Catanduanes

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This article is about the Philippine province. For other uses, see Catanduanes (disambiguation).

Catanduanes

Province

Province of Catanduanes

Flag
Seal

Location in the Philippines

Coordinates: 1350N 12415ECoordinates: 1350N 12415E

Country Philippines
Region Bicol Region(Region V)

Founded September 26, 1945

 Capital Virac

Government
Type Sangguniang Panlalawigan
Governor Joseph C. Cua (United Nationalist Alliance
(UNA))

Vice Governor Shirley Abundo (Nationalist People's Coalition

(NPC))

Area[1]
Total 1,492.16 km2(576.13 sq mi)
Area rank 70th out of 81

Population (2015 census)[2]

Total 260,964
Rank 67th out of 81
Density 170/km2 (450/sq mi)
Density rank 50th out of 81

Divisions
Independent citie 0
s
Component cities 0
Municipalities
11[show]
Barangays 315
Districts Lone district of Catanduanes

Time zone PST (UTC+8)

ZIP codes 48004810

IDD:area code +63(0)52
ISO 3166 code PH-CAT

Spoken languages Bicolano

Filipino
English

Website catanduanes.gov.ph

Catanduanes is an island province located in the Bicol Region of Luzon in the Philippines. It is
the 12th-largest Island in the Philippines. Its capital is Virac and the province lies to the east
of Camarines Sur across Maqueda Channel. It had a population of 260,964 people as registered in
the 2015 census.[2]
The province comprises Catanduanes Island (also called Virac Island), the Panay, Palumbanes
group of islands (Porongpong, Tignob and Calabagio) and a few other minor surrounding islets and
rocks.
 Catanduanes was a former sub-province of Ambos Camarines in the early 1900s and later of Albay.
It gained provincial autonomy when Congressman Francisco Perfecto filled House Bill No. 301 which
separated the province from Albay. It was approved on September 26, 1945 and subsequently
signed into law by President Sergio Osmea on October 24, 1945. Remigio Socito, the last
Lieutenant Governor, was appointed as the first Provincial Governor. When elections were held in
1947, Alfonso V. Usero became the first elected Governor.

Contents
[hide]

1Etymology

2History

o 2.1Pre-Spanish period

o 2.2Spanish period

o 2.3American period

o 2.4World War II

o 2.5Independence Day

3Geography

o 3.1Weather and climate

4Administrative divisions

5Demographics

o 5.1Religion

o 5.2Languages

o 5.3Ethnic groups

6Government

o 6.1List of former Governors

o 6.2Provincial Board Members

o 6.3Congressional district(s)

7Economy

o 7.1Industry
 8Culture

o 8.1Festivals and celebrations

9Education

10Services

o 10.1Police services

o 10.2Media/Entertainment

o 10.3Power supply

11Transportation

o 11.1Air

o 11.2Sea

o 11.3Land

o 11.4Flora and fauna

12Notable people from Catanduanes

13Notes

14References

15External links

Etymology[edit]
Isla de Cobos was Catanduanes' first name, given by Spanish conquistadores during the early part
of 1573 when came upon several tribes living in the thatched huts called cobos.
Catanduanes, is a hispanized term derived from the word tandu, a native beetle and
the samdong tree, which were both found in abundance throughout the island. Common reference
to katanduan or kasamdongan, meaning a place where the tandu or the samdong tree thrives in
abundance, led to the coining of the word Catanduanes.[3]

History[edit]
Pre-Spanish period[edit]
Bornean datus settled on the island of Panay. Their descendants then migrated throughout the
archipelago and became the first settlers in Catanduanes. The island was not spared from raids of
the Moros coming from the island of Mindanao. Because of these destructive raids, many records of
the past were destroyed and lost.
Spanish period[edit]
1573 when Juan de Salcedo arrived in Catanduanes hunting for pirates, and conquered the natives.
Three years later, a galleon expedition from Acapulco was shipwrecked near the island and the
survivors were either killed or made servants. The Batalay Church in Bato, just several kilometers
from the capital town of Virac, marks that historical event.
Evangelization[edit]
The evangelization of the island started twenty years later when the soldiers of Spain, after
subjugating the Bicol mainland, came back with Franciscan missionaries. The missionaries armed
with the cross and backed by the sword of the conquistadors evangelized the entire population
without much resistance, after initially converting the southern tribes.
Christianization[edit]
From 1600 to 1857, the colonizers were able to put up nine centers of local governments through the
establishment of
parishes: Caramoran (1601); Pandan (1650); Viga (1661); Panganiban (1663); Virac (1775); Bato (1
830); and San Andres (1853). During the early 1950s, Baras was created. Bagamanoc, a thriving
municipality during the Spanish period was reduced to a mere barrio of Viga and later
of Panganiban, during the American regime. It formally became a municipality in 1950 followed
by Gigmoto in 1951, and San Miguel in 1952. It was during this period that the island saw its own
development growth. Interlinking roads built and trading centers created.
American period[edit]
During the American Regime, the some locals refused to recognize the sovereignty of the United
States, and most of them fled to the mountains.[citation needed] The American occupation did not last long.
In 1934, the Americans had ceased control of the island.
World War II[edit]
During World War II, Catanduanes was not spared from Japanese invasion. The Japanese erected
garrisons in different parts of the island and committed many atrocities.
Major Salvador Rodolfo (a.k.a. Phantom) organized the Catanduanes Liberation Forces and the
backbone of the resistance movement. It performed numerous ambuscades against the Japanese
Imperial Army and conducted intelligence gathering, which was necessary for paving the way for the
eventual liberation of the province by the combined American and Filipino troops. During his exploits
as a guerrilla leader, Rodolfo was rumored several times to have been killed in battle but time and
again he keeps on coming back to destroy every vestige of enemy control in the province of
Catanduanes, hence he was called "Phantom" or the Man who never dies.
On February 8, 1945, when Rodolfo was about to declare the independence of the province, one of
his men approached him and said that there were Japanese reinforcements on board 2 vessels
approaching the island. He then talked to his men, most of whom were wounded and exhausted, he
said:
Japanese reinforcements are coming. I have two options for you, we can go to the hills and save
ourselves and wait there until the joint American and Filipino troops arrive, but I assure you that all
civilians left behind will be massacred by the incoming Japanese, or we can repeat what happened
in the Battle of Thermopylae and stand our ground. Most of us will die, but we will live forever in the
pages of history as the men who fought for the liberation of Catanduanes.
With that, everybody decided to stand their ground and fight the incoming Japanese. They went to
their posts to wait for the enemys arrival but then, as if by providence, American planes arrived and
bombed the Japanese vessels. Rodolfo declared independence of the entire province on February
8, 1945.
When the local Filipino soldiers and officers of the 5th, 52nd, 53rd, 55th, 56th and 57th Infantry
Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army landed on the beaches, they captured the Japanese,
liberated the island province of Catanduanes, assisted the local guerrilla fighters and American
liberating troops and defeated and fought against the Japanese Imperial armed forces during the
Battle of Catanduanes in the ending World War II. Since the aftermath and near the war, the general
headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army with the Philippine Constabulary was stationed
in Catanduanes from 1945 to 1946.[further explanation needed]
Independence Day[edit]
Three months after the Philippine independence from the Americans, Catanduanes was finally
recognized as a separate and independent province from Albay through Commonwealth Act No.
687 authored by then Representative Francisco Perfecto. The independence was approved
by Congress on September 26, 1945, signed into law by President Sergio Osmena, Sr. on October
24, 1945, and took effect on October 26, 1945.[4]
Catanduanes became the sixth province of the Bicol Region with the signing of the Act. Remigio
Socito, the last Lieutenant Governor of Catanduanes was appointed as the first Provincial Governor.
When elections were held in 1947, Alfonso V. Usero became the first elected Governor.

This section needs expansion. You

can help by adding to it. (July 2016)

Geography[edit]
Catanduanes is situated in the easternmost fringe of Luzon: 13.3 to 14.1 degrees north latitudes and
between 124.1 and 124.3 degrees east longitudes. The island bounded on the west by the Maqueda
Channel, on the south by Lagonoy Gulf, and on the north and east by the Philippine Sea. Several
small islands comprise the province. Its aggregate land area totals approximately 1,492.16 square
kilometres (576.13 sq mi).[5] The coastlines, that stretch to almost 400 km (249 mi), are jagged with
many bays.

The topography of Catanduanes Island is rugged and mountainous, becoming more pronounced
towards the central portion of the island. Less than 10 percent of the land area has a slope gradient
under 8 percent, mostly fractured and narrow strips of plains located along the coastal areas where
most of the inhabitants are settled. The highest mountain peak is in Boctot, located between the
municipalities of Virac and San Miguel with an elevation of 803 metres (2,635 ft) above sea level. It
is the premier mountain range with broadly spread old-growth forests and watershed which exerts
widespread influence over its immediate environs that include the municipalities of Virac, Bato, and
San Miguel. Other prominent mountain forms include the ranges: Obi in Caramoran, Cagmasoso
in San Andres, and the Summit and Magsumoso ranges within the Viga and Gigmoto areas.
The lowlands include the Virac Plain, Viga Plain, San Andres Plain and the Bato River Flood Plain.
The coastal municipalities with limited lowland agricultural areas are Pandan and Caramoran. The
more extensive lowlands are found in the southern parts of the province. The largest coastal plain is
the contiguous wetlands of Viga, Panganiban and Bagamanoc over which lies the widest area
of rice paddies and nipa mangroves.
The province is mostly rugged and mountainous terrain. Its slope characteristics are 13% gently
sloping to undulating, 1% classified rolling to hilly, 2% very hills and mountains, 47% level to very
gently sloping, 32% steep hills and mountainous, and 5% undulating to rolling. Ten of the eleven
municipalities of the province are situated along the coastal fringes, over which locate its mostly
fractured plains. The only landlocked municipality is San Miguel with its poblacion (town center)
sitting in a location entirely devoid of flat lands. The majority of the built-up areas occupy zones that
are classified as flat to rolling.
Weather and climate[edit]
Without a pronounced dry season, precipitation is distributed fairly well throughout the year
becoming wetter in the last quarter into the early months of the first quarter, when tropical
disturbances and monsoon winds especially the Northeast Monsoon (Amihan) bring in heavy rains.
Other months are characterized by short periods of dryer days and fine weather, except in July and
August when the dry and gusty northwest monsoon winds intensify.
Catanduanes' geographical position has it lying completely exposed to the Philippine Sea.
Therefore, it is known as "Land of the Howling Winds" because it is frequently visited by tropical
storms.

[hide]Climate data for Catanduanes

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Se

36 36 38 38 38 38 38 39 3
Record high C (F)
(97) (97) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (102) (10

29 29 30 31 32 32 31 32 3
Average high C (F)
(84) (84) (86) (88) (90) (90) (88) (90) (8

22 23 23 24 25 25 22 25 2
Average low C (F)
(72) (73) (73) (75) (77) (77) (72) (77) (7

13 14 17 18 20 18 19 17 1
Record low C (F)
(55) (57) (63) (64) (68) (64) (66) (63) (6

265 175 143 119 157 221 188 178 18

Average precipitation mm (inches)
(10.43) (6.89) (5.63) (4.69) (6.18) (8.7) (7.4) (7.01) (7.4

Average rainy days 10 8 7 6 5 8 9 8 9

 Source: http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Philippines/Catanduanes/climate-profile.aspx?m

Administrative divisions[edit]
Catanduanes comprises 11 municipalities, all encompassed by a single legislative district.[5]

Municipality[i] Population % Area[5] Density Brgy.

p.a.

(2015)[2] (2010)[6] km2 sqmi /km2 /sqmi

Bagamanoc 4.4% 11,551 11,370 +0.30% 80.74 31.17 140 360 18

Baras 4.9% 12,848 12,243 +0.92% 109.50 42.28 120 310 29

Bato 8.2% 21,279 19,984 +1.20% 48.62 18.77 440 1,100 27

Caramoran 11.5% 30,056 28,063 +1.31% 263.74 101.83 110 280 27

Gigmoto 3.2% 8,368 8,003 +0.85% 181.82 70.20 46 120 9

Pandan 7.9% 20,516 19,393 +1.08% 119.90 46.29 170 440 26

Panganiban 3.6% 9,287 9,738 0.90% 79.96 30.87 120 310 23

San Andres 14.1% 36,779 35,779 +0.53% 167.31 64.60 220 570 38

San Miguel 5.8% 15,006 14,107 +1.18% 129.94 50.17 120 310 24

Viga 8.3% 21,624 20,669 +0.86% 158.23 61.09 140 360 31

 Municipality[i] Population % Area[5] Density Brgy.
p.a.

(2015)[2] (2010)[6] km2 sqmi /km2 /sqmi

Virac 28.2% 73,650 66,951 +1.83% 152.40 58.84 480 1,200 63

T OTAL 260,964 246,300 +1.11% 1,492.16 576.13 170 440 315

Provincial capital Municipality

1. Jump up^ The globe

icon marks the town center.

Demographics[edit]
Population census of
Catanduanes
 Source: National Statistics Office[2][6][6][7]

The population of Catanduanes in the 2015 census was 260,964 people, [2] with a density of 170
inhabitants per square kilometre or 440 inhabitants per square mile.
In May 2000, its total population was 215,356 with an annual growth rate of 1.42% from 1990 to
2000, and a population density of 142 per km2. Over the following 10 years the average annual
growth rate was 1.35%, increasing the population to 246,300 persons in the May 2010 census.
[6]
Almost all of the people of the province are natural born citizens. Naturalized citizens, mostly of
which are Chinese, comprised only about one percent of the population.[citation needed]
The number of households totaled 41,019 with an average household size of 5.25. [4]
Religion[edit]
Roman Catholicism is the religion of the vast majority, comprising 97%[citation needed] of Catanduanes'
population. The remaining faith of the inhabitants is divided into the various Religious, Evangelical,
Protestant groups such as Aglipayan Church, Baptists, Methodists, other Evangelical Christians,
Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, Iglesia ni Cristo, Seventh-day Adventist as well as Moslems.
Further information: Roman Catholic Diocese of Virac
Languages[edit]
There are two variants of the Bikol languages native to this island province: Northern Catanduanes
Bicolano and Southern Catanduanes Bicolano. The northern accent has a very pronounced letter
"R" that becomes a diphthong of non-vowel letters "L" and "R" in the southern towns. In written form,
the conventional mainland language like Central Bikol is used. Filipino, by virtue of being officially
taught in schools and the affinity of most Bicolanos to it, is the second most common language and
easily the most understood by most people. English is the normal medium used in primary
communications. The use of the Spanish as a local language seems to have vanished after the turn
of the early 21st century and so on.
Sociolinguistics[edit]
When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Catanduanes, being on the Pacific Ocean side and on
the very route of the galleon ships, was one of the first places they penetrated to propagate
Christianity. The Spanish priests founded churches in every town. People from mainland Bicol also
travelled to Catanduanes, specifically Caramoran which is directly across from Albay.

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The research of McFarland on the year 1974, the dialects of Bicol area, stated that until the advent
of the twentieth century and the development brought about by modernization, Northern
Catanduanes was quite isolated from mainland Bicol and Southern Catanduanes, resulting in less
opportunity for contact between different groups. One probable reason why the Northern
Catanduanes language variety is distinct from the Southern Catanduanes variety is that the
mountainous terrain separating the north from the south acts as a barrier to community interaction.
The lack of good roads and transportation arising from the terrain contributed to the present
situation. Since the seaport is in Virac, it seemed[original research?] that Northern Catanduanes remained in
isolation from other subgroups for quite some time. Furthermore, the inhabitants of Northern
Catanduanes were the first occupants of the island to have been pushed northwards when
immigrants from the mainland occupied the southern part of the island. This supports the closeness
of the Southern Catanduanes variety to other Bicol subgroups while the Northern Catanduanes has
more distinct features.
Ethnic groups[edit]
The predominant ethnic group are the Bicolano people. Migrants from other parts of Luzon, as well
as Visayas and Mindanao make up a minority as well. Few, who are
of Chinese, Australian, American, and Spanish descent also live in the province.

Government[edit]
Catanduanes was historically a part of the Albay province. On October 26, 1945, it was separated
from Albay and was declared an island-province throughf Commonwealth Act No. 687.
When the island was still in transition to becoming a full-pledge province, it was headed by Lt.
Governor Felipe Olesco Usero.[8]
Gubernatorial elections for Catanduanes started in 1948. The People Power Revolution in February
1986 ushered in new leadership. Former Ambassador Leandro I. Verceles Sr. was appointed
Governor of the province. In 1988, Governor Leandro I. Verceles Sr. ran for Governor and won the
election. His term ended in 1992 when lost to Governor Rosalie A. Estacio. After Governor Estacio,
Governor Severo C. Alcantara became the governor of the province in 1995. Gov. Alcantara did not
run for re-election due to failing health. In 1998 Governor Hector S. Sanchez won the election.
Governor Sanchez ran for re-election but lost to Governor Leandro B. Verceles Jr who became
governor for two successive terms.
In 2007 synchronized elections, Gov. Verceles run again for his third and last term for governor but
lost to Governor Joseph C. Cua, who became governor from 2007-2013 for two successive terms
but lost to Gov. Araceli B. Wong last May 2013 election. In the May 2016 election Gov. Cely Wong
son Jardin Brian Wong lost to former Governor Joseph Cua, the current governor of the province.

Governor: Joseph Peter Cua (United Nationalist Alliance (UNA))

Vice Governor: Shirley Abundo (Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC))

List of former Governors[edit]

Alfonso Vera Usero (1948-1951)

Jorge Vera Almojuela (1952-1959)

Juan Molina Alberto (1960-1967)

Vicente Molina Alberto (1968-1986)

 Leandro I. Verceles Sr. (1987-1992)

Rosalie Alberto-Estacio (1992-1995)

Severo Alcantara (1995-1998)

Hector Sanchez (1998-2001)

Leandro B. Verceles Jr. (2001-2007)

Joseph Chua Cua (2007-2013, 2016-)

Araceli Wong (2013-2016)

Provincial Board Members[edit]
West District (1st District)[edit]

Rafael Zuniega (UNA)

Giovanni Balmadrid (NPC)

Jose Romeo Francisco (NPC)

Natalio Popa (Independent)

East District (2nd District)[edit]

Arnel Turado (NPC)

Joseph Al Randie Wong (Liberal Party)

Lorenzo Templonuevo (NPC)

Vince Villaluna (NPC)

Capitol building of Catanduanes

Congressional district(s)[edit]
See also: Legislative district of Catanduanes
The lone Legislative District of Catanduanes is the representation of the Province of Catanduanes
in the Philippine House of Representatives. Catanduanes was represented as part of Albay's second
district from 1907 to 1931, and fully comprised that province's fourth district from 1931 to 1946. It
started electing its own representative in 1946, after becoming a full-fledged province in 1945. From
1978 to 1984 it was part of the representation of Region V.

Rep. Cesar Sarmiento (Liberal Party)

Economy[edit]
The Island is the most progressive province in the Bicol Region although it placed just a little -0.3 in
the HDI National Average. The 2009 report of HDN (Human Development Network) which is a
branch of the United nations HDI (Human Development Index) listed the province as ranked 1st in
the region or rank 20th at 0.630 HDI value (excluding Metro Manila) among Philippine Provinces
HDI's. For reference, the province of Albay ranked 2nd in the region or ranked 41st among Philippine
Provinces HDI's (excluding Metro Manila) at 0.518 HDI value.[citation needed]
Agriculture, fishing, and tourism are some of the other main sources of employment on the island.
Several handicrafts such as jewelry manufacturing and other small-scale industries also contribute to
the province's economy. The province is rich in natural resources such as forests, waterfalls, rivers,
mineral deposits and productive soil made fertile by volcanic ashes of distant Mayon Volcano.
Rattancraft, fishing, buri hat and mat making, and abaca fiber craft are among the important
industries of the island.
Virac, the capital town of the island was among the top in terms of infrastructure in 2012 Most
Competitive Municipality category according to the National Competitiveness Council (NCC).[citation needed]
Industry[edit]
The five major income sources of Catanduanes are the services, agriculture and fishing, tourism,
housing and manufacturing industries.
Cottage industry and manufacturing[edit]
From 2001 through 2010, the Philippines production of abaca fiber (Manila hemp) averaged 65,701
mt per year and was decreasing at a rate of at least 0.8% per annum. The decrease was caused by
the devastating typhoons in 2006, abaca viral diseases that continued to affect the plantations, and
the dampened foreign demand brought about by the global economic recession beginning in the
latter part of 2008, the most severe downturn since the Great Depression in the 1930s. Production
reached its peak in 2008 at 77,387 mt as outputs of all producing regions, particularly Bicol, Davao
Region and Caraga, substantially increased during the period. This was primarily the effect of the
incremental production from the abaca plantations established in 2005 and 2006 under FIDAs
program Goal I Development of New Agri-Business Lands and the continued strong demand and
attractive prices offered for the fiber by local traders, processors/manufacturers and exporters. The
abaca industry, however, suffered a setback in 2009 when fiber yield slumped to its lowest level of
54,584 mt due to the weakened market demand and falling prices as a consequence of the
worldwide financial crisis. Catanduanes Island is the native habitat of the endemic abaca plant (a
banana relative) which is globally renowned for its strong fiber. In fact, the Philippines FIDA (Fiber
Industry Development Authority) declared the island as the highest abaca-producing province in
2010.[citation needed]
In 2009-2013, The Philippine Rural Development Program (PRDP) and the Department of
Agriculture, Bicol Region had 39% share of Philippine Abaca production, emerged as the biggest
produce while overwhelming 92% comes from Catanduanes the biggest abaca-producing province
in the country. The home of the finest grade of abaca fiber. Lately, the indigenous abaca fiber,
commonly called pinukpok, produced and woven by the locals of Baras, Catanduanes, has now
found its niche in the local and international fashion industry. This indigenous fabric has shown its
versatility in the globally appealing designs and creations of famous fashion designer Dita Sandico-
Ong. Until now wild type of abaca can still be found in the interior forests of the province which is
often not cultivated.
Despite having been ravaged by three super typhoons in the last two decades, Catanduanes has
maintained its abaca country status as the top abaca fiber-producing province in the Philippines. In
2015 alone, the islands 12,789 abaca farmers produced 23,550 metric tons of raw fiber, comprising
40 percent of the total abaca fiber production nationwide. The local fiber harvest is even higher than
the production of Ecuador, the second-biggest abaca producer in the world after the Philippines. [citation
needed]

Agriculture and fishing[edit]

Catanduanes mud crab industry is being supported by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources, Department of Science and Technology, Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Department of labor and Employment and Catanduanes State University.
The provincial government is maintaining the Catanduanes Crab Center (CCC) which serves as a
source of crablets for grow-out and fattening by fishpond operators. It carries out a special program
for queen or gravid crabs designed to ensure the sustainability of the industry in the province,
which originally owned the crab capital of the Philippines title. The provinces mud crab industry is
focusing on the production of female crabs that play an important role in marketing, particularly in
Asian countries such as Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore.
Tourism[edit]

Puraran Beach

The tourism industry in the province is growing relatively quickly despite the fact that the island
experiences almost year-round typhoons, labeling the province as a "Typhoon Capital of the
Philippines" with the tagline "The Land of the Howling Winds". Catanduanes is known for its
beaches, prehistoric caves, quaint stone chapels and massive churches. Despite the typhoons, safe
anchorage is provided by its many bays and coves notably Kalapalan, Gigmoto, Soboc and
Cabugao. Its Pacific coastline attracts surfers, particularly at Baras. The province features beaches
with fine sand and coral formations, and several caves which include the Luyang Cave. The
PAGASA Weather Radar Station offers panoramic views of the environs, while the Museo de
Catanduanes has a fine collection of artifacts.
The ideal time of the year to visit Catanduanes is from the months of March to August when the
weather turns dry. It is coolest and rainiest from October to the early part of January, hottest from
March to May.
The tourism industry in Catanduanes continues to receive a positive response from foreign and
domestic travelers, with the Provincial Tourism Office recording an increase in tourist arrivals by
15.89% in 2014 compared to the previous year.[citation needed]
Based on the comparative data of travelers, 151,550 foreign and domestic tourists visited the island
last year, or about 21,000 greater than the 2013 arrivals of only 130,766 visitors. [citation needed]
Tourist attractions[edit]

Binurong Point

Saint John the Baptist Catholic Church located in Poblacion, Bato near the Bato River.
It is the only remaining structure of its kind in the entire island. The church is of interest not only
as a mid-colonization Filipino-Spanish architecture but as a historical landmark. It was built
under the polo system of forced labor for a total of 53 years under six different parish
administrators. Started in 1830 and finished in 1883, Bato Church has withstood wars,
calamities, and ravages of time.

Holy Cross of Batalay Shrine located in Batalay, Bato. It is the site where the first
Catholic Cross was planted in Catanduanes and was built over the burial place of Augustinian
priest Fray Diego de Herrera in 1576 who died in Batalay, Bato. Legend says that a spring water
sprouted near the cross, believed to have healing powers. It is a common belief that the cross
presently enshrined in the Batalay Chapel is still the original cross planted more than 420 years
ago. Batalay has been the center of annual religious pilgrimages from people of different places.
The Holy Cross of Batalay is a Diocesan shrine with the right to hold a liturgical celebration on
the last Friday of April every year.

Our Lady of Sorrows Shrine located in Batong Paloway, San Andres. The thumbnail-
sized river stone bearing the mystical face of the Virgin Mary found on a river bank is believed to
have grown in size over the years. At present, one can view the image with the bare eyes unlike
before, when one had to use a magnifying lens. The image has drawn many devotees
throughout the years and mass is heard every Friday afternoon as devotees flock the chapel
regularly to pray the rosary and novenas. Every Lenten week celebration, people on Holy
Thursday walk from Virac and as far as Batalay, Bato on a penitentiary pilgrimage to visit and
pray to the Lady of Sorrows.

Amenia Beach Resort Palawig, San Andres

Balite Beach Resort Balite, Virac

Cathy's Spring Resort Sagrada, Viga

Hiyop Point Hiyop, Pandan

Loran Ruins Panay Island, Bagamanoc

Luyang Cave Park Lictin, San Andres

Maribina Falls Marinawa-Binanuahan, Bato

Museo de Catanduanes Santa Elena, Virac

Nahulugan Falls San Pedro, Gigmoto

 PAG-ASA Weather Radar Station Buenavista, Bato

Palumbanes Group of Islands Palumbanes, Caramoran

Soboc Cove Soboc, Viga

Twin Rock Beach Resort Igang, Virac

Culture[edit]
Festivals and celebrations[edit]
Catandungan Festival[edit]
Catandungan Festival is an annual celebration of the island province. It is the anniversary
celebration and tribute to its founders, to commemorate the provinces' independence from Albay.
The main features of the festival are Street Dancing - Pantomina Dance, Beauty Pageant, Agro-
Trade Fair, Sports Fest, Guided Tour, Surfing Cup, and Art/Photo Exhibits. It occurs every 2426
October.
Abaka Festival[edit]
Abaka Festival is an annual cultural celebration of the province to recognize the importance of abaca
in the local economy and to showcase its versatility as a major source of livelihood. Highlights of the
festival are Padadyaw Ginamlangan or Padadyaw kan Abaka, Pinukpok Fashion Show, Urag
Catandungan sports competitions, Kantang Catandungan or Musika kan Isla, Festival Dance
Competition, Binibini and Ginoong Bikol, Hagyan sa Kabitoonan and Jobs Fair. It occurs every 4th
week of May.
Folk festivals[edit]
The folk festivals celebrated as part of the local religious rituals are with unique traces of the Spanish
colonization. Among these festivals include:

Dinahit Festival is a prime festival in the municipality of Pandan celebrated every April. The
word Dinahit is a native sailing vessel used by the Austronesians to travel across the ocean to
reach Pandan, the northernmost municipality of the province.[9] Festival activities include street
dancing, beauty pageant, trade fair, and different contests such as carabao race and boat race.

Kalbaryo or Calvary, commonly staged during Holy Week, is a reenactment of the passion
of Christs way of the cross annually celebrated in the Municipality of San Andres during Holy
Wednesday and Good Friday.

Kagharong is a native depiction of The Nativity scene held annually during Christmas
season.

Pantomina is a native dance, popular on occasions of importance and mostly practiced in

rural areas. It is a dance interpretation (pantomime) of a rooster courting a hen.

Padadyao sa Tinampo is native cultural presentation of street dancing held every 24

October to commemorate the provinces founding anniversary.
 Sugbo Festival is celebrated by the seven barangays of Hitoma in Caramoran that
produces sugbo or tiger grass, a bamboo-like perennial grass used to make brooms. Celebrated
every month of May coinciding with the Hitoma barangay fiesta, it is being institutionalized with
the support of the provincial government, LGU of Caramoran and national line agencies to
promote the commercial development of the local lasa or tiger grass industry and to create
signature products from tiger grass.
Fishermen from Catanduanes have always been linked to Benham Rise. Catandunganon people
have been calling it Kalipung-awan (loneliness in an isolated place). Benham Rise is an integral part
of Catandunganon culture. Rich marine resources are given by this marine biodiverse zone to
Catandunganons. In fact, Catandunganons have long been celebrating this place even in their
ancient folksongs, stories and poetry.[citation needed]

Education[edit]
Virac, the capital town, is the educational center in the province, hosting a number of schools
specializing in various degrees. The most notable include the Catanduanes State University (CSU)
with a campus in the northern town of Panganiban. It was established on June 19, 1971,
through Republic Act 6341,[10] authored by Catanduanes Congressman Jose M. Alberto, which
converted the Virac National Agricultural and Trade School into the Catanduanes State College. The
college was elevated to university status in October 2012.
Other notable schools include the Catanduanes Colleges (CC), Catanduanes Institute of Technology
Foundation (CITFI), and Christian Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes (CPIC).

Services[edit]
Police services[edit]
The Philippine National Police in the province is composed of the local police force and the fire
brigades services. The province crime rate is 6.39 in 2006. Crime volume over the same period was
191.[citation needed]
Media/Entertainment[edit]
Local cable companies operate in most towns. TV repeaters allow access to Manila broadcast
stations. Satellite dish is a common site in rooftops of houses in remote areas.
Power supply[edit]
Electrical Power is supplied by power plants, a mix of diesel powered generators and hydroelectric
turbines. Electricity is served on 24-hour basis to all the eleven (11) municipalities. Catanduanes has
a 220-volt electrical system.[citation needed]

Transportation[edit]
Air[edit]
Virac Airport is the primary airport serving Catanduanes with scheduled flights to Manila.
Sea[edit]
From the seaport of Tabaco, MV Calixta 2, 4 and 5 travels to the port of San Andres. MV Eugene
Elson and fast-craft service MV Silangan can travel in just one hour and a half which docks in the
port of Virac.
Land[edit]
Overland, a 12-hour bus ride from Manila to Tabaco, in Albay, is needed to cover the 580 km
(360 mi) distance. Several ferry services in the Port of Tabaco offer connections to San Andres,
which takes about 2 hours, or to Virac Seaport, at 3 hours, or at least 1 hours for fast-craft
service.[11] Numerous bus lines operate air-conditioned and ordinary buses and coaches travel from
Manila to Tabaco in Albay. Some of these buses are loaded to the Ferry for its final stop in the town
of Virac.
Transportation around the Island is provided by jeepneys, vans and bus for inter-town travel, while
tricycles and pedicabs will take you around the towns. Private vehicles are also available for hire,
which can take you to any point of the Island.
Flora and fauna[edit]
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The island is a biodiversity hotspot. Its rainforests are home to the Philippine brown deer, flying
foxes, and other endemic bat species, warty pigs, civets, cobras, giant pythons, monitor
lizards, sailfin lizards and other endemic animals. Exotic bird species such as the
Philippine hornbill, rail, parrot, bittern, egret, pheasant, coot, lapwing, plover, Philippine
duck, quail, owl, oriole, kingfisher, swiftlets and many more are also found. A record of "Philippines
Birding Trip Reports" has found out massive bird species in several portion of the island such as the
watershed and timberland forests reserve in Gigmoto where scattered deer populations are also
usually reported.[citation needed]
The Catanduanes bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba luzonica rubiventris) had experienced over-
exploitation in the late 20th century. Although most forests are still intact, this species has suffered
over-hunting, making it very rare and is believed to be near extinction or already extinct as its last
reported specimen was collected in 1971.[citation needed]
The southern giant slender-tailed cloud rat (budkon/bugkon) which is found only in Catanduanes and
the southern half of Luzon Island, is still widely reported. It is critically endangered as humans hunt
them for food and for some extent, as pets. In mainland Luzon, sightings of the creature are already
rare while in Marinduque, it is generally considered extinct.[citation needed]
Inventory of the entomological fauna in the island has been conducted by various scientific
institutions. A survey which was submitted in the national museum has revealed interesting species
in the forest reserve of Gigmoto and Pandan. A total of 2,000 entomological specimens and its allies
were collected compromising 323 species under 45 genera and 50 families. [citation needed]
The Catanduanes narrow-mouthed frog (Kaloula kokacii), an arboreal amphibian found only in
Catanduanes and some parts of Bicol, enjoys [clarification needed] its diversity but is being carefully monitored.
Another endemic amphibian Hylarana similis is found only in Catanduanes and Luzon islands. The
published research by Brown and Siler in Journal of Biogeography (2013) actually reported this
species in the forests of Gigmoto.[citation needed]
One of the very recent species found in Catanduanes and portions of Bicol region is the new loam-
swimming skink, a legless reptile with its assigned scientific name Brachymeles makusog.[citation needed]
The dipterocarp forest also harbor numerous tropical plant species including the threatened species
of pitcher plants and rafflesia as well as endemic banana varieties. Many highly economical
hardwood trees such as yakal, apitong, palosapis, and molave are still found in the central forests
though local reports indicate that these species are already threatened. Mangrove forests exist in
several coastal areas but the largest locations are in Banquerohan (Viga-Panganiban), Agoho in San
Andres and Batalay in Bato.
Catanduanes reefs harbor many endangered and threatened types of mollusks such as giant
Triton, cowries, abalone, cone snails, conches, octopuses, squids, and nautiluses. Marine mammals
are also reported to frequent on its eastern coasts such as species of dolphins and whales which
appear from March to June. Many edible marine algae such as caulerpa, valonia,
and turbellaria also grow abundantly on its rough coasts.[citation needed]
The island is nestled in the very beginning of the Kuroshio Current, a sea current that runs through
the eastern Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan. Tuna migration, which is at its peak in the months of
April and May, can be seen in the Maqueda channel. Dugongs were once known to swim on
Catanduanes coasts, but this event is already becoming extremely rare.

Catanduanes coast is one of the best spots for flying fish population; a flying fish can attain its fullest
size in Catanduanes which may weigh 300 grams (11 oz).[citation needed]Rabbitfish Siganus sp., a kind of
reef fish is one of the most heavily exploited marine tropical fish in Catanduanes. Its fry that comes
out in shallow coasts during the breeding season (MarchMay) are fished in large volumes.
Approximately 10 million rabbitfish fries are caught annually. That natural event supplies food for
many people but its ecological impact can be devastating. Nature advocates started to strengthen
their campaign for an eco-dialogue for this matter. Sea cucumbers are also abundant in many islets
of the eastern coasts facing the Philippine Sea.
Palumbanes (province satellite group of islands) has beaches with fine yellowish-white sand. It is
also one of the most biodiverse marine zones of the island. However, coral reef exploitation has
severely inflicted for the last 10 years on its waters. The local government and some sectors are
already undergoing efforts to revive Palumbanes Island through building artificial reefs and
employing fishing regulations.