Criminology: Practice Test #4 Due by Exam 4 time (even if you are not taking

Exam 4)

Answer the questions below based on material related to Chapters 10 (partial),

13, and 15. Be sure to TYPE OUT THE FULL ANSWER.

Multiple-Choice (3 points each/75 total points)

1. Corporate crime causes at least ____ times more deaths than do traditional street crimes.
a. 2 c. 7
b. 5 d. 10

2. Deaths and injuries due to corporate crimes _____.

a. have decreased c. have increased
b. have stayed the same d. cannot be calculated

3. The _____ is generally considered to be one of the most important periods in history in
terms of progress, but resulted in an increase in environmental crimes.
a. American Revolution c. World War I
b. Industrial Revolution d. World War II

4. The EPA estimates that there are about _____ deaths each year in the United States as a
direct result of toxic particles emitted from manufacturing plants.
a. 30,000 c. 2
b. 45,000 d. 60,000

5. All of the following are considered physical costs of white-collar crime EXCEPT:
a. price fixing c. occupational illnesses
b. environmental pollution d. falsely prescribed or marketed
pharmaceutical drugs

6. Labor violations include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. hiring illegal workers c. dumping pollution in restricted areas
b. exploiting workers d. keeping unsafe work conditions

7. What is considered one of the oldest prison gangs in the United States?
a. Black Guerilla Family c. La Nuestra Familia
b. Arian Brotherhood d. Mexican Mafia

8. All of the following are criminal penalties for RICO violations EXCEPT:
a. forfeiture of any interest obtained or maintained in the course of state violations
b. fine of no more than $25,000
c. prison term of no more than 20 years
d. restitution payments of no more than $25,000

9. All of the following are considered one of the four (4) common categories of users of
Internet child pornography EXCEPT:
a. individuals who are not impulsive or curious
b. individual who encourage prevailing or developing sexual interests in children
c. individuals who are involved in child pornography for nonsexual reasons
d. individuals who communicate with other sexual offenders who use child
pornography as a broader
pattern of offending
10. Organized crime has been described as being caused by the efforts of successive
immigrant groups to make it in America.
a. True
b. False

11. Today, white-collar criminals are more likely to be investigated, caught, charged, and
convicted as compared with traditional street criminals.
a. true
b. false

12. The general public loses more money from price fixing and monopolistic practices and
consumer deception than from all property crime.
a. true
b. false

13. _____ assumes that criminal behavior increases because certain individuals are caught
and branded as offenders.
a. consensus theory c. labeling theory
b. conflict theory d. left realism

14. Who is deviance created by?

a. law makers c. indivdiduals
b. politicians d. society

15. _____ contends that society should attempt reconciliation through mediation and dispute
settlement.
a. left realism c. restorative justice perspective
b. peacemaking criminology d. consensus perspective

16. Restorative justice emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:

a. criminal justice system c. offender
b. victim d. community

17. 33. Labeling theory is not overly concerned with questions of why an individual
engages in deviant behavior.
a. True
b. False

18. Left realists stress the necessity of a _______ strategy in a capitalist society.
a. crime-control c. community-oriented
b. problem-oriented d. crime-prevention

19. _____ produces about 90% of the cocaine powder entering the United States.
a. Bolivia c. Colombia
b. Peru d. Brazil

20. _____ involve violent behaviors induced by the effects of a drug or illegal activity that is
motivated by continued drug use.
a. drug-related crimes c. crimes associated with drug use
b. drug-defined crimes d. drug use associated with crimes
21. All of the following are considered cons for a maintenance/decriminalization policy
EXCEPT:
a. more people would be tempted to try legalized controlled substances which could
result in an increase
in abuse-related problems
b. legalizing psychoactive substances would convey some form of acceptance of their
use, similar to
alcohol and tobacco use
c. drugs that are easily available to adults could be abused by youths, similar to
cigarettes and alcohol
d. the aggressive marketing strategies of traffickers would no longer be operative

22. All of the following are considered leading hypotheses that attempt to explain the drug-
crime association EXCEPT:
a. drug use influences criminal behavior by creating the need to finance a drug habit
b. drug use and criminal behavior have common cause
c. drug use influences criminal behavior by inhibiting behavior
d. deviance increases the likelihood of drug use later

23. Over 50% of Americans age 12 and older reported using alcohol at least once in a 30-
day period.
a. true
b. false

24. The most commonly used illicit drug is methamphetamine with 18.1 million users
nation-wide.
a. true
b. false

25. It was not until the early ______ that the act of smoking marijuana was considered a
social problem in the United States.
a. 1700s c. 1900s
b. 1800s d. 20th Century