Packet switched-

Core
Provided by: Soroush Ghamari
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 Packet Switched
What is GPRS?
General Packet Radio Service

Why GPRS?
In order to provide the data service out the scope of the fixed network

GPRS network classification

GSM GPRS
UMTS GPRS
Some Abbreviation
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
TE : Terminal equipment
MT: Mobile terminal
BSS: Base Station Subsystem
UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
SGSN: Service GPRS Support Node
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
CG: Charging Gateway
OCS: online charging system
PCRF: Policy and charging rules function
BG: Bordering Gateway
PDN: Packet Data Network

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Some Abbreviation
MSC/VLR: Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register
SMS-GMSC: Gateway MSC For Short Message Service
SMS-IWMSC: Short Message Service Interworking MSC
SCP: Service Control Point
GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center
HLR: Home Location Register
EIR: Equipment Identity Register
CDR: Customer Data Records
VOBB: Voice Over Broadband Business

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Network topology

Internet

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Network topology

OCS PCRF
Gy Gx

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NETWORK ENTITY: Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)

The mobility management functions are used to keep
track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN
or within another PLMN.

Session management
Session Management function manages the PDP
context of MS.

Security management
Identify and authenticate the subscriber identity and
check the validity of service requests of subscribers so
that only valid subscribers can access services provided
by the network.

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NETWORK ENTITY: Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
GMM Main procedures
Attach procedure
Detach
RAU
Service request
Purge function

Session management procedures

PDP context activation
PDP context deactivation
PDP context modification
PDP context preservation

Security Management
Authentication
User Identity Confidentiality
User Data and Signaling Confidentiality
Identity Check

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NETWORK ENTITY: Getaway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
QOS and traffic management
What is QOS?
QOS classification
1. Conversational
2. Streaming
3. Interactive
4. Background
What is traffic management?
Charging
Can be bases on time or volume
Offline charging
o By GGSN and CG and BS.
o Sending generated eG-CDRs and to CG.
o The standard charging data is sent to a billing system (BS) for
final processing.
Online charging
o By GGSN and OCS.
o Sending online charging information to OCS on Gy Diameter
interface.
Admission control
Routing
Dynamic IP allocation
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NETWORK ENTITY: Charging Gateway (CG)

Real-time collection of GPRS CDRs

Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS CDRs
Pre-processing of GPRS CDRs
Sending GPRS CDRs to the mediation and billing
system

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NETWORK ENTITY: Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)

Usage based dynamic policy

Duration based dynamic policy
Period based dynamic policy
Service-zone based dynamic policy
Roaming-region based dynamic policy
Rating based dynamic policy
Subscriber notification
Quota Reset

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NETWORK ENTITY: HLR

Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data

User authentication
Providing location/routing information and processing
needed in mobility management and routing, for example
Saving and updating user service SGSN number and
address
GPRS user location deletion indication
Whether MS is reachable
Subscriber tracing (optional)

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Important Concept: PDP context

The PDP context is Packet Data Protocol context

PDP context contains all the information needed to
transfer user data between MS and GGSN.
A primary PDP context records the following
information:
PDP type
PDP address
QOS
APN resolution

PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN and RNC.

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Important Concept: PDP states

Inactivecannot transmit data

INACTIVE

Deactivate PDP Context

Activate PDP or
Context MM state change to IDLE
or PMM-DETACHED

ACTIVE

Activecan transmit data

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Important Concept : PDP Type and PDP Address
PDP Type
o IPV4
o IPV6
o PPP
PDP Address
o Static IP
o Is defined in HLR
o Public or Private (Valid or invalid)
o Dynamic IP
o Allocates by GGSN
o Valid or invalid

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Important Concept : Access Point Name (APN)

APN structure:

Network ID.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs

Network Operator
Identifier Identifier

Operator ID : fixed extension, must end with .gprs

Network ID shall not end with .gprs

MNC: mobile network code

MCC: mobile country code

Rightel.mnc20.mcc432.gprs
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Important Concept : PDP activation procedure

MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request

(PDP Type, PDP Address, Access Point Name,
QoS Requested) C1

2. Create PDP Context Request

3. Create PDP Context Response

4. Radio Access Bearer Setup Qos

Charging ID allocation
IP address
5. Update PDP Context Request

6. Update PDP Context Response

C2
7. Activate PDP Context Accept
PDP activation procedure : MS

MS start and send Active PDP context request to SGSN

Provide QoS parameter

Provide a APN-NI

Provide a static IP or null

Receive ACCEPT from SGSN

If the QoS not accept by MS, then starts delete PDP context
procedure.

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PDP activation procedure : SGSN

Check subscriber data

APN selection
default APN, APN provide from MS and the APN subscribed in HLR
APN-NI.APN-OI.GPRS
QoS negotiation
QoS provided from MS, default QoS , QoS subscribed in HLR
Send message create PDP context request to GGSN
RAB assignment
Send message active PDP context accept to MS
Dynamic IP address
QoS

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PDP activation procedure : GGSN

Check the APN provided by SGSN

QoS negotiation
Allocate a dynamic IP to the MS
Allocate a charging ID for the PDP context
Return a CREATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message to SGSN
Dynamic IP
QoS
Charging ID
Other information
Update PDP context

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 E-mail from fixed to mobile network

HLR

BTS/No BSC/RN GGSN

SGSN
deB C Backbone

Access
MS server

ISP
Mail
server
e-mail

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 E-mail from mobile to fixed network

HLR

BTS/No BSC/RN GGSN

SGSN
deB C Backbone

Access
MS server

ISP
Mail
server
e-mail

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Thank you

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