Introduction, Potential of hydropower in India- its development and future prospect.

General
hydrology-hydrological cycle, precipitation, run-off and its measurement, hydrography, unit
hydrograph, flow duration and mass curve. Site investigations. Classification of hydroelectric
power plants. Pondage and storage.

Hydro power station:Schematic arrangement, advantages and disadvantages, choice of site

constituents of hydro power plant, Hydro turbine. Environmental aspects for selecting the sites
and locations of hydro power stations

Operating principles of different types of hydel plants like run-off-the-river type. Storage
reservoir plant-pumped storage plant. Design, construction and operation of different
components: Dams, spillways, Canals, penstocks, surge tanks, draft tubes etc; Power house
structure.

Selection of prime mover, speed and pressure regulation, methods of governing, starting and
stopping of water turbines, operation of hydro turbines. Machine loading and frequency control,
Maintenance of hydropower plants

2. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

2.1 Classify hydroelectric power plants based on the available head of water, plant
capacity, load and construction.
2.2 Draw the general layout of low, medium, high and pumped storage hydro power plant.
2.3 List the factors to be considered for selection of site
2.4 List the main components of hydro electric power plant.
2.4.1 Briefly explain the main components catchment area, reservoir, forebay,
dam, spillway, trash rack, surge tank, penstock, prime mover, alternator, draft
tube and tail race.
2.4.2 Explain the meaning of water hammer and its effect.
2.5 Classify hydraulic turbines based on working principle, water head, flow and their
application.
2.5.1 Compare impulse and reaction turbines used in Hydro power plant.
2.5.2 Explain with diagram the principle, construction and working of pelton wheel
single jet and multi jet types.*

2.5.3 Explain with diagram the principle, construction and working of Francis

turbine.*
2.5.4 Explain with diagram the principle, construction and working of Kaplan
turbine.*
2.5.5 Explain with diagram, the construction and working of accessories-Nozzle,
Draft tube types and governor (only block diagram showing valve, prime
mover, alternator, feedback and controller)*
2.6 List the merits and demerits of Hydro power plant.
2.7 Briefly explain Hydrograph and its use.*
2.7.1 Estimate the electrical power that can be generated from available head of
 water and discharge. Simple problems on above (2.7.1: B.R.Gupta, page 130
and 134)

2.8 List the major Hydro power plants in Karnataka with their plant capacity.
2.9 Explain the importance of Hydro Energy and its scope in India.