CHAPTER 7
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Sub topics
adjectives (adjective of quality, adjective of quantity, possessive
adjective, article adjective, verbal adjective)
Adjective
An adjective (from Latin adiicere, add to) is a class of words that is used to
modify or explain a noun or pronoun. In general, an adjective comes before the
noun or pronoun it modifies, but sometimes it occurs after the noun or pronoun
(following a verb to be). There are several types of adjective, i.e. adjective of
quality, adjective of quantity, possessive adjective, article adjective, and verbal
adjective.
Adjective of quality
Examples:
1. Hot chilli pepper is more expensive than sweet chilli pepper during the past
three years.
2. Farmers in Kayu Aro are growing new potato variety.
3. The big bunch of banana is produced by plants growing on fertile soil.
4. Many of tropical crops originated from South Asia and Central Asia.
5. Cacti grow abundantly in arid soils of a desert.
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Adjective of quantity
Examples:
1. There are five mangosteen in the basket.
2. Some farmers are discussing the irrigation system in the village.
3. Most of Indonesian farmers are poor and uneducated.
4. Many of tropical crops originated from South Asia and Central Asia.
5. Agricultural students will take a field trip to Bangko in a few days.
Possessive adjective
Examples:
1. Our farms are located around the village.
2. We want to see her tobacco crops attacked by TMV virus.
3. Budis father is driving his new tractor.
4. Your garden looks very beautiful.
5. They are using the planting equipments of their own.
Article adjective
Examples:
1. The technical irrigation system increases rice production by three times.
2. I dont want to eat those mangoes because they are too sour.
3. Do you want to bring these strawberries home?
4. Jono is going to rent a hand tractor.
5. My father is an agricultural extension officer.
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Verbal adjective
Verbal adjective is an adjective derived from a verb. There are two types
of verbal adjective: 1) in the form of present participle (-ing form), and 2) in the
form of past participle (-ed form).
Examples:
1. The drying method of wet paddy using solar energy is much cheaper than
using machine.
2. Farmers in Australia use harvesting machine to pick up their mango fruits.
3. On an irrigated field we may have three times rice planting a year.
4. An effective way of preventing plant pest and disease is by applying blended
chemicals.
5. An improved rice variety will allow farmers to obtain better production.
Adverb
Adverb (Latin: adverbium) has several functions, i.e. it explains verbs,
explains adjectives, and explains other adverbs or the entire grammatical
constructions. In general, an adverb is formed by adding ly to an adjective,
such as simultaneous simultaneously, active actively, and high highly.
However, there are some words ended with ly but functioning as adjectives,
such as early, neighborly, ad wifely. On the other hand, words such as: very,
much, many, little, few, so, too, often, always, seldom, and there, which are not
ended with ly are adverbs. There are also some words that can function as an
adjective in one time, and also function as an adverb in other time, such as:
long, fast, good, etc. Observe the following examples.
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Students activity
The following passage contains adjectives and adverbs you have just
learned. Read the text carefully, and identify the adjectives and adverbs used in
the passage.
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Swainsona formosa is one of Australias native plants, and is one of the worlds most
spectacular flowering plants. The outstanding feature of S. formosa is its brilliant-colored
flowers, from white or pink through to dark red standard and keel with or without a distinctive
boss.
Research on the breeding of S. formosa has been conducted with the emphasis on the
production of male-sterile flowers. Two strategies have been used, an in vitro technique aimed
at producing haploid plants and an in vivo technique aimed at producing triploid plants. Both
haploid and triploid plants are sterile because where there is an odd number of chromosome
sets reproductive fertility is usually impaired. This is because during meiosis the normal pairing
of chromosomes cannot properly take place since one set of chromosomes has no homologous
set with which to pair, and so gametes fail to form.
This review begins with the discussion on the significance of male-sterility, particularly in
ornamental plants. A number of factors affecting male-sterility in plants are then reviewed. The
potential of ploidy modification for crop improvement is described and the methods used in
modifying ploidy level, including haploidysation via anther culture and chromosomes doubling by
the use of chemicals, are discussed. Plant embryology as a fundamental aspect in plant
breeding is also reviewed and discussed with particular emphasis in legumes.
(Source: Zulkarnain. 2003. Breeding Strategies in Sturts Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa
(G.Don) J.Thompson) Using In Vitro and In Vivo Techniques. PhD Thesis. The University of
New England, Armidale, Australia).
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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122): A Resource Book
Vocabulary list
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