthe Pescadeero
Mar
M rsh
A Report Baseed upon the Proceedings
P of the Decembber 2008 Publlic Forum Resstoration of P
Pescadero
Maarsh: Identifyiing Problems and Explorinng Solutions
12/9/20010
Prrepared for th
he Pescadero
o Marsh Wo orking Groupp. Funding pprovided by tthe California Coastal
Consservancy and
d the U.S. Fiish and Wilddlife Servicee.
Acknowledgments
On December 9, 2008, the Pescadero Marsh Working Group convened a public forum
entitled: Restoration of Pescadero Marsh: Identifying Problems and Exploring Solutions.
The Pescadero Marsh Working Group wishes to thank the Native Sons of the Golden
West Pebble Beach Parlor #230 for providing the meeting facility and lunch for all of the
participants. The Working Group would also like to thank the scientists, community
members, agency staff, and others that gave their time to participate in the forum.
2
Considerations for Restoration of the Pescadero Marsh
Table of Contents
List of Tables .................................................................................................................. 4
List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5
Existing Conditions in Pescadero Marsh ........................................................................ 8
Previous restoration program ...................................................................................... 8
Current State of the Marsh .......................................................................................... 9
Threatened and Endangered Species ........................................................................ 11
Shift in Management Perspective ............................................................................. 14
Restoration Goals for Pescadero Marsh........................................................................ 14
Conceptual Model and Restoration Hypotheses ........................................................... 16
Potential Restoration Actions ....................................................................................... 27
References ..................................................................................................................... 30
Appendix 1: Presentation Abstracts, December 2008 .................................................. 41
Appendix 2: Comments and responses to draft ............................................................ 43
3
List of Tables
Table 1 Summary of Pescadero Marsh Restoration Forum Proceedings ........................... 7
Table 2: Summary of Hypotheses and Recommended Studies ........................................ 18
Table 3 Pescadero-Butano Sediment Yield. Source: Reproduced from ESA (2004). ...... 40
List of Figures
Figure 1 Pescadero Marsh Land Cover and Place Names.. .............................................. 32
Figure 2 Water Quality Sampling Sites.. .......................................................................... 33
Figure 3 Dissolved Oxygen in Pescadero Creek at Turtle Bend.. .................................... 34
Figure 4 Pescadero Marsh Fish Kill 1995-2007.. ............................................................. 35
Figure 5 Pescadero Marsh Conceptual Model.. ................................................................ 36
Figure 6 Date of Sandbar Formation 1978-2009.. ............................................................ 37
Figure 7 Monthly Mean Discharge in Wet, Dry, and Average Water Years Recorded at
Pescadero Creek ................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 8 Location of Fish Kill.. ........................................................................................ 39
4
Introduction
Pescadero Marsh (Marsh) is a 340-acre coastal wetland that surrounds the lower channels
of Pescadero and Butano creeks in San Mateo County, California (Figure 1). It includes a
bar-built seasonal freshwater lagoon as a key ecological feature. The Pescadero Marsh
Natural Preserve, a designated area within Pescadero State Beach, encompasses 235
acres. The Pescadero-Butano watershed drains an area of approximately 81 square miles
and has headwaters in the Santa Cruz Mountains.
During the past 150 years, residential, commercial, and agricultural development has
resulted in the loss of approximately 91% of Californias coastal wetlands (Larson 2001);
the Marsh is highly valued as one of the few coastal wetlands remaining. Of particular
importance is the Marshs estuary/seasonal lagoon. Coastal lagoons are regarded as some
of Earths most biologically productive ecosystems. The Marshs seasonal lagoon
provides critical breeding and nursery areas for numerous species of fish, including the
federally threatened steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Adjacent freshwater,
brackish, and saltwater marshes, riparian vegetation, and upland areas provide essential
habitat for a diverse assemblage of fish and wildlife, including multiple species of
concern.
As is the case with the majority of Californias remaining coastal wetlands, the Marsh has
been significantly altered due to land use changes in and around the Marsh and in the
upper watershed (Viollis 1979, Curry et al. 1985, ESA 2008). It is estimated that at least
half of the wetland area existing in the Marsh in 1900 was lost by 1960 (Viollis
1979).The Marshs hydrology and habitat quality continue to be impacted by a remnant
levee system, episodic sediment deposition linked to past logging in the upper watershed,
and upstream diversions from agricultural and residential development (ESA 2008). The
California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) owns and manages the Marsh, and
in the past several decades has implemented projects directed at restoring the Marshs
hydrologic functions and biological productivity.
Restoration of the Marsh, however, is far from complete. Restoration work that was
implemented by DPR between 1993 and 1997 as part of the Pescadero Marsh Natural
Preserve Hydrological Enhancement Project (DPR 1992) resulted in unexpected changes
to the Marshs physical structure and ecological function, presenting a new set of
challenges to be addressed by future management (Swanson 2001, ESA 2008).
Developing a sound restoration strategy is complicated from both an ecological and a
regulatory standpoint. It requires not only an understanding of the complex physical and
biological processes driving change in a naturally dynamic coastal ecosystem, but
coordination among numerous resource agencies with overlapping jurisdictions and
potentially conflicting management mandates.
Public agencies and other stakeholders formed the Pescadero Marsh Working Group
(PMWG) with the mission to protect and enhance the ecological health of the Pescadero
Marsh ecosystem through collaborative, science-based planning and action. In December
2008 PMWG held a one-day Restoration Forum in the Town of Pescadero at which
5
researchers and professionals with long-term experience in Pescadero Marsh made
informative presentations about key biological populations, ecological processes, and
current and past condition and functioning of the Marsh. A moderated panel discussion
was held during which the group of workshop participants, composed of scientists,
resource managers, and community members, discussed perceived problems facing the
Marsh and generated a list of potential restoration goals and actions. The Forum
proceedings are briefly summarized in Table 1, and presentation abstracts are presented
in Appendix 1.
The purpose of this document is to synthesize the information presented by the speakers
at the Forum into a set of recommended goals and hypotheses to assess in order to
improve the working conceptual model of the Marsh. This document summarizes key
understandings, identifies critical uncertainties, and suggests studies to reduce these
uncertainties. It should be noted that Environmental Science Associates (ESA) conducted
extensive studies for DPR (ESA 2002; Jackson 2003; ESA 2004; ESA 2008) to assess
recent conditions in the Marsh, impacts of human activities, and potential restoration
options (Dr. Daniel Sicular of ESA summarized the findings and conclusions of these
studies at the Forum). In order to avoid duplication of effort the present document relies
heavily on the thorough characterization and informed recommendations contained in the
ESA publications and Dr. Siculars presentation.
The desired outcome of this effort is to develop consensus and momentum around an
approach to move forward with restoration planning and action for the Marsh. However,
in comments received during the review period for the draft version of this report, a
number of fundamental disagreements became apparent regarding the approach to
restoration that should be taken. In particular, the issue of whether to focus on
establishing a system that can be maintained by natural processes or to establish a
managed system that maximizes productivity of species of concern emerged as a key
point of disagreement.
Similarly, multiple stakeholders have advocated for the restoration of the seasonal lagoon
to freshwater conditions, at least in years of average to above average rainfall, but
agreement has not been reached on the appropriate method of achieving this goal.
Significant debate exists regarding the extent to which the timing of sandbar formation
has changed and what point in time should be used as the restoration target. Neither has
agreement been reached in determining whether sufficient information exists to
manipulate the timing of sandbar closure as an interim experimental action while a
hydrologic model of the system is being developed.
We have attempted to point out areas in the following discussion where consensus will be
necessary before progress toward restoration can continue. To further characterize the
nature of the unresolved issues surrounding restoration efforts in the Marsh, a matrix of
comments received from reviewers and our responses are included in Appendix 2.
6
Introduction Trish Chapman (California Coastal Conservancy) presented the
mission statement of the Pescadero Marsh Working Group
Presentations Joanne Kerbavaz (California State Parks) provided a brief historical
overview of the development of management objectives for
Pescadero State Beach
Tim Frahm (Native Sons), William Cook (Town of Pescadero

resident), and Jim Steele (former Department of Fish & Game
biologist) presented concerns about the functioning and
management of the Marsh from the perspective of local farmers,
fishermen, and residents
Dr. Curt Storlazzi (U.S. Geological Survey) described the processes

that control sandbar formation and breaching
Dr. Daniel Sicular (Environmental Science Associates) summarized

changes to the Marsh since the completion of the 1990s
Enhancement Project and discussed restoration implications
Dr. Nicole Beck (2nd Nature) described the role of nutrient

availability and eutrophication as a mechanism for influencing
water quality in coastal lagoons
Rebecca Sloan (TRA Environmental Sciences) described the factors

involved in the development of anoxic bottom waters in the
Pescadero Lagoon during sandbar formation and the fish kills upon
breaching
Dr. Jerry Smith (San Jose State University) described the processes
driving seasonal and annual variation of the ecology in lagoons of
coastal California and discussed restoration implications for
Pescadero Marsh
Panel Discussion Dr. Sean Hayes (National Marine Fisheries Service) summarized
recent findings on growth and migration patterns of estuary-lagoon
reared steelhead in the Scott Creek watershed
Tom Taylor (ENTRIX) and Dr. Stuart Siegel (Wetlands and Water
Resources) discussed how lessons learned from previous restoration
attempts in the Marsh might aid in the development of a new
management approach
Dr. Jeffrey Haltiner (Philip Williams & Associates) discussed the

need to quantify dominant processes in the Marsh in order to
develop a numerical hydrodynamic model for use in restoration
planning
Q&A Audience members directed questions to speakers and panel
members
Forum participants discussed potential restoration projects for the

Marsh
Table 1 Summary of Pescadero Marsh Restoration Forum Proceedings
7
Existing Conditions in Pescadero Marsh
The accumulated impact to the Marsh over the last several decades, combined with the
rare nature of such minimally developed coastal lagoon habitat, has resulted in significant
interest in restoring this ecosystem. Based upon the presentations at the Forum, this
section provides a synopsis of the major problems facing the Marsh that will be used to
identify potential goals for restoration. To place these goals in context, however, it is first
necessary to understand the changes made to the system in an earlier restoration program,
the current status of the Marsh (including key listed species), and the evolution of DPRs
perspective for management of the Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve.
Previous restoration program. In the 1990s a major effort was undertaken to restore the
Marsh through various physical manipulations of the landscape, and much of the
discussion at the Forum centered around the impacts of these projects and their
interactions with other stressors on the ecosystem. The Pescadero Marsh Natural
Preserve Hydrological Enhancement Project (Enhancement Project) included a variety of
physical changes to alter the hydrology of the Marsh undertaken by DPR between 1993
and 1997. This project was based upon the Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve
Hydrological Enhancement Plan (PWA 1990).
North Pond (see Figure 1) was re-connected to the western portion of North Marsh and
the lagoon by removing the levee between North Pond and North Marsh and excavating a
channel from North Pond to Pescadero Creek through the Pescadero Creek right bank
levee; this component of the project was implemented to increase scouring of the lagoon,
improve water circulation in the pond, and provide valuable mud flat habitat for
shorebirds in the late fall and winter. A system of gated culverts was installed to allow for
management of flows to the North Pond/North Marsh complex. The management plan
called for closing these culverts immediately following sandbar closure to curb
freshwater inflows into North Pond and allow for rapid conversion of the lagoon from
salt to freshwater. A set of higher elevation culverts allowed for freshwater flows into
North Pond and North Marsh once the freshwater levels had risen in the rest of the
lagoon. Once the lagoon mouth reopened, the culverts to the North Pond/North Marsh
complex were to also be reopened. A low levee was constructed along North Marsh to
prevent all but the most extreme high tides from flowing into existing freshwater/slightly
brackish habitat for the California red-legged frog. Sag ponds were constructed to
provide additional habitat. The overall objective of these restoration actions was to
realize most of the potential tidal prism and to improve the habitat value of North Pond
without threatening the existing habitat value of North Marsh.
Breaks in the levees between Middle and East Butano marshes, Middle and North Butano
marshes, and North Butano Marsh and Butano Creek were widened and channels were
excavated to re-connect remnant slough channels; this component of the project was
implemented to restore fresh and tidal water circulation in the Butano marshes and
improve Butano Creek flood conveyance. The majority of the levees were left in place to
maintain basking habitat for the San Francisco garter snake.
8
The levee between Butano Creek and East Delta Marsh was removed, a tide gate at the
northeast end of the drainage ditch that divides the Delta marshes (Phipps tide gate) was
removed, and a channel was excavated to connect the ditch outside the levee to Butano
Creek, the purpose of which was to restore natural hydrology and improve Butano Creek
flood conveyance.
Current State of the Marsh. The Marsh is composed of seasonal fresh and brackish water
marshes, brackish ponds, an estuary/lagoon at the Pescadero-Butano creek confluence,
and riparian areas along the channels of Pescadero and Butano creeks. A brief overview
of current conditions in each area of the Marsh, as described at the Forum by Dr. Sicular,
Dr. Jerry Smith, Joanne Kerbavaz, and Rebecca Sloan, is provided below, with an
emphasis on observed changes to hydrology, water quality, and habitat type since
completion of the Enhancement Project. A more detailed discussion is available in ESA
(2008).
North Pond/North Marsh. The Enhancement Project recommended ongoing,

active management of the gated culvert system installed in the right bank levee of
Pescadero Creek that was intended to control tidal flows to North Pond. This
management program has not been implemented for many years and the gates are now
largely inoperable. Observations indicate that North Pond is not flushing sediment from
the lagoon as originally intended. Operation and maintenance of the tide gates, and
keeping the low levee in good repair have proven to be impractical (ESA 2008, p.41).
Monitoring by Dr. Smith (1997) and ESA (2002-2003) found that the low levee
constructed along North Marsh as part of the Enhancement Project was not built to the
design height of +5.5 feet, and as a result when the sandbar closes more water than
anticipated by the restoration design, and sometimes highly saline water, flows over the
levee into North Marsh. The unanticipated flows have also contributed to erosion of the
low levee. A breach in the levee was repaired in 1997, but another breach was discovered
in 2001 (ESA 2008). The reduced height of the low levee limits the amount of
freshwater that can be stored in North Marsh during the winter, and thus leads to the
marsh drying out earlier in the summer. Data from the past 30 years shows that salinity
levels in North Marsh have fluctuated significantly, based in part on season and location
within the marsh. Today, there is significant debate among observers as to the extent to
which general salinity levels have increased in North Marsh since the 1990s restoration.
Butano and Delta Marshes. The widened levee gaps and excavation of connecting
channels as part of the Enhancement Project increased tidal intrusion into North and
Middle Butano marshes and also improved conveyance of freshwater from Butano Creek
through the Butano marshes. The downstream (northwestern) portion of North Butano
Marsh has become more saline, while vegetation sampling in eastern-North, Middle and
East Butano marshes indicated a shift from moderately saline to mildly brackish or
freshwater conditions. The East Delta Marsh has been restored to brackish conditions.
Pescadero and Butano Creeks. A recovery of riparian forest along the channels of
both Pescadero and Butano creeks was observed in 2002-2003, representing an increase
9
in habitat diversity (ESA 2008). Cross-sections of Pescadero Creek measured in 2002
showed slight aggradation of the creek bed (Jackson 2003), but these were considered
within normal variation based on changes in sediment load from the watershed (ESA
2008). A slight lowering in the bed of Butano Creek was observed in the portion of the
channel downstream from Triple Junction, but the creek bed in the vicinity of Pescadero
Road Bridge was aggraded.1 ESA (2004) notes that
Butano Creek, because of its low gradient, small drainage area, and the natural and built
constrictions in its lower channel, does not have the ability to transport all of its sediment load to
its mouth, and the material is instead deposited on the floodplains during floods, and in the stream
channel, at and below the Alder Patch, at other times. Pescadero Creek, by contrast, has the ability
to transport its sediment load all the way to the sea, enabling it to recover quickly from major
storms and to maintain a remarkably stable bed elevation over time (p. 2-8).
At the Forum, Dr. Sicular noted that the Pescadero Road Bridge and the levees along
Butano Creek prevent Butano Creek from establishing a new channel and exacerbate the
flooding of the creek at Pescadero Road Bridge. Flooding at the bridge is a major concern
for residents of the Town of Pescadero and was an important topic of discussion at the
Forum. In January, 2010, Butano Creek jumped its channel downstream of the Pescadero
Road Bridge and is now flowing through the marshes as un-channeled flow (Sicular,
pers. comm.)
Estuary/Lagoon. The Marsh transitions seasonally from an open estuarine system

to a closed lagoon system. In winter and early spring the mouth of Pescadero Creek
maintains full connectivity to the ocean, the main estuarine embayment is open to full
tidal mixing, and some areas of the Marsh are subject to tidewater intrusion. In spring,
summer, or fall, a sandbar constructed by low energy waves forms at the mouth of
Pescadero Creek and remains in place until it is breached by winter storm flows (or by
artificial means, most often carried out illegally). After the sandbar forms, the Marsh is
separated from tidal influence and freshwater inflows inundate the marshes and raise the
water level in the lagoon. As noted previously, the tidal estuary/seasonal lagoon and
associated habitat is a key ecological feature of the Marsh.
At the Forum, Dr. Smith described the freshwater conversion process that takes place in
the lagoon after the sandbar forms. As freshwater from Pescadero and Butano creeks
flows over the top of seawater trapped behind the sandbar, the water column becomes
stratified as the denser salt water forms a layer at the bottom of the lagoon and tidally
influenced areas of the Marsh. The amount of freshwater needed to convert the lagoon
toward de-stratified conditions is determined by the amount of seawater trapped in the
lagoon at the time of bar closure and the lagoon volume. Sufficient freshwater inflows at
the time of closure create enough hydraulic pressure to quickly squeeze the saline layer
out through the sandbar. Dr. Smith noted that quick conversion to freshwater is likely to
occur only under the conditions of early bar formation and substantial inflow at the time
1
ESA (2008) notes that Swanson (2001) observed a sediment plug from 1,200 feet upstream of the
Pescadero Road Bridge to 2,000 feet below the bridge, and during the ESA surveys sediment accretion was
observed down to 3,200 feet below the bridge.
10
of bar formation (wet years). Under other conditions the conversion may be slower or
may not fully occur at all.
Observations made by Dr. Smith and others indicate that although sandbar formation in
the1980s typically occurred between the months of May and July, bar formation since
completion of the Enhancement Project and replacement of the Highway 1 Bridge in the
early 1990s has usually been delayed until September or October (see Figure 6). Dr.
Smith hypothesizes that this delay is associated with the formation of a reverse delta of
beach sand extending up the lagoon, rather than depositing at the mouth to form a
sandbar. Late sandbar formation has been linked to a strongly salinity stratified lagoon in
fall with severe hypoxia and anoxia. Limited impoundment of freshwater during the rainy
season combined with late sandbar formation can result in the drying of most of North
Marsh throughout the summer. It should be noted that the historic record of sandbar
closure and opening is incomplete and conflicting conclusions have been drawn from the
available data.
ESA (2008) conducted periodic water quality sampling in summer and fall of 2002 in
different areas of the Marsh at stations that were established by Dr. Smith after
completion of the Enhancement Project (Figure 2), and DPR and Rebecca Sloan
conducted additional monitoring at these sites prior to and during sandbar closure and
immediately following the sandbar breach between 2004 and 2007. These studies found
anoxic conditions in the lower water column following sandbar closure at sampling
locations throughout the Marsh, including: Pescadero Creek at Grassy Point and Turtle
Bend; the connecting channel between Pescadero Creek and the North Marsh culverts
and throughout the North Pond/North Marsh area; Butano Creek at the ditches leading to
the Foot Bridge and the former Phipps tide gate, and Butano Marsh near the Boat Launch
(see Figure 1). Many of the artificial channels were also associated with hydrogen sulfide
(H2S) formation (H2S is a product of anaerobic decomposition). Rebecca Sloan found
that hypoxic/anoxic bottom water conditions observed while the sandbar was in place
during the fall of 2004 and 2005 persisted until several days after the breaching of the
sandbar (Figure 3).
A fish kill coinciding with the breach of the sandbar has been observed in multiple years
since completion of the Enhancement Project and has included steelhead trout; the first
major fish kill was documented in 1995. Sandbar dynamics and the fish kill are discussed
in greater detail in later sections of this report.
Threatened and Endangered Species. Multiple species of concern use habitats provided
by the estuary/lagoon and marshes for foraging, breeding, rearing, and/or transition to
oceanic conditions. These include steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), tidewater goby
(Eucyclogobius newberryi), California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii), San
Francisco garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia), and Western pond turtle
(Clemmys marmorata). A key goal of the Enhancement Project was to maintain habitat
for state and federally listed species, and state and federal mandates to protect and
enhance these endangered populations are a critical aspect of restoration. At the Forum,
Dr. Smith discussed the general requirements and known use of marsh and
11
estuary/lagoon habitats for each species, which is summarized below. It is important to
note that marsh and estuary/lagoon conditions vary among seasons and years, and
seasonal and year to year habitat requirements of different species are also different. All
parts of the estuary/lagoon and marshes do not have to suit the habitat requirements of all
species at all times, but instead have to provide certain conditions at particular times.
Steelhead Trout. The Pescadero-Butano watershed is known to support an annual

steelhead run. In years when the closed lagoon converts to freshwater conditions, it
provides important summer and fall rearing habitat for juvenile steelhead and can account
for the majority of smolt production in the watershed (Smith 1990, 2008). Rearing
juveniles require adequate dissolved oxygen and temperature, adequate depth to escape
from predators, and abundant food to cope with high water temperature (metabolic rate
increases as water temperature increases). Lagoon-reared steelhead can attain much
larger sizes than their stream-reared counterparts (Bond 2006). The estuary/lagoon also
provides a transition habitat in late winter and spring for smolts from the upper
watershed, with abundant food for spring growth and saltwater pockets for adjusting to
oceanic conditions. According to Dr. Smith, the open estuary is well-mixed by the tides
and maintains levels of dissolved oxygen sufficient to support steelhead trout. An open
estuary appears to provide better steelhead rearing habitat in drought years, when
the closed lagoon would be saline, stratified and warm because of limited
freshwater inflow. In years with adequate inflows for freshwater conversion, the
impounded freshwater lagoon provides much more steelhead rearing habitat than
the open estuary. However, in recent years the poor water quality observed in the
closed lagoon reflects a decrease in steelhead habitat quality and appears to be
associated with steelhead kills during the winter breach of the sandbar.
Tidewater Goby. The tidewater goby spends all life stages in the closed lagoon
and/or backwater channels, use habitats of a wide range of salinity (freshwater to full-
strength seawater) and temperature (8 25C), and can tolerate extremely low levels of
dissolved oxygen. They breed and thrive in summer in calm (non-tidewater)
conditions, provided by the closed lagoon or backwater areas, and need winter refuge
against storm flows and strong tidewater movement, as well as refuge from drought.
They are an annual species, requiring these suitable conditions each year to maintain
presence in the Marsh. As they do not establish populations more than 1 to 2 miles from
other sites they inhabit, if extirpated from the Marsh they are unlikely to re-colonize.
According to Dr. Smith, tidal summer conditions in the main embayment and drying of
North Marsh have probably reduced tidewater goby habitat by 80% and their
abundance significantly.
California Red-Legged Frog. The California red-legged frog (CRLF) breeds

between December and April, and metamorphosis occurs between early summer and fall.
Eggs require low salinity levels (less than 4 parts per thousand (ppt)), as do larvae (4-8
ppt, depending upon tadpole size). Adults can tolerate salinity levels of up to 10 ppt,
although studies conducted in the Marsh found that adults tended to vacate areas with
salinities of greater than 6.5 ppt (Jennings and Hayes 1990). Red-legged frogs are often
associated with water with a depth of greater than 0.7 m and thick emergent vegetation
12
for adequate cover. As they are relatively long lived, with a life expectancy of 5 to 10
years, breeding success is not needed every year for populations to persist in the Marsh.
Pescadero Marsh was identified as a core population area with one of the highest
identified populations of CRLF. Observations in 2002-2003 indicated that some areas of
both Delta marshes provide suitable habitat for the red-legged frog (ESA 2008).
According to Dr. Smith, drying of North Marsh (and probably parts of Butano Marsh) in
summer, and its high salinity, prevent its use by CRLF. These factors may have reduced
CRLF abundance in the North Marsh significantly; however, there has not been
surveying to verify current CRLF abundance in North Marsh or elsewhere in the
Pescadero Marsh system.
San Francisco Garter Snake. The San Francisco garter snake (SFGS) breeds from
June through September. They forage in aquatic habitat, where they use dense emergent
and bank-side vegetation for cover, and they overwinter in upland habitat. They have
been observed to use riparian areas and remnant levees in the Marsh as basking habitat,
although observations from 2002-2003 indicate that dense vegetation growth on remnant
levees in the Butano and Delta marshes has reduced their suitability as basking habitat
(ESA 2008). ESA (2008) recommends determining whether or not lack of basking habitat
in this area is a limiting factor to the SFGS population. Abundance of prey species does
appear to be an important limiting factor in the Marsh (Smith, 2008). San Francisco
garter snake adults feed primarily on red-legged frog adults, juveniles and larvae, and
therefore tend to occupy freshwater habitat. Juveniles feed primarily on the smaller
Pacific tree frogs (Hyla regilla). There is disagreement among observers as to whether
the low use of Pescadero Marsh by SFGS is a historic condition or has resulted from
changes in conditions caused by the 1990s restoration or other factors. According to Dr.
Smith, reduction of the CRLF population in the North Marsh and probably parts of
Butano Marsh has likely significantly reduced SFGS abundance in the Pescadero Marsh.
However, surveys in 1979 (Steele) and 1984 (McGinnis) found very low use of
Pescadero Marsh by SFGS, and neither survey founds snakes in North Marsh.
Western Pond Turtle. The western pond turtle is a freshwater species that can
tolerate moderate salinity. They nest in sunny, sparsely vegetated habitats such as
grasslands and non-irrigated agricultural fields above the flood plain and over-winter in
seasonal or perennial wetlands or in upland habitats. They require adequate basking sites,
emergent vegetation, and suitable escape cover, such as undercut banks, submerged
vegetation, logs, and mud. Smith and Reis (1997) note that western pond turtles were
frequently observed in various locations in the Marsh during surveys conducted in
1995 and 1996, including in the upstream portion of Pescadero Creek, where salinities
were lower and where logs provided basking habitat and escape cover as well as in the
channel to East Delta Marsh and the north ditch of North Marsh. The report notes,
Potential upland nest sites appear plentiful and include open, south-facing levee banks
and the cattle pasture east of Pescadero Creek (Smith and Reis 1997, p.13). ESA (2008)
notes that western pond turtles were observed in Pescadero Creek in the vicinity of Turtle
Bend during surveys of the Marsh conducted in 2002.
13
Shift in Management Perspective. In addition to the changes in the Marsh caused
by the Enhancement Project, goals for restoration are influenced by the evolution
of DPRs perspective on management. This evolution was summarized by Joanne
Kerbavaz of DPR at the Forum as a shift from managing individual features of the
Marsh to restoring ecosystem processes.
During the panel discussion at the Forum, panelists expressed agreement that reliance
upon natural processes and functions is a restoration approach that is preferred over the
use of active measures that require consistent human intervention and maintenance.
However, other forum participants including Dr. Jerry Smith and representatives of the
California Department of Fish and Game have advocated that active management will
likely be necessary to protect and enhance sensitive species habitat. In comments on the
draft version of this report, reviewers from the California Department of Fish and Game
stated that restoration goals should be consistent with DFGs public trust responsibility to
maximize productivity of species of special concern, noting that if active management is
required to restore biological productivity, as is the case in many wildlife preserves, it
should take precedence over a reliance on natural processes.
Restoration Goals for Pescadero Marsh
Five key problems to be addressed by restoration actions emerged from the discussion at
the Forum. These are(1) fish kills associated with the sandbar breach, (2) degradation of
water quality (low dissolved oxygen) in the lagoon and other areas of the Marsh
following sandbar closure, (3) degradation of steelhead rearing habitat resulting from
fewer days of closed, freshwater lagoon, (4) loss of fresh and brackish water habitat, and
(5) sediment accretion in Butano Creek at the Pescadero Road Bridge (associated with
problematic flooding in adjacent agricultural fields and flooding and recurrent closure of
Pescadero Road the main access point into the Town of Pescadero). Restoration goals
must address these problems by promoting feasible actions that apply our understanding
of the Marsh and are consistent with DPR management objectives.
Based upon the discussion at the Forum, it appears that there are four major restoration
goals for the Marsh:
1) Reduce the fish kills

2) Restore water quality and habitat conditions in the seasonal lagoon and establish
and sustain a mix of healthy wetland habitats
3) Restore early sandbar closure in wet years, to produce a converted
freshwater lagoon and to maintain summer flooding of North Marsh.
4) Base restoration to the maximum extent possible on restoring natural processes
The issue of sediment accretion at Butano Creek is outside the scope of a restoration
effort in the marsh. However, potential restoration actions should be evaluated such that
they do not exacerbate the already problematic flooding situation at Pescadero Road.
Challenges and uncertainties associated with each restoration goal are discussed below.
14
Reduce the fish kills. The die-offs associated with the sandbar breach have been
observed to affect multiple aquatic species, but the focus has been on the impacts to the
listed steelhead. A key challenge to achieving this goal is the expected difficulty in
quantifying the impact of restoration actions. An annual carcass survey is conducted
following the breach event and the number of steelhead carcasses counted varies
significantly from year to year (Figure 4).
It is unclear whether the variable survey results represent true variation in mortality or
simply the imprecision of carcass retrieval. Rebecca Sloan pointed out that any number of
mortalities might be unaccounted for each year, citing potential factors such as rapid
consumption of carcasses by scavenger species or washing of carcasses into the ocean
immediately after the sandbar breach. This variability could confound our ability to
detect a reduction in the fish kill unless the reduction was large and consistent among
years.
At the Forum Sean Hayes described a phenomenon observed in the Scott Creek
watershed, in which steelhead migrate in November from the lagoon to upstream
freshwater habitat instead of heading to the ocean. Similar behavior may occur in the
Pescadero system, which could isolate a significant fraction of the steelhead population
from the fish kill event; however, this migration has not been observed in Pescadero
Marsh. In addition, evaluating the relative extent of the fish kill is challenging because
the size of the steelhead population is unknown.
Restore water quality and habitat conditions in the seasonal lagoon and establish
and sustain a mix of healthy wetland habitats. Restoring ecological function to the closed
lagoon will require modifying the system such that in non-drought years, biological
productivity is supported by abundant fresh water habitat, relatively cool water
temperatures, and high dissolved oxygen levels. At present there appear to be several
factors that combine to reduce biological productivity (particularly of key species), but
causal relationships among these factors is not understood well enough to design
restoration projects with confidence. The remainder of this document addresses the
complexity of this issue.
Establishing and sustaining a mix of healthy wetland habitats will likely change the
relative proportions of fresh, brackish, and salt marsh habitat. It will be necessary to
determine how much loss of certain habitats, in particular tidal salt marsh, would be
acceptable to stakeholders in order to increase other types of habitats, such as brackish
and freshwater marsh. It will then be necessary to determine if this conversion would be
considered significant by regulatory agencies and whether mitigation would be required.2
2
Regulatory considerations apply to all restoration goals. At a minimum, projects in the marsh will require
permits from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (including consultation with NMFS and US Fish and
Wildlife Service), Department of Fish and Game, Coastal Commission, and the Regional Water Quality
Control Board. Proposed projects may also be subject to environmental review under NEPA and/or CEQA.
For each project, it will be necessary to determine (1) the potential impacts on listed species, coastal-
dependent and migratory birds, fish, and other Marsh-associated biota; and (2) the potential reductions in
federally protected sensitive habitat.
15
Base restoration to the maximum extent possible on restoring natural processes. If
physical characteristics of the Marsh were restored to a more natural configuration, a full
restoration of natural processes would still not be possible given the extent of
development in watershed. Anthropogenic factors in the upper watershed, such as road-
related sedimentation and modification of quantity and/or quality of freshwater inflows
(reduction in upstream water supply associated with diversions, agricultural runoff,
inflows from the proposed wastewater treatment plant, etc.), will influence the restored
Marsh to an unknown degree. Given the potential unpredictable nature of anthropogenic
influences over time, it may be difficult to determine how the system might be expected
to change in terms of habitat type distribution and availability. Further, future restoration
projects will be affected by climate change (current predictions for rise in sea level and
altered seasonal rainfall patterns will change Marsh hydrology). Resiliency to climate
change will be an important consideration in evaluating restoration scenarios.
Conceptual Model and Restoration Hypotheses
Understanding the ecology of this complex and dynamic ecosystem will enhance the
likelihood that restoration actions taken will contribute to achieving restoration goals in
the Marsh. The first step in this process is to use existing knowledge of the Marsh to
develop a basic conceptual model of how the ecosystem functions, including the primary
factors influencing conditions in the Marsh and the linkages between these factors. The
conceptual model can then be used to develop hypotheses regarding the causes of key
ecological problems, potential restoration actions, and potential impacts of restoration
actions on the ecosystem. Where significant uncertainties exist about the impacts of a
potential restoration action, targeted studies can be conducted to address these
uncertainties and the conceptual model can be refined. The refined model can then be
used to design projects and obtain permits. Post-project monitoring should be conducted
to track results; information obtained from monitoring will be used to modify the
conceptual model for future implementation of restoration projects and/or for
modification of existing projects.
Using existing knowledge about the Marsh and its watershed, the PMWG developed a
draft conceptual model of the ecosystem that was made available to participants at the
Forum (Figure 5). The model indicates how the important physical features and
ecological processes interact to influence habitat and species of concern. The model also
identifies those processes that can be influenced by management actions.
Using the conceptual model, it is possible to identify six key hypotheses regarding the
causes of the previously listed problems in the Marsh. Determining if these hypotheses
are true or false will provide essential guidance for the design and implementation of
restoration actions, and investigating these hypotheses will therefore be an important part
of restoration planning. Based upon the presentations and discussion at the Forum, the
supporting evidence, critical uncertainties, and potential studies to address uncertainties
are presented below for each hypothesis. The hypotheses are organized into three groups:
16
Understanding the Sources of Water Quality Impairment, Investigating Temporary
Actions to Prevent the Fish Kill, and Understanding the Impacts of Reconnecting Creeks
with the Floodplain (Table 3).
17
Hypothesis Suggested Study
1) The tidal prism has increased, Use a hydrologic model to determine if

leading to delayed closure of the reducing tidal prism would lead to earlier
sandbar. bar closure.
Estimate the time required to convert the

lagoon to freshwater based on known
data about lagoon volume, freshwater
Understanding Sources
inflows, and rate of seawater loss.
of Water Quality
2) Delayed sandbar formation and
Impairment
changes in marsh hydrologic Refine and complete the record of
connections decrease the likelihood sandbar formation and breaching pre-
that the lagoon will convert from and post- Enhancement Project.
saltwater to freshwater conditions,
exacerbating the development of Continue water quality sampling during
anoxic bottom waters. sandbar closure to determine extent of
eutrophic conditions and their correlation
with dissolved oxygen.
Identify and quantify water diversions in

the watershed.
Monitor changes in the section of Butano

3) The fish kill is a result of inflow of
Creek that now flows through the Butano
anoxic bottom waters from the
marshes, and determine whether action
channels of the Butano marshes at the
Investigating should be taken to configure a new
time of the sandbar breach.
Temporary Actions to channel.
Prevent the Fish Kill 4) Most steelhead move upstream
when water quality declines in the Undertake a major monitoring effort to
lagoon, and the fish kill represents a track the steelhead in the lagoon and
small component of the population. Pescadero and Butano Creeks.
5) Changes in marsh hydrologic Repair the low levee.

connections have reduced habitat for
fresh and brackish water species by Use a hydrologic model to predict
increasing tidal intrusion, reducing changes to the salinity regime of the
freshwater impoundment, and reducing marsh under various conditions of flow
flood conveyance. and levee configurations.
Understanding
Impacts of
Monitor changes in the section of Butano
Reconnecting Creeks
Creek that now flows through the Butano
with the Floodplain
marshes, and determine whether action
6) Man-made structures constrict the
should be taken to configure a new
lower channel of Butano Creek,
channel.
reducing sediment transport and flood
conveyance through Butano Creek and
Use modeling developed to address
marshes.
Hypothesis 5 to determine the effects of
reconnecting Butano Creek to its
floodplain.
Table 2: Summary of Hypotheses and Recommended Studies
18
Understanding Sources of Water Quality Impairment. Hypotheses 1 and 2 concern water
quality problems that have been observed during sandbar closure. Warm, oxygen-
depleted bottom waters in the Marsh result in low biological productivity (low
invertebrate abundance) and reduce the quality of rearing habitat for steelhead and other
aquatic organisms (Smith 1990). Identifying the main factors contributing to poor water
quality conditions is necessary to develop restoration actions to address this problem.
Hypothesis 1: The tidal prism has increased, leading to delayed closure of the
sandbar.
As noted previously, observations indicate that the sandbar forms in late fall since
completion of the Enhancement Project as opposed to late spring or early summer as
primarily seen in the 1980s, and delayed sandbar formation has been linked to poor water
quality conditions in the Marsh. At the Forum, Dr. Curt Storlazzi of the U.S. Geological
Survey explained the process of sandbar formation. Longshore currents, generated by
small waves approaching the shore at an angle, carry sand along the shore down from the
direction of wave approach. As the sand is transported, bar formation can occur at the
mouth of streams when stream discharge and tidal exchange are low. Beach sand along
the coast of California is typically transported from north to south due to waves
predominantly approaching the shoreline from the northwest; during an El Nio year,
however, waves approach from the west or southwest and southward transport of sand is
less common (Patsch and Griggs 2006; Storlazzi 2008).
The tidal prism, which is the volume of seawater moving in and out of the estuary on the
tides, is defined by the morphology of the estuary. A smaller tidal prism means lower
tidal current velocities that would promote bar formation for a given longshore transport
rate, while a larger tidal prism, for the same longshore transport rate, would inhibit bar
formation. The tidal prism is known to have increased following the 1990s restoration.
It is important to note that the tidal prism in existence prior to the Enhancement Project
was itself an artifact of the extensive levee system that was already in place at that time.
It is likely that the historical tidal prism prior to anthropogenic changes to the marsh was
larger than the present tidal prism. Indeed, the Enhancement Plan noted as a constraint
the need to not allow full restoration of the historic tidal prism so that the lagoon mouth
would not stay open too far into the summer (PWA 1990).
Dr. Storlazzi explained that the tidal prism is just one of multiple factors influencing
sandbar formation. Formation of the sandbar also depends upon winds, which generate
the currents and waves that drive longshore sediment transport; waves, which generate
currents and re-suspend sediment and can be either constructive (small, long-period
waves) or destructive (large, short-period storm waves); precipitation and run-off, which
deliver sediment (constructive) and water (destructive) to the estuary; oceanic water
level, which determines the elevation of wave attack and drives water flow across the
estuarys mouth; and sand abundance. During El Nio winters, which are characterized
by frequent, intense storms and higher-than-normal sea levels and wave heights, severe
beach erosion can occur, reducing the sand supply and delaying sandbar formation
19
(Storlazzi 2008). In some years, stream flows alone may be sufficient to delay sandbar
formation (ESA 2008). ESA (2008) estimated that stream flows of 11 ft3s-1 at the mouth
would be sufficient to keep the mouth scoured and prevent sandbar formation. Relatively
early closure during the late 1980s may have been influenced by low stream flows during
the drought (Sicular pers. comm).
To assess Hypothesis 1 a hydrologic model could be developed to evaluate the effects of

the tidal prism on pre-1990s and post-restoration conditions in the Marsh and used to
evaluate the probability that reducing the tidal prism would lead to earlier bar closure.
If the model suggests that reducing the tidal prism would lead to earlier bar closure, a
reversible reduction in the tidal prism could be designed, implemented, and the effect on
the sandbar monitored. It has been suggested such a reduction could be achieved by
temporarily blocking off the culverts to North Pond.3 Although early closure of the mouth
may be desirable for conversion to freshwater, it may not be possible to accomplish due
to the multiple factors influencing sand bar formation. ESA (2008) conclude that it
seems unlikely that manipulation of the closure date is possible due to the interaction of
processes involved in sandbar formation.
Hypothesis 2: Delayed sandbar formation and changes in marsh hydrologic

connections decrease the likelihood that the lagoon will convert from saltwater to
freshwater conditions, leading to the development of anoxic bottom waters.
The Enhancement Project increased tidal intrusion into some areas of the Marsh,
including North Marsh and North Pond via the channel through the Pescadero Creek right
bank levee and North and Middle Butano marshes via the reconnected slough channels
and ditches in the Butano marshes (ESA 2008). This has resulted in an increase in the
amount of seawater trapped in the Marsh following sandbar closure, which in turn
increases the quantity of freshwater needed to de-stratify the lagoon. As noted earlier,
observations indicate that since completion of the Enhancement Project, the sandbar
tends to form later in the year, with closure occurring more often in the late summer or
fall rather than in the spring or early summer (Figure 6).
Rebecca Sloan noted that spring sandbar formation does still occur. During her studies of
the Marsh, sandbar closure occurred in April of both 2004 and 2007. On both occasions,
the sandbar was breached shortly after formation and did not reform until the late fall. It
is not known if the breaching was natural or artificial.4
At the Forum Dr. Smith noted that late sandbar formation reduces both the rate at which
de-stratification occurs and the time available for complete freshwater conversion before
3
This action must be accompanied by monitoring of sensitive habitat and species in the vicinity of the
project and must be reversible so that negative ecological impacts, should they occur, can be minimized.
4
It is known that artificial breaching of the sandbar occurred prior to DPRs acquisition of the Marsh, and
reports from local residents indicate artificial breaching still occurs in some years. The frequency of
artificial breaching is unknown and difficult to monitor.
20
the bar is breached by winter storms. Low stream flows typical of late summer (Figure 7)
are often insufficient to facilitate conversion. In addition to late sandbar formation,
conversion to freshwater conditions can be delayed or prevented due to drought
(insufficient freshwater inputs), seawater over-wash into the closed lagoon (re-stratifying
the lagoon), or natural or artificial breaching of the sandbar followed by sandbar re-
formation (reintroducing saltwater and re-stratifying the lagoon) (Smith 1990).
Dr. Smith explained that in the absence of sufficient freshwater inflows, deeper portions
of the lagoon and wind-protected areas of the Marsh can remain stratified for prolonged
periods due to lack of convective mixing. Oxygen consumption is greatest at the bottom
of the water column where organic matter accumulates and is decomposed. Stratification
also leads to warmer bottom waters. During daylight hours, solar radiation heats the
water column. Night-time air temperatures cool surface waters, but density stratification
prevents advection of heat from the bottom saline layer to the surface and heat remains
trapped within the saline layer. Hypoxic (< 2 mg O2 L-1) or anoxic (0 mg O2 L-1)
conditions eventually develop in the bottom waters due to biological consumption of
dissolved oxygen and decreased oxygen solubility associated with elevated water
temperature. Anoxic conditions can in turn produce abundant reduced iron and sulfur
compounds with high chemical oxygen demand. Mobilization of these compounds during
a breach event can rapidly deplete surface oxygen.
Studies conducted by Dr. Smith prior to implementation of the 1990s restoration

indicated some inter-annual variability in lagoon water quality conditions and ecology
(Smith 1990), based upon timing of sandbar formation and amount of inflows to the
lagoon, and he noted at the Forum that natural variability will result in the lagoon
environment not being optimal for all species in all years.
As discussed previously, studies conducted between 2001 and 2007 by ESA, DPR, and
Rebecca Sloan indicate that following sandbar closure, anoxic bottom waters form in
multiple locations throughout the Marsh and appear to persist until several days after the
sandbar breach. Rebecca Sloan concluded that anoxic conditions were driven by both
salinity stratification and eutrophication. Her studies of the Marsh between 2004 and
2007 indicated that during sandbar closure, salinity was the only independent variable
that was significantly correlated with oxygen availability, explaining 39% of the
variability in dissolved oxygen in the water column. She also found that Chlorophyll a,
Secchi disk depth, and surface nitrate and phosphate measurements taken in the Marsh
during sandbar closure suggested medium to high levels of eutrophication (Bricker et al.
1999), especially in certain locations. Dr. Smith suggests that salinity stratification, not
eutrophication, is the dominant feature of the water quality problem in the Marsh, citing
well-mixed systems such as the Pajaro and Salinas lagoons that, despite having highly
eutrophic conditions due to abundant agricultural return flows, maintain relatively high
dissolved oxygen levels.
In concluding remarks, Ms. Sloan stated that understanding the timing and nature of
sandbar formation and breach, including those artificially performed by the public,
should be the number one management priority in the marsh. She noted that current water
21
quality data do not characterize the marsh adequately because they are influenced by
artificial breaches. For instance, Ms. Sloan thought it likely that the sandbars that formed
in the spring of 2004 and 2007 were artificially breached. These breaches undoubtedly
altered water quality throughout the marsh for the remainder of the summer and fall, and
almost certainly impacted the entire lagoon ecosystem.
Diversions in the upper watershed also have a significant impact on the Marsh, as the
quantity of freshwater inflows is directly linked to habitat quality. Current estimates for
freshwater inflows into the Marsh are obtained from the USGS gauge at stream mile 5.3
on Pescadero Creek (see Figure 7), but Forum participants noted that numerous
diversions exist downstream of the gauge. Developing a better understanding of the
extent of upstream diversions and their impact on streamflow will therefore be critical in
restoration planning.
To determine if Hypothesis 2 is true or false, there are several questions that must be
addressed by separate studies.
Question 1: To what degree can natural variables (i.e. rainfall and seawater
intrusion) be expected to influence the rate of the freshwater conversion? To address this
question an analysis should be conducted to estimate the time required to convert the
lagoon to freshwater based on known data about lagoon volume, freshwater inflows, and
rate of seawater loss. The volume of seawater likely to be trapped in the Marsh by the
sandbar can be estimated with current information for bathymetry and tidal prism. The
most recent surveys of bathymetry or hypsometry in recent years were the cross section
surveys conducted by ESA in 2001-2002. New surveys will be necessary for accurate
modeling, as some areas of the Marsh appear to have changed substantially. Using
streamflow data from the USGS gauge on Pescadero Creek (and estimates of flows from
Butano Creek), the time needed for freshwater conversion for dry, average, and wet years
can be approximated.
This analysis would allow us to roughly model the conversion process, and to develop the
capacity to predict conditions or years in which the lagoon will be stratified or will
convert to freshwater. Monitoring to track the state of the lagoon can then be used to test
predictions and refine the conceptual model. If our predictions are accurate, we can be
more confident about using the conceptual model to design restoration actions.
Question 2: How frequently does spring sandbar formation occur and how quickly
is the sandbar typically breached? To answer this question we can refine and complete
the record of sandbar formation and breaching to the maximum extent possible. Tracking
sandbar formation and breaching will allow these events to be correlated to
environmental phenomena (i.e. storm events) or possible human intervention (i.e. illegal
artificial breaching). A method for monitoring/preventing illegal artificial sandbar
breaching, such as installing a web camera, will likely be needed). Understanding if the
sandbar is forming early in the year but being breached is important if this early season
22
breaching can be controlled by management actions, as this would theoretically enhance
the conversion of the marsh to freshwater conditions and prevent salinity stratification.
Question 3: How significant a factor is eutrophication in the formation of anoxic

bottom waters? This question can be addressed by continuing water quality sampling
during sandbar closure to determine the extent of eutrophic conditions and their
correlation with dissolved oxygen. If eutrophic conditions were correlated strongly with
dissolved oxygen concentrations regardless of salinity stratification, this would suggest
that nutrient inputs to the system might contribute to poor water quality regardless of the
conversion to freshwater. In such a case, it may be possible to identify controllable
sources of nutrient input to the lagoon.
Question 4:Do water diversions in the upper watershed significantly alter

freshwater inflows to the Marsh? To address this question water diversions in the
watershed must be identified and quantified. GIS-based modeling techniques are
available to evaluate the cumulative impacts of diversion on the natural hydrograph
during wet and dry seasons in dry, average, and wet water years (Merenlender et al.
2008). Depending upon the results of these investigations, it would be possible to work
with landowners in the watershed to adjust rates and timing of diversions during low-
flow periods to improve habitat quality in the Marsh.
Investigating Temporary Actions to Prevent the Fish Kill. Various stakeholders in the
Marsh have expressed great concern over the fish kill and seek an immediate solution for
preventing the die-off while longer term studies to identify the underlying causes are
conducted. Hypothesis 3 has been proposed by several stakeholders and was discussed at
the Forum.
Hypothesis 3: The fish kill is a result of inflow of anoxic bottom waters from
the channels of the Butano marshes at the time of the sandbar breach.
Following the fish kill in 2003, steelhead carcasses were analyzed at the University of
California, Davis Fisheries Pathology Lab to determine cause of mortality. The autopsies
revealed no evidence of pathogen-related mortality and the fish pathologist concluded the
cause was likely environmental in nature (Sicular pers. comm. as cited in Sloan 2006).
Rebecca Sloan conducted discrete and continuous water quality sampling in different
areas of the Marsh during sandbar closure and in the days immediately following the
breach annually from 2004 to 2007, measuring dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature,
hydrogen sulfide, nutrient concentrations, and sediment characteristics. Sampling ruled
out ammonia toxicity and sediment toxicity as likely causes of mortality, and Sloan
concluded that hypoxia was likely the main contributing factor.
As previously noted, sampling conducted by ESA, Rebecca Sloan, and DPR found poor
water quality conditions in multiple locations throughout the Marsh. In addition, H2S
formation was found to occur in the deep, relatively isolated areas of the artificial ditch
23
system in areas of fine-grained, organic-rich sediments, including the boat launch and the
Phipps Tide Gate (D-3 and G-1 in Figure 2).
It is hypothesized that the fish kill results from the rapid mixing of anoxic bottom waters
into areas being utilized by fish as the Marsh drains at the time of sandbar breach. Fish
mortality may be a result of suffocation or due to H2Sproduction promoted by anoxic
conditions that then poisons the fish.
Rebecca Sloan noted that tide gates at the Pescadero channel/Pescadero Creek junction
restrict post-breach mixing but that similar obstructions are not present between the
Butano channel and Butano Creek, facilitating mixing at the time of sandbar breach.
Sampling throughout the Marsh immediately following the breach indicated significantly
lower dissolved oxygen in Butano Channel during the first 24 hours after the breach than
in other areas of the Marsh. Carcass distribution following the sandbar breach has not
been uniform for all species involved in the die-off, but steelhead carcasses appear to be
concentrated between the Butano channel outlet and the confluence of Pescadero and
Butano creeks (Figure 8).
To investigate Hypothesis 3, a study to determine the role of artificial channel (ditch)

morphology in stratification/ H2S formation and post-sandbar breach flow dynamics
would be required. At the Forum it was suggested that a temporary weir could be
installed in the Butano channel upstream of the pedestrian bridge to delay the mixing of
poor quality water into Butano Creek at the time of the sandbar breach. If pre-breach
water sampling confirmed the presence of anoxic bottom waters and the presence of H2S,
then a reduced fish kill following breaching of the lagoon could implicate the oxygen-
poor waters from Butano channel as a cause. However, multiple confounding factors
could make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. As of 2010, this measure now appears to
be infeasible as Butano Creek recently changed course and flows un-channeled through
the Butano marshes. The artificial channel at the pedestrian bridge is now part of the
Butano Creek mainstem (Sicular pers. comm.). Instead, it will be important to document
and monitor the changes that are occurring, and to determine whether any action should
be taken to configure a new channel. Steelhead passage in and out of Butano Creek is
currently impeded due to the lack of channel. There may be insufficient hydraulic force
to configure a new channel through the Butano marshes due to the attenuation of flows
through the alder patch upstream of Pescadero Road Bridge. If such a channel were to
form, it could potentially reduce the fish kill by converting the ditches into stream
channels and eliminating the areas that are subject to H2S formation, and would also
enable steelhead passage up and down Butano Creek (Sicular pers. comm.).
Hypothesis 4. Most steelhead move upstream when water quality declines in the
lagoon, and the fish kill represents a small component of the population.
At the Forum Sean Hayes described how steelhead in the Scott Creek lagoon move
upstream at the end of the summer, spending another winter in freshwater. If this is
happening in Pescadero lagoon, a portion of the steelhead population might be avoiding
the impact of the anoxic waters.
24
To investigate Hypothesis 4 a major monitoring effort would be required to track the
steelhead in the lagoon and Pescadero and Butano creeks. This study would determine if
fish are moving upstream, what portion of the population they represent, and what
conditions are required for passage. It is important to note that the purpose of the
proposed study is not to diminish efforts to prevent the fish kill, but rather to improve
understanding of steelhead population dynamics in the system. Efforts to prevent the
annual fish kill should continue regardless of the extent of its impact on the watersheds
steelhead population.
Understanding Impacts of Reconnecting Creeks with the Floodplain. It is known

that the lower reaches of Pescadero and Butano creeks have restricted access to or are cut
off from their floodplains by the levee system. Problems that have been associated with
these modifications are discussed under Hypotheses 5 and 6.
Hypothesis 5: Changes in Marsh hydrologic connections have reduced habitat for

fresh and brackish water species by increasing tidal intrusion and reducing flood
conveyance.
The levee on the right bank of Pescadero Creek prevents overbank flow of freshwater
into North Marsh during floods events (ESA 2008). As noted previously, the height of the
low levee along the western edge of North Marsh is lower than the design height of +5.5
feet and can be overtopped in extreme high tides and also impounds less freshwater in
North Marsh than intended in the 1990s restoration design. The combination of these
factors appears to have reduced freshwater habitat in the North Marsh. Sampling
conducted by ESA in 2002 indicated predominantly saline conditions in the North Marsh
prior to sandbar closure and brackish to saline conditions following sandbar closure. The
red-legged frog had been documented in the North Marsh prior to and in several years
following the Enhancement Project (Jennings and Hayes 1990, Smith and Reis 1997), but
ESA (2008) measured salinities during sampling in 2002 that indicated poor-quality
breeding and rearing habitat for this species.
Given the strong evidence that important habitat for the red-legged frog has been lost in
the North Marsh, and that one cause of this loss is the deterioration of the low levee,
repairing the low levee, at least as an interim measure, was identified in the Forum as a
high priority action.
To develop potential restoration actions to improve habitat conditions in the long term,
Hypothesis 5 could be investigated by using a hydrologic model to predict changes to the
salinity regime of the Marsh under various conditions of flow and levee configurations.
Available information could be used to determine pre-disturbance configuration of the
Marsh, including location of natural levees (ESA 2008 provides a good description). The
model could be used to investigate changes to the Marsh that would result from
reconnecting Pescadero Creek to its floodplain, including channel meandering, sediment
transport, flood conveyance, and shoreline erosion. The changes projected by the model
could then be used to judge the impact to aquatic habitats and species of concern.
25
Hypothesis 5 (and others as well) also requires information about the long-term
population trends of sensitive species in the Marsh. The ultimate goal of any Marsh
restoration is to develop robust populations of the diverse array of endangered species
that are found in the ecosystem. In order to understand the status of these populations and
the impact of environmental variation and future management actions, these populations
must be monitored on a regular basis. Population monitoring would be required for
steelhead, tidewater goby, red-legged frog, and the San Francisco garter snake.
In follow up comments from the Forum, Joanne Kerbavaz noted that additional studies to
better characterize changes in habitat for fresh and brackish water species in the Marsh
may also be valuable given the possibility that as habitat in some areas has become less
suitable, habitat in other areas has expanded.
Hypothesis 6: Man-made structures constrict the lower channel of Butano Creek,

reducing sediment transport and flood conveyance through Butano Creek and
marshes.
Pescadero and Butano creeks are listed as impaired by sediment pursuant to 303(d) of
the Clean Water Act, and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) requirements are being
developed for Pescadero and Butano creeks by the San Francisco Regional Water Quality
Control Board5. Sediment problems result in large part from massive disturbance from
logging in the 1950s and stream diversion (ESA 2004). The cause of sediment accretion
in Butano Creek is thought to be that the creek loses hydraulic force approximately 1,200
feet upstream from the Pescadero Road Bridge due to overflow on the east bank,
reducing sediment transport capacity and resulting in the accumulation of sediment in the
channel near the bridge over time (Swanson 2001 in ESA [2008]).
Sediment accumulation and the presence of artificial structures have also been associated
with the problematic flooding of Butano Creek at Pescadero Road. The levees along
Butano Creek prevent the overflow on the east bank from re-entering the stream channel,
and the Pescadero Road Bridge itself restricts conveyance of floodwaters downstream
through the Butano marshes (Swanson 2001 in ESA [2008]). Flooding at Pescadero Road
has significantly impacted residents of the Town of Pescadero.
Sediment transport in Butano Creek may be aided by actions in the Marsh, including
reconfiguring of the bridge and removal of levees, but at present appears to be a long-
term, systemic, and largely intractable problem (Sicular pers. comm.). ESA (2004) noted
that sedimentation from the upper watershed has decreased in the past three decades due
to better land use practices (Table 4). It is recommended in ESA (2008) that the creek
cross sections established in 1987 be resurveyed following major storm events to verify
the reductions in sediment yield and improve understanding of sediment dynamics over
time.
5
http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/water_issues/programs/TMDLs/pescaderobutanocrkstmdl
.shtml
26
The migration of Butano Creek into the marshes, and the eventual establishment of a new
channel as the stream starts meandering through the relatively wide-open marshes, may
improve sediment transport. As noted in Hypothesis 3, it will be necessary to conduct
monitoring to determine whether Butano Creek will form a new channel through the
marshes or continue to diffuse through the tules.
The modeling project developed to address Hypothesis 5 could also be used to determine
the effects of reconnecting Butano Creek to its floodplain. Information obtained from
modeling can be used to design restoration projects that will improve habitat in the Marsh
and reduce flooding in the Town of Pescadero.
Potential Restoration Actions
A list of potential restoration actions was developed at the Forum. The studies suggested
in the previous section will help determine which of these restoration actions are good
candidates for implementation and will also be used to develop additional candidate
projects. The list of actions generated at the Forum and their potential benefits and
problems are included below. Some of these potential actions are also discussed in ESA
(2008). Actions 6-8 were suggested in follow up comments from the Forum.
1. Lower the right bank levee of Pescadero Creek at the upper end of the Marsh
Potential benefits: This action would be expected to re-establish natural hydrologic and
geomorphologic processes by connecting Pescadero Creek with its floodplain and
provide increased freshwater flow to North Marsh to support greater area of fresh or
brackish water marsh. It would minimize maintenance requirements and help create a
self-sustaining system.
Potential problems: Increasing flood conveyance from Pescadero Creek into North Marsh
may result in reduced sediment transport capacity for lower Pescadero Creek, leading to
aggradation of the stream bed (ESA 2008). This might also encourage the conversion of
rare salt marsh to brackish marsh at the fringes of North Marsh.
2. Raise (or at least repair) the low levee along the channel adjacent to North Marsh
that leads to North Pond.
Potential benefits: This action would be expected to reduce tidal flows to North Marsh
and thus reduce salinity, restoring brackish water habitat. In order to maximize
restoration of brackish and freshwater habitat, the salts that have accumulated due to past
tidal flows would have to be flushed out of the marsh through repeated filling and
draining of North Marsh with freshwater. Replacing the culverts at either end of the low
levee could facilitate this flushing. These culverts are presently inoperable.
3. Block the culverts that supply tidewater to North Pond and fill the channel between
the culverts and North Pond
27
Potential benefits: This action would be implemented to reduce tidal prism and
potentially promote earlier sandbar closure, and would promote faster conversion to
freshwater by reducing the initial volume of the lagoon to be filled by freshwater. This
action would be taken based upon the results of the studies conducted to investigate
Hypothesis 1.
Potential problems: This action would result in loss of tidal wetland habitat along the
channel to North Pond and in North Pond itself.
4. Partially or completely fill ditches in Butano Marsh and one in Delta Marsh
Potential benefits: To the extent that these ditches contribute to anoxia, this action would
be expected to reduce the amount of poor quality bottom water present at these locations.
This could improve water quality in the Marsh, and eliminate a reservoir of anoxic waters
that have been implicated in the fish kill. This may occur naturally due to the recent
migration of Butano Creek into the Butano marshes.
Potential problems: Some species use the ditches as habitat at other times of the year. In
addition, filling ditches would result in a minor loss of flood conveyance capacity of
Butano Marsh.
5. Remove some or all of the remaining levees between Butano Creek and Butano
Marsh
Potential benefits: This action would be expected to re-establish natural hydrologic and
geomorphologic processes by connecting Butano Creek with its floodplain and improve
flood conveyance through the Butano marshes. It may reduce the flooding at Pescadero
Road by spreading floodwaters and sediment out along the floodplain. It would be
expected to improve habitat quality in the marshes by increasing freshwater inputs and
improving circulation and create a diversity of habitat types including fresh, brackish, and
backwater habitat. This action was recommended prior to the January, 2010 change in
Butano Creeks course. If Butano Creek establishes a new channel through the marshes,
it will in fact be reconnected with its historic floodplain.
6. Replace culverts and gates in Pescadero Creek right bank and reinstitute
management plan for culverts.
To simplify management, the culverts could be opened in fall/winter after the sandbar
breach occurs and closed on a set date in spring (April 15 or May1).
Potential benefits: A managed culvert system would allow seasonal tidal action in winter
and early spring for shorebirds. It would also facilitate a closed and more rapidly
converting lagoon in summer/fall. The closed lagoon would raise water levels and help to
maintain summer water levels in North Marsh, and improve conditions for tidewater
goby and red-legged.
28
Potential problems: A managed system is inconsistent with State Parks goals for the
Marsh, and Parks may not have the resources to successfully implement a managed
system.
7. Install a bladder dam at the Butano Channel
Potential benefits: Preventing inflows into the lagoon from the Butano Channel may lead
to improved water quality at the time of the sandbar breach and reduce the potential of a
fish-kill.
Potential problems: California Department of Fish and Game attempted to install the
structure in 2010. The project involved the use of multiple bladders that needed to be
stacked like a pyramid and the operation of water pumps. Leaks prevented the full
structure from being installed and the water pumps could not be continually operated due
to lack of funding, so the installation failed. Agencies are collaborating to develop an
alternative approach.
8. Manually form the sandbar
A bulldozer could be used to pile up sand and close the mouth of the creek earlier than
would occur through natural buildup of the beach barrier.
Potential benefits: Earlier sandbar formation may lead to improved water quality in the
closed lagoon.
Potential problems: It would likely be difficult to find a funding source for ongoing
manipulation of the lagoon mouth. All resource agencies would have to agree with this
approach in order to obtain permits to carry out the work.
29
References
Bond, Morgan H. (2006) Importance of Estuarine Rearing to Central California Steelhead

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Growth and Marine Survival. Masters Thesis, University of
California at Santa Cruz. Retrieved from
http://www.cemar.org/pdf/Bond%20Thesis%20Lagoon%20Rearing.pdf
Bricker, Suzanne B., C.G. Clement, D. E. Pirhalla, S.P. Orlando, and D.R.G. Farrow.
1999. National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment. Effects of Nutrient Enrichment in
the Nation's Estuaries. Retrieved from http://ian.umces.edu/neea/pdfs/eutro_report.pdf
Curry, Robert, R. Houghton, T. Kidwell, and P. Tang. 1985. Sediment and Hydrologic
Analysis of Pescadero Marsh and its Watershed. Draft. University of California at Santa
Cruz. Prepared for California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento, CA.
[DPR] California Department of Parks and Recreation. 1992. Pescadero Marsh Natural
Preserve Hydrologic Enhancement Project.
[ESA] Environmental Science Associates. 2002. Butano Creek Cross Sections Survey
Report. Report by Environmental Science Associates and Dennis Jackson. Prepared for
California Department of Parks and Recreation, San Francisco, CA.
[ESA] Environmental Science Associates. 2004. Pescadero-Butano Watershed

Assessment. Report by Environmental Science Associates, Pacific Watershed Associates,
OConnor Environmental, Albion Environmental and D. Jackson. Prepared for Monterey
Bay National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from
http://montereybay.noaa.gov/resourcepro/reports/sedrep/pescadero.pdf
[ESA] Environmental Science Associates. 2008. Pescadero Marsh Restoration

Assessment and Recommendations for Ecosystem Management. Prepared for California
Department of Parks and Recreation, Half Moon Bay, CA.
Jackson, Dennis. 2003. Re-survey of the 1987 Pescadero Marsh Cross Sections on
Pescadero Creek. Prepared for Environmental Science Associates, San Francisco, CA.
Jennings, Mark R. and M.P. Hayes. 1990. Status of the California Red-Legged Frog
Ranaaurora draytonii in the Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve. Prepared for California
Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento, CA under contract No. 4-823-9018
with the California Academy of Sciences.
Larson, Eric J. 2001. Coastal wetlands-emergent marshes, p. 483486. In W. S. Leet, C.

M. Dewees, R. Klingbeil, and E. J. Larson (eds.), Californias Living Marine Resources:
A Status Report. California and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento,
California.
30
Merenlender, A. M., Deitch, M.J., and S. Feirer. 2008. Decision support tool seeks to aid
stream-flow recovery and enhance water security. California Agriculture 62:148-155.
Pacific Watershed Associates. 2003. Sediment Assessment of Roads and Trails within the
Pescadero/Memorial/Sam McDonald County Park Complex, Pescadero Creek
Watershed, San Mateo County, California. Prepared for San Mateo County Parks and
Recreation Department and California Department of Fish and Game. Retrieved from
http://www.co.sanmateo.ca.us/vgn/images/portal/cit_609/23704068sedimentassessment_
body.pdf
[PWA] Philip Williams & Associates. 1990. Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve
Hydrological Enhancement Plan. Prepared for California Department of Parks and
Recreation.
Sloan, Rebecca. 2006. Ecological Investigations of a Fish Kill in Pescadero Lagoon, CA.
Masters Thesis. San Jose State University, San Jose, CA.
Sloan, Rebecca. 2008. Pescadero Lagoon Water Quality Dynamics, Fish Kills, and
Implications for Restoration Planning. PowerPoint presentation. Pescadero Marsh
Restoration Forum, December 9, 2008.
Smith, Jerry J. 1990. The Effects of Sandbar Formation and Inflows on Aquatic Habitat
and Fish Utilization in Pescadero, San Gregorio, Waddell and Pomponio Creek
Estuary/Lagoon systems, 1985-1989. San Jose State University. Interagency Agreement
84-04-324.
Smith, Jerry J. and D.K. Reis. 1997. Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve Salinity,
Tidewater Goby and Red-Legged Frog Monitoring for 1995-1996. Prepared for
California Department of Parks and Recreation.
Smith Jerry J. 2008. Estuary/Lagoons as Habitat: Implications for the Pescadero

Creek Estuary Complex. PowerPoint presentation. Pescadero Marsh Restoration Forum,
December 9, 2008.
Storlazzi, Curt. 2008. The Dynamics of Bar-Built Estuaries. PowerPoint presentation.

Pescadero Marsh Restoration Forum, December 9, 2008.
Viollis, Frank S. 1979. The Evolution of Pescadero Marsh. Masters Thesis. San
Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA.
[Swanson] Swanson Hydrology & Geomorphology. 2001. Hydrologic Issues regarding

Management of Pescadero Marsh in light of Enhancement Projects completed in 1993
and 1997. Prepared for California Department of Parks and Recreation.
31
Figure 1 Pescadero
P Marrsh Land Cov
ver and Place Names. Sourcce: Reproduceed from ESA ((2008).
32
Figure 2 Water
W Quality
y Sampling Sittes. Source: Reeproduced froom ESA (20088).
33
Figure 3 Dissolved
D Oxygen in Pescadero Creek at Turtle Bend. S ource: Reprooduced from S
Sloan
(2008).
34
Figure 4 Pescadero Marsh Fish Kill 1995-2007. Source: Sloan (2008); Kerbavaz (pers.comm.).
350
NumberofSteelheadCarcasses
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1995 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Note: This figure provides available data. Years not shown on the figure are ones in which State Parks did
not count dead fish. In years when dead fish were counted, the percent of dead fish counted could vary
significantly based on the timing of the daily tides.
35
Figure 5 Pescadero
P Marrsh Conceptua
al Model. Sou
urce: Developeed by Pescadero Marsh Woorking
Group in the
t Fall of 200
08.
36
Figure 6 Date of Sandbar Formation 1978-20096. Source: Modified from Sloan (2008) with data
from Viollis (1978); Smith (1990); Smith and Reis (1997); and Kerbavaz (pers. comm).
12
11
10
9
8
7
Month
6 FirstClosure
5
4 SecondClosure
3
2 NoClosure
1
0
Year
6
No data available for some years as indicated by gaps in graph.
37
Figure 7 Monthly Mean Discharge in Wet, Dry, and Average Water Years Recorded at Pescadero
Creek near Pescadero, USGS Gauging Station 11162500. Source: USGS7
1000
100
Discharge,cfs
10 1977DriestYear
2002MedianYear
1
1983WettestYear
0.1
0.01
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
7
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly?referred_module=sw&site_no=11162500&por_111625
00_2=2208232,00060,2,1951-04,2008-10&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-
DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list
38
Figure 8 Location of Fish Kill. Source: Reproduced from Sloan (2008).
39
Table 3 Pescadero-Butano Sediment Yield. Source:
Reproduced from ESA (2004).
40
Appendix 1: Presentation Abstracts, December 2008
Restoration of Pescadero Marsh:

Identifying Problems and Exploring Solutions
Presentation Abstracts
The following abstracts were prepared prior to the Forum and were made available to all
attendees.
Pescadero State Beach (Joanne Kerbavaz, California State Parks)

Ms. Kerbavaz will present a brief history of Pescadero State Beach, discussing property
acquisition and the development of management goals and objectives. She will orient the
audience to the general features of the Marsh, and describe State Parks management
objectives.
Living With the Marsh (Tim Frahm, Native Sons of the Golden West)
Tim Frahm will discuss changes observed in the Pescadero Marsh over several decades
by steelhead fishermen who live near the Marsh and have fished in the lagoon their entire
lives. He will discuss the efforts of the Steelhead Committee formed by the Native Sons
of the Golden West to raise awareness and money for steelhead restoration efforts in the
Pescadero watershed.
The Dynamics of Bar-Built Estuaries (Curt Storlazzi, US Geological Survey)

Dr. Storlazzi will provide a general overview of bar-built estuaries, describing the
geologic and oceanographic processes that control bar formation and breaching, and how
these processes are in evidence in Pescadero Lagoon. He will review available
information about the timing of bar formation at Pescadero over the last few decades, the
potential impact of human activities on this process, and how climate change and rising
sea levels could influence bar formation in the future.
Recent Geomorphic History of Pescadero Marsh (Dan Sicular, ESA)

Dr. Sicular will review the geomorphic history of Pescadero Marsh, highlighting the
changes humans have made to historical conditions. He will describe restoration efforts
implemented in the 1990s, the impacts of these efforts, and suggest methods to restore
natural geomorphic processes in the system.
Nutrient Availability and Eutrophication in Coastal Lagoons (Nicole Beck, 2nd

Nature)
Dr. Beck will discuss the role of nutrient availability and eutrophication as a mechanism
for influencing water quality in coastal lagoons. She will describe the accumulation of
organic matter leading to high respiration rates that suppress dissolved oxygen in some
systems, and how these mechanisms should be considered when planning coastal lagoon
enhancement strategies.
41
Water Quality Dynamics of Pescadero Lagoon and Implications for Fish Mortality
(Rebecca Sloan, TRA Environmental)
Ms. Sloan will discuss the chronic bottom water anoxia in the Pescadero Lagoon during
sand barrier formation, fish kills upon breaching (with Oncorhynchus mykiss mortality),
and low-tide hypoxia in the days following tidal reconnection. She will use several years
of water quality data to evaluate the contributions of eutrophication and stratification to
poor water quality and illustrate how lagoon morphology exacerbates and/or controls
eutrophic and stratified conditions.
Estuary/lagoons as habitat: implications for the Pescadero Creek Estuary complex

(Jerry Smith, San Jose State University)
Dr. Smith will explain how lagoons can provide a variety of habitats for multiple species
of concern and that all habitats do not have to work for all species at all times. He will
describe how backwaters, deep scour pools and disconnected or seasonal wetlands can
provide important seasonal habitat for salmonids and other aquatic species, including
California red-legged frog, tidewater goby and the western pond turtle. He will explain
how late sandbar formation at the mouth of Pescadero Creek has resulted in a strongly
salinity stratified system in fall with severe hypoxia and anoxia problems in the lagoon
and how this has impacted lagoon productivity, and he will discuss restoration
implications.
42
Appendix 2
An Approach to Restoration of the Pescadero Marsh, 4/23/2010 Draft
Comments and Responses
Commenter Section Original Original Comment Response
Page Paragraph
Tim Frahm intro 0 As you know, the Native Sons of the Golden West Pebble Beach Parlor #230 was one of the local funders of the Acknowledgement page added.
event upon which this document was based. It may be reasonable to acknowledge the contributions of both the
facility and for the lunch provided to the participants.
DFG Overall 0 We recommend that this Report specify goals and objectives for restoration. DFG recommends that specific Comment noted.
report restoration goals and objectives, as well as an approach be clearly defined. DFG's goal is to restore Pescadero
Marsh to a healthy, functioning state characterized by an extensive freshwater lagoon, marsh, and pond habitats
during the summer and fall so that they can support healthy populations of native species. We recognize that
there will be constraints to the amount of habitat that the site can sustain associated with hydrological and
geomorphic processes operating at the landscape/watershed scale, along with anthropogenic disruptions to
these processes. Additionally, we recognize that this system is dynamic and will constantly change over time. We
will develop biological goals appropriate to these processes and constraints and the dynamic nature of this
system. Watershed processes that support habitat conditions may not dictate 100% of what we do, but
understanding and taking into account these processes involved as well as the disruptions to those processes
that may limit what happens biologically is recognized as crucial to restoration at Pescadero Lagoon.
Joanne Kerbavaz intro 4 1 Characterization of Pescadero Marsh as containing a bar built seasonal freshwater lagoon understates the Pescadero marsh is correctly characterized as having
complexity of the system. As noted in 1985 by Bob Curry and his colleagues (Curry, et al., 1985. p 26): a "bar-built seasonal freshwater lagoon as a key
ecological feature." Other parts of the document
Every beach/lagoon system is different. Pescaderos unique management problems derive in large measure address the complexity of the system, not limited to
from the unique dynamic interactions between its beach and lagoon. Human attempts to modify this system, the seasonal lagoon. The complexity of the system
together with hydrologic and geologic conditions, have created a very complex system. was a major reason the restoration workshop was
convened.
From the earliest records of the marsh (see, for example, the quotes in Viollis, 1979 pages 44-46), observers
have noted areas of fresh and salt water and a diversity of vegetation in response to this variation. The interplay
between fresh and salt water may at times results in a fresh water lagoon; however, it appears that, based on
sampling results, the enclosed lagoon has often been brackish, salty, or stratified with layers of different salinity.
Frank Viollis (1979, Figure 10) mapped salinity levels in August, 1978 around the time of the late August bar
closure. As Viollis wrote (page 144):
The observations made in August of 1978, indicate that subsurface pools of denser saline water exist within the
marsh complex (Figure 10). Continuation of these conditions could lead to stagnation of bottom waters resulting
in oxygen depletion a situation unsuitable for aquatic life. Flushing action is also reduced, allowing for the
concentration of toxic wastes.
Comment continues...
Joanne Kerbavaz intro 4 1 comment continued... See above.

Dr. Jerry Smiths 1990 report (page 12-13) showed that the salinity of the lagoon varied during the five years of
his work, with only one season of a quickly converted summer freshwater lagoon:
In 1985 the freshwater inflow quickly converted Pescadero Creek lagoon into a freshwater system for the
summer (Figure 3, Table 2). In 1986 streamflows were lower prior to sandbar formation (Table 1), resulting in
more saltwater in the lagoon at the time of bar formation and much slower conversion to a freshwater lagoon
(Figures 7A and 7B). Much of the lagoon had salt water lenses on the bottom for the entire summer. In 1984 the
sandbar was breached early in the summer at Pescadero and the meager inflows after breaching did not convert
the lagoon fully to freshwater (less than 2 PPT) until late October. In 1987 and 1988 low streamflows after
sandbar formation were insufficient to convert the lagoon to freshwater; most of the lagoon remained saline and
stratified for salinity all summer (Figures 11 and 13, Table 2).
Dr. Smith and others believe that a summer freshwater lagoon is the desired condition for Pescadero marsh;
Page 1
Page Paragraph
Joanne Kerbavaz intro 4 1 Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve contains 235 acres Corrected.
DFG intro 4 1, sent 2 The Report states that the Pescadero Marsh "includes a bar-built seasonal freshwater lagoon as a key ecological Goal 2 identified in the summary addresses restoring
feature." DFG is aware that prior to the 1990s, there was a seasonal freshwater lagoon (Smith 1990). However, a seasonal lagoon and mix of wetland habitat types.
after modifications were done to the Marsh in the 1990s, the seasonal lagoon became a salinitystratified system Consensus has not been reached on what that mix of
and does not fully convert to freshwater, thereby substantially reducing habitat for sensitive species (Smith and habitat types should be.
Reis 1997). Therefore, DFG recommends the reestablishment of a productive seasonal freshwater lagoon with
the goal of increasing biological productivity for the above-listed sensitive species.
Joanne Kerbavaz intro 4 All discussions of the natural conditions of Pescadero Marsh should be prefaced with the understanding that, as Sentence added to paragraph 3 to address the loss of
calculated by Viollis (1979), the area of wetlands within Pescadero marsh had been reduced by one half between wetlands between 1900 and 1960.
1900 and 1960. Restoration work in the 1990s was predicated on the fact that tidal and fresh water circulation
and wetland area had been drastically reduced through human manipulation of the marsh.
Tim Frahm 1990s 7 3 I believe that the excavated channel was from the North Pond not North Marsh to the lagoon. Corrected.
restoration
Jerry Smith Prev 7 3 The original connection between North Marsh and the Pescadero Lagoon was through a partially closed 12 Comment noted. No change in text.
Restoration diameter culvert through the Pescadero Creek Levee.
Joanne Kerbavaz Existing 7 3 Paragraph 3 should be revised to include the following information: Text corrected to state that North Pond would be "re-"
conditions North Pond and North Marsh were previously connected. connected to North Marsh. Additional detail provided
As described by Williams, (1990 page 9): in comment is noted.
North Pond is now separated from North Marsh by a short levee, and there is only enough exchange of water
through a clogged culvert to keep water levels in the two areas nearly equalBefore construction of the levees,
North Pond was closely linked with North Marsh, and received fresh water from Pescadero Creek and the lagoon
by some means. Waves overtopping the north end of Pescadero Beach provided occasional salt water inflow to
North Pond (Viollis, 1979; Elliot, 1975).
Joanne Kerbavaz Existing 7 3 The purpose of the North Pond project included additional items. Text revised to make intent of 1990s restoration
conditions The purpose of the project element is more correctly described as follows (Williams, 1990 page 29): actions clearer.
North Pond provides the greatest potential for increasing the tidal scouring of Pescadero Lagoon, and the pond
suffers from poor circulation of water. Tidal fluctuation in the pond would provide valuable mud flat habitat for
shorebirds in the late fall and winter. This approach allows realization of most of the potential tidal prism, and
improvement of the habitat value of North Pond, without threatening the existing habitat value of North Marsh
Joanne Kerbavaz Existing 7 3 The low levee was designed to prevent most tidal flow, but not to prevent all overtopping Text revised to clarify that levee would block all but
conditions (Williams, 1990 page 30) described the levee as follows: the most extreme high tides.
If the levee is constructed to an elevation of +5.5 feet, it will not be overtopped by tidal flow in the channel except
perhaps in extreme conditions. On the other hand, it will routinely be overtopped in the summer, after the mouth
of the lagoon has closed and the water level in the lagoon rises about 5.5 ft.
Joanne Kerbavaz Existing 7 3 The June 22, 2010 letter from the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) included some discussion of the Comment noted. Text revised to more clearly explain
conditions operation of these gates. As stated in your text, the gated culverts were designed to be closed following sandbar intended management of culverts in response to
closure, and opened following bar opening. Williams (1990 page 30) described the intended operation as other comments.
follows:
The large North Pond culverts would be opened after the mouth of the lagoon opens in the fall, allowing
substantial tidal circulation in North Pond
When the mouth closes, the gates on the North Pond culverts would be closed, so that the brackish to fresh
water conversion in the lagoon would not be delayed by the need to dilute the large volume of brackish water in
North Marsh.
Jerry Smith Prev 7 4 Prior to the modifications in levees undertaken between 1993 and 1997, an opening in the left bank levee of Comment noted. No change in text.
Restoration Butano Creek immediately downstream of the Pescadero Road Bridge was constructed in 1986 by DPR (Tom
Taylor). This was intended to send a portion of flood flows through the Butano Marshes and reduce flood flow
back up downstream of the bridge.
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Tim Frahm 1990s 7 4 It may be useful to note the percentage of the levy which was removed (or remains). (i.e. was a majority of the Changed to "the majority of the levees." The concept
restoration levy removed? Or was it small, short segments). The way it reads, portions of the levies were left in place I of this restoration action as stated in the
suspect that a majority, not a portion were left. Enhancement Plan (PWA 1990) is to "Restore natural
circulation of water through the Butano marshes by
removing parts of the levees, while leaving most of
the levees for pedestrian access and basking by
garter snakes" (p.49).
DFG Prev 7 3, sent 2 The Report states, " ... a system of culverts was installed to curb freshwater inflows into North Pond immediately Text revised to make intent of 1990s restoration
Restoration following sandbar closure to allow for rapid conversion of the lagoon from salt to freshwater." In DFG's literature actions clearer.
review, the purpose of operating these tidegates was to reduce the time and the quantity of freshwater inflow
required to completely destratify the water column and convert it to freshwater, keeping habitat for sensitive
species intact and productive (Smith 1997, Williams 1990). The intended management of these culverts was to
close them by late spring/early summer then to open them in the late fall (Williams 1990).
Tim Frahm Current state 8 1 observations indicate that North Pond is not flushing sediment as originally intended. My reading of the 1992 Text changed.
of the marsh Enhancement Plan indicates to me that the intention was not to flush North Pond, but rather to flush the lagoon.
Tim Frahm Current state 8 1 In either case, it would be appropriate to additionally note that the gates were not operated as directed in the plan Text added.
of the marsh (closing when the bar closes and opening after the bar breaches), so the intended results of the project may
have been diluted by not following the projects management activities.
Jerry Smith Current state 8 2 The gated culvert system was not installed at North Pond, but in the right bank levee of Pescadero Creek to allow Location of culvert clarified. Text revised to make
of the marsh seasonal (winter/spring) movement of tidal flow to North pond but not for sediment flushing of North Pond). The clear that management scheme has not been
gates were to be closed at the time of sandbar formation in early summer to reduce the time and freshwater implemented for several years.
inflow required to convert the lagoon towards freshwater. They were rarely operated and never maintained. If
operable and closed in late spring and opened after bar breaching in winter, tidal winter conditions and regular Added potential action to replace culverts and revert
early summer sandbar closure were expected to occur. If the culverts were replaced and opened in winter and to management plan.
closed in spring (on an assigned date, requiring 2 hours of management a year) those same goals could
probably be achieved.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 2 The statement that observations indicate that North Pond is not flushing sediment as originally intended is not Text revised to clarify that flushing of the lagoon,
of the marsh clear. State Parks staff have observed channeling in North Pond and deepening of the main channel to North rather than North Pond, has not been observed.
Pond; these observations could be checked with surveys of the 1987 cross sections in North Pond. As stated
above, one intent for the connection was to increase tidal prism to expand overall movement of sediment in the
lagoon.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 3 The discussion of the low levee confounds two conditions, the ability of the low levee to be topped by tides, and Text revised to more accurately summarize findings
of the marsh the ability of the low levee to be topped by the rising lagoon. The reference to Dr. Smith (1997) and ESA (2002- in source documents. References to tidal overtopping
2003) finding that the low leveewas not built sufficiently high to prevent tidal intrusion is not correct. Smith removed.
and Reis (1997 page 4) reported that the levee was overtopped by the rising lagoon, not by tides:
the sandbar re-formed in December [1993], backing up saline water throughout the marsh complex. This
apparently included flooding over the new low levee and through the small culvert into North MarshIn spring of
1994 the sandbar had closed by mid-May and lagoon levels were high enough to again back water over the low
levee into North Marsh.
As stated above (from Williams, 1990 p. 29-30) the levee was designed to prevent overtopping for most, but not
all, tides. Dan Sicular (ESA, 2008 page 29) found no sign of the levee being overtopped at its lowest point by
one of the highest tides of the year, and he concluded:
In any event, it appears that only the highest of the high tides would overtop the low levee breach, and then
probably only for a short time.
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Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 3 The conclusion that as a result of the levee breach, habitat in North Marsh has transitioned from Conclusion deleted and replaced with statement
of the marsh freshwater/slightly brackish to brackish/saline is not correct. North Marsh is not uniform. It contains a variety of about disagreement among observers regarding
habitats, including ponds, mudflats, and both natural and artificial channels. The overall appearance of North salinity trends in North Marsh.
Marsh is as a salt marsh, with almost exclusive cover by salt marsh species in the main portion o f the marsh.
This appearance has been consistent from the earliest available surveys. North Marsh was included within the
area mapped as salt marsh in 1854 (Curry, et al., 1985 page 14):
The first accurate and detailed map of the marsh-lagoon system was published by the U.S. Coast Survey in
1854The maps clearly show open water and seasonally flooded wetlands. The boundaries shown as wetlands
in the 1850s through 1890s comprise those boundaries of areas subject to frequent seasonal flooding today.
These are the areas subject to regular salt-water flooding on a seasonal or every-other-year basis. They
generally lie at elevations today of 4-6 feet above mean sea level to mean sea level
The horizontal hachuring that indicates marsh-lands was depicted based upon marsh vegetation At
Pescadero, the dominant mash vegetation is found in areas subject to salt-water flooding at frequent enough
intervals to limit vegetation to salt-tolerant species. Thus, it is no surprise to find today that salt-affected soils are
almost exactly delimited by the boundaries of the marsh-pattern on the 1854 map.
Water sampling records confirm that North Marsh has at least periodically held saline water. This is reflected in
vegetation as well as in saline soils. Jennings and Hayes (1990) compiled data for a number of stations in North
Pond and North Marsh in their Table 2. These data from Viollis (1979), Smith (1987) and the Jennings and
Hayes study show that North Marsh surface water salinities varied between years, seasons, and sampling
locations. Surface salinity levels for the channels around North Marsh ranged from 10.4 to 20.5 ppt in August
1989. Viollis measured surface salinity levels for stations in the central portion of North Marsh at 19.0 to 20.0 ppt
in August 1978.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 3 comment continues.... See above.
of the marsh
In 1989, Jennings and Hayes (1990, page 17) described salinities in California red-legged frog breeding areas:
Most of the egg masses we encountered in North Marsh were found in water between 4.2 0/00 and 4.7 0/00
(Table 4). Based on the data by Smith (1987), these values appear to be slightly higher (ca. 0.8 0/00) than
normal for the period of February to April, although higher salinity levels do appear from time to time throughout
the year (Tables 2 and 3). In general, salinities increase in North Marsh as the water evaporates in late spring
and summer, then decrease after the dilution of rainwater and stream runoff in the fall and winter.
Some areas within North Marsh have frequently contained fresher water, especially the artificial channels found
on the edges of North Marsh (see Jennings and Hayes, 1990 Figure 2). These fresh water areas have been the
location for most observations of California red-legged frogs in North Marsh, and are the locations within North
Marsh where California red-legged frogs are still observed.
Despite the presence of fresh water areas, North Marsh has been previously seen to become too saline to
support breeding of California red-legged frogs. In 1989, Jennings and Hayes (1990, page 17) found that:
Salinity data indicate that salinity can be an important factor on embryonic mortality for California red-legged
frogs at Pescadero Marsh. Our field observations revealed that most of the embryos observed in naturally laid
egg masses in North Marsh appeared dead in the late cleavage to neural tube state (Gosner States 9-16) (Table
4). Since salinities of 4.2 0/00 to 5.2 0/00 were measured next to these egg masses at the time of our field
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Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 3 comment continued... See above.
of the marsh
Jennings and Hayes (1990 page 10) noted the variability in habitat quality in North Marsh, and explained some of
the variation in salinity measurements by differences in fresh water input:
Interpretation of California red-legged frog use of North Marsh during 1989 must be viewed in the context of
three unusually dry winters that preceded the study year. We anticipate that frog use of North Marsh will vary if
the water regime differs substantially; it needs emphasis that 1989 use patterns may not translate to all years.
For example, the wetter-than-average winter of 1985-1986 resulted in fresh water from Pescadero Creek
inundating North Marsh because the levee between Pescadero Creek and North March (sic) was overtopped in
mid-February (T. Taylor, pers. comm.). Fresh water filled North Marsh and two months were needed for the
water to drain enough so that most emergent marsh vegetation was re-exposed. Thus, the habitat that was
extensively used for oviposition during the 1989 season would not have been available to frogs between mid-
February to roughly mid-April 1986, or most of the reproductive season in that year. Further, even if frogs
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 4 The conclusion that North Butano Marsh has become more saline is not correct. Using vegetation as an Text revised to clarify difference in trend.
of the marsh indicator of salinity, the two plant transects in North Butano Marsh sampled by ESA in 2002 showed different
trends. As displayed on Figure 5 of the Vegetation Transect Analysis (Appendix A, ESA, 2008) Transect T3
showing a reduction in cover for saltmarsh species and an increase in brackish and freshwater species.
Transect T4, which is further downstream and appears to be adjacent to a marsh channel, showed an increase in
saltmarsh species and a reduction in brackish and freshwater species.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 8 4 The June 22, 2010 letter from DFG disputes the statement on page 8 that The East Delta Marsh has been Comment noted.
of the marsh restored to brackish conditions. According to the Vegetation Transect Analysis (Appendix A, page 7, ESA,
2008):
The general trend in East Delta Marsh between 1985 and 1990 was of increased representation of salt marsh
species and a decrease of freshwater species. Between 1990 and 2002 the trend was somewhat reversed.
The 2002 monitoring revealed a more complex species structure as the cover of salt marsh species dropped
precipitously and a suite of brackish and freshwater species came in. The most dramatic species cover changes
between 1990 and 2001 were a great reduction in marsh gumplant coverand the strong appearance of Pacific
potentilla....Both cattail species (generally freshwater species) appeared for the first time in these transects in
2002, with 26% cover in Transect T10.
The DFG letter reports that this area became brackish after the 1990s, and cites Smith and Reis, 1997.
Salinity monitoring for the stations in East Delta Marsh (G1 and G2) is shown in Table 2 (page 19) of Smith and
Reis, 1997. Salinities were under 4 ppt for 15 of the 22 samples, and under 7.5 ppt for 19 of the 22 samples. I
was not able to find a reference within this study to previous monitoring in this area or a comparison to previous
results indicating an increase in salinity. The 1997 study includes maps (Figures 3 and 4) indicating areas within
East Delta Marsh where the researchers found California red-legged frog larvae and young of the year.
Jennings and Hayes (1990 page 11) describe East Delta Marsh, based upon their field work in 1989 as follows:
DFG Current state 8 4, last Page 8, Paragraph 4, last Sentence. The Report states, "The East Delta Marsh has been restored to brackish Comment noted. "Brackish marsh" defines a habitat
of the marsh sentence conditions." In review of the literature, DFG is aware that prior to the work done in the 1990s, this location was type which is reflected by the vegetation. Vegetation
likely important habitat for California red-legged frog. After the 1990s this location has become "brackish" with transects support the conclusion that East Delta
salinity concentrations too high 1 for CRLF reproduction (Smith and Reis 1997). We recommend that a Marsh has been restored to a brackish marsh.
speciesapproach be taken when describing whether locations in the marsh have been restored and that the Species use of habitat types is a different issue.
East Delta Marsh habitat has changed for the worse, rather than for the better.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 9 2 I recommend removing the reference to the seasonal timing of bar closure and opening. As shown in Figure 6, Text not changed. Text is consistent with variation in
of the marsh known dates have varied over the years. bar closure dates shown in figure 6.
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Tim Frahm Current state 9 3 This description of the fresh water conversion correctly notes the two drivers of the conversion (amount of Text added to description of the 1990s enhancement
of the marsh trapped salt water and the volume of the lagoon), but it could then mention that the issue of lagoon volume was to address the intended management of the culverts.
raised in the 1992 PESCADERO MARSH NATURAL PRESERVE HYDROLOGIC ENHANCEMENT PROJECT. Text not changed in the existing conditions section.
The solution to the volume portion of the fresh water conversion equation was addressed with this management
solution;
When the mouth closes, the gates on the North Pond culverts will be closed, so that the brackish to fresh water
conversion in the lagoon will not be delayed by the need to dilute the large
volume of brackish water in North Marsh.
It seems to us fishermen, that since the gates are always open, the volume of the inundation area exceeds the
ability of the freshwater inputs to quickly squeeze the saline layer out as worded by your document. For
example, the area of the lagoon if isolated from the North Pond/North Marsh by closing the gates is
approximately 15 acres. If you add in the area of water impoundment in the North Pond/North Marsh with the
gates open (current condition) the area is over 55 acres. If you have inflow of 5 cfs in the late season
(conservative), you generate 10 ac ft per day of impounded water. That results in 8 inches of stacked water
Jerry Smith Current state 9 3 The amount of water required to convert the lagoon depends upon inflows and how salty the lagoon is. Because Text added to indicate quick conversion is likely only
of the marsh of substantial diversion in the watershed at the time of sandbar formation conversion may not occur in dry years. under certain conditions. Managing gates on a fixed
Only with wet years, early bar formation and substantial inflow at the time of bar formation would hydraulic schedule is discussed under "Potential Restoration
pressive quickly squeeze the saline layer out; under other conditions the conversion would be slower or might Actions."
not fully occur at all. The closure of the culverts to North Marsh and Pond was supposed to occur to speed that
conversion. The plan was to closed the gates when the bar formed. Based upon what happened (lack of closure)
and the potential role of the open gates in altering tidal flow and delaying sandbar closure, a better strategy is to
just close (functional) gates on April15 or May 1.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 9 3 Please clarify that this entire paragraph is attributed to Dr. Smith. Comment noted. There is no documented debate
of the marsh regarding the processes described in this paragraph.
Joanne Kerbavaz Current state 9 4 Please clarify that this entire paragraph reflects the opinions of Dr. Smith, and that there are data that may not Text revised to more directly attribute some of the
of the marsh agree with this description. A complete analysis of these statements is a more ambitious project that I can statements to Dr. Smith. Text also added stating
present here. As an example, please refer to your Figure 6 (page 36). The records for the period before the different conclusions have been drawn from the
changes in the highway bridge and the beginning of the 1990s restoration projects show a variation in bar available record of bar closure.
closure timing, with many recorded closures after June.
The variation in bar closure timing was known in the 1980s, as shown by Jennings and Hayes (1990, page 13):
the timing of lagoon closure by the sand bar at its mouth may vary over as much as a six-month interval
between years.
Robert Orr (1942, page 287) describes the marsh as based on his observations in the 1930s:
During the summer the marsh is quite dry, except as it is influenced by tide water entering the creek and sloughs.
The pickle-weed and marsh grass areas offer, during this time and until late fall, safety to Savannah sparrows
and other largely ground-dwelling forms. By the end of August the tules and cat-tails show marked signs of dying
down and by the first part of November the stalks are completely dead, although standing and still functioning as
suitable bird cover. Early rains in late October and November usually result in flooding the marsh which at this
season greatly increases its attractiveness to certain late migrantsThis flooded or partly-flooded condition
occurs frequently during the early winter until heavy rains or human efforts open the bar across the mouth of the
creek.
In addition, statements included in Elliott (1975 pages 28-29) and Viollis (1979, page 26) reflect the view that the
lagoon had previously been open for most of the year, and that longer term closures were recent. This
DFG T&E species 10 3 Page 10, Paragraph 3. We recommend that the western pond turtle be added to the sensitive species list. Added list. Paragraph discussing western pond turtle
added to section below.
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Joanne Kerbavaz T&E: 10 3 This paragraph contains statements and assumptions that should be revised to more clearly indicate that they Text was revised based on other comments and now
steelhead are the opinions of the researchers involved. For example, the conclusion that: In years when the closed addresses to some extent the question of what
trout lagoon converts to freshwater conditions, it provides important summer and fall rearing habitat for juvenile happens in other years. No further edits made.
steelhead and can account for the majority of smolt production in the watershed cites the work of Dr. Smith from
1990, as also presented in the forum. Given that the lagoon only periodically meets those conditions, and that it
may not have operated in that manner prior to the restriction of tidal flow, it would be important to determine what
occurs in other years.
Joanne Kerbavaz T&E: 10 3 Please clarify that the final sentence in this paragraph is also attributed to Dr. Smith. Comment noted. There is no documented debate
steelhead regarding the existence of the steelhead run and
trout therefore no need to attribute the sentence.
Jerry Smith T&E 10 4 Should read, the open estuary is well-mixed by the tides changed wind to "tides"
steelhead The remainder of the paragraph should read: An open estuary appears to provide better steelhead rearing Changed remainder of paragraph, similar to comment
habitat in drought years, when the closed lagoon would be saline, stratified and warm because of limited but with slightly different wording.
freshwater inflow. However, the amount of steelhead habitat available is much less than in a large impounded
freshwater lagoon, that would occur with early sandbar formation and adequate inflows for freshwater conversion.
(The open system in 2007 and 2008 produced about 1500 and 750 steelhead; the closed and converted systems
in 1985 and 1986 produced about 10,000-25,000steelhead; the closed and saline/stratified lagoons in the
drought years of 1987-1989probably produced only low hundreds of steelhead). In addition, the late sandbar
closure in recent years (discussed later) appears to be associated with steelhead kills during the winter breach of
the sandbar.
Jerry Smith T&E gobies 11 1 Should read: probably reduced tidewater goby habitat by 80% and their abundance substantially. Text changed.
DFG T&E - gobies 11 1 Page 11, Paragraph 1. We recommend that the following information be added: In regard to tidewater goby Tidewater gobies have not been extirpated from
populations located in the San Francisco through Monterey County area, the Pescadero Marsh habitat was Pescadero Marsh, so it is unclear why a unique
believed to have been the most productive. Also, genetic studies indicate the Pescadero Marsh population to be genetic signature would have been lost.
unique; therefore, we believe that impacts to this population resulted in losing this unique genetic signature
(personal communication with Dr. Jerry Smith). Comment noted but not added. Need citation to
written material by Dr. Swenson (i.e., so comments
We are also aware that Dr. Ramona Swenson determined that gobies collected in North Marsh (of Pescadero and context can be understood by others).
Marsh) grew larger than those she had sampled in other lagoon systems (personal communication with Dr.
Swenson). Fishery biologists recognize the positive correlation that exists between fish size and fish fecundity,
and DFG staff are concerned that restoration actions have caused this particular location, as well as others in
Pescadero Marsh, to dry up early, thereby substantially impacting the quantity and quality of habitat.
DFG T&E - CRLF 11 2 Page 11, Paragraph 2. We recommend that the following information be added. At the time that California red- In reviewing the Recovery Plan, the assertion
legged frogs were listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) in 1996, the Pescadero Marsh regarding Pescadero's CRLF population was not
population was believed to have been the largest of the entire population of this species [U.S. Fish and Wildlife found.
Service. 2002: Recovery Plan for the California Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora draytoniJ)]. The data used for this
assessment was collected prior to DPR's 1990s restoration project. Unfortunately, Smith and Reis (1997) Text was added to reflect importance of Pescadero
described a substantial habitat and population decline for this species after the restoration project had been CRLF population as identified in the recovery plan.
implemented.
Joanne Kerbavaz T&E: CRLF 11 2 For those not familiar with the marsh, this paragraph may be viewed as conclusive evidence that California red- Comment noted. Text does not say or imply that
legged frogs have been eliminated from portions of the marsh. There have been no systematic surveys CRLF have been eliminated from portions of the
(including nocturnal surveys) recently along the lines of the work of Jennings and Hayes (1990) in 1989. It should marsh.
be noted that State Parks staff and others have continued to observe California red-legged frogs in many areas
of Pescadero Marsh, including North Marsh and Butano Marsh. Some areas within that marsh have shown
trends for increasing fresh water -- and presumably the potential for increased habitat for California red-legged
frogs. It is possible that California red-legged frogs, which are noted for the ability to travel long distances
(McGinnis, 2002 page 3) have shifted from areas with more saline water to areas that now contain fresher water.
Joanne Kerbavaz T&E: CRLF 11 2 There are additional assumptions within this paragraph that should require additional review before they are Text revised to clarify the uncertainty.
accepted, or they should be presented as opinions for which there may be contrary data. For example, the
drying of North Marsh (and probably parts of Butano Marsh) in summer is presented as a new phenomenon.
As discussed above, Robert Orr (1942) described the marsh as quite dry in the summer, except for tidal areas.
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Joanne Kerbavaz T&E SFGS 11 3 As above, there is an assumption that salinity changes in North Marsh have likely significantly reduced San Text revised to eliminate specification of salinity as
Francisco garter snake (SFGS) abundance in the Marsh. However, previous studies of SFGS distribution and the limiting factor for SFGS in marsh. Text added to
abundance did not identify North Marsh as an important site for SFGS. highlight the lack of disagreement among observers
as to whether low use is historic condition or changed
In a memorandum dated October 10, 1979, James Steele (at the time a fishery biologist for the Department of condition.
Fish and Game) reported on a survey on August 22-24, 1979 to determine the distribution of SFGS within the
marsh. Steele found three SFGS within Butano marsh; he did not find any within North Marsh. Steele measured
salinity levels at 12 to 13.5 ppt in the channel along the north side of North Marsh.
Sam McGinnis (1984, page 20) captured SFGS in the Trout Ponds (called the Water Lane Pond), an area where
SFGS are observed today. McGinnis (1984, page 21) concluded based on survey work completed 5/12/84 to
7/31/84:
No San Francisco garter snakes were observed or captured in Pescadero Marsh proper. Water levels varied by
several feet and shoreline traplines were often submerged. During high water periods, water was moderately
brackish.
In a 2002 report prepared for Catrans, McGinnis (2002, page 1) wrote that seven populations of SFGS are
documented in the Pescadero region.
These all occur at small ranch pond sites and in the eastern reaches of Pescadero Marsh.
McGinnis distinguished between the upland freshwater areas that are more likely to support SFGS and areas to
the west that would have the potential for salt water intrusion.
The absence of observations of SFGS does not preclude the presence of the species.
As was noted by Steele (1979, page 2) in his memorandum:

Joanne Kerbavaz T&E SFGS 11 3 Any conclusions regarding the abundance and distribution of SFGS should be supported by surveys, and by Comment noted.
comparison with earlier studies of abundance and distribution. As above, it should also be recognized that SFGS
shift locations to take advantage of changes in habitat suitability.
Joanne Kerbavaz Shift in mgmt 11 4 The management goals and objectives shown in the table on page 12 were recommended by ESA in their 2008 Text referring to recommended management
perspective report. The caption to Table 2 should be amended to read: Table 2. Recommended Management Objectives objectives was deleted. Only adopted DPR policies
for Pescadero Marsh (ESA 2008) are relevant.
These goals and objectives have not been adopted by California State Parks. Many of these goals do reflect
California State Parks management directives, as presented by in the forum.
Jerry Smith T&E SFGS 11 3, last Should read: in the North Marsh and parts of Butano Marshes and Delta Marsh due to high salinity and drying "and probably parts of Butano Marsh" added to
sentence of North Marsh has likely substantially sentence. Delta marsh not mentioned because it is
not mentioned in paragraph on CRLF. Causes of
CRLF population declines removed from SFGS
paragraph. They are stated in CRLF paragraph more
clearly and without creating redundancy.
DFG Mgmt 12 1 The Report states that DPR has shifted" ... from managing individual features of the Marsh to restoring Text added describing DFGs public trust
perspective ecosystem processes." We agree with taking an ecosystem approach, but we recommend that DFG's public trust responsibility.
responsibility be included in this section of text, along with our goal at the Marsh of restoring biological
productivity of sensitive target species while taking an ecosystem approach. We need to tie the restoration back
into measurable recovery goals.
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Jerry Smith Shift in mgmt 12 5 Page 12.Paragraph 5 (below the table). Last 2 sentences. The following comments also apply to the 1st 2 Text changed on page 12 to capture viewpoint of Dr.
perspective paragraphs on page 13. Smith and DFG.
I disagree with these statements. I do not believe there was widespread agreement with the statements as Text not changed on page 13. Not sure which text
written. Many of the Forum speakers and panel members would disagree; I certainly do. Although, in an ideal comment applies to.
situation, reliance on natural processes is preferred over use of active measures, the present Pescadero
conditions are not an ideal situation. Stream flow in late spring and summer has been greatly reduced in the
watershed, affecting the amount of water that can convert the lagoon to fresh conditions after sandbar closure.
The natural condition of almost all estuaries along the central coast is for the sandbar to form a closed lagoon by
early to mid summer (in the absence of artificial breaching).The present conditions, including the late sandbar
closure, saline, stratified conditions in fall/winter at the time of sandbar breaching, and drying of north marsh in
summer have severely impacted the abundance of tidewater goby, red-legged frog, probably the San Francisco
garter snake, and the potential abundance of steelhead in average to wet years.
Fish kills are occurring during the winter breach of the sandbar. The present condition is unsuitable and probably
constitutes take under the Federal endangered Species Act.
Use of natural processes to restore the impacted populations is preferred, where it achieves the goal of
protecting and restoring the previously large populations of sensitive species. Otherwise, minimal active
measures are preferred, if they will achieve the goals of restoring impacted populations (such as repairing the low
Tim Frahm Mgmt 12 1st after I dont remember that there was a fairly widespread agreement that reliance on natural processes is a Section changed to limit agreement to the panelists.
perspective table restoration approach that is preferred over the use of active measures ... Sorry, I just dont remember that. This theme was strong in the panel discussion.
Perhaps that showed up in the evaluations, but I dont remember being asked that question on the evaluations. I Last sentence deleted.
do remember that there were many questions from the participants about projects and some discussion from
the audience on how you could characterize projects to move the permits quicker (i.e. characterizing the
replacement of the culverts as maintenance). I would suggest that the last sentence of that paragraph be
removed. I think it is imposing Parks bias and does not reflect the discussions at the forum and would create
perceived road-blocks to projects.
Jerry Smith Restoration 12 last I would certainly add a 5th key problem that emerged at the Forum. The change in timing of sandbar closure Text changed to include a 5th problem, stated
goals since the bridge replacement and restoration actions appears to be a major factor in the first 3 listed problems differently than suggested -- degradation of steelhead
(fish kills, degradation of water quality, and loss of fresh and brackish water habitat).Similarly, I would add a 4th rearing habitat as a result of fewer days of closed,
potential restoration goal: Restore early sandbar closure in wet years, to produce a converted freshwater lagoon freshwater lagoon.
and to maintain summer flooding of North Marsh. Those conditions are best for tidewater goby, red-legged frog 4th restoration goal added.
(and probably SF garter snake), and steelhead.
DFG Mgmt 12 The Report cites Williams (1990) which states, "[ilt appears impossible to restore Pescadero Marsh to a self- Text changed to reflect both viewpoints.
perspective managing system, as a natural system ought to be. Rather, past and continuing human influences on the marsh
require continued human intervention to realize specific and sometimes conflicting management goals." The
Report then states that based on presentations and discussion at the Forum, there appears to be a fairly
widespread agreement upon the natural processes and functions in a restoration approach that is preferred over
the use of human measures .... " We disagree that there was "fairly widespread agreement" on this issue, and
due to our public trust responsibility, we recommend taking an incremental ecosystem approach to restoring
biological productivity of sensitive target species. If active management is required to restore biological
productivity, as is the case in most wildlife preserves. we recommend active management over passive
management. We acknowledge that the system may have been so altered substantially by humans in the past
that active management may be the only practical tool for achieving a seasonal freshwater lagoon.
DFG Restoration 13 1 The Report describes the need for restoration goals to be consistent with DPR management objectives; Text not changed. DPR is the landowner and thus
goals however, the Report does not include the need for restoration to be consistent with DFG's public trust their objectives must be considered.Authors were
responsibilities. We recommend that restoration goals be consistent with DFG's public trust responsibilities and unable to find any information about how DFG's
that the following text be added to this goal. In restoration goal Number 2 we would like to see the following text public trust responsibilities could force a landowner to
added to the end of goal: " ... that maximize the productivity of species of special concern." We need to tie the take restoration actions to maximize the productivity
restoration back into measurable recovery goals. In addition, we like to see goal Number 3 read "[b]ase of species of concern. If citation can be provided, text
restoration to the maximum extent possible on restoring natural processes, but active measures will be should be changed. Otherwise, this goal would need
considered if studies indicate that they are required for the protection of sensitive habitats and species." to be added through consensus on it, which did not
appear to be reached at the time of the forum.
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Joanne Kerbavaz Goal: 13 3 The statement on page 13 that the number of steelhead carcasses counted varies dramatically from year to "dramatically" replaced with "significantly". The
Reduce fish year may be misleading, especially considering more recent data. It would be more accurate to say that the variation seen is in the range of 1-2 orders of
kills number of carcasses counted for each observed event has varied, but has remained within the range of less magnitude, which is significant.
than 10 at a minimum to approximately 300 at a maximum. For the years with actual carcass counts, the
numbers of steelhead have ranged between 170 (2006) and 4 (2009). The count has been fewer than 10
steelhead for the past three years.
Joanne Kerbavaz Goal: 13 4 Although carcass counts probably do not capture all mortalities, the imprecision should not be overstated, Comment noted. Text already acknowledges
Reduce fish especially for the years with low numbers. From personal observation, searches over the past few years have uncertainty on this topic.
kills not shown rapid consumption of carcasses by scavenger species. Specific carcasses have been marked and
relocated from one to several days later. During repeated surveys, evidence of scavenging (e.g., tracks, damage
to carcasses, fish debris) has been minimal.
Joanne Kerbavaz Goal: 13 4 I do not know the source of the statement in the DFG letter (page 4) that steelhead die instantaneously at the Comment noted.
Reduce fish breach. State Parks staff have monitored the sandbar breaching events, and have only found evidence of
kills mortality after the low tide and receding lagoon leave carcasses on the banks.
DFG Restoration 13 last Although DFG supports the sentiments of the last paragraph of this page which is titled "[r]estoring water quality Comment noted. Consensus on DFG's belief has not
goals and habitat conditions in the seasonal lagoon ... ," DFG disagrees with the statement " ... but causal relationships been reached. If it had, a restoration project would
among these factors is not understood." Specifically, DFG believes that adequate information is known about already have been designed "with confidence."
species' biological needs to move forward on restoration actions. However, DFG believes that important Remainder of DFG comment supports text of
information can be learned by implementing experimental "treatments" in an incremental manner (see paragraph.
attachments) to better understand how to reduce the re-suspension of sediment (and thus improve water quality)
as well as how the hydrology affects the timing of sandbar closure. Additionally, hydrological analysis could be
done to explore sandbar closure dynamics and reduce residential/road flooding risk.
Jerry Smith Goal: reduce 13 next to last The situation that Sean Hayes describes is of upstream movement of steelhead in fall, associated with wave and Comment noted. Text not changed because text is
fish kills and kelp over wash and deteriorating dissolved oxygen in the lagoon. The first substantial rains are usually needed to only posing a hypothesis. Comment argues against
Hyp 4 even allow fish to move upstream above the lagoons, and the upstream movement may also occur in winter implication of hypothesis -- i.e., observed fish kill may
without water quality declines. It is probably not a significant factor in mitigated the kills associated with bar not represent a significant portion of steelhead
breaching at Pescadero. Preventing the kills is the more important issue. In 2007 the number of steelhead population, and therefore may not require significant
population in the lagoon was estimated as about 1500.In 2008 it was about 750. action to address. Hypothesis is valid. Policy that
evolves from testing hypothesis is open for debate.
No citation provided for 2007 and 2008 population

estimates, so data not added.
Tim Frahm Restoration 13 The Town of Pescadero is not being flooded from overtopping at the Butano Creek / Pescadero Rd crossing. Text changed to clarify.
goals (The Town is periodically flooded during huge storms which overtop Pescadero Creek near the town. dont
mix up the issues of Pescadero Creek with the Butano Creek) There are serious flooding concerns from the
Butano Creek and it should be characterized as severe road flooding which causes road closures and threatens
life and property of those who attempt to cross the flooded roadways. Additionally, the Town of Pescadero
becomes more isolated due to the recurring road closures and residents proximate to the Butano Creek /
Pescadero Rd crossing are severely impacted.
Tim Frahm Restoration 13 on the bottom of page 12, there is a statement of the 4 problems, but on page 13, there are only 3 goals. I think Text added to clarify that the flooding problem in the
goals this needs some re-working. For example, none of the goals addresses the problem of sediment accretion in creek is beyond the scope of a marsh restoration
Butano Creek, even though this is one of the 4 identified problems. In fact, the 1992 Enhancement Plan speaks effort, but that actions in the marsh should not
to the issue of this same problem and offers solutions. exacerbate the problem.
Tim Frahm fish kills 13 please note that Figure 4 is an incomplete table. Parks didnt count fish every year and even in those years Note added to Figure 4
that Parks counted fish, there are some years that the timing of the daily tides thwarts our efforts to find stranded
fish (which we count most dead steelhead sink so we cant account for them).
Tim Frahm fish kills 13 Im surprised that you would ever make comments like evaluating the importance of the fish kill. I would Wording changed. Text added under hypothesis 3
suggest that you never use the words importance or significance in association with the fish kill (this occurs in noting importance of addressing the Fishkill, no
several places in the document). It may be appropriate to assess the extent of the kill (keep counting), or the matter the size.
percentage of the population, but any killed or dead steelhead is significant and important. These terms
have a regulatory connotation and even folks like me know that. And why should you even care if its a small
component as it is characterized in other sections of the report. Big, small or even very, very small, this fish kill
is preventable and should be addressed.
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Tim Frahm fish kills 13 In that same paragraph, which was commenting on Sean Hayes research, I would also like you to know that not Paragraph already addresses this. Minor wording
only is there no research in Pescadero regarding the behavior of juvenile up-migration, but there is no change of "documented" to "observed."
observation of this migration noted by the fishermen. I can elaborate on this if you are interested.
DFG Restoration 13 The Report describes the annual fish kill problem and states that there is a "key challenge" in the difficulty of Comment noted. Report accurately summarizes what
goals quantifying the number of individuals and proportion of the steelhead population that are killed during the annual was presented at the forum. No proposal or
breach. The Report further states that Forum Member/NOAA Fisheries researcher Dr. Sean Hayes observed that recommendation to count steelhead population is
steelhead moved upstream after a breaching event at Scott Creek. DFG believes when it comes to implementing made in this section.
restoration actions at Pescadero Marsh, quantifying the proportion of the steelhead population that is killed every
year is a "non-issue" and that delaying the implementation of important restoration actions so that an
assessment of the number of fished killed annually can occur will delay restoration progress. DFG believes that
any fish dying due to water quality problems which are within our control is unacceptable. Furthermore. although
Dr. Hayes' research is interesting, we do not believe that the fish moving upstream in Scott Creek after the
breach affects our goal to restore a freshwater lagoon for the following reasons: 1) At Pescadero Marsh,
steelhead are observed to die instantaneously (in seconds). with insufficient time to safely swim upstream, out of
Joanne Kerbavaz Goal: habitat 13 As discussed above, this section relies on assumptions about ecological function and biological productivity It is unclear what assumptions the commenter is
mix that should still be treated as uncertainties that could be tested. referring to. The main point of this section is to define
hypotheses that can be tested to further
understanding of the marsh's ecological functions.
Jerry Smith Goal: restore 14 1 Tidal marsh is a valuable habitat and can still be maintained with an open sandbar in winter and early spring and Text changed to reduce emphasis on tidal salt marsh
habitat and a closed sandbar and freshwater lagoon in summer and fall. The conditions of salt grass and pickleweed were and focus more on the concept that habitat
WQ maintained in the 1980s despite freshwater lagoons in the summer of many of the years. In addition, the those conversion will require approval by regulatory
conditions produced the habitat conditions that supported large populations of federally listed species (see agencies and could lead to mitigation requirements.
comments for page 11), which have apparently been drastically reduced by the present conditions. Habitats for
listed species Are also valuable habitats, and their recent severe degradation needs to be addressed.
DFG Restoration 14 1 Page 14, first Paragraph. Tidal salt marsh is considered a valuable habitat by the agencies. However, this type of Comment noted. Text revised based on other
goals habitat does not provide habitat that is as productive as a nonstratified freshwater lagoon for all the species of comments received.
concern. This Report appears to ignore the stakeholders desire to restore the freshwater lagoon to its full extent.
This Report implies that obtaining environmental permits to modify Pescadero Marsh wetlands could be difficult.
DFG's position is that restoration actions need to be implemented to stop the annual fish kills and to restore
biological productivity for the aforementioned target sensitive species. That being said, we are willing to work with
DPR and other stakeholders throughout the permitting process and we are willing to provide engineering and
biological expertise, as needed.
Jerry Smith Goal: nat'l 14 2 See comments for page 12. Natural processes would be preferred, if they can achieve the habitat goals. Comment noted.
processes However, water diversions in the watershed are substantial in summer. Restoring some natural processes, but
not others, is not preferable to using some active management that mitigates some of the watershed impacts
and results in desired habitat conditions.
Joanne Kerbavaz conceptual 14 3 The first paragraph refers to the use of existing knowledge of the Marsh to develop a basic conceptual model Comment noted.
model Much of the knowledge of the Marsh presented is based on a narrow window of observations. Work should
incorporate information from different eras, when Pescadero marsh may have functioned in different ways based
on different configurations of land and water. It is not clear that there is a single model for the operation of the
lagoon.
Joanne Kerbavaz table 3 16 1 Understanding Sources of Water Quality Impairment: Disagree. Hypothesis would test the reputed
mechanism for "delayed closure." If mechanism
(1) and (2) Hypothesis: The use of the terms delayed closure and delayed sandbar formation repeat the cannot account for delayed closure, it would support
assumption that the model for lagoon function is that observed during a short period in the 1980s. By the 1980s, the viewpoint that timing of closure is not "delayed" by
development had significantly restricted the wetland area; it is probable that an area of constrained wetlands changes in tidal prism but rather influenced by other
operated differently than natural condition of a much larger wetland area factors. This is a question of function and process.
There is a separate values question related to desired

habitat mix at the marsh and functions needed to
support that mix.
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Joanne Kerbavaz table 3 16 2 Understanding Sources of Water Quality Impairment: Comment noted. Text already lists this study.
(2) Studies: The record of sandbar formation and breaching should be refined from the earliest records to the
present
Joanne Kerbavaz table 3 16 5 Understanding Impacts of Reconnecting Creeks with the Floodplain Text revised to include reduction in freshwater
impoundment which is directly related to the height of
(5) Studies: Repair the low levee does not appear to fit in this column; as explained above, this action would the low levee.
not be expected to change tidal intrusion.
Joanne Kerbavaz table 3 16 5 Understanding Impacts of Reconnecting Creeks with the Floodplain Text added under Hypothesis 5 discussion in report
noting potential value of additional habitat study.
Additional studies to better characterize changes in habitat for fresh and brackish water species may be valuable;
it is possible that habitats have shifted and as some areas have become less suitable, habitat in other areas has
expanded.
Nicole Beck Conceptual 16 Hypothesis #2 is flawed in concept due to a lack of understanding of biogeochemical processes. The simple Change wording of Hypothesis 2 to clarify that lack of
model and conversion to a uniform freshwater column may not eliminate the formation of anoxic conditions in the bottom conversion to saltwater exacerbates anoxic bottom
hypotheses waters. Please consider why fresh water lakes throughout the globe also develop anoxic bottom waters and water conditions, but is not necessarily the sole cause
experience fish kills. Or perhaps the highly eutrophic nature of Elkhorn Slough that is entirely brackish and also of this condition.
not stratified. The amount of organic matter accumulation at the sediments within Pescadero Marsh over the
summer/fall season is significant due to the high annual loads of nitrogen species to the Marsh from surrounding
land uses (agriculture and septic systems) and the relative nitrogen availability within the summer lagoon. R.
Sloans clearly shows elevated nutrient loading to the Marsh. The production of organic matter in the surface
waters of the Marsh will continue to occur in locations where nutrient supply, light and water temperatures are
elevated, regardless of whether the water column is fresh water or stratified. These accumulation rates will not
change, and the organic detritus at the sediment water interface is what consumes oxygen and other electron
acceptors, eventually leading to hydrogen sulfide production, the toxic chemical to the local fish species. A
stratified water column may exacerbate the observed bottom water low dissolved oxygen conditions measured
during closure, but the elimination of stratification will do nothing to reduce the very high rates of organic
production in the surface waters, accumulation in the sediments, and the consumption of oxygen within this thick
layer of black anoxic detritus. When the sandbar breaches, the mixing and suspension of this material has an
extremely high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and very high oxygen demand. A fish that becomes exposed
to high levels of hydrogen sulfide, even for a temporary period during the breach can suffocate.
Portions of Pescadero Marsh are highly susceptible to eutrophication, i.e. extremely elevated primary production
Tim Frahm conceptual 16 Under Hypothesis 3 -- one of the suggested studies seeks to quantify water diversions in the watershed. I dont Comment noted. No change in text. The concept of
model, table remember that from the forum and I would question why it would be suggested. The lagoon is open all summer water diversions decreasing freshwater inflows to the
3 (when there are diversions) and closes in the late fall (when diversions especially irrigators decline or cease).
lagoon in years of earlier bar closure was discussed
Why then would such a study impact the water quality of the lagoon? at the Forum.
Tim Frahm conceptual 16 Re; Table 3 in general. There should be another column which is titled Suggested Actions/Projects. Even the Comment noted. No change in text. Potential
model, table Draft NOAA Coho Recovery Program notes projects. Fish and Game has suggested projects, Dr. Smith has projects are suggested elsewhere in the document.
3 suggested projects, the 1992 Enhancement Plan suggested projects. This section addresses the conceptual model and our
understanding of the system.
DFG Table 3, hyp 16 Page 16, Table 3. Regarding Hypothesis #1' "the tidal prism has increased, leading to delayed sandbar Comment noted. Concept proposed in forum and
1 formation", DFG staff believe that entire "tidal flow dynamics" have been altered, not just tidal influence. DFG is summarized in report is to increase understanding of
concerned that modeling alone may not provide the resolution of data required to understand the hydrodynamics system before taking physical actions. It is
of seasonal freshwater lagoon formation and will need considerable time to fine tuned and validated before it can understood that DFG does not agree with this
be used for predictive purposes. We recommend implementation of "incremental treatments" as part of an approach. However, at the time of the forum, other
adaptive management strategy, using a step-by-step process, decisions, and actions, followed by assessment stakeholders were not in agreement with DFG's
and monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of each action along with the hydrological model development. proposed approaches.
Possible treatments may include plugging of culverts at the North Marsh, installation of a bladder dam at the
Butano Channel, manually forming the sandbar, etc. There should be a water quality monitoring component of all bladder dam and manually forming sandbar added to
treatments to determine effects. potential actions.
DFG Table 3, hyp 16 We do not believe that Hypothesis #2 (delayed sandbar formation decreases the likelihood of freshwater Comment noted.
2 conversion) is just a hypothesis since such lagoon systems have been well studied alone the central California
coastline [Smith (1990), Smith and Reis (1997), and Sloan (2006)].
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Jerry Smith Table 3, Hyp 16 An additional suggested study that I made at the workshop for Hypotheses 1 is to plug the Pescadero levee This is not a study, it is an action. Has been added
1 culvert array (which might require some repair or replacement) and see if that alters the timing of sandbar under potential actions.
closure. Modeling alone may not address the complexity of tidal prism and tidal dynamics as well as an
experiment.
Jerry Smith Hyp 2 16 Hypothesis 2 is already well-supported by studies in the 1980s at Pescadero, San Gregorio and Waddell Comment noted.
(Smith 1990), where the lagoons converted to freshwater with sufficient inflow (requiring early sandbar
formation). In drier years of those studies freshwater conversion failed to occur and stratified conditions
persisted. The same pattern is found for numerous other lagoons along the central and north coast (Scott,
Navarro, etc.). Sandbar formation in late summer and fall ensures that the limited inflow to a very salty lagoon will
result in stratified conditions and anoxic bottom waters.
Joanne Kerbavaz Water quality 17 1 Understanding Sources of Water Quality Impairment The conclusion that Warm, oxygen depleted bottom waters Comment noted. Warm, oxygen depleted waters are
impairment in the Marsh result in low biological productivity (low invertebrate abundance) and reduce the quality of rearing well established characteristics of poor habitat quality
habitat for steelhead and other aquatic organisms warrants additional examination. During surveys at the bar for steelhead.
breach, I have walked through a layer of invertebrates inches thick that was deposited as the lagoon receded. I
am aware of the work by Mark Robinson (1993, page 64)) that concluded that invertebrate species richness and
abundance were highest when the lagoon mouth was open and when it had converted to a freshwater system.
However, given the apparent productivity of the lagoon under the stratified conditions, the assumption that
existing invertebrate productivity is a limiting factor on steelhead productivity requires further investigation.
Joanne Kerbavaz hyp 1 17 2 Hypothesis 1 As discussed above, available data do not support the conclusion that a late spring or early Text revised to make clarification.
summer bar closure is necessarily the norm, especially for the time period before significant alterations to the
marsh. This statement could be qualified to list the years where the bar did form in late spring or early summer.
DFG Hyp 1 17 6 Page 17, Paragraph 6. The statements in this paragraph are incorrect. Waves that construct the beach at the No citation for statement provided. In absence of
mouth of the Pescadero River are generally small short period waves, which typically occur in this location for citation, information provided by Mr. Storlazzi, who is
most of, or all of the summer. The small long period waves arrive generally in late summer and are associated considered an expert on the topic, will remain in text.
with summer south swells which do little to change the dynamics of beach deposition. The large winter waves
(short and long period - such as those seen at the Maverick's) occur in conjunction with winter high tides when
the beach erodes off-shore.
Tim Frahm Hyp. 1 18 1 ESA suggests that 11 cfs at the mouth will keep it open. Id suggest looking at the daily tidal exchange. I would Comment noted. No change in text. Sentence
expect that the flow thru the mouth during these high to low / low to high exchanges moves substantially greater addresses minimum stream flow needed to keep
volume of water than 11 cfs. Its not all about in-flow cfs its also about the increased tidal exchange of water mouth open. Comment is correct but not relevant to
due to the greater footprint of tidal inundation (by the 1992 project). sentence.
Jerry Smith Hyp 1 18 1 Stream flows at the mouth are small compared to the amount of tidal flow in and out at the mouth. Wet years Comment noted. Does not say anything contradictory
delayed sandbar formation in summer by eroding more sand off the beach in winter, requiring more time to to the text.
rebuild the beach, narrow the mouth and allow sand to plug the mouth. The late1980s were dry, but 1982, 1983,
and 1986 were very wet years and 1984 and 1985 were not dry. The change in timing of sandbar formation from
then to now is real, as is the change in sand dynamics at the mouth (including the reverse delta).
DFG Hyp 1 18 1 Page 18, Paragraph 1. The Report states, "[i]n some years, stream flows alone may be sufficient to delay Comment noted. Delta effect is discussed elsewhere
sandbar formation." DFG believes that at Pescadero Marsh, tidal dynamics. not just stream flow, playa in document.
substantial role in the timing of sandbar formation. DFG has observed a "reverse delta effect" of sand being
deposited higher upstream in the estuary/lagoon since the 1990s and we believe that the change in this
deposition is causing the annual delay in timing of sandbar closure.
Tim Frahm Hyp 2 18 last I would remove the work was from the sentence On both occasions, the sandbar was breached. Simply say Breach is a transitive verb. Phrasing left as is to avoid
the sandbar breached. I actually dont know anyone who thinks the Spring time breaches were artificial after having to identify who or what breached the sandbar
all, if it was artificially breached that time of year (as happens at San Gregorio), the sand bar quickly reforms. At (ocean, streamflow, person, etc).
least this paragraph notes that it is unknown regarding natural vs. artificial, but on Page 19 (bottom and top of
20), the author chooses to state it is likely that they were artificially breached. That statement has no basis Language on page 19 changed to make it clear that
yank it out. this was Dr. Sloan's statement.
Jerry Smith Hyp 1 19 2 The decrease in oxygen solubility with temperature is a not a significant factor in the hypoxia (a 16 degree C Text changed to put greater emphasis on effects of
difference reduces solubility by 30%) compared to the effects of decomposition or algal/submerged vegetation decomposition over temperature. Info about iron and
respiration. The lack of mixing in the stratified system allows either or both of those to deplete oxygen. This in sulfur compounds added.
turn can produce abundant reduced iron and sulfur compounds (as well as H2S) with high chemical oxygen
demand. Their mobilization during a breach event can rapidly deplete surface oxygen.
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Joanne Kerbavaz hyp 2, 20 5 As above, the focus on sandbar formation and breaching should be broader than comparing records pre- and "Pre- and post-Enhancement Project" revised to "to
question 2 post- Enhancement Project. It could be valuable to look at all available records, and compare the results with the maximum extent possible."
information about the configuration of tidal and freshwater flow.
Joanne Kerbavaz hyp 2, 20 5 Interpretive sign installation suggestion removed from
question 2 Based on our experience, interpretive and regulatory signs can not be relied upon to prevent illegal actions. text.
Jerry Smith Hyp 2 20 2, line 1 The word may should be removed. Diversions do have a significant impact by reducing freshwater inflows. "may" removed.
DFG Hyp 2 20 2, sent 1 The Report states, "[d]iversions in the upper watershed may have a significant impact on the Marsh .... " DFG Comment noted. Sentence unchanged as commenter
believes that water diversions do, in fact, affect water quality in the Marsh. We recommend that this sentence be has not provided confirmed evidence to prove
modified to reflect this. statement beyond "may have".
Jerry Smith hyp 2 20 line 1 The breaches of spring sandbars in 2004 and 2007 may have been artificial, but this is not known. In the 1980s Comment noted.
at Pescadero or in other systems, the sandbar forms relatively soon after the early breach. This did not happen in
either 2004 or 2007; the sandbar didnt reform until late fall as in other recent years.
Jerry Smith Hyp 2, 21 4, last Curtailing diversions (which is not likely to occur) would not delay the timing of sandbar formation, since bar Last sentence deleted.
question 4 sentence formation is determined by beach and mouth sand dynamics rather than the relatively small amount of stream
flow compared to tidal flux (see comments for page 18, paragraph 1).
Jerry Smith Hyp 3 21 l The recent (December 2009) thesis by Keenan Smith fairly convincingly indicates that the stratified fall conditions Comment noted.
and high BOD after plant dieback result in high particulates with very high chemical oxygen demand (probably
reduced iron and sulfur). When stirred into the water column by a sandbar breach they can deplete water column
oxygen in minutes.
DFG Hyp 3 21 The Report describes Hypothesis 3 as follows, "[t]he fish kill is a result of inflow of anoxic bottom waters from the Comment noted. Section discusses work substantially
channels of the Butano marsh at the time of the sandbar breach," DFG believes that research by Sloan (2006) proving that anoxic bottom water is cause of fish kill.
demonstrates that salinity stratification is the main factor driving low dissolved oxygen in the lower saline layer of But as discussed in section, data is not conclusive
the lagoon. Research done by Smith (2009) demonstrates that rapid dissolved oxygen depletion after the that the source of toxic water is confined to Butano
breaching event is caused primarily by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the re-sllspended sediment after channel.
the breach. Smith (2009) reported that anoxic water quality conditions of the lower saltwater layer driven by
salinity stratification likely reduces sedimentous iron and sulfur compounds thereby driving COD and anoxia after
the breaching event.
Tim Frahm Hyp 3 22 3 Some acknowledgement should be made that this new Butano Channel configuration has negatively impacted Text added noting potential impact on steelhead
(perhaps terminated) both upstream and downstream migration of adults and juvenile steelhead. Somewhere in migration.
this document there needs to be an acknowledgement that if conditions exist that threatens species, responsible
agencies may enact short term projects to address the condition. The tone of this entire document relies on
studies, not action. Even a projects may occur disclaimer would be appreciated.
DFG Hypothesis 3 22 3 A temporary water quality weir (bladder dam) has been proposed for installation at the Butano Marsh Channel. Comment noted. Temporary weir was installed but did
The purpose of this temporary weir will be to prevent the tidal prism from intruding into the Butano Marsh not work well and was removed. It did not span the
Channel while allowing the freshwater inflow from the channel breach east in the marsh to accumulate and channel and could not be anchored.
eventually mix with the salt water entering the estuary. In addition, reduction of the tidal prism may help form the
sand bar earlier in the summer at the mouth of Pescadero Creek. Installation of the bladder dam will also allow
for the study of the its effectiveness at reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) associated with scouring and
resuspension of sediment in the estuary as water flows from Butano Marsh into Butano Channel after the sand
bar breaching event occurs. Despite the change in the historic course of Butano Creek, DFG believes that the
installation of the temporary bladder dam will significantly contribute to improved water quality and reduce the
potential of a fish-kill.
Installation of the temporary bladder dam is anticipated to occur in June of 2010, with a proposed removal of the
bladder dam late December 2010, water quality monitoring will throughout the time period that the weir is in place
Joanne Kerbavaz hyp 3 22 3 It is suggested that a reduced fish kill after deploying a weir would be a measure to implicate oxygen-poor Text added to clarify possible confounding factors.
waters from Butano channel as a cause. It would be preferable to use water quality parameters to show both the
source of problems and the effects of any project. Using a measure of observed fish carcasses could lead to
confusion as to the causal factors of any observed change.
Tim Frahm Hyp 2, 22 I mentioned this previously I dont get it. Especially the last sentence It is important to note that curtailing Reducing diversions would increase the cfs at the
question 4 water diversion may have the effect of delaying sandbar closure until later in the summer I thought I read that mouth, thereby potentially extending the amount of
stream-flow greater than 11 cfs would keep the mouth open. Reducing the cfs should then quicken the closure, time that the mouth stays open. There is no
but the statements suggest that reduced diversions actually delay the closure. Sorry to be blunt, but I think contradiction between the two concepts.
youre on a witch hunt.
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Tim Frahm Hyp 4 22 Again you are proposing studies to quantify the percentage of dead fish rather than ways to prevent fish kills. Comment noted. No change in text. The studies
The study is important it would perhaps lead to more upstream habitat projects, but it does not address the fish outlined are "potential" studies, not recommended
kill. I would strike the second half of the Hypothesis since you shouldnt care if the fish kill is a small portion of studies. A one day forum was not sufficient time to
the population its an unnecessary fish kill that should be addressed. develop consensus on recommendations. Individual
presenters made recommendations, but these were
not adopted by the Working Group.
Joanne Kerbavaz hyp 5 23 4 As discussed above, the low levee does prevent tidal intrusion, but does not prevent overtopping by the lagoon. Text added noting value of conducting additional
State Parks staff and others have documented the continued use of freshwater locations within North Marsh for habitat and species surveys to improve
red-legged frog breeding and rearing. However, North Marsh should be considered primarily a salt marsh with understanding of species use of Marsh areas.
artificial channels that sometimes hold fresher water. Jennings and Hayes (1990, page 10) noted the variability
of both water quality and habitat availability in North Marsh. As discussed above, in 1989 Jennings and Hayes
found North Marsh too saline for red-legged frog reproduction.
Joanne Kerbavaz hyp 5 23 4 Repair of the low levee would not be likely to change the salinity of North Marsh. However, the actions described Repair of the low levee would increase the volume of
to evaluate this proposal would have value in their own right. freshwater that could be impounded in the winter.
This would lead to at least a seasonal decrease in
salinity.
Tim Frahm Hyp 6 24 3 This paragraph mixes up Butano Creek watershed with Pescadero Creek watershed. They arent the same and Second sentence deleted to maintain focus on
the ESA report notes the distinctions. Even the State Board lists them separately. Please dont mix the apples Butano Creek.
with the oranges.
DFG Potential 25 1 Page 25, Paragraph 9. Potential problems with blocking the culverts that supply water to North Pond. DFG does Comment noted. Proposal is to permanently close the
Restoration not believe that blocking the culverts would necessarily result in the loss of the tidal wetlands in the North Pond. culverts to North Pond. With only rainwater as a water
Actions #3 The impact to the North Pond tidal wetlands would be dependent on the tidal stage at the time the culverts were source, it is not clear that non-tidal salt marsh would
blocked; if they are closed at high tide then there would be no net loss of habitat although the tidal fluctuation persist. Habitat could convert to salt panne.
would cease. The loss of tidal function would occur in any case within a few months when the sandbar closes
naturally. The proposed action of blocking the culverts is merely shifting the timing of the change in tidal
fluctuation. This action could easily be implemented and would help validate any hydrologic model.
DFG Potential 25 1 Page 26, Paragraph 1. The Report describes anoxia as being a problem in the ditches and the subsequent need Comment noted. Text makes it clear that ditches are
Restoration to minimize this problem. DFG is aware of hypoxia/anoxia as being a problem throughout the Marsh, not just in one contributor to anoxia problem, not the sole
Actions #4 the ditches (Sloan 2006 and Smith 2009). Therefore, DFG recommends that actions be taken to return this source.
system to a seasonal freshwater lagoon and that actions be taken to reduce the re-suspension of sediment in
Butano Channel and in the channel connecting North Pond after the annual breaching events.
Joanne Kerbavaz possible 25 5 Proposed action: Raise (or at least repair) the low levee along the channel adjacent to North Marsh that leads to Salinity in North Marsh can be attributed both to
resotration North Pond. As above, this is not likely to reduce tidal flows to North Marsh. Salinity changes observed in North inflow of salt water and lack of dilution of salts present
actions Marsh appear related to lagoon formation rather than tidal flows. in the soil. Repair of the low levee would increase the
volume of freshwater that could be impounded in the
winter. This would lead to at least a seasonal
decrease in salinity in North Marsh. Text not
changed.
Jerry Smith Potential 25 action #2, Raising or repairing the low levee would reduce tidal flows into North Marsh only (the original goal of the low Reference to North Pond deleted. Text added
Restoration sent 2 levee). It would not affect tidal flows to North Pond. The salt water presently accumulated in North Marsh, regarding need for flushing and possible replacement
Actions #2 because of past tidal flows, would have to be flushed out (repeatedly diluted and drained). This would be aided by of culverts.
replacing the culverts at either end of the low levee, which were installed to allow such actions. They are
presently inoperable.
Jerry Smith Potential 25 This action was proposed by nobody at the forum. In any case (blocked culverts or replaced culverts), filling the Blocking or removing the culverts to North Pond has
Restoration channel between the culverts and North Pond is neither necessary nor desirable. Instead, the culverts could be been suggested by multiple stakeholders.
Actions #3 replaced with functional culverts. They could be opened in fall/winter after the sandbar breach and closed on a
set date in spring (April 15 or May1). This would allow seasonal tidal action in winter and early spring for Potential action #6 added to address restoring the
shorebirds. It would also provide a closed and more rapidly converting lagoon in summer/fall. The closed lagoon culverts and original management plan.
would raise water levels and help to maintain summer water levels in North Marsh (as in the original design,
where an elevated culvert siphoned surface freshwater into North Marsh after the lagoon level rose), and improve
conditions for tidewater goby and red-legged frog (and probably SF garter snake) in North Marsh.
Page 15
Page Paragraph
Jerry Smith Potential 26 1 Potential benefits. The anoxia and chemical oxygen demand problem is not confined to the ditches in Butano Text changed from "minimize the amount of poor
Restoration Marsh, but is widespread under stratified conditions. This would only reduce, not eliminate, the intensity and quality bottom water" to "reduce the amount"
Actions potential for fish kills on breaching. Preventing the stratified conditions would still be requires. Potential problems.
The ditches are also part of the flood conveyance system for flows through Butano Marsh. Text added regarding reduction in flood conveyance.
Tim Frahm Potential 26 Please consider adding; 1. Added to potential restoration actions list 2.
Restoration 1. Proposed Actions; Fix the culverts and manage them per the 1992 plan Added to potential restoration actions list 3.
Actions 2. Plugging the breach (flood bag project or other) or building a sill under the Pedestrian Bridge (N. Butano Text added in previous section describing hindrance
Marsh) to reduce fish kill to fish passage in Butano Creek 4.
3. Construct/create a channel for Butano Creek to provide fish passage (which has been lost thru the Butano Comment noted, no changes to text 5.
Marsh this past year) or Actions in NOAA recovery plan do not differ from
4. Dredging or clearing Butano Creek channel per the 1992 Enhancement Plan actions presented in report. No changes to text.
5. Please add the Actions noted in the Draft NOAA Coho Recovery Program which pertains to the
lagoon/marsh/estuary.
Joanne Kerbavaz Figure 4 34 1 Please accept the following corrections and additions to Figure 4: Figure revised to show lower estimate for 1995 and
1995: Reports from State Parks files suggest an estimate of 50 dead fish (predominately steelhead) at the data from 2008 and 2009 fish kills.
highway bridge, and 50 dead fish near Butano Channel. 100 would be a better estimate than the 200 shown.
2008: 6 steelhead counted (R. Sloan)
2008: 8 steelhead counted (K. Smith)
2009: 4 steelhead counted (J. Kerbavaz)
DFG Figure 5 35 Page 35, Figure 5. Active management of the sandbar is another optional management action that could be Active management of sandbar added as potential
further explored. The City of Capitola actively manages the sandbar at Soquel Creek, Santa Cruz County. They restoration action. Figure 5 not changed-- this figure
annually bulldoze the mouth closed in late spring and have installed a stand pipe to drain off the anoxic salt is presented in the text as the draft conceptual model
water. Therefore, DFG recommends that the "bar formation" box in the figure be shaded green to indicate that of the Marsh prepared in 2008 by PMWG.
this function can be altered directly by our actions.
Jerry Smith Table 3, Hyp 16, table Not just the tidal prism may be involved, but the entire dynamics of tidal flow appears may have been changed Comment noted.
1 3; p17 (including duration and timing of tidal inflow and ebbing). This is reflected in the reverse delta that has formed,
hyp 1 with sand moving up the lagoon (and filling of the embayment at the present time) rather than being deposited
at the mouth. This will require more than modeling tidal prismsee comment immediately above.
Page 16
March 15, 2010
To: Mr. Jim Porter, Director, San Mateo Co. Dept. of Public Works
From: Patty Mayall, resident, Old La Honda Rd., unincorporated area of SMC
Phone: 650-851-1902
Re: SMC DPW roadside spraying and meeting on March 10, 2010
Mr. Porter,
Thank you for taking the time to meet with me and residents of the unincorporated areas
where roadside spraying has been done this year. As you know, residents have been
dismayed by the spraying of roadsides along some of the unincorporated county roads
during January and February this year, when roadside ditches that drain into local creeks
were full of water. This was not only inconsistent with previous practices of the
Department, but also with residents of the La Honda Creek Watershed Area's agreement
with past Directors dating back to 2006. Since no minutes were recorded, I wanted to
clarify some important points and ask some of the basic questions that continue to be
unanswered by the Department.
Spraying with herbicides during the rainy season with water in ditches is in direct
violation of the San Mateo County Watershed Protection Maintenance Standards -
Vegetation Management, which state (page 59); "Herbicides shall not be applied during
wet or rainy weather due to the potential for discharge into a water body", and
"Herbicides shall not be broadcast sprayed, but shall be selectively sprayed at the plants
targeted for removal." Under Roadsides and Ditches (page 62) the Standards require:
"Vegetation on shoulders, berms, and unpaved (earthen) ditches shall be mowed as
described in "Mowing" below. Low grasses are highly desirable in earthen roadside
ditches as they filter pollutants from storm-water runoff, and reduce the velocity of flows
thereby reducing the erosive forces." These Standards were adopted by San Mateo
County in 2004. Why are they not being adhered to?
Please provide the names of the unincorporated county roads that have been sprayed this
year, and for each one, please tell us:
What spray was used (chemical and brand name)?
What were the dates and at what time of day were the applications?
What were the total quantities of spray applied on each road?
Were residents given on-road notifications before, during, and after the spray?
For the past five years, what sprays (chemical and brand names) have been used by DPW
on county roadsides, and what was the total annual quantity for each of those years?
At the meeting, you agreed that DPW will post on-road notifications of spraying before,
during, and after applications. If you decide to continue roadside spraying this year,
please inform me as to when and where, as I would like to request specific information
that the community would need to know on these notifications. However, I hope that you
will comply with the Countys own existing policies that do not support spraying.
Many of us are hoping that you and the DPW will consider and respect the serious health
concerns of and protests to this roadside spraying. I have attached the 582 petition
signatures that local residents and I voluntarily collected from March-Nov. 2006, and
provided to the DPW then. In 2006, we understood from the past Directors of the
Department that the La Honda Creek Watershed Area had achieved the same No Spray
Agreement that Pescadero residents have had with the DPW. At last weeks meeting,
you said that this 2006 agreement does not exist. I am still not clear on this
misunderstanding, and it is regrettable that Supervisor Rich Gordon was not able to
attend this meeting and help clarify this. Im hoping he will.
We will continue to work towards ending roadside spraying in the unincorporated areas
and towards protecting our watershed, our properties, and our health.
Please consider not spraying our roads this year and saving the substantial costs of
spraying for your department, and saving the greater cost to our health and watershed.
Thank you,
Patty Mayall
Attachment: 2 pages of photos of roadside spraying

55 pages of petition signatures
Cc: Supervisor and President Rich Gordon, SMC Board of Supervisors
Cc letter and photos: SMC Board of Supervisors

Poisoning Our Imperiled Wildlife
San Francisco Bay Area Endangered Species at Risk from Pesticides
A Center for Biological Diversity Report

February 2006
Writing: Je Miller
Editing: Julie Miller
Photo Editing & Design: T. DeLene Beeland
Maps: Curtis Bradley
CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

BECAUSE LIFE IS GOOD
1095 Market Street Suite 511
San Francisco CA 94103
415.436.9682
www.biologicaldiversity.org
Table of Contents
Executive Summary........................................................................................................ 3
Background on Pesticide Impacts.................................................................................. 5

Contaminated Waterways................................................................................... 5
Contaminated Sediments................................................................................... 5
Pesticide Drift...................................................................................................... 6
Effects of Pesticides on Wildlife.......................................................................... 6
Birds........................................................................................................ 6
Amphibians............................................................................................. 7
Fishes..................................................................................................... 7
Insects..................................................................................................... 7
Plants...................................................................................................... 7
Endocrine Disruption, Sexual Deformities and other Reproductive
Anomalies............................................................................................... 7
Bay Area Pesticide Use.................................................................................................. 9

Pesticide Use by County..................................................................................... 9
Pesticides of Concern in the Bay Area............................................................... 10
Case Study: Atrazine.............................................................................. 10
Case Study: Carbaryl.............................................................................. 10
Case Study: Chlorpyrifos........................................................................ 10
Case Study: Diazinon............................................................................. 11
Other Pesticide Use................................................................................ 11
Pesticide Use Threatens the Survival of Bay Area Endangered Species...................... 16

San Francisco Bay and Delta Fish Species........................................................16
North American Green Sturgeon............................................................. 16
Tidewater Goby....................................................................................... 16
Delta Smelt............................................................................................. 17
Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Trout............................ 17
Tidal Marshland and Estuarine Species............................................................. 18
Western Snowy Plover............................................................................ 18
California Black Rail................................................................................ 19
California Brown Pelican......................................................................... 19
California Clapper Rail............................................................................ 20
California Least Tern............................................................................... 20
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse...................................................................... 20
Freshwater and Wetlands Species..................................................................... 21
California Tiger Salamander.................................................................... 21
Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander........................................................ 21
California Red-Legged Frog.................................................................... 22
Giant Garter Snake................................................................................. 22
San Francisco Garter Snake................................................................... 23
California Freshwater Shrimp................................................................. 23
Delta Green Ground Beetle.................................................................... 23
Terrestrial Species.............................................................................................. 24
Swainsons Hawk.................................................................................... 24
American Peregrine Falcon.................................................................... 24
San Joaquin Kit Fox................................................................................ 25
Alameda Whipsnake............................................................................... 26
Langes Metalmark Buttery.................................................................... 26
1
Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle......................................................... 27
Bay Checkerspot Buttery....................................................................... 27
Mission Blue Buttery.............................................................................. 27
San Bruno Eln Buttery......................................................................... 28
Callippe, Behrens and Myrtles Silverspot Butteries............................. 28
Plants.................................................................................................................. 29
What is the EPA Doing to Control the Use of Pesticides?.............................................. 32

The Pesticide Registration Process.................................................................... 32
EPAs Responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act................................ 33
EPAs Failure to Adequately Evaluate Risks to Wildlife...................................... 34
EPAs So-Called Endangered Species Protection Program............................. 35
EPAs New Regulations Weakening Endangered Species Protections.............. 37
The EPA and the Courts..................................................................................... 38
Recommendations......................................................................................................... 41
Policy Recommendations for the U.S. EPA and the Federal Government......... 41
Policy Recommendations for the State Environmental Protection Agency......... 41
Recommendations for Homeowners, Renters and Parents............................... 42
Maps of Bay Area Pesticide Use in Endangered Species Habitat................................. 44

Major Tributaries of the Nine Bay Area Counties................................................ 45
Pesticide Applications Detrimental to the San Joaquin Kit Fox.......................... 46
Pesticide Applications Detrimental to the California Red-Legged Frog.............. 47
Pesticide Applications Detrimental to the California Tiger Salamander.............. 48
References..................................................................................................................... 49
Center for Biological Diversity Pesticides Reform Campaign......................................... 54
Cover photo, top center: Courtesy of Historic Arkansas Riverwalk of Pueblo.
2
Executive Summary
T
he San Francisco Bay Area is valued for its extensive report, Silent Spring Revisited,1 the EPAs regulatory oversight
open space and the spectacular San Francisco of the pesticide industry is abysmal. While the EPA is entrusted
Bay, which provide scenic views and recreational to protect public health and the environment, the agency
opportunities for nearly 10 million people. The unique Bay tends to dismiss credible studies and scientic ndings on the
Area wildlands, which give us inspiration and connection to adverse impacts of pesticides; it also ignores mounting evidence
nature, harbor rich biological diversity. The varied ecosystems demonstrating that even low doses of pesticides in wildlife and
around the Bay provide habitat for numerous endangered humans can have drastic consequences.
species of animals and plants. However, the health of the Bay
and these habitats are at risk due to extensive agricultural and A 1999 Pesticide Action Network North America (PANNA)
urban pesticide use. Toxic pesticides that are sprayed on our report, Disrupting the Balance: Ecological Impacts of Pesticides
food, our soil and our lawns nd their way into local creeks and in California, documented the impact of pesticides on wildlife
ultimately the Bay, posing a signicant threat to water quality statewide.2 The report found that multiple pesticides are often
and jeopardizing endangered species. Toxic pesticide use not found in California waters and sediments at concentrations
only poisons some of our most imperiled wildlife, it threatens exceeding levels lethal to zooplankton, a primary food source
human health particularly the health of children. for sh. The PANNA report also discussed the eects of
routine toxic pulses of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in California
This report examines the risk that toxic pesticides pose to streams during critical stages in sh development. Pesticide
endangered species in the nine Bay Area counties: Marin, contamination of the Bay Areas waterways is an ongoing
Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Contra Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara, problem, and as detailed in this report, aquatic species are
San Mateo and San Francisco. At least 30 of the 51 federally particularly vulnerable to pesticides. Much of the San Francisco
endangered or threatened animal species that survive in the Bay and Delta and many Bay Area streams are listed as
Bay Area may be adversely aected by the more than eight impaired or not meeting water quality standards due to high
million pounds of pesticides used in the Bay Area each year. concentrations of pesticides such as chlordane, chlorpyrifos,
This report also discusses the failure of the U.S. Environmental DDT, diazinon and dieldrin. Although some organophosphate
Protection Agency (EPA), the governmental agency charged chemicals such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon are being gradually
with guaranteeing the safety of pesticides for public use, to phased out from household use, the agrochemical industry
ensure that its pesticide authorizations do not harm endangered is now turning to pyrethroid pesticides that are known to
species. accumulate in aquatic sediment and become highly toxic.
More than two billion pounds of pesticides are sold each year Pesticides also aect our songbirds, waterfowl and raptors. For
in the U.S. for agricultural, commercial and home uses. The example, the pesticides carbofuran and diazinon are responsible
EPA has registered more than 18,000 pesticides, over 900 for the majority of bird kills in California; as many as 17
of them registered for use in California. Based on reported birds are killed for every ve acres treated with carbofuran.
uses alone, more than 43 million pounds of pesticide active Pesticides can disrupt the balance between pest and predator
ingredients were applied in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003. insects and kill benecial insects needed for pollination and
Actual pesticide use may have been up to several times this other ecosystem services. Finally, there is mounting evidence
amount since pesticide applications not made by professional that pesticides are having population level eects on some of
applicatorsparticularly home and garden use and most our most imperiled amphibians and on formerly abundant sh
industrial, commercial and institutional usesdo not have to species in the Delta, which should serve as a warning about
be reported to the state. For example, the San Francisco Estuary the health of the aquatic ecosystems we depend upon for clean
Projects Pesticides in Urban Surface Waters: Urban Pesticides Use water and abundant wildlife.
Trends Annual Report 2005 estimated that about 73 percent of
California pesticide use in 2003 did not require reporting. In its rush to get pesticides on the market, the EPA has
consistently disregarded requests by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
It would be easy to assume that pesticide products for sale are Service to alter pesticide registrations because of adverse impacts
safe because they are registered by the EPA. Such faith would to endangered wildlife. The Service enforces the Endangered
be misplaced, since the EPA has blindly registered many toxic Species Act and has the responsibility to cooperate with other
pesticides for public use at the behest of the agrochemical agencies in assessing the impact of government actions on
industry rather than independently assessing the risks of endangered species. Yet for over a decade, the EPA has refused
pesticides to the health of humans, animals and ecosystems. to complete mandated formal consultations with the Service on
As documented in the 2004 Center for Biological Diversity pesticide impacts to endangered species and is now attempting
to delay compliance for another 10 to 15 years. As discussed in
3
this report, there are also troubling scientic deciencies in the research on the impacts of its products. If allowed to stand,
EPAs assessments of pesticide risks and its pesticide regulation these changes will have detrimental environmental eects on
process. the imperiled wildlife of the San Francisco Bay Area as well
as on human health. These unacceptable regulations, which
In 1972, spurred by the publication of Rachel Carsons Silent explicitly adopt the EPAs long-standing refusal to comply with
Spring, Congress explicitly put environmental standards federal law, are being challenged by conservation groups.
into the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA). One of the weaknesses of FIFRA in protecting The health of our endangered species is a barometer for the
endangered wildlife from toxic pesticides is its cost-benet human residents of the Bay Area, since pesticides detected in
standard. It allows unacceptable risks to human health and wildlife habitats also nd their way into our drinking water,
the environment to continue based on economic benets in food supply, homes and gardens, and schools and workplaces.
contrast to other federal laws that tolerate less harm, such as Ultimately, pesticides that harm steelhead trout or red-legged
the Endangered Species Act and Clean Water Act. FIFRA also frogs also pose a health risk to farm workers, families and
allowed pesticides to stay on the market until the EPA gets communities. If our society can put a man on the moon, we
around to re-registering them, which the EPA still has not should be able to prevent our children, who are particularly
done for many pesticides although it has a statutory deadline susceptible to pesticides, and imperiled wildlife from exposure
of August 2007 to do so. Furthermore, since the EPA has to our most toxic poisons.
consistently failed to ensure that its pesticide authorizations
comply with the Endangered Species Act while re-registering Changing the abysmal pesticide oversight situation at the EPA
old pesticides, these toxic pesticides will still be authorized for is essential to eorts to clean up the poor state of water quality
use in sensitive habitats and adjacent areas when the agency in San Francisco Bay and its tributaries, and to protect the
completes its re-registrations in 2007. regions endangered and threatened species. This report closes
with policy recommendations for the EPA and suggestions for
The EPAs rampant violations of the Endangered Species Act homeowners to reduce our pesticide risk to protect human
have led courts to order the agency to start bringing some health and to help maintain the ecological health of the San
pesticide registrations into compliance with the Act. In Francisco Bay Area.
response, the EPA has tried to legitimize their delay by writing
it into their so-called Endangered Species Protection Program.
The EPA proposes to take an additional 15 years to address
its ongoing Endangered Species Act violations and is asking
the public to trust the agency to review pesticide registrations
through a new process that is not even in place yet. The chemical
industry has also pressed for a legislative exemption to allow
the EPA to continue to delay consultations and protections for
endangered species. A Congressional rider on an appropriations
bill that would have further restricted the review of dangerous
pesticides with regards to their eects on endangered species
was defeated in 2005. To make matters worse, Congressman
Richard Pombos anti-endangered species bill, which passed
the House of Representatives in 2005, would suspend for ve
years the requirement that new agricultural and commercial
pesticides not directly kill, harm or jeopardize the survival or
recovery of threatened and endangered species.
The Bush administration is attempting to further subvert the

public interest through new regulations that eliminate important
protections in the EPA registration process, circumventing
the Fish and Wildlife Services scientic oversight of pesticide
impacts on endangered species. Regulations adopted in July
2005 after conservation groups were successful in a series
of lawsuits based on the EPAs admitted failure to determine
the impact of pesticides on wildlife leave the EPA with sole
responsibility for assessing pesticide eects on endangered
species and allow the agrochemical industry to control all
4
Background on Pesticide Impacts
Contaminated Waterways
A
cutely toxic pulses of pesticides move down the Pesticide contamination of waterways is an ongoing problem
Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and local San in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most of the San Francisco Bay
Francisco Bay streams and through the estuaries and and Delta is listed as impaired or not meeting EPA water
Bay Delta with remarkable persistence and relatively little quality standards due to high concentrations of the pesticides
dilution, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service chlordane, DDT, diazinon and dieldrin. Of particular concern
(USFWS).3 Researchers have reported episodic toxicity in are the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Carquinez Strait,
the Delta involving peaks of organophosphate pesticides, Suisun Bay, Richardson Bay, San Pablo Bay, San Francisco
carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, triuralin and atrazine.4 Such pulsed Bay, the Oakland Inner Harbor and San Leandro Bay.6 In
introduction of pollutants may increase the time of exposure 2005, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board
to pesticides or expose sh and other aquatic organisms during proposed adding several water bodies to the impaired list due
biologically sensitive times. to pesticides: Lake Chabot for chlordane, DDT and dieldrin;
San Pablo Reservoir for chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor and
There is growing evidence that numerous sh species in the toxaphene; and San Leandro Bay, Stege Marsh in Richmond
Delta are suering direct mortality or additional stress from and Stevens Creek for chlordane and dieldrin.7
the presence of toxic substances such as pesticides. There is
also evidence that the plankton upon which Delta sh feed Thirty-seven creeks draining into San Francisco Bay are also
may be depleted by highly concentrated pulses of pesticides. listed as impaired due to high concentrations of the pesticide
The Deltas open water forage sh populations are collapsing diazinon, including: Arroyo Corte Madera Del Presidio, Corte
in a crisis that potentially threatens the entire estuarine food Madera Creek, Coyote Creek, Gallinas Creek, Miller Creek,
web. In fall 2004, Delta smelt and juvenile striped bass in the Novato Creek, San Antonio Creek and San Rafael Creek
Delta were at their lowest ever recorded levels, and copepods, in Marin County; the Petaluma River in Sonoma County;
the main food source for small sh in the Delta, have also fallen Laurel Creek, Ledgewood Creek and Suisun Slough in Solano
to extremely low levels. Toxic chemicals including pesticides County; Mount Diablo Creek, Pine Creek, Pinole Creek,
and herbicides are suspected to play a role in these alarming Rodeo Creek, San Pablo Creek, Walnut Creek and Wildcat
declines. Creek in Contra Costa County; Alameda Creek, Arroyo De La
Laguna, Arroyo Del Valle, Arroyo Las Positas, Arroyo Mocho,
Agricultural and urban runo transport pesticides away from lower San Leandro Creek and San Lorenzo Creek in Alameda
their application areas, with pesticides either dissolved in County; Calabazas Creek, Coyote Creek, the Guadalupe River,
water or bound to suspended sediments in the water. The U.S. Los Gatos Creek, Matadero Creek, Permanente Creek, San
Geological Survey (USGS) recently released several reports on Felipe Creek, Saratoga Creek and Stevens Creek in Santa Clara
nationwide water quality surveys, documenting the astounding County; and San Francisquito Creek and San Mateo Creek in
prevalence of pesticides in our nations waterways, particularly San Mateo County.8
in streams and ground water located in basins with signicant
agricultural or urban development.5 This polluted runo can
pose acute and chronic problems to wildlife and plants. Not Contaminated Sediments
surprisingly, the USGS noted a direct correlation between the
amounts and types of pesticides used and their frequency in The health of the Bays sediment is important because it provides
nearby surface waters. Mixtures of multiple pesticides were habitat for benthic organisms at the bottom of the food chain,
commonly found in stream samples and pesticides were at such as clams and insects, which are a food source for sh. The
concentrations established by the Environmental Protection presence of pesticides in Bay sediments or on stream bottoms
Agency (EPA) as levels of concern. Yet the EPA continues to also indicates that pesticides are or were present in the Bay or in
assess the risk of each pesticide individually, failing to consider the water of a stream.9 Stream sediments can act as a reservoir
cumulative and synergistic eects. Moreover, the USGS studies for contaminants, with pesticides entering and leaving stream
only represent a brief snapshot of pesticides in our environment, bottom sediments through numerous pathways. Stream
since they did not assess aquatic pesticide concentrations sediments can be contaminated by settling of contaminated
through daily monitoring over the entire seasons that pesticides suspended sediments, re-suspension and export of sediments in
are used. With limited sampling size, the studies most likely do the water column, adsorption onto and release from mineral or
not reect the highest concentrations and fail to measure the organic sediments, interactions with stream-bottom organisms,
duration pesticides persist in our waters. ingestion or absorption by organisms, and elimination of
5
wastes and release from decaying contaminated organisms.10 documenting adverse impacts of pesticide drift on wildlife
Pesticides can persist and accumulate in sediment and in aquatic and humans. The CPR analysis found pesticides far from their
organisms through these processes even at concentrations too application sites at concentrations signicantly exceeding acute
low to be detected using conventional methods. and chronic exposure levels deemed safe by the EPA. The
thousands of reported complaints the EPA receives each year
Pesticides of concern enter the water and active sediment of from around the country on o-target spray drift conrm the
San Francisco Bay in runo from the Central Valley and local CPR study ndings.
watersheds. The USGS is studying sediments transported into
the San Francisco Bay Estuary from the Sacramento and San Although the EPA notes that spray drift continues to be of
Joaquin Rivers, which carry waters from the Central Valley concern and has a policy to prevent pesticide drift from target
where more than 500 dierent pesticides are used.11 Pesticides in sites, the agency acknowledges that some degree of drift occurs
sediments may account for much of the pesticides transported from nearly all applications. 20 The EPA relies on applicators
to estuaries, where they have dierent environmental eects voluntarily following pesticide labels to prevent drift, yet
than dissolved pesticides, aecting aquatic life dierently and acknowledges that current labels are inadequate in preventing
posing a particular risk to lter-feeding pelagic and benthic spray drift.21 For example, in the recently released re-registration
organisms. The majority of suspended sediments move into decision for the highly toxic pesticide atrazine, the EPA simply
estuaries in annual pulse ows with the rst ush of runo from stated the following for spray drift management: The Agency
the rst major winter storm; contaminated sediments remain is currently working with stakeholders to develop appropriate
in estuaries longer than contaminated water does, increasing generic labels to address spray drift risk. Once this process is
exposure risk for some aquatic organisms.12 completed, atrazine labels will need to be revised to include
this additional language.22 Although the EPA published draft
guidance for label statements in 2001, it has yet to nalize label
Pticide Drift guidance for spray and dust drift, and the agency continues to
rely on voluntary standards to control spray drift.23
Pesticides can also travel inadvertently to sensitive habitats
through pesticide drift: the, airborne movement of pesticides The CPR study concluded that current EPA pesticide label
away from a target site, resulting from aerial application or from language is inadequate to control spray drift. The EPAs failure
wind movement over soils containing pesticides. Pesticides to control spray drift places wildlife at risk and jeopardizes
can drift as droplets, dusts, volatilized vapor-phase pesticides endangered species, in violation of the Endangered Species
or pesticide-contaminated soil particles. Aerial pesticide Act. Until the EPA aggressively addresses spray drift, it will also
applications typically result in considerable o-site drift, continue to abrogate its duties under the Federal Insecticide,
according to the National Research Council.13 The amount of Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to protect humans
pesticide drift can vary from 5 percent under optimal low-wind and the environment from unreasonable adverse eects.
conditions to as high as 60 percent.14 The Congressional Oce
of Technology Assessment estimates that about 40 percent of
an aerial insecticide application leaves the target area and that Ees of Pticid on Wildlife
less than 1 percent actually reaches the intended pest.15 The
typical range for drift is 100 to 1,600 meters; however, longer BIRDS
range drift up to 50 miles has been documented.16 Although the pesticide DDT has been banned in the U.S. for
over 25 years, other pesticides are still killing birds and causing
Impacts to wildlife from pesticide drift have been documented, avian reproductive problems throughout the country. For rare,
particularly to amphibians, for which pesticides appear to endangered or threatened birds, even a few pesticide poisoning
be compromising their immune systems. Studies implicate incidents can be signicant, and interference with successful
pesticide drift from the Central Valley in disproportional reproduction can jeopardize the entire species. Nationwide,
declines of several native frog species in the Sierra Nevada, even annual avian mortality is estimated at 10 percent of the 672
aecting frogs collected from high in the Sierra Nevada far million birds exposed to agricultural pesticides alone, although
from areas of direct pesticide use.17 Studies have found a close reported kills represent only a fraction of actual bird mortality.
correlation between declining populations of amphibians and In California, the insecticides diazinon and carbofuran have
exposure to agricultural pesticides, raising signicant concerns caused most documented bird kills. Organochlorine pesticides,
about pesticide impacts on non-target organisms living far such as DDT, also continue to interfere with avian reproduction
away from the point of application.18 long after their use has been discontinued. Synthetic
pyrethroids, similar to organochlorines, are also suspected
In 2003, Californians for Pesticide Reform (CPR) released to have reproductive eects on birds. Sub-lethal exposure to
Secondhand Pesticides: Airborne Pesticide Drift in California,19 pesticides can chronically aect avian behavior, reproduction
6
and nervous system function. Birds exposed to pesticides can nutrient cycling and pest control. Pest insect populations can
become more susceptible to predation, experience weight loss often recover more rapidly than benecial insects because
and have decreased resistance to disease. Pesticide exposure can of their larger numbers and ability to develop resistance to
also reduce interest in mating and defending territory and can pesticides. With rapid reproduction and no predators to check
cause birds to abandon their nestlings. their numbers, this can cause a resurgence of the target pest
and secondary pests. Escalating pesticide applications can
AMPHIBIANS result in pests with even greater resistance to pesticides, and
Due to their recognized sensitivity to contaminants, amphibians the pesticide treadmill goes around and around. Although
are a barometer of environmental health. Adverse impacts to nationwide insecticide use increased 10-fold from 1945 to
amphibians are often the rst sign that our ecosystems are under 1989, crop losses from insects nearly doubled and now more
stress. Since amphibians respire through their skin and spend than 500 pest species are resistant to pesticides nationwide.
much of their life cycle in water, moving through the interface Meanwhile, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
of water and air, they are at high risk from chemical pollutants. we are facing an impending pollinator crisis, in which both
Pesticides are often insoluble in water and tend to concentrate wild and managed pollinators are disappearing at alarming
on the surface. This heightens the risk to amphibians, which rates, partly due to pesticides.27
readily absorb chemicals through their permeable skins. Many
studies have demonstrated that pesticide residues in water, PLANTS
sediment and vegetation can harm amphibians in aquatic Herbicide use is obviously a threat to listed plant species,
environments by delaying or altering larval development or since herbicides are chemicals specically formulated to kill
by reducing breeding or feeding activity.24 Many pesticides plants. Herbicides are widely applied to gardens, lawns and
currently in use can potentially disrupt amphibian endocrine crops to control unwanted plants and weeds, but can aect
systems, adversely aecting adult breeding and embryonic non-target plants through aerial drift or runo. Herbicides
larval development.25 For example, in a recent University of applied indiscriminately to roads and right-of-ways have been
California study, the herbicide atrazine was found to disrupt documented to kill rare or listed plant species in the Bay Area.
sexual development of frogs at concentrations 30 times lower
than levels allowed by the EPA.26 Also of great concern is ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION, SEXUAL DEFORMITIES
the possibility that pesticide pollutants act as environmental AND OTHER REPRODUCTIVE ANOMALIES
stressors, rendering amphibians more susceptible to aquatic Endocrine disruptors are synthetic chemicals that mimic
pathogens and diseases. natural hormones, disrupting natural processes by sending
false messages, blocking real messages, preventing synthesis
FISHES of the bodys own hormones, and accelerating the breakdown
Fish in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay and excretion of hormones. Endocrine disruption aects how
and its tributaries inhabit an ecosystem already stressed by animals develop and function and can cause severe damage
dams and water diversions, urban development and invasion of during critical developmental stages.28 Reproductive disorders,
exotic species. The large concentrations of toxic pesticides that immune system dysfunction, thyroid disorders, types of
enter the Bay also aect many aquatic species. The widely used cancer, birth defects and neurological eects have all been
insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos are of particular concern linked to endocrine disruption. Ospring of those aected by
in the Bay Area. Toxic pulses of pesticides occur regularly as endocrine disruptors may also suer from lifelong health and
storm water and irrigation runo carry pesticides from urban reproductive abnormalities, including reduced fertility, altered
and agricultural areas into surface waters. Multiple pesticides sexual behavior, lowered immunity and cancer.29
are found in Bay waters and sediments, often at concentrations
above lethal levels for organisms eaten by sh. Pesticides can Over 60 percent of all agricultural herbicides applied in the
kill aquatic animals and plants, impair reproduction, and U.S. (measured by volume) have the potential to disrupt
reduce food sources for sh. Numerous sh species in the endocrine and/or reproductive systems of humans and
San Francisco Bay Delta have recently experienced dramatic wildlife.30 Several organophosphate and carbamate pesticides
population declines, and toxic contaminants are thought to are recognized as endocrine disruptors.31 Studies have shown
be one of the major stressors aecting sh in the Bay Delta endocrine disrupting eects from the pesticides atrazine,
ecosystem. chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan, malathion, methoprene
and methoxychlor in amphibians, salmon, mice, turtles and
INSECTS aquatic arthropods.32 Wildlife studies of gulls, terns, shes,
Broad-spectrum pesticides used to destroy pest insects can whales, porpoises, alligators and turtles also link environmental
disrupt the natural balance between pest and predator insects contaminants such as pesticides with disturbances in sex
and indiscriminately kill benecial insects as well. Many hormone production and/or action.
benecial insects play essential roles in pollination, soil aeration,
7
Studies suggest that pesticides can aect organisms at extremely
low levels, even at concentrations too low to be detected; they
also suggest that amphibians are likely to be far more sensitive
to pesticides in the natural world than traditional laboratory
tests used to establish regulatory standards indicate.33 A
compelling example is the University of California study
showing that exposure of low levels of atrazine prevented the
masculine characteristics of male frogs from fully forming and
in some cases caused hermaphroditism.34 This study exposed
frogs to low levels of atrazine, which prevented the masculine
characteristics of male frogs from fully forming and in some
cases caused hermaphroditism. The extent of these deformities
would likely be magnied in the natural environment because
the highest atrazine levels coincide with the amphibian
breeding season. Another study has demonstrated that
exposure to multiple pesticides can cause endocrine, immune
and behavioral changes even though no eects were noted from
exposure to each chemical in isolation.35
8
Bay Area Pesticide Use
T
he California Department of Pesticide Regulation Sonoma County
(CDPR) tracks registered pesticide use by total pounds Reported pesticide use in Sonoma County from 1999 to
of active ingredient applied. A recent analysis by the 2003 averaged over three million pounds of active ingredients
Pesticide Action Network comparing four years of reported per year. In 2003, over 2,890,000 pounds of pesticides were
use and reported sales of pesticides found that non-reporting reported applied over 813,011 acres. The top ve reported
may be signicant, with reporting rates from 9 percent to 138 pesticide uses in Sonoma County in 2003 were sulfur, 1,3-
percent.36 Actual use of pesticides in California can typically dichloropropene, isopropylamine salt glyphosate, unclassied
be up to three times the reported use,37 since home and garden petroleum oil and rened petroleum distillates.
pesticide use and most industrial, commercial and institutional
pesticide applications not made by professional applicators do Napa County
not have to be reported to the state and are not reected in Reported pesticide use in Napa County from 1999 to 2003
these totals. Pesticide uses that require reporting are generally averaged over two million pounds of active ingredients per year.
agricultural uses or urban application by licensed pest control In 2003, over 1,930,000 pounds of pesticides were reported
operators. applied over 577,747 acres. The top ve reported pesticide
uses in Napa County in 2003 were sulfur, isopropylamine salt
In the ve years from 1999 to 2003 (the most recent years glyphosate, potassium bicarbonate, rened petroleum distillates
for which data is available), use of over 43 million pounds and copper hydroxide.
of pesticide active ingredients was reported in the nine Bay
Area counties.38 Over 8.6 million pounds of pesticide active Solano County
ingredients were reported applied over 2.37 million acres in Reported pesticide use in Solano County from 1999 to 2003
the Bay Area in 2003 alone. In addition, a portion of the averaged just under one and a half million pounds of active
estimated 150 million pounds of pesticides applied to crops in ingredients per year. In 2003, just under 1,090,000 pounds of
the Central Valley each year is transported to the San Francisco pesticides were reported applied over 566,652 acres. The top ve
Bay and Delta. reported pesticide uses in Solano County in 2003 were sulfur,
metam-sodium, unclassied petroleum oil, isopropylamine salt
Reported Bay Area Pesticide Use from 1999 to 2003 (in pounds glyphosate and 2,4-D.
of active ingredients)
Contra Costa County
Marin County 349,632 Reported pesticide use in Contra Costa County from 1999 to
Sonoma County 15,320,916 2003 averaged over 590,000 pounds of active ingredients per
Napa County 10,388,521 year. In 2003, over 990,000 pounds of pesticides were reported
Solano County 7,337,722 applied over 183,061 acres. The top ve reported pesticide uses
Contra Costa County 2,970,945 in Contra Costa County in 2003 were petroleum distillates,
Alameda County 1,632,484 sulfur, isopropylamine salt glyphosate, diuron and kaolin.
Santa Clara County 4,123,478
San Mateo County 1,270,711 Alameda County
San Francisco County 97,302 Reported pesticide use in Alameda County from 1999 to 2003
Total 43,491,711 averaged over 325,000 pounds of active ingredients per year. In
2003, over 440,000 pounds of pesticides were reported applied
over 48,559 acres. The top ve reported pesticide uses in
Alameda County in 2003 were isopropylamine salt glyphosate,
Pticide Use by County sulfuryl uoride, diuron, 2,4-D and calcium hypochlorite.
Marin County
Santa Clara County
Reported pesticide use in Marin County from 1999 to 2003
Reported pesticide use in Santa Clara County from 1999 to
averaged about 70,000 pounds of active ingredients per year. In
2003 averaged almost 825,000 pounds of active ingredients per
2003, over 59,000 pounds of pesticides were reported applied
year. In 2003, over 978,000 pounds of pesticides were reported
over 9,508 acres. The top ve reported pesticide uses in Marin
applied over 150,730 acres. The top ve reported pesticide
County in 2003 were sulfuryl uoride, sulfur, copper sulfate,
uses in Santa Clara County in 2003 were sulfuryl uoride,
disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and formaldehyde.
metam-sodium, sulfur, isopropylamine salt glyphosate and
chloropicrin.
9
San Mateo County particular concern for amphibians such as the California red-
Reported pesticide use in San Mateo County from 1999 to legged frog and California tiger salamander, and for sh such
2003 averaged over 250,000 pounds of active ingredients per as Delta smelt, salmon and steelhead trout. Reported Bay Area
year. In 2003, over 273,000 pounds of pesticides were reported use of atrazine was only 3,700 pounds from 1999 to 2003,
applied over 29,000 acres. The top ve reported pesticide uses primarily in Solano and Contra Costa counties. However,
in San Mateo County in 2003 were sulfuryl uoride, petroleum the actual unreported Bay Area use of atrazine, including
distillates, potassium n-methyldithio carbamate, disodium widespread home, garden and unreported commercial use, was
octaborate tetrahydrate and liqueed nitrogen likely considerably higher.
San Francisco County CASE STUDY: CARBARYL

Reported pesticide use in San Francisco County from 1999 Carbaryl is a carbamate insecticide that is very toxic to aquatic
to 2003 averaged over 19,000 pounds of active ingredients invertebrates and to sh, particularly salmonids. This chemical
per year. In 2003, over 12,000 pounds of pesticides were may aect swimming capability and increase vulnerability of
reported applied. The top ve reported pesticides used in San sh to predation. It is also toxic to honeybees, earthworms,
Francisco County in 2003 were boric acid, isopropylamine salt crustaceans, stone ies and mayies. For mammals, carbaryl
glyphosate, butoxyethyl ester triclopyr, disodium octaborate is suspected to be a carcinogen, mutagen and viral enhancer
tetrahydrate and acephate. and is suspected to decrease fertility. Carbaryl is an endocrine
disruptor that may aect breeding success and reproduction for
birds and sh due to long-term toxicity. It binds to soil and can
Pticid of Concern in the Bay Area nd its way into water in run-o. Use of carbaryl in the Bay
Area is of particular concern for salmon, steelhead trout and the
California red-legged frog. Reported use of carbaryl in the Bay
CASE STUDY: ATRAZINE Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 87,000 pounds. However,
Atrazine, the most commonly used herbicide in the United
the San Francisco Estuary Project estimated that actual Bay
States, is so dangerous to humans and wildlife that it was
Area use of carbaryl in 2003 alone was 30,000 pounds, when
recently banned by the European Union. Numerous studies have
use of just over 10,000 pounds was reported.41 Thus, actual Bay
provided overwhelming evidence linking atrazine to signicant
Area use of carbaryl from 1999 to 2003 may have approached
human and wildlife health concerns, including endocrine
over 250,000 pounds.
disruption. Atrazine is also linked to declines of endangered
amphibians in California and many other endangered species
throughout the country. Recent studies by Dr. Tyrone Hayes CASE STUDY: CHLORPYRIFOS
at the University of California have strengthened the case for Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide with both
banning atrazine, the most common contaminant of ground, agricultural and urban uses. It is the most widely used
surface, and drinking water. Dr. Hayes demonstrated that insecticide in the U.S. and consequently has been detected in
atrazine is an endocrine disruptor that directly aects the groundwater and in surface water. Virtually all homeowner
sexual development of amphibians, chemically castrating and uses of chlorpyrifos were banned in the U.S. in December of
feminizing male frogs at concentrations 30 times lower than 2001.
levels allowed by the EPA.39 Atrazine shrank the larynges of
male frogs at doses as low as one part per billion, which is Chlorpyrifos has very high immediate toxicity for mollusks,
signicant because the frogs use vocalization to mate. sh, crustaceans, bees and aquatic insects; high to very high
immediate toxicity for birds; and low to high immediate
Furthermore, atrazine exceeds EPA toxicity levels of concern toxicity for amphibians. For mammals, chlorpyrifos can have
for direct chronic eects on mammals, birds, sh, aquatic cumulative long-term eects, is known to be a fetotoxin and
invertebrates and direct acute eects on non-target terrestrial delayed neurotoxin, and may cause sterility and impotence.
and aquatic plants. Atrazine may persist in the environment Long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos can cause leg weakness
at concentrations in excess of levels of concern for months. It and delayed neurotoxicity for birds, aect the growth of sh,
is also highly toxic to aquatic plants and has sub-lethal and and aect the reproduction and equilibrium of crustaceans.
indirect eects on aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. Due Chlorpyrifos is also toxic to some plants. Chlorpyrifos was
to its high mobility and solubility, atrazine is likely to nd its found to cause 80 percent mortality in 17 of 23 benecial
way into groundwater40 and thus poses a risk to the health insects tested by the International Organization for Biological
and integrity of aquatic communities. Specically, reported Control.42 Bio-concentration of chlorpyrifos in ponds and
sub-lethal eects of atrazine include endocrine disruption in estuarine areas may pose acute and/or reproductive risks
sh and frogs and olfactory eects in salmon. Atrazine is also to aquatic birds and mammals feeding adjacent to treated
known to increase the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides, areas.43 Synergistic interactions have been observed between
such as chlorpyrifos. Use of atrazine in the Bay Area is of chlorpyrifos and other chemicals, enhancing its toxicity.44
10
Use of chlorpyrifos in the Bay Area is of particular concern immediate toxicity of acephate is medium to high for birds
for sh such as Delta smelt and Pacic salmon, and for the and high for bees. Acephate has been attributed elsewhere
California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander and to die-os of birds. Long-term toxicity eects of acephate
brown pelican. Reported use of chlorpyrifos in the Bay Area may include altered behavior and breeding success for birds,
from 1999 to 2003 was over 264,000 pounds.45 However, the suspected carcinogenic and mutagenic eects for mammals, as
San Francisco Estuary Project estimated that actual Bay Area well as toxicity to fetuses and some evidence of hormonal eects
use of chlorpyrifos in 2003 alone was 80,000 pounds, when for mammals. Use of acephate in the Bay Area is of particular
use of just over 15,000 pounds was reported.46 Thus, actual concern for the California tiger salamander and California red-
Bay Area use of chlorpyrifos from 1999 to 2003 may have legged frog. Reported use of acephate in the Bay Area from
approached over one million pounds. 1999 to 2003 was over 40,000 pounds.
CASE STUDY: DIAZINON Aluminum Phosphide

Diazinon is a widely used, highly toxic organophosphate Aluminum phosphide is a burrow fumigant used as a
insecticide. It has also been detected in groundwater and in rodenticide. Use of aluminum phosphide in the Bay Area is of
surface water throughout the U.S., where it is highly toxic to particular concern for the San Joaquin kit fox. Reported use of
aquatic invertebrates. Use of diazinon has been banned in the aluminum phosphide from 1999 to 2003 in the three East Bay
U.S. on golf courses and turf farms, since eld kills of waterfowl counties where the kit fox occurs was over 22,000 pounds.
have been reported following use on turf. The EPA recently
banned residential use of diazinon because of the growing Azinphos-Methyl
nationwide protest against its use from environmentalists and Azinphos-methyl is a widely used agricultural insecticide
public health advocates. commonly applied to fruit orchards. Azinphos-methyl is highly
toxic to freshwater and marine sh and invertebrates. Potential
Diazinon is very highly toxic to birds, mammals, sh, exposure from spray drift and surface residues also places birds
amphibians, benecial insects and freshwater, estuarine and and mammals at risk. Azinphos-methyl exceeds EPA toxicity
marine animals. Diazinon is also toxic to some plants. The use levels of concern up to 47-fold for birds and 99-fold for small
of diazinon as a seed dressing is of concern since it is highly mammals, strongly suggesting that adverse reproductive eects
toxic to birds. Bird kills associated with diazinon have been are likely from chronic exposure to sub-lethal doses. Azinphos
reported throughout the U.S, and in 1988 the EPA concluded methyl has caused massive sh kills throughout the U.S. There
that the use of diazinon in open areas poses a widespread and is evidence that azinphos-methyl kills aquatic organisms and
continuous hazard to birds. Diazinon has caused the second there are also documented kills of birds, mammals and reptiles.
largest number of total known incidents of bird mortality Use of azinphos-methyl in the Bay Area is of particular concern
of any pesticide in the U.S. Sub-lethal eects on aquatic for salmon, steelhead trout, California tiger salamander and
invertebrate behavior and growth of early life stages of sh have California red-legged frog. Reported use of azinphos-methyl in
been reported at low concentrations of diazinon. the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 21,000 pounds.
Use of diazinon in the Bay Area is of particular concern for Bensulide

the California red-legged frog, many birds, and sh such as Bensulide is an organophosphate herbicide used on grasses
the Delta smelt, tidewater goby and Pacic salmon. Reported and weeds in food crops and golf courses. The most signicant
use of diazinon in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over risk from bensulide is potential eggshell thinning for birds.
264,000 pounds.47 However, the San Francisco Estuary Project Bensulide residues on wildlife food items can also pose a risk
estimated that actual Bay Area use of diazinon in 2003 alone to mammals. Bensulide exceeds EPA toxicity levels of concern
was 50,000 pounds, when use of just over 15,000 pounds was for freshwater sh and freshwater invertebrates, with high
reported, and the California Regional Water Quality Control immediate toxicity for sh. Reported use of bensulide in the
Board reports that the Bay Area uses about 170,000 pounds of Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 17,000 pounds.
diazinon each year.48 Thus, actual Bay Area use of diazinon from
1999 to 2003 may have approached one million pounds. Captan
Captan is a fungicide used on fruit and golf courses. Most
OTHER PESTICIDE USE food crop uses in the U.S. were cancelled in 1989. Captan
Acephate exceeds EPA toxicity levels of concern for mammals, freshwater
Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide used on eld, fruit sh and invertebrates. Captan is known to have long-term
and vegetable crops and golf courses. All uses of acephate form carcinogen eects on mammals and is a suspected mutagen
the breakdown product methamidophos, which exceeds EPA and immunotoxin as well. Reported use of captan in the Bay
toxicity levels of concern for endangered species of mammals, Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 8,000 pounds.
amphibians, reptiles, insects and freshwater invertebrates. The
11
Carbofuran neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. In November 2005 the
Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide widely used in agriculture. California Oce of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
Many of its granular uses have been phased out due to the announced its intention to list 2,4-D and related compounds
risk of mortality to wildlife. Carbofuran is extremely toxic to as developmental toxicants under Californias Safe Drinking
birds, aecting songbirds, waterfowl and raptors. This pesticide Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Centers for Disease
has been estimated to kill one to two million birds annually in Control studies indicate that one quarter of the U.S. population
the U.S.49 and has caused the largest number of total known carries 2,4-D in their bodies, and children between the ages of
incidents of bird mortality of any pesticide in California.50 six and 11 have signicantly higher exposure rates. Use of 2,4-
Application of carbofuran to crops has resulted in as many as D in the Bay Area is of particular concern for Pacic salmon,
17 bird kills for every ve acres treated.51 Use of carbofuran steelhead trout and the salt marsh harvest mouse. Reported use
in the Bay Area is of concern for all birds, particularly the of 2,4-D in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 262,000
peregrine falcon, and for the giant garter snake, San Francisco pounds.
garter snake and Delta smelt. Reported use of carbofuran in the
Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 9,000 pounds. 1,3-Dichloropropene
1,3-Dichloropropene is a fungicide and insecticide. 1,3-D is
Chlorothalonil acutely toxic to terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as well as
Chlorothalonil is an organochlorine fungicide that has been sh. It is often contaminated with the more highly toxic and
detected in groundwater throughout the U.S. Chlorothalonil persistent chemical 1,2-dichloropropane. Reported use of 1,3-
is highly toxic to sh and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. D in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was 800,000 pounds.
Chlorothalonil suspends to organic matter once in water and is
slow to biodegrade in still waters, posing a risk to sh and their Dicofol
habitat. Chlorothalonil is persistent in soils and is also acutely Dicofol is an insecticide used to kill mites on a variety of fruit,
toxic to crabs, frogs and water eas. Long term chlorothalonil vegetable, ornamental and eld crops. Dicofol is manufactured
exposure in mammals can result in cancer and damage to skin, from and is structurally similar to DDT. It is highly toxic
eyes and kidneys. The EPA has stated that registered uses of to aquatic life and can cause eggshell thinning in some bird
chlorothalonil may adversely aect endangered species of birds species. Dicofol is highly to very highly toxic to a range of
(chronically), mammals (chronically), freshwater sh (acutely aquatic organisms, including sh, invertebrates and estuarine/
and chronically), freshwater invertebrates (acutely) and aquatic marine organisms. Environmental concerns have prompted
plants.52 Sweden to ban dicofol. Use of dicofol in the Bay Area is of
particular concern for the peregrine falcon and California red-
Use of chlorothalonil in the Bay Area is of particular concern legged frog. Reported use of dicofol in the Bay Area from 1999
for the San Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail, salt to 2003 was over 15,000 pounds.
marsh harvest mouse and listed buttery species. Reported use
of chlorothalonil in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over Disulfoton
109,000 pounds. Disulfoton is an insecticide primarily used on eld crops, fruit
and nut trees, ornamentals and Christmas trees. Endangered
2,4-D species levels of concern have been exceeded for birds, mammals,
2,4-D is a selective herbicide widely used as a weed killer for freshwater sh, freshwater invertebrates, marine/estuarine sh
lawns. Forms of the chemical are found in approximately 660 and marine/estuarine invertebrates. Endangered terrestrial,
agricultural and home use products. 2,4-D readily moves into semi-aquatic and aquatic plants may also be aected by this
waterways, is capable of leaching into groundwater, and has pesticide. Use of disulfoton in the Bay Area is of particular
been detected in groundwater and surface water throughout concern for the California red-legged frog, Swainsons hawk,
the U. S. 2,4-D is sometimes used as an aquatic herbicide and Valley elderberry longhorn beetle and Delta green ground
is used near waterways that may be drinking water sources. It beetle. Reported use of disulfoton in the Bay Area from 1999
is highly toxic to aquatic vertebrates and is clearly toxic to sh to 2003 was over 6,900 pounds.
at early life-stages. 2,4-D is also toxic to crustaceans, birds and
non-target insects. Although generally classied as non-toxic to Diuron
benecial insects, some adverse eects have been reported on Diuron is a highly persistent herbicide with a half-life of longer
the early life-stages and adults of some insects and, because of than six months. Its toxicity to endangered plants is of great
widespread use, insects of many kinds could be exposed. Long- concern. Use of diuron in the Bay Area is of particular concern
term exposure to 2,4-D can aect egg production in birds and for listed plant species, Pacic salmon and California freshwater
inhibit egg development in amphibians. shrimp. Reported use of diuron in the Bay Area from 1999 to
2003 was over 424,000 pounds.
The EPA has noted concerns about 2,4-D causing abortions,
skeletal abnormalities in mammals, developmental
12
Endosulfan Reported use of ethoprop in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003
Endosulfan is a highly toxic insecticide used on crops. was 900 pounds, almost all applied in Santa Clara County.
Endosulfan produces neurotoxic eects and incident data has
conrmed toxicity to birds and sh. Endosulfan poisoning Fenamiphos
incidents account for the greatest percentage of non-target Fenamiphos is an organophosphate insecticide used on food
mortality reported in the EPAs Ecological Incident Information crops, ornamentals and golf courses. The immediate toxicity
System outside of incidents associated with organophosphates of fenamiphos is very high for birds, medium to very high
and carbofuran. The EPA also acknowledges that endosulfan for sh and high for bees. At current registered rates and
is an endocrine disruptor. The EPAs ecological assessment uses, endangered species levels of concern are exceeded for all
indicates endosulfan is very highly toxic to both terrestrial terrestrial and aquatic organisms. The EPA stated that it has
and aquatic organisms.53 Use of endosulfan in the Bay Area concerns about the risks posed to endangered aquatic and
is of particular concern for the California red-legged frog and terrestrial animal species exposed to fenamiphos under current
California tiger salamander. Reported use of endosulfan in the use practices and application methods.57 Use of fenamiphos in
Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 9,800 pounds. the Bay Area is of particular concern for the California red-
legged frog and California tiger salamander. Reported use
Esfenvalerate of fenamiphos in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over
Esfenvalerate is a pyrethroid insecticide used on vegetable 13,900 pounds.
crops, tree fruit, and nut crops. Esfenvalerate is highly toxic
to bees and sh. Use of esfenvalerate in the Bay Area is of Malathion
particular concern for the California red-legged frog. Reported Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide used on agricultural
use of esfenvalerate in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was food and feed crops, Christmas trees and landscaping. Drift
over 3,800 pounds.54 However, the San Francisco Estuary from ultra-low volume aerial applications and the fate of
Project estimated that actual Bay Area use of esfenvalerate in its breakdown product malaoxon in the environment are of
2003 alone was 4,000 pounds, when only 778 pounds were concern. Malathion has an endocrine disrupting eect and a
reported.55 Thus, actual use of esfenvalerate in the Bay Area wide range of long-term eects on mammals including damage
from 1999 to 2003 may have approached 20,000 pounds. to eyesight, abnormal brain waves, immunosuppression and
delayed neurotoxicity. Malathion has a very high immediate
Ethauralin toxicity for bees, amphibians and aquatic insects. Endangered
Ethauralin is a selective herbicide used in crop areas. The EPAs species levels of concern are exceeded for acute hazard to
ecological assessment of ethauralin found that endangered endangered sh, aquatic invertebrates and insects. Chronic
species levels of concern were exceeded for freshwater organisms hazard levels of concern are exceeded by most uses for
and estuarine/marine invertebrates. The EPA stated that it has endangered sh and invertebrates and are potentially exceeded
concerns about the exposure of threatened and endangered for certain uses for threatened birds, mammals, amphibians
plant and animal species to ethauralin.56 Reported use of and reptiles.
ethauralin in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over
14,000 pounds. Use of malathion in the Bay Area is of particular concern for
the California red-legged frog, California tiger salamander,
Ethoprop Delta smelt and Pacic salmon. Reported use of malathion in
Ethoprop is a fairly persistent organophosphate insecticide used the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 32,000 pounds.58
on agricultural crops and golf courses. Ethoprop is a known However, the San Francisco Estuary Project estimated that
cholinesterase inhibitor that is very highly toxic to avian species actual Bay Area use of malathion in 2003 alone was 200,000
and causes reproductive eects. Ethoprop is applied on many pounds, when only 4,473 pounds were reported.59 Thus, actual
crops during spring, a critical period for bird and mammal use of malathion in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 may have
species, resulting in high acute and chronic reproductive risk approached over one million pounds.
from ingestion of granules or contaminated food. Endangered
species levels of concern are exceeded for single broadcast Mancozeb
applications of granular and non-granular ethoprop for birds, Mancozeb is a fungicide for which most products have been
for all feed items other than seeds and granular products cancelled in the U.S., but it is still being used. Mancozeb has an
for mammals, and for freshwater sh and invertebrates and endocrine disrupting eect and its transformation product is a
estuarine sh and invertebrates for all uses except golf course carcinogen and suspected mutagen. Mancozeb has high to very
silt use. The likelihood of adverse eects on aquatic organisms high immediate toxicity for sh and long-term toxicity inhibits
is increased by the fact that ethoprop can contaminate surface germination of pollen in some plants. Use of mancozeb in the
water through runo for up to several months after application. Bay Area is of particular concern for the California red-legged
13
frog. Reported use of mancozeb in the Bay Area from 1999 to Reported use of naled in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was
2003 was over 228,000 pounds. over 6,100 pounds.
Methamidophos Oxyourfen
Methamidophos is a restricted-use insecticide used on cotton, Oxyuorfen is an herbicide used on tree and vine crops, and
potatoes and tomatoes. Methamidophos is highly toxic to to control broadleaf and grassy weeds. Oxyuorfen exceeds the
pollinators, which are exposed to direct treatment on blooming endangered species levels of concern for terrestrial plants for
crops. Endangered species levels of concern are exceeded for all uses, for birds and mammals at some applications, and for
birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and freshwater and freshwater sh and invertebrates. Use of oxyuorfen in the Bay
estuarine invertebrates. Use of methamidophos in the Bay Area is of particular concern for Pacic salmon. Reported use
Area is of particular concern for the California red-legged frog. of oxyuorfen in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over
Reported use of methamidophos in the Bay Area from 1999 to 148,000 pounds.
2003 was over 6,100 pounds.
Permethrin
Methomyl Permethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with a known endocrine
Methomyl is an insecticide used on eld, vegetable and orchard disrupting eect. It is highly toxic to sh, marine invertebrates
crops, turf, livestock quarters, commercial premises and refuse and honeybees. Permethrin also poses a risk to some endangered
containers. Methomyl, which can contaminate surface waters terrestrial invertebrates. Although it degrades rapidly and does
as a result of spray drift or runo, poses acute risks to birds and not tend to persist in the environment, permethrin has been
mammals that feed on short and tall grasses, broadleaf plants, detected in surface water. Use of permethrin in the Bay Area
and small insects. The major concerns for non-target organisms is of particular concern for the California red-legged frog, San
are chronic risks to mammals and freshwater invertebrates. Francisco garter snake, California clapper rail and salt marsh
Risks to aquatic invertebrates are likely to occur wherever harvest mouse. Reported use of permethrin in the Bay Area
methomyl is used. Reported use of methomyl in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 113,000 pounds.60 However, the
from 1999 to 2003 was over 53,000 pounds. San Francisco Estuary Project estimated that actual Bay Area
use of permethrin in 2003 alone was 30,000 pounds, when
Methyl-Parathion only 23,500 pounds were reported.61 Thus the actual use of
Methyl-parathion is a restricted-use insecticide used on permethrin in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 may have
agricultural crops, particularly cotton. Acute and chronic eects approached 144,000 pounds.
on birds, mammals, bees, and aquatic invertebrates are likely to
occur as a result of application of methyl-parathion. Use of Phosmet
methyl-parathion in the Bay Area is of particular concern for Phosmet is a broad-spectrum insecticide used primarily on
the peregrine falcon. Reported use of methyl-parathion in the commercial tree and vine fruit. High rate and frequency of
Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 was over 26,000 pounds. application can lead to acute and chronic risk to terrestrial
and aquatic species and residues can pose chronic and acute
Metolachlor risks to birds and mammals. Phosmet has very high acute
Metolachlor is a broad spectrum herbicide used for general toxicity to freshwater sh and freshwater and estuarine/
weed control and is the second most widely used herbicide marine invertebrates. Phosmet is also very highly toxic to bees
in the U.S. Acute as well as chronic exposures to non-target and displays extended residual toxicity. The EPA voluntarily
organisms can result from direct applications, spray drift and cancelled certain uses of phosmet in 2001. Use of phosmet in
runo. Levels of concern are exceeded at certain applications the Bay Area is of particular concern for the California red-
for acute and chronic eects to endangered bird and mammal legged frog. Reported use of phosmet in the Bay Area from
species eating short grass, and for freshwater sh in shallow 1999 to 2003 was over 62,000 pounds.
water bodies. Metalochlor has been found to adversely aect
the growth and development of juvenile sh at low level Pyrethrins
concentrations. Reported use of metalochlor in the Bay Area Pyrethrins are natural insecticides produced from the
from 1999 to 2003 was over 37,000 pounds. chrysanthemum plant. Pyrethrins are extremely toxic to aquatic
life such as sh and tadpoles and are toxic to benecial insects
Naled such as honeybees. Reported use of pyrethrins in the Bay Area
Naled is an insecticide primarily used to control mosquitoes and from 1999 to 2003 was about 2,500 pounds.62 However, the
is also used on food and feed crops, in greenhouses and in pet San Francisco Estuary Project estimated that actual Bay Area
ea collars. Naled poses acute and chronic risk to endangered use of pyrethrins in 2003 alone was 10,000 pounds, when only
birds, mammals and aquatic organisms. Use of naled in the Bay 482 pounds were reported.63 Thus actual use of pyrethrins in
Area is of particular concern for the California red-legged frog. the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 may have approached 50,000
pounds.
14
Triclopyr
Triclopyr is an organochlorine herbicide. The immediate
toxicity of triclopyr is medium for birds and low to high for
sh. Triclopyr has been detected in groundwater and its long-
term eects include a suspected carcinogen and mutagen for
mammals. Use of triclopyr in the Bay Area is of particular
concern for the California red-legged frog and Pacic salmon.
Reported use of triclopyr in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003
was over 98,000 pounds.
Triuralin
Triuralin is an herbicide used on a variety of food crops
and residential sites. Most uses were cancelled in the U.S. in
1982, but it is still being used. The EPA is concerned about
the exposure of threatened and endangered plant and animal
species to triuralin, since endangered species levels of concern
are exceeded for birds, mammals, and semi-aquatic and aquatic
plants. Triuralin has been detected in groundwater and in
surface water. Triuralin has an endocrine disrupting eect
and is a suspected carcinogen and mutagen. The immediate
toxicity of triuralin is very high for amphibians and high to
very high for sh and crustaceans. Use of triuralin in the Bay
Area is of particular concern for the California red-legged frog
and Pacic salmon. Reported use of triuralin in the Bay Area
from 1999 to 2003 was over 77,000 pounds.
15
Pesticide Use Threatens the Survival of Bay Area Endangered Species
E
ven though pesticide use is high in the San Francisco Bay emerged 200 million years ago. Green sturgeon are among the
Area, investigations into potential consequences lag far largest and longest living species found in freshwater, living up
behind. Potential exposure risk for some Bay Area species to 70 years, reaching 7.5 feet in length, and weighing up to 350
can be determined from California Department of Pesticide pounds. These ancient sh have snouts like shovels and mouths
Registration data which overlay pesticide use information like vacuum cleaners that are used to siphon shrimp and other
with endangered species habitat information.64 It is clear that food from sandy depths.
pesticides are nding their way into ecosystems throughout the
Bay Area and that many wildlife species are exposed to them in Although the eects of toxic substances from heavy metals
numerous ways. Although the impacts to species on the verge to pesticides on green sturgeon are unknown, NMFS has
of extinction are often dicult to determine, the presence determined that high exposure levels are possible and there is
of pesticides at toxic levels in areas used by species listed as some degree of risk from contaminants for green sturgeon in the
threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act Sacramento River and the San Francisco Bay and Delta.65 Long-
potentially threatens their survival. lived adult sturgeon may accumulate contaminants through
the food chain, which could interfere with reproduction.66
There are currently 51 federally endangered or threatened animal
species that occur in the nine San Francisco Bay Area Counties.
The USFWS, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and/
or the EPA acknowledge that at least 30 of these federally listed
species may be adversely aected by pesticide use. Unfortunately,
for many of these species, the EPA has done nothing to limit or
otherwise mitigate pesticide use in endangered species habitat
in its process of registering pesticides. By failing to consult with
the USFWS and NMFS, which have the statutory authority
and responsibility to cooperate with other agencies in assessing
impacts of agency actions and authority on threatened and
endangered species, the EPA neglects to comply with federal Photo by: Greg Goldsmith, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
law or even develop the information base for making the wise
and cautious decisions about our most endangered wildlife.
Tidewater Goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi)
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma and San Mateo
Counties; extirpated from Contra Costa, Alameda and San
San Francisco Bay and Delta Fish Spi Francisco Counties
State Status: Species of Special Concern
Federal Status: Endangered, 1994
The tidewater goby is a small sh that inhabits coastal brackish

water along the coast of California. The USFWS is concerned
about high diazinon levels that can cause water column toxicity
in lagoons that are tidewater goby habitat, noting that some
creeks in Marin County are considered by the State Water
Resources Control Board (SWRCB) to be Water Quality
Limited due to diazinon in urban runo.67 From 250,000 to
one million pounds of diazinon were used from 1999 to 2003
Photo by: Daniel Gotshcall in the Bay Area.68
North American Green Sturgeon

(Acipenser medirostris)
Bay Area Occurrence: San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta
State Status: None
Federal Status: Proposed Threatened, 2005
The green sturgeon is one of the most ancient sh species in

the world, remaining unchanged in its appearance since it rst
16
plankton upon which the smelt feed may be depleted by these
highly concentrated pulses of pesticides through the Delta. The
Deltas open water sh populations are mysteriously collapsing,
with open water forage species including Delta smelt in severe
decline. In fall of 2004, Delta smelt were at their lowest ever
recorded levels.
Photo by: P.B. Moyle, The Native Fish Conservancy
Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacicus)

Bay Area Occurrence: Solano and Contra Costa Counties
State Status: Threatened, 1993
Federal Status: Threatened, 1993
The Delta smelt is a nearly translucent steely-blue sh found

only in the brackish waters from Suisun Bay upstream through Photo by: E.R. Keely, The Native Fish Conservancy
the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in Contra Costa,
Sacramento, San Joaquin, Solano and Yolo Counties. Delta Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
smelt spawn in backwater sloughs and along channels with Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma and San Mateo
tidal inuence. Counties
State Status: Endangered, 1995 (south of San Francisco Bay)
Delta smelt habitat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Federal Status: Central California Coast population75 -
estuary receives ushes of high concentrations of agricultural Threatened, 1996
pesticides such as carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon.69
The SWRCB lists all the important water bodies in the smelts
range as impaired by one or more contaminants, commonly
including pesticides such as diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion,
chlordane, DDT and dieldrin.70 Up to one million pounds
each of chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion were applied in
the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003.71
Recent research indicates that toxicity of certain contaminants in

smelt habitat occurs in episodes, often in runo from rainstorms
following periods of use of the chemicals. Acutely toxic pulses
of pesticides move down the rivers and through the estuary
with remarkable persistence and relatively little dilution.72
Researchers report episodic toxicity in winter associated with
organophosphate pesticide treatment of dormant orchards;
Photo by: Tom Holt
carbofuran and chlorpyrifos in the San Joaquin River and
Delta in spring, possibly associated with treatment of alfalfa;
rice pesticides in late spring and early summer with release of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)76
rice eld water; and a variety of herbicides from irrigation tail Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma and Napa Counties
water during the summer.73 Peaks of numerous other chemicals, State Status: California Coastal None; Central Valley
including the herbicides triuralin and atrazine, have also been Spring-Run Threatened, 1999; Fall/Late Fall-Run
found.74 Species of Special Concern; Sacramento River Winter-Run
Endangered, 1989
It is unknown what direct eect these toxins have on Delta Federal Status: California Coastal Threatened, 1999; Central
smelt, but there is growing evidence that other sh species in Valley Spring-Run Threatened, 1999; Fall/Late Fall-
the Delta are suering direct mortality or additional stress from Run Candidate Species; Sacramento River Winter- Run
the presence of toxic substances. There is also evidence that the Endangered, 1994
17
reduce production of testosterone by male salmon, which may
weaken the chances that salmon will successfully mate.86
Large amounts of pesticides harmful to salmon and steelhead

trout are used annually in agricultural areas in the Central
Valley, concentrating in runo that reaches the Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. Use of these chemicals
is also prevalent in the Bay Area: from 1999 to 2003 more
than one million pounds of diazinon and malathion, 424,000
pounds of diuron, 262,000 pounds of 2,4-D, 250,000 pounds
of carbaryl, 98,000 pounds of triclopyr, 77,000 pounds
of triuralin and 21,000 pounds of azinphos-methyl were
applied.87
Photo courtesy of National Park Service
Fishing and environmental groups recently obtained a court
order preventing the use of more than 30 harmful pesticides
Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in no-spray buers near salmon streams in California, Oregon,
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Contra
and Washington. State agencies and pesticide retailers in urban
Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties
areas near salmon-supporting waters must also make a point-
State Status: None
of-sale notication available of the hazard these pesticides pose
Federal Status: Central California Coast Population77
to salmonids: 2,4-D, carbaryl, diazinon, diuron, malathion,
Threatened, 1997
triclopyr, and triuralin.
Pacic salmon, including endangered and threatened runs of
coho salmon, chinook salmon, and steelhead trout, depend
on clean water during the freshwater stages of their complex Tidal Marshland and Estuarine Spi
life cycles. Many runs of Pacic salmon, including those in
the Bay Area and San Francisco Bay Delta, are threatened by
pesticide pollution of rivers and streams within their range.78
Pesticides have profound eects on salmon and steelhead trout
and may be a signicant factor in their decline. Numerous
pesticides have been found in many west coast river systems in
concentrations that threaten salmonid growth, development,
behavior and reproduction.79 Pesticides can impair swimming
ability and avoidance of predators, cause abnormal sexual
development, interfere with feeding, and disrupt the salmons
navigating abilities to return to its natal stream to spawn.
Pesticides can further indirectly aect sh by changing the
aquatic environment, reducing the food supply, or eliminating
vegetative cover used by young salmon. The pesticides and
herbicides that contaminate numerous water bodies often
destroy aquatic life necessary for salmonid survival.80
Photo by: Mike Baird
The EPA acknowledged in pesticide registration documents
that approved uses of at least 36 pesticides used in the Pacic
Northwest are expected to have a negative impact on salmon. Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus
These include the organophosphate insecticides azinphos nivosus)
methyl, carbaryl, diazinon, and malathion, and the herbicides Bay Area Occurrence: breeds in Marin, Sonoma, Napa,
2,4-D, diuron, and triuralin.81 For example, azinphos methyl Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and San Francisco Counties
has caused massive sh kills throughout the U.S.,82 exposure State Status: Species of Special Concern
to 2,4-D impairs trout swimming ability,83 and triuralin has Federal Status: Threatened, 1993
been shown to cause bone abnormalities in salmon.84 All of
these pesticides are found in harmful concentrations in Pacic The western snowy plover is a small shorebird that forages
Northwest waters within the range of listed salmon species.85 on invertebrates along beaches, salt marshes, salt ponds and
Diazinon has been found in northwest streams at levels that lagoons. The Pacic coast population nests primarily on coastal
18
beaches from southern Washington to southern Baja California. to rails in agricultural habitat, where applied to salt marshes, or
Nests are usually built in barren or sparsely vegetated areas. leached into wetlands from nearby agricultural elds. Pesticides
Human activity and disturbance are the key factors adversely can potentially reduce the prey base for black rails, although
aecting snowy plover coastal breeding sites and breeding the eects of most pesticides and contaminants on rails are
populations in California. Because snowy plovers are primarily poorly known.93
insectivorous, feeding both on aquatic and terrestrial insects,
the bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants on their
nesting and wintering grounds may harm their health and
reproduction.88
Birds are particularly susceptible to organochlorine pesticides,

which can reduce egg production, cause aberrant incubation
behavior, delay ovulation, poison embryos and cause mortality
of chicks and adults.89 Pesticide drift may also diminish
habitat value for plovers where urban areas interface with
natural habitats by reducing prey availability.90 Spraying of the
mosquitocide fenthion in Florida has killed a variety of bird
species, including snowy plover and piping plover (Charadrius
melodus).91 The registration of fenthion was voluntarily
cancelled by the manufacturer in 2003 and no use of fenthion
was reported in 2003 for the seven Bay Area counties where the
plover breeds.92
Photo by: Mike Baird
California Brown Pelican

(Pelecanus occidentalis californicus)
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma, Alameda, San Mateo
and San Francisco Counties
State Status: Endangered, 1971; Fully Protected
The California brown pelican is a large, grayish-brown bird

with a long, pouched bill. Pelicans nest from the Channel
Islands of southern California southward to coastal southern
Mexico. Threats to the species include disease outbreaks, nest
abandonment and disturbance at roosting sites by humans and
non-native mammals, entanglement in shing nets and hooks,
and reduction in available forage sh due to El Nio events.
Graphic courtesy of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
As a bird at the top of the food chain, brown pelicans in
California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis California experienced complete reproductive failure in the
coturniculus) 1960s due to use of the pesticide DDT. After the ban on DDT
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Contra Costa in 1972, there has also been a corresponding increase in the
and Alameda Counties eggshell thickness and reproductive success of brown pelicans.
State Status: Threatened, 1971; Fully Protected Although California breeding populations of the pelican have
Federal Status: Candidate Species rebounded, persistent DDT residues in the coastal environment
continue to cause chronic reproductive problems and some
The California black rail is a tiny, elusive bird of wetland pelicans still show relatively high levels of pesticides in their
habitats in the San Francisco Bay Area and the lower reaches of tissues. Bioaccumulation of other water-borne contaminants is
the Colorado River in California and Arizona. Once abundant a possible threat to brown pelicans. The use of the pesticide
in coastal California, California black rails are now restricted chlorpyrifos is of concern, since a brown pelican was killed in
mostly to the tidal wetlands of the northern San Francisco South Carolina in 1998 due to poisoning by chlorpyrifos.94
Bay estuary, particularly where nesting habitat remains in San Up to one million pounds of chlorpyrifos were applied from
Pablo Bay. Rails eat insects, small mollusks, amphipods and 1999 to 2003 in the Bay Area; however no use was reported in
other invertebrates and some seeds. Pesticides may be a hazard proximity to California brown pelican habitat.95
19
The California least tern nests in colonies on bare or sparsely
vegetated ground on isolated sand beaches, typically near
estuaries, bays, or harbors where small sh are abundant.
Residential and commercial development has fragmented
tern habitat. Human activities and disturbance and human-
enhanced populations of scavengers and predators (such as
crows, domestic cats and non-native red foxes) threaten most
remaining nesting colonies.
Contaminants such as organochlorine pesticides may be a

factor contributing to recent declines of California least tern
populations.98 A study of related Caspian terns (Sterna caspia)
in Elkhorn Slough in Monterey County showed that tern
hatchlings from eggs contaminated by organochlorines often
do not survive to adulthood.99 Two related Forsters terns
Photo courtesy of California Department of Pesticide Regulation
(Sterna forsteri) were killed in San Joaquin County in 1988
due to poisoning by the pesticide fenthion.100 The registration
California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) of fenthion was voluntarily cancelled by the manufacturer in
2003 and there was no reported use of fenthion in the nine Bay
Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties;
Area counties in 2003.101
extirpated from San Francisco County
The California clapper rail is a coot-sized bird that inhabits

cordgrass marshes only around San Francisco Bay. The clapper
rail eats invertebrates such as mollusks and crustaceans. The
number of clapper rails has plummeted because of loss and
degradation of tidal marsh habitat, including introduction of
non-native cordgrass, and predation by non-native red foxes.
The population estimate as of 1992 was only 800 to 1,000
clapper rails. The USFWS considers the clapper rail vulnerable
to contaminants from urban runo that can aect its food
sources.96 Over 130 pesticides are used in proximity to California
clapper rail habitat in the Bay Area, including carbaryl,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and permethrin.97 Photo by: Paul Kelly, Environmental Protection Agency
Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse

(Reithrodontomys raviventris)
Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties
State Status: Endangered, 1971
The salt marsh harvest mouse is a small, mostly nocturnal rodent

that lives in tidal and diked salt marshes only around the San
Francisco Bay and its tributaries. Harvest mice have declined
Photo courtesy of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service primarily because thousands of acres of wetlands habitat in
the San Francisco Bay have been lled, degraded or converted
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum browni) for agricultural use. Flood control and mosquito abatement
Bay Area Occurrence: breeds in Contra Costa and Alameda activities as well as introduced predators and competitors are
Counties; occurs in Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties also threats.
Federal Status: Endangered, 1970 Pesticides that enter marsh habitats are also a threat to
remaining harvest mouse populations.102 Over 110 pesticides
20
are used in proximity to salt marsh harvest mouse habitat in the can readily absorb the chemical chlorpyrifos through their
Bay Area, including carbaryl, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, 2,4- permeable skins, especially when migrating through recently
D, diazinon, and permethrin.103 The USFWS has concluded treated elds. Use of azinphos-methyl in the vicinity of
that use of eight rodenticides (brodifacoum, bromadiolone, tiger salamander habitat could directly aect salamander
bromethalin, chlorophacinone, cholecalciferol, diphacinone, survival or indirectly aect their food supply. The USFWS
warfarin, and zinc phosphide) in harvest mouse habitat could cited studies reporting severe toxicity to amphibians from
jeopardize the continued existence of the species,104 but reported exposure to endosulfan, including extensive paralysis, delayed
use of these rodenticides in the Bay Area counties where the metamorphosis and high death rates, noting that endosulfan
harvest mouse occurs was minimal in 2003.105 is extremely toxic at low concentrations to amphibians. Use
of over 1.3 million pounds of metam sodium, 1.1 million
pounds of methyl bromide, 250,000 pounds of chlorpyrifos,
Freshwater and Wland Spi 33,000 pounds each of acephate and maneb, 25,000 pounds
of malathion, 20,000 pounds of azinphos-methyl and 9,800
pounds of endosulfan was reported from 1999 to 2003 for the
ve Bay Area counties where the tiger salamander occurs.107
Photo by: Gerald and Bu Corsi
Photo by: Brad Alexander, California Herps

California Tiger Salamander
(Ambystoma californiense)
Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma, Solano, Contra Costa, Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander
Alameda and Santa Clara Counties; eliminated from San (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum)
Mateo and Napa Counties Bay Area Occurrence: San Mateo County
State Status: Species of Special Concern State Status: Endangered 1971; Fully Protected
Federal Status: Threatened, 2004; Endangered in Sonoma Federal Status: Endangered 1967
County
The Santa Cruz long-toed salamander inhabits coastal
The California tiger salamander is a colorful amphibian that woodlands and upland chaparral near breeding habitat in
breeds in seasonal ponds or vernal pools and is particularly ponds and freshwater marshes. Long-toed salamanders spend
susceptible to environmental contaminants. The USFWS much of their lives in underground rodent burrows. Pollution
considers exposure to toxic agricultural chemical contaminants from agricultural activities and development is a threat to water
and landscaping chemicals to be a potentially serious threat quality in long-toed salamander breeding ponds.108
to the species, cautioning that even if toxic or detectable
amounts of pesticides are not found in the breeding ponds
or groundwater, salamanders may still be directly aected,
particularly when chemicals are applied during the migration
and dispersal seasons.106
The USFWS highlighted use of pesticides thought to be

particularly harmful to tiger salamanders: acephate, azinphos-
methyl, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, fenamiphos, malathion,
maneb, metam sodium and methyl bromide. Salamanders
21
phosmet, pyrethrins, strychnine, triclopyr and triuralin.110
Ranid tadpoles are likely to be killed or paralyzed by
some herbicides such as triclopyr and insecticides such as
fenitrothion.111 Use of many of these pesticides from 1999 to
2003 was quite high in the Bay Area: more than 1.7 million
pounds of glyphosate; one million pounds each of chlorpyrifos
and diazinon; 250,000 pounds of carbaryl; 228,000 pounds
of mancozeb; 144,000 pounds of permethrin; 98,000 pounds
of triclopyr; 84,000 pounds of paraquat; 77,000 pounds of
triuralin; and 21,000 pounds of azinphos-methyl.112
Photo by: William Flaxington 2004
California Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii)

Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and San Francisco
Counties
State Status: Species of Special Concern
The states largest native frog, the California red-legged frog has
disappeared from more than 70 percent of its historic range in
California. Habitat loss to urban development and the eects of
introduced predators are the primary threats to red-legged frogs.
Agricultural practices introduce pesticides into red-legged frog
habitat in wetlands, ponds and streams. Since frogs are highly
Photo by: George E. Hansen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
aquatic with little movement away from streamside habitat,
herbicides, insecticides and fungicides pose hazards to aquatic
life stages. Frogs are also susceptible to burrow fumigants when Giant Garter Snake (Thamnophis gigas)
they are in burrows and other terrestrial retreats. Bay Area Occurrence: Solano and Contra Costa Counties
The USFWS has concluded that exposure to wind-borne Federal Status: Threatened, 1993
agrochemicals may be an important factor in the decline of
the species, noting a strong relationship between increasing The giant garter snake is one of the largest garter snakes. It
levels of upwind agriculture and the percentage of extirpated is endemic to wetlands in the Sacramento and San Joaquin
California red-legged frog sites.109 In the Sierra Nevada-Central Valleys and the San Francisco Bay Delta. Giant garter snakes
Valley region, the percentage of upwind land in agriculture for are usually found in marshes, sloughs, ponds, small lakes, low
sites where the frogs have disappeared was six and a half times gradient streams, irrigation and drainage canals, and rice elds.
greater than for sites where the frogs are still found. The USFWS Conversion of wetlands for agricultural, urban and industrial
noted that pesticide contamination may result in deformities, development has eliminated over 90 percent of the suitable
abnormal immune system functions, diseases, injury and death habitat for this species.
of red-legged frogs.
The USFWS suspects that heavy use of pesticides was a
The USFWS listed 150 pesticides or herbicides of concern contributing factor in the decline of this once abundant
that are used within the same one square mile section known species.113 Preliminary studies have documented potential
to be California red-legged frog sites or habitat. Twenty-ve bioaccumulation eects on giant garter snakes or their prey
chemicals are of particular concern due to high risk to red- species caused by contaminants derived from agricultural
legged frogs, including: acephate, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, products.114 Discharge of contaminants and pesticides into
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton, endosulfan, wetlands may degrade habitat and adversely aect remaining
esfenvalerate, fenamiphos, glyphosate, malathion, mancozeb, giant garter snake populations by aecting water quality
methamidophos, methoprene, naled, paraquat, permethrin, and reducing prey populations.115 The pesticide of concern,
22
carbofuran which is widely used on rice in California
may harm the giant garter snake. The CDPR has published
stewardship guidelines for rice growers in an attempt to reduce
risk to giant garter snakes.116 Over 8,300 pounds of carbofuran
were reported applied from 1999 to 2003 in Solano and Contra
Costa Counties.117
Photo by: Larry Serpa
California Freshwater Shrimp (Syncaris pacica)

Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma and Napa Counties
California freshwater shrimp are found only in low elevation

perennial streams or intermittent streams with perennial pools in
the northern San Francisco Bay Area. Freshwater shrimp require
low gradient streams with diverse habitat structure including
Photo courtesy of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
undercut banks, exposed roots, woody debris and overhanging
vegetation. Among other factors, shrimp populations and
San Francisco Garter Snake habitat are threatened by inadvertent introduction of herbicides
(Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) and pesticides into creek water through aerial drift, spills and
Bay Area Occurrence: San Mateo County runo.121 Freshwater shrimp may also be sensitive to pesticides
State Status: Endangered, 1971; Fully Protected commonly used in vineyards. Over 85 pesticides are used in
Federal Status: Endangered, 1967 proximity to California freshwater shrimp habitat in the Bay
Area, including chlorpyrifos, diazinon and diuron.122
The most beautiful serpent in North America, the San Francisco
garter snake has a broad greenish-yellow stripe on its back,
bordered by black and red stripes on each side and a distinctive
greenish-blue or turquoise-blue belly. Adults can grow to a
length of two to three feet. All known populations of this snake
occur in San Mateo County near freshwater marshes, ponds,
and slow-moving streams along the coast.
The San Francisco garter snake may be threatened by pesticide

use on private lands where it still occurs. The USFWS has
noted that pesticides are a threat to other aquatic garter
snakes in California.118 Pesticides used in proximity to San
Francisco garter snake habitat in the Bay Area include carbaryl,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dinocap and
permethrin.119 Use of over 52,000 pounds of these pesticides
was reported _for San Mateo County from 1999 to 2003.120
Photo by: Dr. David H. Kavanaugh California Academy of Sciences
Delta Green Ground Beetle (Elaphrus viridis)

Bay Area Occurrence: Solano County
State Status: None
23
The Delta green ground beetle is a small metallic green and hawks primarily hunt small rodents, but will also take birds
golden predaceous beetle associated with vernal pool habitats and insects. Most Swainsons hawk territories are in riparian
and seasonally wet pools. The species most likely historically zones adjacent to suitable grassland foraging habitats and
occurred throughout much of the Central Valley, though it nests are commonly in large mature trees. The loss of suitable
currently only remains in two vernal pools in Solano County. agricultural land and grassland habitat to residential and
Elimination of vernal pool habitat due to development, tilling commercial developments is the major threat to the species. A
for crops, or tapping pools for irrigation have caused the decline recent threat has been massive pesticide poisoning of Swainsons
of this species. Poorly managed grazing and crowding out of hawks and their prey animals on their wintering grounds in
native vegetation by introduced plants are ongoing threats. South America. About 20,000 Swainsons hawks were poisoned
in Argentina during the winter of 1995-1996 by the pesticide
The USFWS believes that use of herbicides and pesticides in monocrotophos, which has long been banned in the U.S. and
transportation right of ways or grazing areas may adversely was nally banned in Argentina in March of 2000.
impact Delta green ground beetles or their habitat.123
The California Department of Fish and Game cautions that
the potential toxic eects of rodenticides used in agricultural
Terrtrial Spi lands on Swainsons hawks must be monitored.124 Swainsons
hawks can be adversely impacted by poisoning of prey animals,
organophosphate and carbamate insecticide contamination in
agricultural elds during times of the year when insects are the
main prey, and potential bioconcentration of contaminants
up the food chain. For example, poisonings of dozens of
Swainsons hawks were documented in Texas in the 1990s
due to disulfoton and terbufos, pesticides that were used on
corn and cotton.125 The Texas hawks had fed on insects that
had in turn been feeding on the plants with pesticide residues.
However, there was no reported use of terbufos and negligible
use of disulfoton in 2003 in the three Bay Area counties where
the Swainsons hawk occurs.126
Photo by: Sidney Maddock
American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum)

Photo by: George Jameson, U.S. Geological Service Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Contra
Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and San Francisco
Counties
Swainsons Hawk (Buteo swainsoni)
Bay Area Occurrence: Solano, Contra Costa and Alameda
Federal Status: Endangered, 1970; De-Listed, 1999
Counties
The peregrine falcon is one of the swiftest birds of prey,
Federal Status: None
swooping down and catching smaller birds in ight. Peregrines
nest and winter in a variety of habitats, including wetlands,
The Swainsons hawk is a medium sized hawk found in the
woodlands, forests, cities, agricultural lands and coastal areas.
Central Valley and eastern Bay Area Counties. Swainsons
24
Nesting sites require protective clis or ledges, and in urban
areas some pairs nest on buildings and bridges.
The American peregrine falcon is an endangered species success

story. Organochlorine pesticides such as DDT were the primary
cause of the rapid and signicant decline in the number of
American peregrine falcons in most of North America between
the 1940s and 1970s.127 DDTs principal breakdown product,
DDE, accumulates in the tissues of species at the top of the
food chain, such as peregrine falcons, and causes thin-shelled
eggs and other complications. DDE interferes with calcium
deposition during shell formation, resulting in the production
of thin-shelled eggs that are easily crushed during incubation.
Due to an EPA ban on the use of DDT in the United States in
1972, the environmental residue levels of DDE have steadily
Photo by: Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles California Academy of Sciences
decreased in most areas. Peregrine numbers have increased
since the banning of DDT, and in 1999 the USFWS de-listed
the species.128 San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica)
Bay Area Occurrence: Contra Costa, Alameda and Santa Clara
However, peregrines and other birds at the top of the food Counties
chain are still at risk from pesticides. The legal pesticide dicofol, State Status: Threatened, 1971
which is widely used in California agriculture, contains small Federal Status: Endangered, 1967
amounts of DDT as a manufacturing byproduct.129 A 1996
study of related prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) in Pinnacles The San Joaquin kit fox is the smallest member of the dog
National Monument, Mount Diablo, and Goat Rock in central family in North America, with an average weight of about ve
California revealed hatching failures similar to those observed pounds. San Joaquin kit foxes inhabit grasslands in the San
20 years earlier for DDT-contaminated eggs, attributed to Joaquin Valley and eastern Bay Area Counties. In the eastern
ingestion of contaminated prey (birds, reptiles and small Bay Area, kit foxes mostly prey on California ground squirrels.
mammals) from nearby agricultural areas in the Salinas Valley.130 Kit foxes either dig their own dens or use dens constructed by
Concentrations of DDE in falcon eggs at Pinnacles were two to other animals. The primary threat to kit foxes is the loss and
six times higher than the levels known to cause hatching failures. degradation of suitable habitat due to agricultural, industrial
The study showed that no falcon chicks successfully hatched and urban developments.
from the three nests with the highest concentrations of DDE
or the pesticide of concern, lindane, over a three-year sampling Hundreds of San Joaquin kit foxes were destroyed in the past by
period. Over 15,000 pounds of dicofol and minimal amounts strychnine-poisoned bait used for coyote control. The federal
of lindane were applied in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003.131 government began controlling use of rodenticides in 1972 and
Peregrine falcons have been killed recently in other parts of the prohibited above-ground application of strychnine within the
U.S. by acute poisoning from other pesticides of concern, such range of the kit fox in 1988. However, use of 28 pounds of
as carbofuran, methyl parathion and strychnine.132 Use of over strychnine was reported in 2003 for pest control in the East
9,700 pounds of carbofuran and 26,900 pounds of methyl Bay counties where the kit fox occurs.134 Intensive agricultural
parathion was reported in the Bay Area from 1999 to 2003 and use in the Central Valley still exposes kit foxes to a wide array
over 70 pounds of strychnine were applied in 2003 alone.133 of pesticides and rodenticides.
The USFWS has determined that use of some burrow fumigants

(aluminum and magnesium phosphide), anticoagulant
rodenticides (chlorophacinone, diphacinone and pival), and
gas cartridges (potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate) in kit
fox habitat could jeopardize the species.135 More than 22,000
pounds of aluminum phosphide was reported used from 1999
to 2003 in the East Bay counties where the kit fox occurs.136
At least 27 San Joaquin kit foxes were killed from poisoning
recently in the Central Valley and two were poisoned in 1992
in the East Bay, primarily by the rodenticides brodifacoum,
chlorophacinone and bromadiolone.137 Brodifacoum is a
deadly rodenticide widely available to the public as an active
25
ingredient in rat and mouse baits such as Talon, Havoc and
D-Con.
Pesticides and rodenticides may indirectly aect the survival of

kit foxes by reducing abundance of their staple prey species.138
For example, California ground squirrels, the staple prey of kit
foxes in the northern portion of their range, were eliminated
from Contra Costa County in 1975 by extensive rodent
eradication programs. This severely reduced kit fox abundance
through secondary poisoning and elimination of prey.139
Photo courtesy of www.WeForAnimals.com
Langes Metalmark Buttery

(Apodemia mormo langei)
Bay Area Occurrence: Contra Costa County
State Status: None
Photo by: Gary A. Beeman Federal Status: Endangered, 1976
Alameda Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus) The Langes metalmark buttery is found only at the Antioch
Bay Area Occurrence: Contra Costa, Alameda and Santa Clara Dunes National Wildlife Refuge in Contra Costa County,
Counties which was established primarily for the butterys protection.
State Status: Threatened, 1971 Metalmark buttery larvae depend upon their food plant,
Federal Status: Threatened, 1997 naked-stemmed buckwheat (Eriogonum nudum). When adult
butteries emerge in late summer they have one week to feed,
The Alameda whipsnake is a slender snake with black dorsal mate and locate the host buckwheat on which to deposit
coloring and distinctive yellow-orange racing stripes down each their eggs. The species declined in the early 1900s when the
side. Adult whipsnakes grow from three to four feet in length. dunes were heavily mined for sand and their habitat has been
Whipsnakes are extremely fast moving and hold their heads further impacted by construction, agriculture, trampling by
high o the ground in a cobra-like manner while hunting for humans, re and changes in dune structure that have reduced
potential prey, which includes lizards, small mammals, snakes reproduction of the host buckwheat plants. The USFWS is
and nesting birds. Alameda whipsnakes occupy disappearing concerned about pesticide use in the area that has the potential
northern coastal scrub and chaparral habitats broken by to drift onto the Refuge and also aect potential pollinators on
grassland and rocky hillsides, primarily in Contra Costa and adjacent lands.141
Alameda Counties. Whipsnake habitat has been severely
reduced and fragmented by urban sprawl, road construction,
livestock grazing and re suppression.
The USFWS is concerned about exposure to rodenticides,

herbicides and pesticides adversely aecting the Alameda
whipsnake directly or indirectly through prey reduction or
habitat alteration.140
26
The bay checkerspot buttery depends upon several dierent
host plants during its life cycle: eggs are laid on a native plantain,
which the larvae feed upon; if this food is not sucient for
development the larvae may move onto owls clover. The larvae
then generally enter dormancy until the following winter, then
emerge to feed again, pupating in late winter; nally the adults
emerge shortly thereafter.
Populations of bay checkerspots historically occurred in

numerous areas around the San Francisco Bay including the
San Francisco peninsula, the mountains near San Jose, the
Oakland hills, and several spots in Alameda County. Most of
these have been eliminated due to explosive urban development;
populations now remain only in San Mateo and Santa Clara
Photo by: Charles Webber California Academy of Sciences counties.
Pesticides have contributed to reduced numbers of bay

Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle checkerspots, and application or drift of pesticides may also
(Desmocerus californicus dimorphus)
aect their critical habitat.143 Precautions may be needed
Bay Area Occurrence: Napa County
for pesticide use on California oakworm or other pests near
State Status: None
bay checkerspot localities.144 Over 60 pesticides are used in
proximity to Bay checkerspot buttery habitat in the Bay Area,
including chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and diazinon.145
The valley elderberry longhorn beetle is a colorful cylindrical
beetle less than an inch long, associated with riparian elderberry
trees during its entire life cycle. Riparian fragmentation and
destruction due to urbanization, agricultural conversion, and
waterway maintenance are the primary threats to this insect.
Insecticide and herbicide use in agricultural areas and along
roadsides may be factors limiting the beetles distribution. The
USFWS cautions that pesticides or herbicides should not be
sprayed within 100 feet of elderberry beetle habitat.142
Photo by: Andrew Sanchez California Acedemy of Sciences
Mission Blue Buttery

(Icaricia icariodes missionensis)
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, San Mateo and San Francisco
Counties
State Status: None
Photo by: Richard A. Arnold Formerly relatively widespread throughout the San Francisco
and Marin peninsulas, the mission blue now remains at only
Bay Checkerspot Buttery a few sites in the coastal counties, primarily on San Bruno
(Euphydryas editha bayensis) Mountain in San Mateo County. Mission blue larvae are
Bay Area Occurrence: Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties; dependent on perennial lupines as their host plant. Pesticides
extirpated from Contra Costa, Alameda and San Francisco of concern chlorothalonil and diazinon are used in proximity
Counties to mission blue buttery habitat.146
State Status: None
27
Photo courtesy of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Photo courtesy of San Bruno Mountain Watch
Behrens Silverspot Buttery
San Bruno Eln Buttery (Speyeria zerene behrensii)
(Incisalia mosii bayensis) Bay Area Occurrence: extirpated from Sonoma County
Bay Area Occurrence: San Mateo County State Status: None
State Status: None Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
San Bruno eln butteries inhabit rocky outcrops and clis

only in the coastal scrub on the San Francisco peninsula. The
butteries are dependent upon stonecrop (Sedum spathulifolium)
as a host plant. San Bruno eln buttery larvae have a mutualistic
association with ants. The larvae excrete a sweet honeydew
liquid to attract ants, which provide protection from predators
and parasites. The largest San Bruno eln buttery occurs on
San Bruno Mountain, where management includes reducing
pesticide use. The USFWS recovery plan for the species urged
cutting back use of herbicides.147 Over 60 pesticides are used
in proximity to San Bruno eln buttery habitat on the San
Francisco peninsula, including chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos
and diazinon.148
Photo courtesy of National Park Service
Myrtles Silverspot Buttery (Speyeria zerene myrtleae)

Bay Area Occurrence: Marin and Sonoma Counties
State Status: None
These three silverspot butteries, so named because of silver

spots or scales on the undersides of their wings, are found only
in the San Francisco Bay Area or coastal northern California.
Photo courtesy of San Bruno Mountain Watch All are dependent upon native violets (Viola spp.) as their host
and food plant. The callippe silverspot is primarily orange, tan
Callippe Silverspot Buttery and brown above. Historically, callippe silverspots inhabited
(Speyeria callippe callippe) grasslands throughout much of the northern San Francisco
Bay Area Occurrence: Alameda and San Mateo Counties; Bay region. Populations of this buttery now remain only at
extirpated from Contra Costa and San Francisco Counties two sites on grasslands in the Bay Area. Behrens silverspot has
State Status: None golden brown and orange wings, dappled with brown spots
Federal Status: Endangered, 1997 and bands. Behrens silverspot historically ranged from the
28
Russian River in Sonoma County north to Point Arena in Tiburon Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja anis ssp. neglecta)158
southern Mendocino County, but now remains in only a single Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, Napa and Santa Clara Counties
population at Point Arena. Myrtles silverspot was formerly State Status: Threatened, 1990
widespread on the San Francisco and Marin peninsulas, but Federal Status: Endangered, 1995
now only four populations remain in northern coastal Marin
County, in dunes, scrub, and grasslands habitats. Robust Spineower (Chorizanthe robusta)159
Bay Area Occurrence: Extirpated from Alameda, Santa Clara
Larvae of the Speyeria genus, the silverspots, are extremely and San Mateo Counties
sensitive to pesticides and can even be killed by accumulation State Status: None
of runo in the soil after pesticide spraying.149 All of these Federal Status: Endangered, 1994
butteries are susceptible to mortality from pesticide use in
proximity to occupied habitat, and use of herbicides in the Sonoma Spineower (Chorizanthe valida)160
vicinity of buttery food plants needs to be carefully controlled Bay Area Occurrence: Marin County; extirpated from Sonoma
to prevent drift.150 Over 50 pesticides are used in proximity to County
callippe silverspot buttery habitat in the San Francisco Bay State Status: Endangered, 1990
Area, including chlorpyrifos and diazinon.151 Federal Status: Endangered, 1992
Fountain Thistle (Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale)161

Plants Bay Area Occurrence: San Mateo County
The following federally or state listed Bay Area plant species Federal Status: Endangered, 1995
are either known or suspected to be adversely aected by use of
herbicides or pesticides: Suisun Thistle (Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum)162
Bay Area Occurrence: Solano County
Sonoma Alopecurus (Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis)152 State Status: None
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin and Sonoma Counties Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
State Status: None
Federal Status: Endangered, 1997 Presidio Clarkia (Clarkia franciscana)163
Bay Area Occurrence: Alameda and San Francisco Counties
Pallid Manzanita (Arctostaphylos pallida)153 State Status: Endangered, 1978
Bay Area Occurrence: Contra Costa and Alameda Counties Federal Status: Endangered, 1995
Federal Status: Threatened, 1998 Vine Hill Clarkia (Clarkia imbricata)164
Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County
Marsh Sandwort (Arenaria paludicola)154 State Status: Endangered, 1978
Bay Area Occurrence: Extirpated from San Francisco County Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
State Status: None
Federal Status: Endangered, 1993 Soft Birds-Beak (Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis)165
Bay Area Occurrence: Napa, Solano and Contra Costa
Coastal Dunes Milk-Vetch (Astragalus tener var. titi)155 Counties
Bay Area Occurrence: Monterey County State Status: Rare, 1979
State Status: Endangered, 1982 Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
Pennells Birds-Beak (Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaries)166
Sonoma Sunshine (Blennosperma bakeri)156 Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County
Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County State Status: Rare, 1978
State Status: Endangered, 1992 Federal Status: Endangered, 1995
Bakers Larkspur (Delphinium bakeri) and Yellow Larkspur
White Sedge (Carex albida) 157 (Delphinium luteum)167
Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County Bay Area Occurrence: Marin and Sonoma Counties
State Status: Endangered, 1979 State Status: Rare, 1979
Federal Status: Endangered, 1997 Federal Status: Endangered, 2000
29
Photo by: (c) 1997 Doreen L. Smith
Showy Indian Clover

Photo by: (c) 2000 Doreen L. Smith
Bakers Larkspur
Photo by: Emily Roberson
Photo by: Robert Potts (c) California Academy of Sciences Burkes Goldelds
Pitkin Marsh Lily
30
Santa Clara Valley Dudleya (Dudleya setchellii)168 Many-Flowered Navarretia (Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Bay Area Occurrence: Santa Clara County plieantha)177
State Status: None Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County
Federal Status: Endangered, 1995 State Status: Endangered, 1979
San Mateo Wooly Sunower (Eriophyllum latilobum)169
Bay Area Occurrence: San Mateo County Colusa Grass (Neostapa colusana)178
State Status: Endangered, 1992 Bay Area Occurrence: Solano County
Federal Status: Endangered, 1995 State Status: Endangered, 1979
Marin Dwarf Flax (Hesperolinon congestum)170
Bay Area Occurrence: Marin, San Mateo and San Francisco Calistoga Popcornower (Plagiobothrys strictus)179
Counties Bay Area Occurrence: Napa County
State Status: Threatened, 1992 State Status: Threatened, 1990
Federal Status: Threatened, 1995 Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
Santa Cruz Tarplant (Holocarpha macradenia)171 North Coast Semaphore Grass (Pleuropogon hooverianus)180
Bay Area Occurrence: all natural populations extirpated from Bay Area Occurrence: Marin and Sonoma Counties
Marin, Sonoma, Contra Costa and Alameda Counties; State Status: Threatened, 2002
successfully reintroduced in Contra Costa County Federal Status: None
Federal Status: Threatened, 2000 Napa Bluegrass (Poa napensis)181
Burkes Goldelds (Lasthenia burkei) and Sebastopol State Status: Endangered, 1979
Meadowfoam (Limnanthes vinculans)172 Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
State Status: Endangered, 1979 Hickmans Cinquefoil (Potentilla hickmanii)182
Federal Status: Endangered, 1991 Bay Area Occurrence: San Mateo County
Contra Costa Goldelds (Lasthenia conjugens)173 Federal Status: Endangered, 1998
Bay Area Occurrence: Napa, Solano, Contra Costa and
Alameda Counties; extirpated from Santa Clara County Kenwood Marsh Checkerbloom (Sidalcea oregana ssp.
State Status: None valida)183
Federal Status: Endangered,1997 Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County
Pitkin Marsh Lily (Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense)174 Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
State Status: Endangered, 1978 Metcalf Canyon Jewelower (Streptanthus albidus ssp.
Federal Status: Endangered, 1997 albidus)184
Bay Area Occurrence: Santa Clara County
Sebastopol Meadowfoam (Limnanthes vinculans)175 State Status: None
Bay Area Occurrence: Sonoma County; extirpated from Napa Federal Status: Endangered, 1995
County
State Status: Endangered, 1979 Showy Indian Clover (Trifolium amoenum)185
Federal Status: Endangered, 1991 Bay Area Occurrence: Marin County; extirpated from Sonoma,
Napa and Solano Counties
Few-Flowered Navarretia State Status: None
(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciora)176 Federal Status: Endangered, 1997
State Status: Threatened, 1990 Cramptons Orcutt Grass (Tuctoria mucronata)186
Federal Status: Endangered, 1997 Bay Area Occurrence: Solano County
31
What is the EPA Doing to Control the Use of Pesticides?
The Pticide Regiration Proc a human health and environmental risk assessment. The
FIFRA risk-benet standard is not a safety standard, but
T
he Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is rather a balancing standard under which, in the EPAs own
responsible for the oversight of pesticide sales and use in words, workers can be regularly exposed to unacceptable
the United States. Specically, the Federal Insecticide, risks. The environmental assessment evaluates the likelihood
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) charges the EPA that exposure to that pesticide may cause harmful ecological
with reviewing and registering chemicals for use as insecticides, eects. The eects can be direct (e.g. sh die from a pesticide
fungicides, rodenticides, and pesticides in the U.S.187 A new entering waterways), or indirect (e.g. birds become sick or do
pesticide generally may not be sold or used in the U.S. unless not reproduce normally after ingesting contaminated sh).
the EPA has registered it for that particular use. In recognition The studies conducted during the environmental assessment
of rapid advancements in scientic understanding of the eects include: dening the chemical properties of the pesticide;
of pesticides, Congress amended FIFRA in 1988, establishing determining how the pesticide behaves in the environment;
a comprehensive re-registration program for all pesticides with and assessing its impact on plants and animals not targeted
active ingredients that were initially registered before November by the pesticide (non-target organisms). Toxicology studies are
1, 1984. carried out on plants and animals that have been chosen for
testing because they broadly represent non-target organisms.
The EPA may register a pesticide only after making the following EPA toxicology studies analyze both acute (short-term) and
determinations: (1) the labeling complies with FIFRAs chronic (long-term) impacts, however the impacts analysis is
requirements; (2) the composition claims are warranted; (3) limited to actual mortality of plants and animals as a result of
the pesticide will perform its intended function; and (4) the exposure to the pesticide. Although the EPAs risk assessments
pesticide will not cause unreasonable adverse eects on the are comprehensive with respect to what they cover, many
environment. The culmination of the registration process is important ecological eects of pesticides are not considered.
the EPAs approval of a label for the particular pesticide, which
then may not be used in a manner inconsistent with that label. To determine how the pesticide behaves in the environment,
The EPA must classify pesticides for general or restricted use, the EPA measures the interaction of the pesticide with
depending on their particular risks. Where necessary to guard soils, air, sunlight, surface water and groundwater. Some
against unreasonable adverse environmental eects, the EPA of the basic questions that must be answered to determine
must classify (or when the information becomes available, the environmental fate of the pesticide include: how fast
reclassify) a pesticide as restricted. Restricted use pesticides and by what means does the pesticide degrade; what are
may only be applied by a certied applicator or under the the breakdown chemicals; how much of the pesticide or its
direct supervision of a certied applicator, and application breakdown chemicals will travel from the application site; and
must follow all limitations on the frequency, type, location or where will the pesticide or its breakdown chemicals accumulate
protective measures associated with its use. in the environment. Environmental fate analyses help develop
estimates of pesticide concentrations in the environment. The
Even after registering a pesticide, the agency retains discretionary EPA establishes the risk assessment by comparing possible
involvement in and control over that registration. The EPA exposures to a pesticide, based on the environmental fate
must periodically review registrations with a goal of reviewing analyses, with resulting harmful eects on plants and animals.
each one every 15 years. The EPA also has the authority to The result will indicate the likelihood of mortality to plants
compel registrants to submit data on potentially unreasonable and animals from use of the pesticide. However, the risk
adverse eects that may be necessary for a re-registration review assessment does not incorporate sub-lethal impacts under its
and can cancel pesticide registrations whenever a pesticide or risk assessment evaluation.
its labeling or other material required to be submitted does
not comply with the provisions of this Act or, when used In determining the ecological risk posed by a pesticide (risk
in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized characterization), the EPA integrates the results of the exposure
practice, generally causes unreasonable adverse eects on the and eco-toxicity data to estimate the likelihood of adverse
environment.188 ecological eects. The means of integrating the results of
exposure and eco-toxicity data is called the quotient method.
The EPAs re-registration decisions require a determination of For this method, risk quotients (RQs) are calculated by dividing
whether the pesticide causes unreasonable adverse eects to exposure estimates (estimated environmental concentrations
people or the environment when used according to product or EECs) by eco-toxicity values (toxicity endpoint values,
labeling. This determination is presented in a Re-registration such as the median lethal dose (LD50) or the median lethal
Eligibility Decision (RED) document. The RED comprises concentration (LC50), both acute and chronic. RQs are then
32
compared to the EPAs levels of concern (LOCs). The LOCs consumption patterns and vulnerabilities and to provide
are criteria used by the EPA to indicate potential risk to non- additional safeguards while those data gaps are being lled.
target organisms. The criteria indicate that a pesticide used as
directed has the potential to cause adverse eects on non-target In the past, the EPA has acted as if no adverse impact would
organisms. occur while missing studies were being conducted and initial
indications of adverse eects had not been conclusively
LOCs address the following risk presumption categories: (1) proven. Under the FQPA, additional protection must be
acute high potential for acute risk is high and regulatory action provided in the interim. The FQPA also established deadlines
may be warranted in addition to restricted use classication; to complete the long languishing tolerance and re-registration
(2) acute restricted use the potential for acute risk is high, processes. Under FQPA, the EPA must further determine
but may be mitigated through restricted use classication; (3) with reasonable certainty that no harm will come to infants,
acute endangered species endangered species may be adversely children or other sensitive individuals exposed to pesticides from
aected; and (4) chronic risk the potential for chronic risk food, water, and home and garden use. The FQPA requires that
is high and regulatory action may be warranted. Generally, a the EPA consider the cumulative eects of dierent pesticides
higher RQ is cause for greater concern. Calculated risk quotients in evaluating the safety of individual pesticides; however, this
represent a screening level assessment. Risk characterization does not apply to occupational exposure to pesticides. The
provides further information on the likelihood of adverse FQPA also established a prioritization scheme for reviewing
eects occurring by considering the fate of the chemical in pesticides, under which the rst priority group of pesticides
the environment, geographic patterns of chemical usage, to be reviewed by EPA will be organophosphate pesticides, a
communities and species potentially at risk, their spatial and group of closely-related pesticides that aect the functioning of
temporal distributions, and the nature of the eects observed the nervous system.
in the laboratory and eld studies. When the RQ exceeds the
LOC for a particular category, the EPA presumes a risk of After the EPA has issued a RED and declared a pesticide re-
concern to that category. registration case eligible for re-registration, individual end-use
products that contain pesticide active ingredients included in
The types of measures included in Re-registration Eligibility the case still must be re-registered. This concluding part of the
Decisions (REDs) to reduce risks that are of concern include: re-registration process is referred to as product re-registration.
voluntary cancellation of pesticide products or deletion of In issuing a completed RED document, the EPA calls in any
uses; declaring certain uses ineligible or not yet eligible (and product-specic data and revised labeling needed to make nal
then proceeding with follow-up action to cancel the uses or re-registration decisions for each of the individual pesticide
require additional supporting data); restricting use of products products covered by the RED.
to certied applicators; limiting the amount or frequency of
use; improving use directions and precautions; adding more
protective clothing and equipment requirements; requiring EPAs Rponsibiliti under the Endangered
special packaging or engineering controls; requiring no-
treatment buer zones; employing groundwater, surface water Spi Act
or other environmental and ecological safeguards; and other
measures. When a species has been listed as threatened or endangered
under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), federal agencies have
The EPA also regulates the use of pesticides through the Federal duties under the ESA to assess their programs and activities to
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which authorizes the ensure they do not jeopardize the survival and recovery of the
EPA to set tolerance levels for pesticides used in or on foods or animal or plant in question. The ESA prescribes the process
animal feed. In 1996, Congress further amended FIFRA and the to be followed to ensure compliance with each set of duties.
FFDCA and unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Section 7(a)(2) of the ESA requires that each federal agency
Act (FQPA), which rened safety standards for pesticide residue shall, in consultation with and with the assistance of the
in food. The EPA had previously established food tolerances for [Interior] Secretary, insure that any action authorized, funded,
pesticides based on adult mens consumptions and susceptibility or carried out by such agency is not likely to jeopardize the
to adverse health eects. However, the National Academy continued existence of any endangered species or threatened
of Sciences found that children consume dierent foods in species or result in the destruction or adverse modication of
greater quantities than adults, are more vulnerable to adverse habitat of such species which is determined by the Secretary .
health eects due to their growth and development, and are . . to be critical.
particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruptors that can aect
growth and sexual maturation. The FQPA directed the EPA to The ESA establishes an inter-agency consultation process
revamp its tolerance-setting studies to account for childrens to assist federal agencies in complying with this duty under
Section 7. Federal agencies must consult with the appropriate
33
expert sh and wildlife agency: the U.S. Fish and Wildlife to include signicant habitat modication or degradation
Service (USFWS) for terrestrial species and non-oceanic which actually kills or injures sh or wildlife by signicantly
sh species, and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding,
for marine species to determine whether their actions will spawning, rearing, migrating, feeding or sheltering.190 As part
jeopardize the survival or adversely modify the critical habitat of a consultation, The USFWS or NMFS determines whether
of listed species and, if they do, to identify ways to modify to authorize the incidental take of listed species through the
the action to avoid that result. An agency must initiate issuance of an incidental take statement. An incidental take
consultation under Section 7 whenever it undertakes an action statement may be issued only if the action can proceed without
that may aect a listed species or critical habitat. Conversely, causing jeopardy. An incidental take statement must: (1)
an agency is relieved of the obligation to consult on its actions specify the impact of the incidental take on the listed species,
only when the action will have no eect on listed species or (2) specify reasonable and prudent measures the USFWS or
designated critical habitat. Eects determinations are based on NMFS considers necessary to minimize that impact, and if
the direct, indirect, and cumulative eects of the action when necessary (3) set forth mandatory terms and conditions.
added to the environmental baseline and other interrelated and
interdependent actions. An incidental take statement insulates the federal agency from
liability for take of a threatened or endangered species, provided
Regulations implementing Section 7 broadly dene the scope the agency complies with the statements terms and conditions.
of agency actions subject to consultation to encompass all This permission to take a species extends to any entity receiving
activities or programs of any kind authorized, funded, or a federal permit, license, authorization or funding subject to,
carried out, in whole or in part, by Federal agencies, including and in compliance with, the statement. Thus, the ESA provides
the promulgation of regulations and the granting of licenses. that: [A]ny taking that is in compliance with the terms and
Agencies must consult on ongoing agency actions over conditions specied in a written statement provided under
which the federal agency retains, or is authorized to exercise, subsection (b)(4)(iv) of this section shall not be considered to
discretionary involvement or control. Agencies must also be a prohibited taking of the species concerned.191
consult on ongoing agency actions if a new species is listed
that may be aected by the identied action.189 The end Beyond Section 7 consultation duties, federal agencies must
product of formal consultation is a biological opinion in which utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes of
The USFWS or NMFS determines whether the action will this chapter by carrying out programs for the conservation
jeopardize the survival and recovery of listed species or will of endangered species and threatened species listed under
adversely modify the species critical habitat. In order to make the ESA. As dened under Section 3 of the ESA, the term
this determination, the USFWS or NMFS must review all conservation means to use all necessary methods and
relevant information and provide a detailed evaluation of the procedures to bring an endangered or threatened species to the
actions eects, including the cumulative eects of federal and point at which the measures provided pursuant to the ESA are
nonfederal activities in the area, on the listed species. no longer necessary. As a federal action agency, the EPA must
review the programs it administers and consult with the expert
The USFWS and NMFS have a statutory duty to use the sh and wildlife agencies to ensure it utilizes its programs and
best available scientic information in an ESA consultation. authorities to conserve listed species especially in light of the
If the USFWS or NMFS determines that the action is likely agencys pesticide registration responsibilities.
to jeopardize the species, the biological opinion must specify
reasonable and prudent alternatives that will avoid jeopardy.
The USFWS or NMFS must also formulate discretionary EPAs Failure to Adequately Evaluate Risks to
conservation recommendations to reduce or minimize the
actions impacts on listed species or critical habitat. Not Wildlife
only does a Section 7 consultation assist the action agency
in discharging its duty to avoid jeopardy, but the biological The Clean Water Act requires the EPA to develop aquatic
opinion also aects the agencys obligation to avoid the take life criteria (ALC) for specic pollutants to determine water
of listed species. Under Section 9 of the ESA, it is illegal for quality and risk to aquatic life from water contamination. ALC
any person whether a private or governmental entity to are supposed to accurately reect the latest scientic knowledge
take without authorization any endangered species of sh or since they provide guidance to states and tribes in adopting
wildlife listed under the ESA. By regulation, The USFWS has water quality standards and are the basis for regulating
made the take prohibition applicable to all threatened species. discharges or releases of pollutants. The EPA has established few
ALC for the thousands of registered pesticides. Nonetheless,
Take is dened to mean harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampling has found that ALC
wound, kill, trap, capture or collect, or attempt to engage in values are frequently exceeded in streams nationwide.
such conduct. The USFWS and NMFS have dened harm
34
The EPAs ALC most likely underestimate pesticide impacts biological opinion on endosulfan use is inadequate. It fails to
to aquatic organisms. ALC do not address chronic exposure mention that jeopardy opinions were provided in 1989 on those
to pesticide amalgamations or mixtures and fail to take into pesticides used for 43 species, including sh and mussel species,
account possible additive or synergistic eects of more than as well as the Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, Wyoming toad,
one pesticide or combinations of pesticides, much less pesticide Nashville craysh, piping plover and wood stork. EPA failed to
transformation products. Combinations of two or three adopt nine of the 13 reasonable and prudent actions to avoid
pesticides, which are commonly found in the environment at jeopardy . . . . EPA may be in violation of the Endangered
low levels, can be up to 1,600 times more powerful in their Species Act.192 The letter concludes: the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
impact on hormones than any of the pesticides individually. Service does not support the re-registration of endosulfan.
Some chemicals, which individually do not disrupt hormones, The USFWS further informed the EPA that we do not believe
greatly magnify the ability of other chemicals to disrupt that EPA has adequately evaluated or presented the ecological
hormones. ALC do not address the prevalence or toxicity of risks of this pesticide . . . . In the event that EPA proceeds
pesticide breakdown products, which can be found at higher with this registration, we believe that sucient information
levels and can persist much longer than the parent compounds. exists to assume this pesticide is likely to result in numerous
ALC do not address the strong seasonality of concentration adverse eects to threatened and endangered species. As of
patterns (resulting in repeated pulses of high concentrations). 2004 the EPA had registered 103 products with endosulfan
ALC do not evaluate some types of biological eects such as for general use and approximately 60 special uses. As discussed
endocrine disruption. in this report, endosulfan has been implicated in population
declines or is a threat to numerous listed amphibians such as
The EPAs pesticide risk assessments are also fundamentally the California red-legged frog and California tiger salamander.
awed for numerous reasons. Problematically, the risk
assessment screenings are based on eects to organisms and Unfortunately, there are many other examples of the EPAs
not to habitat, ignoring indirect and chronic eects. The risk failure to address USFWS concerns and to regulate pesticide
assessments only address active ingredients of a pesticide, failing use accordingly. For instance, the USFWS strongly urged that
to take into account degradate products. While the EPAs all uses of diazinon be restricted or cancelled due to its high
models do address multiple applications of the same pesticide toxicity to wildlife, yet the EPA failed to implement prescriptions
by the same landowner for pest control prescribed by the from a 1989 USFWS biological opinion nding diazinon use
label, they do not capture multiple users and uses of the same jeopardizes the existence of 80 listed species.193 In another
pesticide that impact the same water body or area of land. The case, USFWS identied serious data gaps in the EPA review of
models fail to incorporate site-specic conditions such as water ecological impacts of atrazine, concluding: it does not appear
temperature, pH, changes in precipitation and climate. The that EPA will be able to fulll its legal responsibilities under
assessments fail to address impacts of inert or other ingredients [the ESA].194 And in another example, the USFWS strongly
of the pesticide. The EPA models also do not consider species disagreed with an EPA exemption allowing use of carbofuran,
distribution or density, number of species actually exposed, or which was cancelled in 1991 due to bald eagle kills.195
the concentration and duration of exposure.
Of particular concern is how the EPA estimates the toxicity EPAs So-Called Endangered Spi Proteion
levels for species. Because their toxicity levels are based on
the median lethal concentration, the EPAs determination of Program
allowable pesticide levels is based on mortality and not on
potential adverse impacts while may aect is the relevant The EPA displays a stunning lack of initiative in complying with
trigger for consultations prescribed by the ESA. Consequently, the Endangered Species Act. The agency has shown reckless
the EPAs ecological risk assessments fail to adequately assess disregard for the impact of its Pesticide Regulation Program on
sub-lethal eects that harm listed species. These failures, and wildlife, and most importantly, on endangered species. The EPA
a misunderstanding of cause and eect, result in numerous has made occasional forays in addressing pesticide registrations
invalid and unlawful eects determinations. through ESA consultation, but each attempt has failed to fully
assess the impact of the pesticide program on endangered
USFWS has repeatedly raised serious concerns about harm species. More importantly, the EPA has failed to implement
to listed species from specic pesticides and inadequacies in an eective overarching program to address pesticide impacts
the EPAs risk assessments for ESA purposes. One example of to endangered species, abrogating its responsibility to further
the EPAs failure to regulate pesticides harmful to endangered conservation of threatened and endangered species as required
species is their consultation with the USFWS on re-registration by Section 7(a)(1) of the ESA.
of the insecticide endosulfan. A letter sent by the USFWS in
2002 to the EPA stated that EPAs discussion of the USFWSs
35
In 1972, the EPA assumed authority for registration of consulted species. In fact, the EPA has not submitted sucient
pesticides from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and in information to USFWS or NMFS to even start a consultation
the wake of the publication of Rachel Carsons Silent Spring, on pesticide impacts to any listed species. In contrast to the EPA
environmental standards were written into FIFRA. Pesticides are federal land management agencies, which have completed
already in use were supposed to be brought into compliance ESA consultations with the USFWS on their use of pesticides
with these standards but were not, leading to the EPAs later re- in noxious weed control programs on federal lands. The land
registration process and deadlines. Pesticides originally registered management agencies have imposed far greater pesticide
in the 1950s and 1960s are still awaiting re-registration under restrictions than required by the EPA registration and label,
FIFRAs environmental standards. Congress passed the ESA in which has enabled the USFWS to have greater assurance that
1973 but the EPA did not begin consultations under the ESA listed species would not be jeopardized.
with the USFWS for pesticides until 1981. Consultations were
conducted on a case-by-case basis where an individual pesticide In the interim while the EPA continues to fail to comply with
was consulted on for specic uses. Recognizing that the case- the ESA species have continued to be exposed to potentially
by-case approach was inecient, the EPA adopted a cluster harmful pesticides with no assessment of the consequences.
approach where pesticides with similar use patterns were During its consultation period with the EPA in the mid-
considered together. This approach began in 1983 with a series 1980s to early 1990s, the USFWS concluded that pesticides
of biological opinions covering corn, grain, forest, mosquito jeopardized birds, amphibians, mammals, aquatic invertebrates,
and rangeland uses. sh and reptiles in dozens of jeopardy determinations. The
consultations found that registered pesticides jeopardized
In 1989, the EPA reinitiated consultation on the pesticides the continued existence of over 100 species, yet the EPA
reviewed in the clusters, focusing on impacts to aquatic continuously deferred any ESA consultation until the ESPP
species. Additionally, in 1989, the EPA released a proposed was nalized.
Endangered Species Protection Program (ESPP),196 which
would establish how future consultations would take place. After years as a proposed voluntary program, the EPA nalized
In 1993, the EPA found that the cluster approach was also the ESPP in November 2005. The revised ESPP describes the
problematic and adopted a species-based approach where EPAs approach to implementing its responsibilities under
they evaluated the impacts of 16 vertebrate control agents section 7(a)(2) of the ESA, while at the same time not placing
(i.e. rodenticides) on 56 species (mammals, birds, reptiles and an unnecessary burden on agriculture and other pesticide
insects). The EPA intended to consult on another 15 pesticides users. However, the ESPP program is only implicated when
but the biological opinion was never completed. After 1993, the EPA makes a subsequent determination that geographically
the EPA continuously referred to the non-nalized 1989 ESPP, specic risk mitigation is necessary to protect federally listed
deferring ESA compliance until it was nalized. threatened or endangered species or their critical habitat. If
geographically specic pesticide use limitations are necessary,
The EPAs view was that previous opinions proved ineective the EPA will then create a bulletin containing enforceable use
in assessing impacts of pesticides and thus an overarching limitations for the pesticide. Bulletins will be referenced on the
framework was necessary. Consequently, instead of complying pesticide product label and available on the EPA Web site. The
with the ESA as pesticides continued to be registered and problems with the primary provisions of the nalized ESPP are
new species continued to be added to the federal endangered as follows:
species list, the EPA provided generic statements that it would
address ESA issues when the ESPP was nalized. Of course, (1) The pesticide label will not specify restrictions necessary
each year the EPA claimed it expected the ESPP to be nalized to protect endangered species. Rather, to learn what
soon. In the interim, the agency relied on only partially- restrictions are required for a given pesticide, pesticide users
implemented voluntary measures to protect species that will need to consult a Web site or call a toll-free number.
received consultation up to 1993. Although there have been (2) The EPA will establish protections for endangered species
numerous determinations by the USFWS that registered use of as part of its regular pesticide review process, in which
pesticides would jeopardize listed species and many Incidental each pesticide is reviewed only once every 15 years. Since
Take Permits have been granted with pesticide use conditions the EPA is now completing congressionally mandated
for conserving listed species, the EPA has taken no action not registrations of most pesticides currently on the market, it
even the minimum step of developing a county bulletin that will postpone endangered species protections for another
would lay out voluntary protections. 10-15 years and leave imperiled species at risk.
(3) Unfortunately, the EPA has declined to institute monitoring
Since 1993, except in the presence of litigation, the EPA has of endangered species impacted by pesticides and it will
not completed a single consultation for newly listed species make only selective use of surface water monitoring
or addressed new scientic information regarding previously undertaken by the USGS, states and tribes.
36
(4) The EPA will give chemical companies and pesticide users EPAs New Regulations Weakening Endangered
special rights to comment on any proposed restrictions on
pesticide uses and the EPA will strive to minimize burdens Spi Proteions
on pesticide users. The EPA will exclude the public from
these special reviews, and places no comparable emphasis In July 2004 the Bush administration adopted new regulations
on ensuring that endangered species receive the most that circumvent the consultation process established under the
eective (as opposed to the least burdensome) protection ESA to ensure that federally permitted pesticide applications will
from harmful pesticides. not wipe out endangered species. The new rules, promulgated
by the USFWS and NMFS at the chemical industrys behest,
In comments on the proposed ESPP, conservationists called for reveal the EPAs ongoing interest is avoiding its ESA obligations
use restrictions to be placed directly on the pesticide label or rather than nding a way to bring its pesticide registration
to be distributed along with the product at the point of sale. program into compliance with the ESA.
They also called for the EPA to take swift action to develop and
implement restrictions for the most harmful pesticides, pointing The new regulations will weaken endangered species protections
to a giant loophole in the new program a 15-year delay in primarily by shutting federal wildlife agency experts out of
establishing much-needed protections for endangered sh and endangered species protection, instituting self-consultations
wildlife from pesticides. This comes on the heels of a recent bill in which only the EPA assesses the potential for pesticide
that passed in the House that would exempt pesticides from impacts on endangered species. The regulations will also make
the ESA for a period of ve years. Conservationists have faulted it more dicult to protect endangered species by requiring a
the program as being sorely inadequate to ensure compliance greater show of harm to species before formal consultations
with restrictions on pesticide use and call it a dont ask-dont with wildlife agency experts are required and by deferring to the
tell program because information on pesticide restrictions will EPAs assessments of pesticides and views even where the EPA
be hidden on the EPAs Web site rather than communicated lacks essential data and species expertise. The regulations allow
directly to pesticide users. outdated science to be the basis for determining whether and
the extent to which endangered species must be protected
The EPA assumes it can solve the pesticide problem for from pesticides. They also give the chemical industry special
endangered species through the use of county bulletins. participation rights that are not shared by the public.
Under the ESPP, generic label statements will instruct pesticide
users to consult local county bulletins, which inform the user A USFWS technical team of biologists and toxicologists
on how to appropriately apply the pesticide in proximity to conducted an extensive review of the EPAs proposed risk
endangered and threatened species. Some county bulletins were assessment process under the new regulations. The technical
created after the 1989 consultation to provide protections for team found signicant deciencies, specically that EPA risk
species covered in the 1989 biological opinion. Specically, the assessments will likely underestimate exposures and risks
bulletins contained the 1989 biological opinions reasonable of pesticides to listed species due to gaps in data on sub-
and prudent alternatives to avoid jeopardy. However, the EPA lethal eects, inert ingredients, mixtures, numerous species,
admits that these bulletins are totally outdated as they only incorrect risk thresholds, and limited models that overlook
provide use instructions for a few species listed prior to 1993, various scenarios, such as shallow waters, shorelines, inhalation
have not incorporated use limitations for species listed since exposure from soil fumigants, and skin exposures for frogs.
1993, and are used in only a select number of states across The team recommended updating the science underlying the
the country. Although the EPA never updated the original EPAs approach to incorporate additional species and eects in
set of county bulletins, created to implement the mitigation the EPAs tests and analysis, to expand the use of peer-review
measures deemed necessary by the USFWS in the 1989 literature, and to ground the analysis of pesticides impacts in
biological opinion, the EPA stated in the 2002 proposed ESPP the biological and ecological needs of listed species. The team
that county bulletins will be updated annually. concluded that until such changes are made, the EPAs risk
assessments would not use the best science, consider all relevant
Given the EPAs proven inability to manage a very small aspects of pesticide impacts, or ensure against jeopardy to listed
number of bulletins covering a limited number of species, it species. In response, the Bush administration disbanded the
is dicult to believe that the EPA will be able to adequately team and the federal wildlife agencies signed o on the EPAs
protect endangered species through the use of county bulletins. risk assessment process despite persistent concerns and scathing
Consequently, those species whose survival is jeopardized by critiques from technical team members.
pesticide use receive no real protections and will continue to
decline towards extinction while the EPA continues to nd The EPA is poorly equipped to take on consultations without
ways to avoid compliance with the ESA. oversight by wildlife agency experts. Although EPA sta may
have a strong understanding of pesticides, the agency does
37
not have expertise about listed species and cannot, therefore, The EPA and the Courts
make requisite eect determinations absent the USFWS or
NMFS. In a nod to industry, this inadequate process allows Due to the EPAs ongoing recalcitrance in complying with
opportunities for pesticide manufacturers to contribute to the the ESA, many environmental organizations have been forced
risk assessment while limiting the opportunity of the USFWS to seek recourse in the courts. The following is a brief review
and NMFS to provide oversight. of resolved and pending lawsuits over the EPAs neglect of
endangered species that occur in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Wildlife agency experts have repeatedly called into question
the EPAs assessments of the impacts of pesticides on sh
and wildlife. For example, the USFWS comments on EPAs WASHINGTON TOXICS COALITION, ET AL. V. EPA
atrazine risk assessment stated: Risk assessments that fail to Concerned about the impacts pesticides pose to endangered
address [the pesticide mixing] issue are likely to underestimate west coast salmon and steelhead trout species, the Northwest
the true potential for ecological impacts, and as such, this Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides, Washington Toxics
represents a critical data gap that EPA needs to address. Coalition, Pacic Coast Federation of Fishermens Associations,
NMFS and FWS have criticized the EPA for failing to account and Institute for Fisheries Resources sued the EPA in January
for sub-lethal eects in its risk assessments and registration of 2001 for failing to complete ESA Section 7 consultations with
pesticides.197 For example, NMFS stated in its 2002 biological NMFS for over 50 toxic pesticides found in salmon waters.
opinion on pesticide use on public forests that Rainbow While the EPA had made initial determinations for the
trout behavior changed at chlordane (organo-chlorine pesticides, NMFS found that the information provided and
insecticide) concentrations below the EPAs not-to-be-exceeded analyzed by the EPA was insucient for consultations because
concentration, illustrating the inadequacy of using current EPA of serious gaps.
application guidelines for avoidance of sublethal eects. The
EPAs own assessment of the pesticide diazinon acknowledged In July 2002, the U.S. District Court in Seattle found that the
that the EPA lacked knowledge about young chinook salmon EPA had failed to meet its Section 7 obligations, noting that
life cycles and habitat needs. Furthermore, the EPAs ability the EPAs own reports document the potentially signicant
to assess the risks pesticides pose to salmon have been called risks posed by registered pesticides to salmonids. Based on EPA
into question in letters from NMFS in which the overarching reports for 54 pesticides, the Court found that the EPA failed to
conclusions were that the EPAs pesticide assessments were not consult on the potential impacts of these pesticides on salmon.
based on the best scientic information and may be biased The EPA was ordered to comply with the ESA by evaluating,
toward concluding that a pesticide does not pose an ecological with the input of NMFS, the eects of these 54 pesticides on
risk to listed resources, when in fact it does.198 endangered and threatened salmon.
By eliminating the checks and balances built into the ESA In July and August 2003, the Court ruled that interim
through formal agency consultation, the new rule makes it protective measures should be put in place while the EPA was
easier for agribusiness and other industries to use highly toxic completing this process. In January 2004, the Court imposed
pesticides. These changes to the way pesticides are regulated buers that restrict the use of 38 pesticides near salmon streams
under the ESA will have severe and detrimental eects to many and required point-of-sale warnings on products containing
endangered species in the San Francisco Bay Area if they are seven pesticides that have polluted urban salmon streams.
allowed to stand. Scientists, conservationists and members of
Congress oppose the rule change, which the administration In 2004, the pesticide industry group CropLife America, along
formulated with the help of the pesticide industry. Sixty-six with other agricultural interests, attempted ve times to stay
members of Congress wrote a letter to the Bush administration the January 2004 injunction while they appealed the ruling
opposing the new pesticide regulations, including Bay Area with the District Court and eventually the Ninth Circuit
Congressional members Barbara Lee, George Miller, Mike Court of Appeals. The District Court issued a strongly worded
Thompson, Zoe Lofgren, Tom Lantos and Lynn Woolsey. In opinion denying the industry request. Lambasting the EPA,
September 2004 a coalition of conservation and shing groups the Court stated that if EPA had expended as much eort
led a lawsuit challenging the new pesticide consultation in compliance with the ESA as it has expended in resisting
regulations. this action, the lawsuit might have been unnecessary. The 9th
Circuit Court armed the injunction in full and the Supreme
Court turned down the CropLife request for judicial review.
Bay Area endangered species aected by the court ruling are
steelhead trout, coho salmon and chinook salmon.
38
CALIFORNIANS FOR ALTERNATIVES TO TOXICS, ET endangered sh, aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial plants and
aquatic plants.
AL. V. EPA
In 2000, Californians for Alternatives to Toxics, the
A recent University of California study demonstrated that frog
Environmental Protection Information Center, and the
larvae exposed to extremely low doses (0.01 parts per billion)
Humboldt Watershed Council sued the EPA for failing to
of atrazine resulted in the production of hermaphrodites.199
consult with the USFWS and NMFS before registering
However, the EPA concluded that it is not possible to determine
pesticides that may aect six listed salmonids and 33 listed plant
the relationship of atrazine exposure to developmental eects
species or their critical habitats in California. The plaintis
in amphibians. The EPAs independent Scientic Advisory
settled the lawsuit in November 2002 with a consent decree,
Panel (SAP) reviewed the literature on developmental eects of
which established deadlines for the EPA to initiate consultation
atrazine on amphibians and responded to the EPAs conclusion.
on the potential eects of 18 pesticides (acrolein, atrazine,
The SAP noted that although it could not draw a conclusion
bromacil, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diuron, glyphosate,
regarding a concentration-response relationship, it believes
hexazinone, imazapyr, oxyuorfen, 2,4-D-2 ethylhexyl ester,
that the data support the hypothesis that the eect of atrazine
molinate, oryzalin, simizine, sulfometuron-methyl, triclopyr
on amphibian gonad development occurs with a threshold
butoxyethyl ester, and triclopyr triethylammonium). The EPA
concentration between 0.01 and 25 parts per billion.200
was required to consult with the federal wildlife agencies for all
18 pesticides by February 2005. Bay Area endangered species
In a shocking move, the EPA ignored the overwhelming scientic
aected by the consent decree are steelhead trout, coho salmon
evidence on the harmful eects of atrazine, and in October
and chinook salmon.
2003 approved the unrestricted use of this pesticide. The EPA
made a no eect determination for atrazine for endangered
CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY V. species, which is suspect and disregards the Hayes data. Under
WHITMAN a court-approved consent decree with NRDC under another
In April 2002, the Center for Biological Diversity sued the atrazine suit focused on public health concerns, the EPA was
EPA for failing to consult on pesticides that may aect the required to further assess the use of this dangerous chemical.
California red-legged frog. The suit identied over 250 However, in a private agreement with Syngenta, the primary
pesticides that are used in red-legged frog habitat. Numerous producer of atrazine, the EPA required Syngenta to monitor
scientic studies have denitively linked pesticide use with atrazine pollution from 2004 to 2005 in only 3 percent of the
signicant developmental, neurological and reproductive 1,172 watersheds nationwide that are known to be at high
eects on amphibians. Pesticide contamination can cause risk of atrazine contamination. The EPA has not required any
deformities, abnormal immune system functions, diseases, measures to protect the public and wildlife from atrazine use
injury and death of red-legged frogs and other amphibians. in any of these watersheds. The EPA also alarmingly concluded
In September 2005, the U.S. District Court in San Francisco that atrazine is not likely to cause cancer in humans, despite the
ruled that the EPA violated the ESA by registering pesticides August 2003 report from the SAP, which found that atrazine
for use without considering how these pesticides might impact may cause cancer and that the EPAs focus on prostate cancer
the continued existence of the red-legged frog and ordered the was potentially misleading. NRDC led a lawsuit in February
EPA to review the impacts these pesticides have on the frog at 2005 challenging the EPAs illegal negotiation of secret
the earliest possible time. The EPA must now consult with the agreements with chemical industry lobbyists over regulation of
USFWS on the impacts of 66 of the most toxic and persistent atrazine.
pesticides authorized for use in red-legged frog habitat in
California. WASHINGTON TOXICS COALITION, ET AL. V. U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL V. EPA In September 2004, a coalition of conservation and shing
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) sued the groups led a lawsuit in federal district court in Seattle
EPA in August 2003 for failing to consult on the impact of challenging the federal governments new pesticide consultation
the herbicide atrazine on numerous listed species. Although regulations. The Center for Biological Diversity joined the
the lawsuit focuses on the EPAs failure to protect sea turtles Washington Toxics Coalition, Defenders of Wildlife, Helping
in the Chesapeake Bay, salamanders in Texas, mussels in Our Peninsulas Environment, National Wildlife Federation,
Alabama, and sturgeons in Midwest waters from atrazine, the Natural Resources Defense Council, Northwest Coalition
outcome will have a bearing on many Bay Area endangered for Alternatives to Pesticides and Pacic Coast Federation of
species aected by atrazine use. Although atrazine is banned in Fishermens Associations/Institute for Fisheries Resources in
much of Europe, the EPA refuses to ban the herbicide in the challenging the EPAs latest attempts to eliminate important
U.S. even though its risk assessments acknowledge potential protections for endangered species in the EPA registration
harmful eects of atrazine both directly and indirectly on process.
39
The Bush administrations new regulations allow the EPA
to evade its legal obligations and determine itself whether a
pesticide harms endangered species without consulting with
federal wildlife agencies. The EPAs attempt to determine
whether pesticides may aect listed species through self-
consultation is impermissible under the ESA and eliminates
the checks and balances built into the ESA through formal
agency consultation. The new rule would allow the EPA to
conduct self-consultations based on deciencies in EPA science
and make it easier for agribusiness and other industries to use
highly toxic pesticides.
Responding to the lawsuit, the EPA tried to ignore and conceal

the widespread controversy and scientic dissension over
approval of their new consultation regulations by submitting
only nal and ocial documents as the administrative record
of the rulemaking. However, the federal court has ordered the
EPA to provide the whole record, including internal dissent.
This lawsuit is ongoing.
40
Recommendations
E
ndangered Bay Area wildlife species exposed to toxic impacts on endangered species when registering pesticides,
pesticides may prove to be sentinels that that are rather than merely identifying the need for monitoring.
indicative of our own fate. Pesticides that are found in
wildlife habitats are also are nding their way into our drinking The EPA must conduct meaningful and relevant ecological
water, food and air. Because it can often take decades of study risk assessments and correct scientic deciencies in their
to know for certain the harmful consequences of expanding assessments of pesticide impacts. The EPA must improve
pesticide use, we should take a precautionary approach, and its science to require testing of actual formulations of
phase out use of the most dangerous pesticides, reduce our pesticide products rather than just active ingredients
reliance on toxic chemicals for pest control and promote in isolation, and test for sub-lethal eects of pesticides.
ecologically based pest management. Pesticide manufacturers must be required to conduct long-
term studies on ecosystem-wide impacts to demonstrate
that a pesticide has no adverse eects before allowing it
Policy Rommendations for the U.S. to be registered. Present regulations view a pesticide as
innocent until proven guilty, with detrimental impacts to
Environmental Proteion Agency (EPA) and environmental health. It is critical to know more about
the Federal Government the long-term ecological eects of a pesticide before it is
released into the environment.
Require the EPA to immediately begin consultation and
to commit to an aggressive consultation schedule for all Rather than regulate pesticides one at a time, the EPA
registered pesticides that may aect endangered species. should develop a system of ecologically based pest
The EPA should abandon its delay tactics and attempts at management that reduces the need for toxic pesticides.
legislative exemptions from the ESA, and request adequate
funding to clear up the backlog of consultations and Prohibit toxic pesticide use on National Wildlife Refuges.
prioritize compliance with the ESA for all registration and Enforce the mandate of the National Wildlife Refuge
re-registration of pesticides. Improvement Act of 1997 to put wildlife rst on wildlife
refuges. If farming is to take place in these areas, it should
Require interim safeguards for toxic pesticides known or be restricted to organic farming of crops that are compatible
suspected to harm endangered species, such as atrazine, with wildlife.
carbofuran, chlorpyrifos and diazinon, prioritizing
pesticides which have already been determined by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or National Policy Rommendations for the State of
Marine Fisheries Service to jeopardize any listed species.
Use restrictions necessary to prevent listed species from Californias Environmental Proteion Agency
exposure to these pesticides should be required until the
EPA has consulted with the USFWS on the impacts of Immediately ban statewide use of toxic pesticides most
these pesticides. These pesticides should be not be used in harmful to wildlife and human health. This immediate ban
known occupied habitat, designated critical habitat, or in should apply to the most toxic pesticides for which there
buer areas around habitats for federally listed species. is known and compelling information about their hazards,
such as atrazine, carbofuran, diazinon and chlorpyrifos.
Rescind the new federal regulation that allows the EPA to
consult with itself and stop the EPA from circumventing Phase out the use of all toxic pesticides that are harmful
the oversight of the expert sh and wildlife agencies in to wildlife and human health and reduce the use of other
bringing its pesticide registrations into compliance with pesticides. Banning individual harmful pesticides usually
the Endangered Species Act. results in shifting use to equally toxic substitute pesticides,
with new and unknown adverse eects on wildlife. Rather
Revamp the EPAs so-called Endangered Species Protection than regulating pesticides one at a time the state EPA should
Program. The current ESPP relies on vague references to develop a system of ecologically based pest management
county bulletins to supposedly protect endangered species. that reduces the need for toxic pesticides.
The EPA should attach real prohibitions on proximate use or
aerial spraying in zones around endangered species habitat Make Californias current voluntary pesticide use buers
on pesticide labels as part of the registration process. The for endangered species. mandatory. The proposed buers
EPA should also require adequate monitoring of pesticide should be peer reviewed by federal wildlife agencies and
41
independent biologists to ensure they are adequate to as soaps, oils, and bio-pesticides to control insect pests.
protect listed species from toxic pesticide drift and runo. Watch out for weed and feed fertilizers containing toxic
pesticides. If you hire others to do your gardening work,
Require the state of Californias Department of Pesticide insist that no toxic pesticides be used or hire landscaping
Regulation to live up to its mission of protecting public and pest-control rms specializing in least-toxic methods
health and the environment and enforce existing laws and of pest management.
support alternative agriculture. For years the agency has
consistently stonewalled enforcement of environmental Buy organic foods whenever possible. Market forces are a
regulations related to toxic pesticides and allocated few powerful incentive to encourage growers to go organic.
resources to alternative pest management in agriculture
and other sectors. Insist on least-toxic pest management in your childrens
schools and support eorts to phase out use of toxic
Provide extensive support for non-chemical methods of pest pesticides in schools. Many schools now have a no toxic
control and tax incentives to reduce toxic pesticide use. The pesticides policy. If yours does not, work with other
direct cost of applying a pesticide is only a small fraction parents and teachers to implement such a policy at your
of the actual cost. Many of the costs associated with toxic school.
pesticide use are borne by the public and the environment,
such as human illness due to pesticide exposures, kills of
birds and sh, loss of habitat and food for sh and wildlife,
and increased crop damage due to pesticide-resistant pests.
Giving growers a tax break for reducing toxic pesticide use
and/or requiring pesticide manufacturers to pay more of
the external costs associated with pesticide use will provide
incentives to reduce use.
Provide funding for additional monitoring of sh and

wildlife populations, as well as chemical concentrations
in water, sediments and wildlife tissues. Monitoring of
chemical concentrations and sh and wildlife populations,
including creation of a centralized system for reporting bird
and sh kills, is essential for determining the long-term
eects of pesticide use. Understanding pesticide eects
on native species in the eld, not just in the laboratory, is
crucial.
Rommendations for Homeowners, Renters

and Parents
The amount of pesticides used on lawns, gardens and in homes
and schools is estimated to be more than one-fth of total
pesticide use in California. If you are a homeowner, renter or
parent and wish to reduce your impacts on the environment
while protecting your and your familys health, here are some
steps you can take.
Use least-toxic pest control methods around the home

and garden. Exclude pests by caulking cracks, and keep
kitchens and other parts of the home free from food
sources that attract pests. Use low-toxicity, contained baits
instead of spraying potent toxicants into the environment.
In the garden, control weeds by mulching or hand weeding
and use benecial insects or least-toxic insecticides such
42
43
Maps of Bay Area Pesticide Use
in Endangered Species Habitat
44
Major Tn'butaries res
of the Nine Bay /Vea Coun '
-
-
45
Pesticide Applications Detrimental
to lhe San Joaquin Kit Fox
--
in the Nine Bay Area Counties
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Pesticide A pplication5 Detrirnenta I
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47
Pesticiele Applications Detrimental
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in the Nine Bay Area Counties
PestloCe AWlle:r!ion Afu:S
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48
Referenc 19
Kegley, S., et. al. 2003. Secondhand Pesticides: Airborne Pesticide Drift
in California. Californians for Pesticide Reform. Available at www.panna.
org/resources/ documents/secondhandDriftAvail.dv.html.
1
Silent Spring Revisited: Pesticide Use and Endangered Species
is available on the Center for Biological Diversity Web site at www. 20
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Pesticide Registration
biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/programs/science/pesticides/index.html Notice 2001-X (8/9/01) Draft. Spray and Dust Drift Label Statements for
Pesticide Products. Available at www.epa.gov/oppmsd1/PR_Notices/
2
Disrupting the Balance: Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in California prdraft-spraydrift801.htm.
is available on the PANNA web site at www.panna.org/panna/resources/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Spray Drift of Pesticides.
documents/disruptingSum.dv.html. Available at www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/spraydrift.htm.
3
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Determination of Threatened Status 21
USEPA 2001, Op. cit.
for the Sacramento Splittail. 64 FR 5963, 5974-80, Feb. 8, 1999.
22
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Atrazine Interim Re-
registration Eligibility Decision. January 31, 2003. Available at www.epa.
4
Houston, J. R, L. A. Allen, and K. M. Kuivila. 2000. Seasonal patterns gov/oppsrrd1/reregistration/atrazine/, p. 93.
and factors controlling the occurrence of dissolved pesticides in the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Presented at CALFED Bay-Delta 23
See for example: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001.
Program Science Conference, Oct. 3-5, 2000, Sacramento, CA. Abstract Chlorpyrifos Interim Deregistration Eligibility Decision. September 28,
(#169), summary, and notes available at www.iep.water.ca.gov/calfed/ 2001. Available at www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/op/chlorpyrifos.htm, p. 95-97.
sciconf/2000/publications/.
Kuivila, K. M. 2000. Pesticides in the Sacramento-San Joaquin 24
Berrill, M., S. Bertram, A. Wilson, S. Louis, D. Brigham, and C. Stromberg
Delta: State of Our Knowledge. Presented at CALFED Bay-Delta 1993. Lethal and sub-lethal impacts of Pyrethroid insecticides on amphibian
Program Science Conference, Oct. 3-5, 2000, Sacramento, CA. Abstract embryos and tadpoles. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12: 525-
(#66), summary, and notes available at www.iep.water.ca.gov/calfed/ 539.
sciconf/2000/publications/. Berrill, M., S. Bertram, L. M. McGillivray, M. Kolohon, and B. Pauli 1994.
Moon, G. E, K. M. Kuivila, and J. L. Orlando. 2000. Exposure of Delta Effects of low concentrations of forest-use pesticides on frog embryos and
Smelt to Dissolved Pesticides During Larval and Juvenile Stages in 1998 tadpoles. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13(4): 657-664.
and 1999. Abstract #183 presented at CALFED Bay-Delta Program Berrill, M., S. Bertram, B. Pauli, and D. Coulson 1995. Comparative
Science Conference, Oct. 3-5, 2000, Sacramento, CA. Summary and sensitivity of amphibian tadpoles to single and pulsed exposures of the
notes available at www.iep.water.ca.gov/calfed/sciconf/2000/publications/. forest-use insecticide Fenitrothion. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
14(6): 1101-1018.
5
Larson, S. J. et al. 1999. Pesticides in Streams of the U.S. Initial Results Berrill, M., D. Coulson, L. McGillivray, and B. Pauli 1998. Toxicity of
from the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. USGS Water- Endosulfan to aquatic stages of anuran amphibians. Environmental
Resources Investigation Report 98-4222. Toxicology and Chemistry 17(9): 1738-1744.
Hall, R. and P. F. Henry 1992. Assessing effects of pesticides on
6
California Regional Water Quality Control Boards, Region 2. 2003. 2002 amphibians and reptiles: Status and needs. Herp. Jr. vol. 2: 65-71.
CWA Section 303(D) List of Water Quality Limited Segment. 25
Park, D., S.C. Hempleman, and C. R. Propper. 2001. Endosulfan
exposure disrupts pheremonal systems in the red-spotted newt: A
7
California Regional Water Quality Control Boards, Region 2. 2005. mechanism for subtle effects of environmental chemicals, Environmental
Revision of the Clean Water Act Section 303(D) List of Water Quality Health Perspectives 109:669-673.
Limited Segments. Fact Sheets Supporting Revision of the Section 303(D)
List. September, 2005. In 2005 the RWQCB also proposed de-listing much 26
Hayes, T.B., et al., 2002, Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after
of the San Francisco Bay for diazinon, including the Sacramento-San exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses,
Joaquin Delta, Carquinez Strait, Suisun Bay, San Pablo Bay, the central Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., April 16, 2002, Vol.99, Issue 8, 5476-5480.
basin, central, lower, and south San Francisco Bay, Oakland Inner Harbor
and San Leandro Bay, due to reduced levels of this pesticide in recent 27
Pollinators: Protecting the Birds and Bees. Global Pesticide
testing. Campaigner, Vol.6, No.4. Dec. 1996. PANNA, www.pmac.net/birdbee.
htm.Nabhan, G.P. 1996. Pollinator Redbook, Volume One: Global list of
8 threatened vertebrate wildlife, wildlife species serving as pollinators for
RWQCB 2003. Op. cit. crops and wild plants. www.desertmuseum.org/conservation/fp/redbook.
html.
9
USGS. 1999. Pesticides in Stream Sediment and Aquatic Biota. USGS Kearns, C.A., D.W. Inouye, and N.M. Waser. 1998. Endangered
Fact Sheet 092-00. mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annu. Rev.
Ecol. Syst., 29:83-112.
10
USGS. 1999. Op. cit. 28
Center for Bioenvironmental Research. Environmental Estrogens,
Wildlife and Human Health Effects. Available www.som.tulane.edu/ecme/
U.S. Geological Survey. 2005. Pesticides Associated with Suspended
11
eehome/basics/eeeffects/.
Sediments in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California. Brian A.
Bergamaschi, Kathryn L. Crepeau, and Kathryn M. Kuivila. Open-File 29
Ibid.
Report 97-24.
30
Short, P. and T. Colborn. 1999. Pesticide Use in the U.S. and Policy
Meade R.H. 1972. Transport and deposition of sediments in estuaries:
12
Implications: A Focus on Herbicides, Toxicology and Industrial Health: An
Geological Society of America, v. 133, p. 91-120. International Journal, Jan-March 1999, Vol.15, Nos. 1&2, 240-275.
Cox, C. 1995. Pesticide Drift-Indiscriminately from the Skies. Journal of
13 31
See EPA Science Policy Council, Handbook for Non-Cancer Health
Pesticide Reform. Spring 1995, Vol.15, No.1. Effects Valuation. Available at www.epa.gov/osp/spc/Endoqs.htm.
14
National Research Council, Board on Agriculture, Committee on Long- 32
Park, D., S.C. Hempleman, and C. R. Propper. 2001. Endosulfan
Range Soil and Water Conservation. 1993. Soil and water quality: An exposure disrupts pheremonal systems in the red-spotted newt: A
agenda for agriculture, Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 323- mechanism for subtle effects of environmental chemicals. Environmental
324. Health Perspectives 109:669-673.
Gilbertson, M. K., G. D. Hafner, K. G. Drouillard, A. Albert, and B.
15
U.S. Congress, Ofce of Technology Assessment. 1990. Beneath the Dixon. 2002. Immunosuppression in the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana
bottom line: Agricultural approaches to reduce agrichemical contamination Pipiens) Induced by Pesticide Exposure. Environmental Toxicology and
of groundwater. Report No. OTA-4-418. Washington, D.C., U.S. GPO. Chemistry 22(1):101110.
Welshons, W.V., et al. 1999. Low-dose bioactivity of xenoestrogens in
16
Cox 1995, Op. cit. animals: fetal exposure to low doses of methoxychlor and other estrogens
increases adult prostrate size in mice. Toxicology and Industrial Health: An
17
Sparling, D.W., G.M. Fellers, and L.L. McConnell. 2001. Pesticides and International Journal, Jan-March 1999, Vol.15, Nos. 1&2, 12-25.
Amphibian Population Declines in California. Environmental Toxicology Nagler, J.J., et al. 2001. High Incidence of a Male-Specic Genetic
and Chemistry. Vol.20, No.7, 1591-1595. Marker in Phenotypic Female Chinook Salmon from the Columbia River.
Lenoir, J.S., et al. 1999. Summertime transport of current-use Environmental Health Perspectives 109:67-69.
pesticides from Californias Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountain Willingham, E.T., et al. 2000. Embryonic Treatment with Xenobiotics
Range. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18:2715. Disrupts Steroid Hormone Proles in Hatchling Red-Eared Slider Turtles
(Trachemys scripta elegans). Environmental Health Perspectives 108(4):
18
Sparling et al. 2001, Op. cit. 329-332.
49
Pesticide Action Network North America. World wide web publication www.
Dodson, S.I., et al. 1999. Dieldrin Reduces Male Production and Sex panna.org/panna/resources/documents/disruptingSum.dv.html.
Ratio in Daphnia (Galeata mendotae). Toxicology and Industrial Health: An
International Journal, Jan-March 1999, Vol.15, Nos. 1&2, 192-199. 51
Ibid.
Harris, M., et al. Apple Orchard Insecticide and Fungicide Effects on
Ranid Populations in Ontario. University of Guelph, Ontario, abstract found U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Chlorothalonil
52
at www.pmac.net/ranid.htm. Registration Eligibility Decision. September, 1998.
La Clair, J.J., J.A. Bantle and J. Dumont. 1998. Photoproducts and
metabolites of a common insect growth regulator produce developmental 53
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Reregistration Eligibility
deformities in Xenopus. Environmental Science and Technology, 32: 1453- for Endosulfan. Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/
1461. endosulfan_red.pdf
Gray, L.E., et al. 1999. The estrogenic and antiandrogenic pesticide
methoxychlor alters the reproductive tract and behavior without affecting 54
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
pituitary size or LH and prolactin secretion in male rats. Toxicology and
Industrial Health: An International Journal, Jan-March 1999, Vol.15, Nos. 55
SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
1&2, 37-47.
56
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. Reregistration Eligibility
33
Short, P. and T. Colborn. 1999. Pesticide Use in the U.S. and Policy Decision for Ethauralin. Available at http://www.epa.gov/
Implications: A Focus on Herbicides. Toxicology and Industrial Health: An oppsrrd1/REDs/2260.pdf
International Journal, Jan-March 1999, Vol.15, Nos. 1&2, 240-275.
Reylea, R.A. and N. Mills. 2001. Predator-induced stress makes the 57
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Interim Reregistration
pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray Eligibility Decision for Fenamiphos. Available at http://www.epa.
treefrog tadpoles, Hyla versicolor. Proceedings of the National Academy of gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/fenamiphos_ired.pdf
Sciences, USA, 98:2481-2496.
Reylea, R.A. 2004. The growth and survival of ve amphibian species 58
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
exposed to combinations of pesticides. Environ. Toxico. Chem.
Reylea, R.A. 2004. Synergistic impacts of malathion and predatory 59
SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
stress on six species of North American tadpoles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
23:1080-1084. 60
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
Reylea, R.A. 2003. Predator cues and pesticides: A double does of
danger for amphibians. Ecol. Applic. 13:1515-1521. 61
SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
34
Hayes, T.B., et al. 2002. Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after 62
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., April 16, 2002, Vol.99, Issue 8, 5476-5480. 63
SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
35
Porter, W.P., et al. 1999. Endocrine, Immune, and Behavioral Effects of 64
California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 1997. Species by
Aldicarb (Carbamate), Atrazine (Triazine) and Nitrate (Fertilizer) Mixtures Pesticide (Volume I): An Index to Pesticides That Are Used in Proximity
at Groundwater Concentrations. Toxicology and Industrial Health: An to Federally Listed, Proposed and Candidate Species in California by
International Journal, Jan-March 1999, Vol.15, Nos. 1&2, 133-150. Active Ingredient. Proximity to endangered species was presumed where
pesticide use (or commodity location) and habitat intersected in the same
36
Pesticide Action Network. 2004. Analysis of Reported Pesticide Sales square mile area. The intersection of species with pesticide use or species
Versus Reported Pesticide Use. October 17, 2004. with a commodity does not necessarily infer signicant risk, because the
pesticide may not be toxic to the species, or the dynamics of pesticide use
San Francisco Estuary Project. 2005. Urban Pesticides Use Trends
37 (timing, method of application, etc.) may not result in signicant exposure
Annual Report 2005. to the species.
38
California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 2005. Summaries of
65
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2005. Proposed Threatened Status
Pesticide Use Data, Pounds of Active Ingredient by County, 1999-2003. for Southern Distinct Population Segment of North American Green
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pur/purmain.htm. Sturgeon. FR Vol. 70, No. 65, April 6, 2005.
39
Hayes, T.B., et al. 2002. Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Recovery Plan for the Sacramento-
66
exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses. San Joaquin Delta Native Fishes.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. April 16, 2002, Vol.99, Issue 8, 5476-5480. 67
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Draft Recovery Plan for the
40
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Atrazine, Reregistration Tidewater Goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi).
Eligibility Science Chapter, Environmental Fate and Effects Chapter. April
22, 2002 (Atrazine RED).
68
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.; SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
San Francisco Estuary Project. 2005. Pesticides in Urban Surface

41
69
USFWS 1996, Op. cit.
Water: Urban Pesticides Use Trends Annual Report 2005. 70
42
Hassan, S.A., et al. 1988. Results of the Fourth Joint Pesticide Testing
Program Carried Out by the IOBC/WPRSWorking Group, Pesticides and
71
CDPR 2003, Op. cit., SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
Benecial Organisms. J. Appl. Ent. 105:321-329. 72
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Determination of Threatened
U. S. Environmental protection Agency. 2001. Chlorpyrifos Interim
43 Status for the Sacramento Splittail. 64 FR 5963, 5974-80, Feb. 8, 1999.
Registration Eligibility Decision. September 2001, p. 52. 73
Houston, J. R, L. A. Allen, and K. M. Kuivila. 2000. Seasonal patterns
44
Cox, C. 1995. Insecticide Factsheet, Chlorpyrifos, Part 3: Ecological and factors controlling the occurrence of dissolved pesticides in the
Effects. Journal of Pesticide Reform. Summer 1995, Vol.15, No.2, p. 17. Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Presented at CALFED Bay-Delta
Program Science Conference, Oct. 3-5, 2000, Sacramento, CA. Abstract
45
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. (#169), summary, and notes available at www.iep.water.ca.gov/calfed/
sciconf/2000/publications/.
46
SFEP 2005, Op. cit. Kuivila, K. M. 2000. Pesticides in the Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta: State of Our Knowledge. Presented at CALFED Bay-Delta
47
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. Program Science Conference, Oct. 3-5, 2000, Sacramento, CA. Abstract
(#66), summary, and notes available at www.iep.water.ca.gov/calfed/
SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
48 sciconf/2000/publications/.
California Regional Water Quality Control Board. 2002. Staff Summary
Report: TMDL for diazinon and pesticide-related toxicity in San Francisco
74
Moon, G. E, K. M. Kuivila, and J. L. Orlando. 2000. Exposure of Delta
Bay Area urban creeks. Smelt to Dissolved Pesticides During Larval and Juvenile Stages in 1998
and 1999. Abstract #183 presented at CALFED Bay-Delta Program
49
Cox, C. 1991. Pesticides and Birds: From DDT to Todays Poisons. Science Conference, Oct. 3-5, 2000, Sacramento, CA. Summary and
Journal of Pesticide Reform, Winter 1991, Vol.11, No.4. Citing U.S. EPA, notes available at www.iep.water.ca.gov/calfed/sciconf/2000/publications/.
Ofce of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. 1989. Carbofuran: A special
review technical support document. Washington, D.C.
75
The Central California Coast population of coho salmon includes
naturally spawning coho between Humboldt and Santa Cruz Counties.
Kegley, S, L. Neumeister, and T. Martin. 1999. Disrupting the Balance:
50
Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in California. Report published by

76
The listed California Coastal population includes naturally spawned
spring & fall chinook in Sonoma County from the Russian River north.
50
The Central Valley Spring-Run, Fall/Late Fall Run, and Sacramento River 95
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.; SFEP 2005, Op. cit.; CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
Winter Run populations include sh traveling through San Francisco Bay
and Delta to spawning streams in the Central Valley. 96
USFWS 1984, Op. Cit.
77
The Central California Coast Population includes steelhead trout 97
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.
spawning from the Russian River, south to Soquel Creek, including San
Francisco and San Pablo Bay basins. 98
Hothem et al. 2000, Op. cit.
78
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1992. Designated Critical Habitat; 99
California Department of Fish and Game. 1995. Pesticide Laboratory
Sacramento River Winter-Run Chinook Salmon. 57 FR 36626, August 14, Report on Caspian Tern Eggs and Nest Cup Sediments from Elkhorn
1992. Slough. Lab No. P-1743, E.P. No. L-284-95, November 1995.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1997. Listing of Several
Evolutionary Signicant Units (ESUs) of West Coast Steelhead. 62 FR 100
AIMS 2005, Op. cit.
43937, August 18, 1997.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1999. Designated Critical Habitat; 101
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
Central California Coast and Southern Oregon/Northern California Coasts
Coho Salmon. 64 FR 24049, May 5, 1999. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1984. Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse and
102
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1999. Threatened Status for Two California Clapper Rail Recovery Plan.
Chinook Salmon Evolutionarily Signicant Units (ESUs) in California. 64
FR 50394, September 16, 1999. 103
California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 1997. Pesticides by
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2000. Threatened Status for One Species (Volume II): An Index to Pesticides that are used in Proximity to
Steelhead Evolutionarily Signicant Unit (ESU) in California. 65 FR 36074, Federally Listed, Proposed and Candidate Species in California by Active
June 7, 2000. Ingredient.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2000. Final Rule Governing Take
of 14 Threatened Salmon and Steelhead Evolutionarily Signicant Units 104
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Srvice. 1993. Effects of 16 Vertebrate Control
(ESUs). 65 FR 42422, July 10, 2000. Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Biological Opinion
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2001. Proposed Rule Governing issued in March, 1993.
Take of Four Threatened Evolutionarily Signicant Units (ESUs) of West
Coast Salmonids: California Central Valley Spring-run Chinook; California 105
California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 2003. 2003 Annual
Coastal Chinook; Northern California Steelhead; Central California Coast Pesticide Use Report Indexed by Chemical.
Coho. 66 FR 43150, August 17, 2001.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2002. Final Rule Governing Take 106
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2000. Final Rule to List the Santa
of Four Threatened Evolutionarily Signicant Units (ESUs) of West Coast Barbara County Distinct Population Segment of the California Tiger
Salmonids. 67 FR 1116, January 9, 2002. Salamander as Endangered. 65 FR 57242, 57259, September 21, 2000.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Final Rule to List the Sonoma
79
Larson, S.J. et al, Pesticides in Streams of the U.S.: Initial Results from County Distinct Population Segment of the California Tiger Salamander as
the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NWQA), USGS Water- Endangered. 68 FR 13497-13520, March 19, 2003.
Resources Investigation Report 98-4222, 1999.
107
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.; SFEP 2005, Op. cit.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 1996. Factors for Decline: A
80
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108
Under the Endangered Species Act. Threatened, and Endangered Plants and Animals of California 2000-2004.
U S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Pesticide Threats to

81 109
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Final Determination of Critical
Endangered Species: Case Studies. January 2004. Habitat for the California Red-legged Frog. 66 FR 14626, March 13, 2001.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Recovery Plan for the California
82
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Interim Reregistration Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii).
Eligibility Decision for Azinphos Methyl, October 30, 2001.
110
83
Dodson, J. J. and C. I. Mayeld. 1979. The Dynamics of and Behavioral
Toxicology of Aqua-Kleen (2,4-D Butoxyethanol Ester) as Revealed by Berrill, M., et al. 1993. Effects of Low Concentrations of Forest-Use
111
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American Fisheries Society 108:632-640. 13(4):657-664.
Wells, D. E. and A. A Cowan. 1982. Vertebral Dysplasia in Salmonids

84 112
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113
85
U.S. Geological Survey. 2004. National Water-Quality Assessment Status for the Giant Garter Snake. 58 FR 54053, October 20, 1993.
(NAWQA) Program, 1998-2000. Circulars 1144, 1159, 1161, 1215, 1216,
January 22, 2004. 114
CDFG 2005, Op. cit.
86
Moore, A. and C. P. Waring. 1996. Sublethal Effects of the Pesticide USFWS 1993, Op. cit.
115
Diazinon on Olfactory Function in Mature Male Atlantic Salmon Parr. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Draft Recovery Plan for the Giant
Journal of Fish Biology 48:758-775. Garter Snake (Thamnophis gigas).
87
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. and SFEP 2005, Op. cit. 116
California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 1995. Managing
Ricelands for Giant Garter Snakes. Brochure published by the California
88
Hothem, R. L. and A. N. Powell. 2000. Contaminants in Eggs of Western Department of Pesticide Regulation and the California Rice Industry
Snowy Plovers and California Least Terns: Is There a Link to Population Association. World wide web publication www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/es/espdfs/
Decline? Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (2000) 65:42-50. ggsbroch.pdf
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Western Snowy Plover
(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), Pacic Coast Population, Draft 117
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Recovery Plan.
118
89
119
California Department of Pesticide Regulation. 1997. Species by
90
USFWS 2001, Op. cit. Pesticide (Volume I): An Index to Pesticides That Are Used in Proximity to
Federally Listed, Proposed and Candidate Species in California by Active
91
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2001. Interim Ingredient.
Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Fenthion. EPA 738-R-00-013,
January 2001. 120
CDPR 2003, Op. cit.
92
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. 121
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Recovery Plan for the California
Freshwater Shrimp (Syncaris pacica Holmes 1895).
93
Eddleman, W. R., F. L. Knopf, B. Meanley, F. A. Reid, and R. Zembal.
1988. Conservation of North American Rallids. Wilson Bulletin 100(3), 122
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.
1988, pp. 458-475.
123
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1985. Delta Green Ground Beetle
94
AIMS 2005, Op. cit. (Elaphrus viridis) and Solano Grass (Tucloria mucronata) Recovery Plan.
Portland, OR. 68 pp.
51
124
California Department of Fish and Game. 2000. The Status of Rare, 147
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1984. San Bruno Eln/Mission Blue
Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants in California. Butteries Recovery Plan.
125
Avian Incident Monitoring System (AIMS). 2005. American Bird 148
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.
Conservancy and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. World wide web
publication www.abcbirds.org/aims/index.cfm. 149
126
CDPR 2003. Op. cit. 150
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Draft Recovery Plan for Behrens
127
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Final Rule to Remove the Silverspot Buttery (Speyeria zerene behrensii).
American Peregrine Falcon from the Federal List of Endangered and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Seven Coastal Plants and the
Threatened Wildlife, and to Remove the Similarity of Appearance Myrtles Silverspot Buttery Recovery Plan.
Provision for Free-ying Peregrines in the Conterminous United States.
Federal Register 64:46542-46558. 151
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.
128
USFWS 1999, Op. cit. 152
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletins for Marin and Sonoma
Counties.
129
CDFG 2000, Op. cit.
153
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Draft Recovery Plan for Chaparral
130
Jarman, W. M., S.A. Burns, C.E. Bacon, J. Rechtin, S. DeBenedetti, and Scrub Community Species East of San Francisco Bay, California.
J.L. Linthicum, and B.J. Walton. 1996. High Levels of HCB and DDE
Associated with Reproductive Failure in Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) 154
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for San Francisco County.
from California. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,
1996, v. 57, pp. 8-15. 155
CDFG 2005, Op. cit.
131
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. 156
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. Determination of Endangered
Status for Three Plants: Blennosperma bakeri (Sonoma Sunshine
132
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Aquatic Risk Assessment or Bakers Stickyseed), Lasthenia burkei (Burkes Goldelds), and
for Methyl Parathion. Appendix 5 - Aquatic and Terrestrial Incidents with Limnanthes vinculans (Sebastopol Meadowfoam). 56 FR 61173 61182,
Methyl Parathion. December 2, 1991.
AIMS 2005, Op. cit.
157
California Native Plant Society. 2005. Inventory of Rare and
133
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. Endangered Plants (online edition, v6-05c). World wide web publication
www.cnps.org/inventory.
134
CDPR 2003. Op. cit.
158
CDFG 2005, Op. cit.
135
USFWS 1993. Op. cit.
159
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletins for Alameda, Santa Clara
136
CDPR 2003, Op. cit. and San Mateo Counties.
137
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Potential Risks of Nine 160
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletins for Marin and Sonoma
Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals: A Comparative Approach. Counties.
Ofce of Pesticides Programs Environmental Fate and Effects Division,
July 2004. 161
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Recovery Plan for Upland Status for Ten Plants and Threatened Status for Two Plants from
Species of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Serpentine Habitats in the San Francisco Bay Region of California. 60 FR
6671 6685, February 3, 1995.
138
Hegdal, P. L., K. A. Fagerston, T. A. Gatz, J. F. Glahn, and G. H.
Matshchke. 1986. Hazards to Wildlife Associated with 1080 Baiting for 162
California Ground Squirrels. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14:11-21. Status for Two Tidal Marsh Plants Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophioum
Schitoskey, F., Jr. 1975. Primary and Secondary Hazards of Three (Suisun Thistle) and Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis (Soft Birds-Beak)
Rodenticides to Kit Fox. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:416-418. From the San Francisco Bay Area of California. 62 FR 61916 61925,
Wallace, L. T. 1976. Current Evaluation of the Use of Sodium November 20, 1997.
Monouoroacetate (Compound 1080) for Ground Squirrel Control in Areas
Inhabited by the San Joaquin Kit Fox. Unpublished memo to California 163
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Recovery Plan for Serpentine Soil
County Agricultural Commissioners. Species of the San Francisco Bay Area.
139
Orloff, S., L. Spiegel, and F. Hall. 1986. Distribution and habitat 164
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Sonoma County.
requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of
its range. Western Section Wildlife Society (CAL-NEV) Conference 165
Transactions 22:6070.
166
USFWS 1995, Op. cit.; USFWS 1998, Op. cit.
140
Status for the Callippe Silverspot Buttery and the Behrens Silverspot 167
Buttery and Threatened Status for the Alameda Whipsnake. 62 FR Status for Two Larkspurs from Coastal Northern California. 65 FR 4156,
64306, December 5, 1997 January 26, 2000.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Draft Recovery Plan for Chaparral
and Scrub Community Species East of San Francisco Bay, California. 168
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Santa Clara County.
141
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Antioch Dunes National Wildlife 169
USFWS 1995, Op. cit.; CNPS 2005, Op. cit.; California Department of
Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan. California/Nevada Fish and Game. 1992. Annual Report on the Status of California State
Refuge Planning Ofce, Sacramento, CA. Listed Threatened and Endangered Animals and Plants; McGuire, T., and
S. Morey. 1992. Report to the Fish and Game Commission on the Status
142
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Conservation Guidelines for the of San Mateo Woolly Sunower (Eriophyllum latilobum). Natural Heritage
Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle. Division. Status Report 92-1.
143
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Recovery Plan for Serpentine Soil USFWS 1998, Op. cit.
170
Species of the San Francisco Bay Area. California Department of Fish and Game. 1997. Recovery Workshop
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Final Determination of Critical Summary: Bay Area Serpentine Plants. Plant Conservation Program,
Habitat for the Bay Checkerspot Buttery (Euphydryas editha bayensis). Sacramento, CA.
66 Fed. Reg. 21450, April 30, 2001.
171
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Final Designation of Critical
144
USFWS 2001, Op. cit. Habitat for Holocarpha macradenia (Santa Cruz Tarplant). 67 FR 63967
64007, October 16, 2002.
145
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.
172
146
CDPR 1997, Op. cit.
52
173
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Draft Recovery Plan for Vernal U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies and pesticide use
Pool Ecosystems of California and Southern Oregon. 69 FR 67602, recommendations for the general public are largely taken from the
November 18, 2004. Pesticide Action Network North America 1999 report, Disrupting the
Balance: Ecological Impacts of Pesticides in California.
174
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Sonoma County
175
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Sonoma and Napa
Counties.
176
177
178
USFWS 2004, Op. cit.; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2005. Species
Account Colusa Grass (Neostapa colusana). World wide web
publication http://sacramento.fws.gov/es/plant_spp_accts/colusa_grass.
htm/.
179
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Napa County.
180
CDFG 2005, Op. cit.
181
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Napa County.
182
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Final Rule Listing Five Plants
from Monterey County, CA, as Endangered or Threatened. 63 FR 43100,
August 12, 1998; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Recovery Plan for
Five Plants from Monterey County, California.
183
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Sonoma County.
184
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletin for Santa Clara County.
USEPA. 1999. Interim Measures Bulletins for Marin, Sonoma, Napa

185
and Solano Counties.

186
187
7 U.S.C 136-136y.
188
7 U.S.C. 136d(b).
189
50 C.F.R. 402.16 (reinitiation of consultation).
190
50 C.F.R. 222.102.
191
16 U.S.C. 1536(o)(2).
192
Comment Letter from Everett Wilson, Fish and Wildlife Service, Chief,
Division of Environmental Quality to Stacy Mila, EPA, Product Manager,
Special Review and Reregistration Division (July 26, 2002).
193
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Unpublished comments on EPAs
risk assessment for diazinon (July 20, 2000).
194
Comment Letter from Everett Wilson, Fish and Wildlife Service, Chief,
Division of Environmental Quality to Kimberly Nesci Lowe, EPA, Chemical
Review Manager, Public Information and Records Integrity Branch (June
27, 2002).
195
Comment Letter from Jerry Brubander, Fish and Wildlife Service,
Oklahoma State Supervisor to Andrea Beard, EPA, Acting Section Head,
Registration Support Branch (July 7, 1995).
196
54 Fed. Reg. 27984 (July 3, 1989).
197
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2002. ESA 7 Consultation
Biological Opinion re: Travis Tyrrell Seed Orchard. December 18, 2002.
National Marine Fisheries Service. 2002. ESA 7 Consultation
Biological Opinion re: Effects of Herbicide Treatment of Noxious Weeds
on Lands Administered by the Salmon-Challis National Forest. September
16, 2002.
198
See for example, National Marine Fisheries Service. 2004. Re:
Endangered Species Act Section 7 Informal Consultation for 28 Pesticide
Registrations. Unpublished letter dated April 2004, obtained by Freedom
of Information Act.
199
Hayes, T.B., et al. 2002. Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after
exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. April 16, 2002, Vol.99, Issue 8, 5476-5480.
200
FIFRA Scientic Advisory Panel. 2003. June 17-20, 2003: Potential
Developmental Effects of Atrazine on Amphibians.
*
The following policy recommendations for the California and
53
Center for Biological Diversity Pesticides Reform Campaign
T he Centers Pesticides Reform Campaign is intended to hold the EPA accountable for pesticides it registers for
public use, and to cancel or restrict use of harmful pesticides within endangered species habitats. The Pesticides
Reform Campaign provides analysis of pesticide impacts on endangered species and education about the threats toxic
pesticides pose to wildlife and human health. A key component of this campaign is the Centers 2004 report detailing
the failure of the EPA to regulate pesticides harmful to endangered species and this report on pesticide impacts to Bay
Area endangered species. The Center is also ling a series of strategic legal challenges against the EPA to compel it
to adhere to federal environmental law when registering pesticides. The legal actions seek EPA compliance regarding
pesticide impacts to specic imperiled species and also programmatic changes in the agencys registration process.
The Center and other conservation groups have been forced to le numerous lawsuits to attempt to compel the EPA
to consult on pesticide impacts to endangered species. The Center led litigation in 2002 challenging approval of 250
pesticides that may aect the California red-legged frog. A federal court found in September of 2005 that the EPA
violated the Endangered Species Act by registering 66 of these pesticides for use without considering how they might
impact the continued existence of the red-legged frog. In January of 2006 the Center led a legal motion asking the
court to prohibit use of the pesticides in and adjacent to core red-legged frog habitats until formal consultation is
completed. The requested injunction would apply within and immediately adjacent to ponds, streams and wetlands
within core recovery areas, encompassing 160 yard pesticide-free buers for aerial applications to prevent pesticide
drift and 80 yard buers for ground applications to prevent runo. The motion also asks for consumer hazard warnings
where the pesticides are sold, so consumers can protect red-legged frogs.
More information about the Centers Pesticides Reform Campaign can be found at
http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/programs/science/pesticides/index.html
54
March 16, 2010
Supervisor Rich Gordon, President, Board of Supervisors

Supervisor Mark Church
Supervisor Carole Groom
Supervisor Rose Jacobs Gibson
Supervisor Adrienne Tissier
Re: Roadside Spraying with Herbicides
Dear Rich and Members of the Board,
On behalf of Committee for Green Foothills, I am writing to ask that the Board of Supervisors
direct the Department of Public Works to adhere to its adopted Watershed Protection
Maintenance Standards that have been in place since April, 2004. Apparently these standards
have not been followed this past winter by some of the Departments maintenance crews. Residents
of the coastside have reported the crews spraying herbicides alongside County maintained roads
most troublingly - during the rainy season. The residents have photographed and documented
several locations where herbicides were applied to vegetation in ditches that had standing water in
them. This unfortunately allows herbicides to be transported from the ditches into our streams, in
contravention of the Countys Watershed Protection Program and its Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Program.
San Mateo County Department of Public Works has been recognized by the National Marine
Fisheries Service, the California Department of Fish and Game and the Regional Water Quality
Control Board for its achievements in implementing Maintenance Standards that protect sensitive
resources, including streams, lakes, and other waterbodies.
The Countys Watershed Protection Program Maintenance Standards, April, 2004, are
available on the County Department of Public Works website. The section on Vegetation
Management states (in relevant part):
Herbicides: Herbicides shall not be applied during wet or rainy weather due to the potential for
discharge into a water body. Herbicides shall not be broadcast sprayed but shall be selectively
sprayed at the plants targeted for removal. (page 59)
Roadsides and Ditches: Vegetation on shoulders, berms, and unpaved (earthen) ditches shall be
mowed as described in Mowing below. Low grasses are highly desirable in earthen roadside
ditches as they filter pollutants from stormwater runoff, and reduce the velocity of flows thereby
reducing the erosive forces. (page 62)
Mowing: Roadside vegetation (i.e., grasses, vines, brush) is mowed throughout the year to
maintain sight distance and reduce fire hazards to County roads. (page 62)
3921 E. Bayshore Road 650.968.7243 PHONE info@GreenFoothills.org

Palo Alto, CA 94303 650.968.8431 FAX www.GreenFoothills.org
Committee for Green Foothills
March 16, 2010
Page 2 of 2
Special precautions shall be taken to avoid mowing endangered or sensitive plant species as
described at the beginning of this section. (page 63)
Since 2004, there have been major changes in personnel at the Department of Public Works. CGF
is concerned that the Department, which invested a great deal of time and resources into developing
these policies, has had an institutional memory lapse.
CGF would like to see San Mateo County become a leader in reducing - to the maximum extent
possible - the Countys use of herbicides, for reasons of human health, health of our watersheds, and
wildlife protection. We would be glad to work with relevant county departments to assess whether
further programs will help achieve this goal.
In the meantime, we urge your Board to ask for a report from Public Works on roadside
maintenance practices.
Thank you for consideration of this request.
Sincerely,
Lennie Roberts, Legislative Advocate

Committee for Green Foothills
cc: Jim Porter, Director of Public Works

From: Karen McBride [mailto:KMcBride@rcac.org] Sent: Monday,
November 01, 2010 11:23 AM To: Catherine Peery Cc: 'Matt
Jacobs' Subject: RE: feasibility study revision money

Great. Ill work with you and Marina on the app process and see what
we can do. Also, I have been notified by our RCAC Loan Dept
(Remember you and peter worked with Cindy from our loan dept as
we tried to get you an RCAC loan for the $25 first) that they have
$10,000 Grant to give to one of our projects. I just got off a team call
and the manager announced that RCAC has 2 grants for $10,000 each
for GREEEN projects. When I spoke to peter, he said he was going to
incorporate GREEN into the revision. So Im going to out in my 2 cents
for this as they are asking those interested that have a GREEN project
to apply and the CEO and Loan Dept will review and award. I will cc
you on this and maybe we can be $10,000 closer and only ask $15,000
for the CDBG.

Karen D. McBride Rural Community Assistance Corporation Rural
Development Specialist-Environmental Office (916) 447-9832 ext
1012 Cell (916) 549-3265 www.rcac.org www.rcap.org
Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC) provides

technical assistance, training and financing so rural communities
achieve their goals and visions.

From: Catherine Peery [mailto:catherine@ben-e-fit.com] Sent: Monday,
November 01, 2010 10:46 AM To: Karen McBride Cc: 'Matt
Jacobs' Subject: feasibility study revision money

Karen,

I verified with Marina Yu that CDBG grant money is available for this,
and that the next round of funding availability, which will begin
around Dec 1st, due around the 3rd week in January, would be a good
time to apply for this.

Catherine Peery
d: 650-879-0150; f: 650-879-1847
toll free: 888-879-1846 x 101
catherine@ben-e-fit.com
www.ben-e-fit.com

From: "Catherine Peery" <catherine@ben-e-fit.com>
To: "'PMAC Members'" <pmac@pescaderocouncil.org>
Subject: FW: Meeting 11/2 re. roadside spraying in SMC
See below.
Catherine Peery
d: 650-879-0150; f: 650-879-1847
toll free: 888-879-1846 x 101
catherine@ben-e-fit.com
www.ben-e-fit.com
-----Original Message-----
From: Patty Mayall [mailto:pomzoo@yahoo.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 27, 2010 7:26 PM
To: Catherine Peery
Subject: Fw: Meeting 11/2 re. roadside spraying in SMC
Greetings Catherine,
I hope that you are well and wanted to give you an update on our efforts to
uphold our no spray zone in the La Honda area, and hopefully to expand the
zones with the support of the Environmental Quality Committee. The EQC will
be meeting on Nov.2nd, 2-3 pm, and this issue will probably be on the agenda
which will be out tomorrow, and we are meeting with Supervisor Tissier and
Sup. Church's aide at 1:30-2 the same day at the Board of Sup. office.
If you are interested, you are welcome to join us. Supervisor Gordon wants
to get this to the Board of Supervisors before he leaves office, and I will
be sending out an email to let you and others know about this in the next
month asking people to contact the board for their support of expanding the
no spray zones.
With gratitude for your support,
Patty Mayall
650-851-1902
--- On Wed, 10/27/10, Patty Mayall <pomzoo@yahoo.com> wrote:
From: Patty Mayall <pomzoo@yahoo.com>

Subject: Fw: Meeting 11/2 re. roadside spraying in SMC
To: "Adrienne Tissier" <atissier@co.sanmateo.ca.us>
Date: Wednesday, October 27, 2010, 9:32 PM
From: Patty Mayall <pomzoo@yahoo.com>
Dear Supervisor Tissier,
I am deeply grateful that Lorraine has scheduled for us to meet on

Nov. 2nd at 1:30 regarding local
efforts
to end the DPW practice of herbicide spraying along unincorporated
SMC roads. The Environmental Quality Committee is moving forward
with plans on this issue
which
the Board of Supervisors may be reviewing soon. To
update
you, I have attached my letter and Lennie Roberts'
letter to
DPW Director Jim Porter (and to the BoS earlier this
year),
along with another local resident's formal request
for
disclosure when the DPW was not telling her what
chemicals
were sprayed on her road this past year.
I don't mean to inundate you with too much

information, but
the attached Center for Biological Diversity's Bay
Area
Pesticide Report describes some of the reasons why so
many
of us want to see this widespread, roadside spraying end. Our
drinking water wells, residents' health,
and
the health of our watershed are not worth the
potential risks to many
of us, and we have only asked that the spraying end
and that
the more effective practice of mowing continue. I
have
always valued the crucial work of the DPW and have successfully
worked with them in the past, but this
year was
a different story. So, I greatly appreciate the
help
of Supervisor Gordon and Supervisor Groom, as well as
your
attention on this matter.
If you would like any additional information, please

just
let me know.
I look forward to meeting with you on November 2nd.
With gratitude,
Patty Mayall
650-851-1902
IMMEDIATE DISCLOSURE REQUEST

Todays Date: April 9, 2010
REQUEST FOR PUBLIC RECORDS: IMMEDIATE DISCLOSURE REQUEST
To: Custodian of Records: Transportation Department, San Mateo County Road Services Division
752 Chestnut Street
Phone: 650-363-4103

Name of Requester: Anneliese Agren
650-224-6313
anneliese.agren@gmail.com

Subject or Item Requested: Reports of herbicide spray activity in unincorporated San Mateo County for
2010 to include the following information:
Historic: What herbicide product(s) was sprayed, Quantity of herbicide product transported to spray
corridors/sites, Quantity of herbicide product sprayed, a list of any other products sprayed, Locations of
herbicide spray activity, Dates of herbicide spray activity, and weather reports used by San Mateo
County Road Services Division to determine the dates when herbicide spray activity was scheduled.
Future: What product(s) will be sprayed, Quantity of product to be transported to spray corridors/sites,
Quantity of herbicide product to be sprayed, a list of any other products sprayed, Locations of
future/scheduled herbicide spray activity, Dates of future/scheduled herbicide spray activity, and
weather reports used by San Mateo County Road Services Division to determine the dates when
herbicide spray activity was scheduled.
My interest in this matter is purely as a community participant - I am not representing any party
involved and I am concerned about the lack of openness in this process to date. I think roadside
herbicide spray causes environmental harm, and I am concerned about the transparency of San Mateo
Countys Road Services Divisions transparency in the use and application of herbicidal products as part
of the roadside vegetation management. I would much rather see San Mateo Countys Road Services
Division mow roadsides once a year and cease to use herbicidal broadcast spray.
I request that an estimate of cost be performed before incurring it and that all materials be provided
online for public access so that no cost needs to be incurred for copies or postage. If only copies may be
provided, then I would rather pick them up than have them mailed.
I am happy to volunteer some of my technology expertise and time to assist in this process.
Anneliese Agren
*Immediate Disclosure Requests: (Requests satisfied no later than the close of business on the day following the day of the request.) This
deadline shall apply only if the words "Immediate Disclosure Request" are placed across the top of the request and on the envelope, subject
line, or cover sheet in which the request is transmitted.

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From: "Trish Chapman" <tchapman@scc.ca.gov>
Date: December 13, 2010 8:58:07 AM PST
To: <alleybio@cruzio.com>, <amy_fowler@dot.ca.gov>, "'Andy
Gunther'" <gunther@cemar.org>, <Bill@WilliamHCook.com>,
<Bob_Curry@csumb.edu>, <bruce@stillwatersci.com>, "'Carmen
Fewless'" <CFewless@waterboards.ca.gov>, <catherine@ben-e-
fit.com>, <cclark@mlml.calstate.edu>, <cfoster@valleywater.org>,
<colors@cruzio.com>, "'Curt Storlazzi'" <cstorlazzi@usgs.gov>,
<dougr@water.ca.gov>, <DSicular@esassoc.com>,
<ENV033@co.santa-cruz.ca.us>, <gneillands@dfg.ca.gov>,
<greg@khe-inc.com>, <j.haltiner@pwa-ltd.com>,
<JAbel@valleywater.org>, "'James Ponton'"
<JPonton@waterboards.ca.gov>, "'Jerry Smith'"
<smithj@email.sjsu.edu>, "'Joanne Kerbavaz'" <jkerb@parks.ca.gov>,
<Joel_Casagrande@csumb.edu>, "'John Klochak'"
<john_klochak@fws.gov>, <jwcox@waterboards.ca.gov>, "'Kate
Symonds'" <Kate_Symonds@fws.gov>, <Kate_Symonds@fws.gov>,
<katebee@pacbell.net>, <kellyx@sanmateorcd.org>,
<kevin@swansonh2o.com>, "'Kit Crump'" <kit.crump@noaa.gov>,
"'Kristine Atkinson'" <KAtkinson@dfg.ca.gov>,
<ksmith@valleywater.org>, <lennie@greenfoothills.org>, "'Michael
Napolitano'" <MNapolitano@waterboards.ca.gov>,
<MJacobs@co.sanmateo.ca.us>, <mmar@earthlink.net>,
<mpodlech@sbcglobal.net>, <mwhitman@dfg.ca.gov>,
<Neil@stillwatersci.com>, "'Nicole Beck'" <nbeck@2ndnatureinc.com>,
<Patrick.Rutten@noaa.gov>, <paul_holmes@dot.ca.gov>,
<reynoldsjim@earthlink.net>, "'Ruby Pap'" <rpap@coastal.ca.gov>,
<sean.hayes@noaa.gov>, <sgerc@sanmateo.org>,
<sheriolliges@yahoo.com>, <tajackson@dfg.ca.gov>, "'Tim Frahm'"
<timfrahm@hotmail.com>, "'Tom Taylor'" <TTaylor@entrix.com>,
<zooey@stillwatersci.com>, "'Katherine Smetak'"
<smetak@cemar.org>, "'Janet Diehl'" <jdiehl@scc.ca.gov>, "Kate
Goodnight" <kgoodnight@scc.ca.gov>, "'Jim Robins'"
<JROBINS@ALNUS-ECO.COM>
Subject: Proceedings from Dec 2008 Pescadero Marsh
Restoration Forum
All

A%ached please nd the document C onsidera*ons for Restora*on of
Pescadero M arsh, a report based on the proceedings of the December
2008 public forum: Restora?on of Pescadero Marsh: Iden?fying Problems
and Exploring Solu?ons. This document was prepared by the Center for
Ecosystem Management and Restora?on with funding from the State
Coastal Conservancy and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Please note that
prepara?on of this report was delayed for many months due to the Dec
2008 freeze on State-bond-funded projects.

An early draR of this document was circulated to members of the
Pescadero Marsh Working Group as well as forum speakers for review and
comment. Some reviewers provided comments on issues that were
signicantly dierent than those expressed at the forum and that
presented signicantly more controversy around a number of issues than
was expressed at the forum. It seemed important to capture these
comments in this document; therefore, the report goes beyond a summary
of the forum proceedings and tries to also summarize the follow up
comments and discussions. The original draR of the document was
signicantly revised based on comments received. Appendix 2 of the
document provides a table of all comments received along with a response
to each comment.

Unfortunately, the conclusion of this document is that there remains
signicant disagreement among key stakeholders about how to move
forward with restora?on at Pescadero Marsh.

Please forward this document to anyone who might be interested.

Trish

------------------------------------------
Trish Chapman
Central Coast Regional Manager
Coastal Conservancy
1330 Broadway, Suite 1300
Oakland, CA 94612
(510) 286-0749
tchapman@scc.ca.gov

Co
onsid
deraationns foor
Rest
R torattion
n of tthe Pescadeero
Mar
M rsh
A Report Baseed upon the Proceedings
P of the Decembber 2008 Publlic Forum Resstoration of P
Pescader
Maarsh: Identifyiing Problems and Explorinng Solutions
12/9/20010
Prrepared for th
he Pescadero
o Marsh Wo orking Groupp. Funding pprovided by tthe California Coas
Consservancy and
Prrepared for th
he Pescadero
o Marsh Wo orking Groupp. Funding pprovided by tthe California Coas
Consservancy and
RCAC Green Project
Pescadero, San Mateo County
November 10, 2010
Background
The community of Pescadero first came to our attention through RCAC CEO Stan Keasling after
attending a USDA/RD meeting in the area and meeting some of the local community contacts. A
follow up contact was made to the Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco where
background information was gathered as to the needs of the community. The following
background narrative was supplied by the San Mateo County Director of Public Works:
The town of Pescadero is located in the unincorporated portion of San Mateo. Currently, each
parcel has its own individual septic system. Presently there are estimated to be 78 residential
and 16 onsite wastewater systems in the community. The community does not have a
centralized sewer collection, treatment system in the community. In 2004, the California
Regional Water Quality Control board issues Resolution 04-R2-0088 supporting a 2004 Public
Health Declaration by the County of San Mateo Health Department that the soil and high
groundwater conditions in the community are inadequate for treatment of septic wastewater
from the existing residences and businesses in the community. And that this condition was
resulting in a threat to public health. Based on this resolution and the County Public Works
Department completed a Facilities Planning Report for the Pescadero Community Sewer
project. The Facilities Plan presented a recommended plan for installing a centralized sewer,
treatment and disposal system; however, the proposed projects were cost prohibitive and
determined infeasible by the Community. Subsequently, the Community has identified several
alternative site locations; treatment and wastewater reuse options that may significantly
reduce the cost of the project. The County is seeking funds to complete a Facilities Plan Update
to consider and evaluate the new options identified by the community. In summary, the
proposed improvements will include a new centralized sanitary sewer system, a wastewater
treatment plant, and land disposal system.
Green Project Scope
Fall Creek Engineering proposes the update to include Green elements in the following area;
irrigation of the school playfield, as source water for local nurseries, greenhouses and
agricultural fields in close proximity to town center, consider the reuse of treated effluent as
part of a new fire suppression system for the community.
Funding
The dilemma of the project has been every funding option has been eliminated mostly for the
reason that the Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council (PMAC) does not have non-profit status
therefore the County would have to act on behalf of the community as the borrower. While the
PMAC continues to move forward with obtaining 501c3 status, they fall behind in resolving
their needed wastewater system upgrade and reuse projects.
Award Benefits
If awarded the seed amount of $10,000 the PMAC would be in a better position to leverage
additional funds of $15,000 in Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) from San Mateo
County for the needed total of $25,000 as well as;
RCAC would be complementing San Mateo counties effort in resolving the obstacle of
revising the wastewater design to a more affordable Green design for the community
RCAC would be paving the path for allowing a big picture approach for wastewater
planning for both Pescadero and the nearby farm worker community of Puente which is
currently being served by RCAC Housing staff
RCAC would be establishing a joint effort partnership with the County of San Mateo on
resolving one communities need for CDBG funding
Pescadero would establish healthier environmental goals by setting up Green planning

for future community projects
Budget
A total of $25,000 is needed for the revision of the wastewater treatment and disposal design.
$10,000 Grant form RCAC
$15,000 Grant from San Mateo County
The total would be for Fall Creek Engineering services to include alternative sites for a new
wastewater treatment system, some additional wastewater treatment schemes and additional
options for effluent reuse and disposal.

2010 Pescadero Council History and Handouts

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2010 Pescadero Council History and Handouts

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PESCADERO MUNICIPAL ADVISORY COUNCIL (PMAC)

MEETING NOTICE AND PROPOSED AGENDA

Tuesday, January 12, 2010, 7:30 PM,

1. CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL, CHANGES TO ORDER OF AGENDA

Quality Training linked to green industries

The Green Jobs Academy is a 16 week program designed to serve low

8 weeks of Academy Training in Cohorts of 25 participants at 20 hours

8 weeks of Transitional Employment (20-40 hours per week). The

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 3

Best personal regards,

P.S. We are a 501(c)(3) Charitable Corporation

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 5

Again, we especially appreciate your support of South Coast Childrens Services.

Catherine M. Peery, Chair,

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 6

Follow CDFA on Twitter: www.twitter.com/cdfanews

APPLICATION WORKSHOPS SCHEDULED FOR 2010 SPECIALTY CROP

SACRAMENTO, January 7, 2010 The California Department of Food and

Workshops will be held in the following locations:

January 11, 2010 (Monday) 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

January 12, 2010 (Tuesday) 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 7

January 13, 2010 (Wednesday) 10 a.m. to 12 p.m.

January 14, 2010 (Thursday) 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

The California Department of Food and Agriculture protects and promotes

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 8

>>> "Catherine Peery" <catherine@ben-e-fit.com> 12/28/2009 10:27 AM >>>

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 9

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 10

Sonrisas Dental Clinic

The Coordinated County Services to Pescadero/South South Coast Working Group

Enhancing Awareness of Medical and Social Service Issues

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 13

Activity 1-3 Convene a series of one-on-one meetings with medical

Activity 1-4 Hold one Parenting Class (Strengthening Multi-Ethnic Families

Activity 1-7 Activities to provide education to residents for prevention and

Improving Access and Linkages to Resources

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 14

Activity 2-3 Identify health gap for residents of South Coast.

Activity 2-5 Investigate ways to increase insurance accessibility, include

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 15

Increasing Capacity of County and Community Resources

Activity 3-1 Increase capacity of medical services by increasing Mobile

Activity 3-2 Increase capacity of County nutritional services.

Activity 3-3 Increase language capacity of County departments.

Activity 3-4 Support Touchpoints and/or other parent support groups to

Activity 3-5 Expand RotaCare services to Pescadero and/or South Coast,

Activity 3-6 Expand services by Fire Department personnel to include blood

Activity 3-7 Submit proposal to the California HealthCare Foundation for

Activity 3-8 Invite CALFire/EMS units in rural/Coastside ares to BHRS Crisis

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 16

Bridging the Geographic Isolation

Activity 4-1 Increase alternatives to transport residents to routine medical

Activity 4-2 Expand access to dental services through mobile clinic.

Total of 9 regular meetings and 2 ad hoc meetings; 11 meetings total.

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 18

Belinda Arriaga Behavioral Health Puente de la Costa Sur 5

Linda Holman Self Sufficiency Human Services Agency 3

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 19

Julia McKeon Puente de la Costa Sur 2

Kate Meyer-Haas Pescadero Municipal Advisory 8

Lorraine Moriarty Society of St. Vincent de Paul 3

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 20

www.pescaderocouncil.org Handouts 01/12/2010 Page 21