Respiratory System #1

1918-1920: H1N5 (swine flu) (spanish) killed so many people, especially kids
- H: hemagglutinin
- N: neuraMinidase
Type: Zoonotic virus
Virus usually go to the upper lungs

380 million years old - lungfish , coelacanth (first breathing animal)

All of life evolved in water, from the first bacteria extracting oxygen from the water, through their
membrane
Diffusion: when a material automatically flows from where its concentration is HIgh, to where it's Low so it
balances out (anything bigger than a worm is to complicated to use diffusion)

Majer Parts for respiration system

1. Trachea
2. Lungs
3. Ribs
4. Diaphragm
 Respiratory system/Circulatory System

Respiratory system and Circulatory System work together

Bulk Flow + Diffusion = Cellular Respiration (life itself)

One of the keys to efficient diffusion of any materials is distance

- Diffusion is limited by distant, closer they are, the better
Diffusion alone isn't enough to get the job done
BUlk Flow: moves large numbers of molecules, quickly (is a movement of molecules from an area of
high pressure to an area of low pressure)
Every deep breath you're bringing a hundred quintillion oxygen molecules into your lungs at once

Oxygen Molecules filter down into -> cells in your lungs -> diffuse across 4 layers of membrane -> blood
Respiratory system is setup to take full advantage of both Bulk Flow and Simple Diffusion
Lungs doesn't have any muscles because it needs to expand
Diaphragm: A big, thin set of muscles that separates your thorax from your abdomen
(External, internal , intercostal and diaphragm muscles help the lung work)
Lungs empty -> diaphragm relaxes
Weight of rib cage -> pushing your lungs from top and side = decrease the volume of your lungs
 1. Breath in -> Diaphragm contracts, pulling itself flat -> external intercostal muscle between your
ribs contract -> lift ribs up and out -> chest cavity to expand => the pressure inside your lungs lower
than the air outside your body -> (gas like to move from high to low pressure = lungs to fill up w/
outside air
2. Breath out -> diaphragm relaxes -> weight of ribs settle in -> the pressure inside your lungs become
higher than the air outside your body = air rushed out
PNEUmothorax: hole in your lung
If you have a Hole in Diaphragm, you die

Conducting Zone

1. Nose: It warms and moistens incoming air, So it doesnt dry out those sensitive lung cells that
must remain wet
2. Pharynx: throat (passage for food/air)
3. Larynx: Contains vocal cords
4. EPiglottis: A little trap door of tissue that covers the Larynx (L top of trachea tube)
5. Esophagus: A flexible tube that food and drink goes down to your stomach
6. Trachea: A rigid/ prominent ring tube that air goes to your lungs (rings help it be open when the
pressures drop)
7. Bronchi:
 Respiratory Zone
- The respiratory zone includes the bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Bronchus -> (smaller) bronchioles -> (small narrow tubes) alveolar duct -> alveolar sacs ->alveoli (simple
squamous epithelium tissue) -> oxygen molecules dissolve, diffuse across the epithelial Cells -> cross the
single layer of Endothelial Cells lining the capillaries to enter the bloodstream
C02 diffuses out of the blood -> same route back up

- Lungs have about 700 million Alveoli (75 square meter of moist membrane surface area)

That's all folks for part one

Respiratory System #2