Product Description
Version: D
Code: MN000000428
May 2014
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Related Documentation
Document Description
I
Document Description
II
Version
Version Description
A Initial version.
Corresponds to the OTNM2000 version: V2.0R5 (Build04.
B
20.05.32SP10).
Intended Readers
u Commissioning engineers
u MPLS-TP technology
u Ethernet technology
III
Conventions
Terminology Conventions
Terminology Convention
FiberHome CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP
CiTRANS 660
Platform
FiberHome e-Fim OTNM2000 Element Management
OTNM2000
System
IV
Symbol Conventions
Cascading
Connects multi-level menu options.
menu
Bidirectional
The service signal is bidirectional.
service
Unidirectional
The service signal is unidirectional.
service
V
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................I
Version ..........................................................................................................III
Conventions ................................................................................................. IV
1 Overview ........................................................................................................1
4 Product Composition.....................................................................................38
4.2.1 Cabinet.............................................................................41
4.2.2 PDP .................................................................................44
4.2.3 Subrack............................................................................45
4.2.4 Fiber Guide Unit................................................................48
4.2.5 Card Overview..................................................................49
4.2.6 The NMUJ1 Card..............................................................56
4.2.7 The AIFJ1 / AIFJ2 Card.....................................................57
4.2.8 The XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 Card.................................................57
4.2.9 The XGJ1 Card.................................................................59
4.2.10 The XSJ2 / XSJ3 Card ......................................................59
4.2.11 The GSJ2 / GSJ3 Card .....................................................60
4.2.12 The S1J1 / S1J2 / S1J4 Card ............................................63
4.2.13 The ESJ1 / ESJ2 Card ......................................................64
4.2.14 The S1O1 Card ................................................................65
4.2.15 The E1J1 / E1J2 Card.......................................................66
4.2.16 The IEJ1 / IEJ2 Card.........................................................67
4.2.17 The IFJ1 Card...................................................................67
8 OAM Function.............................................................................................120
Brief Introduction
Network Application
Version: D 1
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The following introduces the architecture and features of the CiTRANS 660.
The CiTRANS 660, based on the packet technology, is the transport equipment
offered by FiberHome. With the packet switching as its inner core, the equipment
implements the transportation of multi-services at multi-rates. It combines the
flexibility of the Ethernet with the high reliability and security of the transport network
to meet the service development trend toward IP.
The CiTRANS 660 not only uses the MPLS-TP (Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Transport Profile) forward technology that is especially optimized for the
telecommunication bearer network, but also configures complete OAM (Operation,
Administration and Maintenance) and protection switching mechanism. It acquires
the advantage of both the packet transport network and the TDM network, and
provides carrier-class services.
The main features of the CiTRANS 660 include the following aspects:
u Service capability
2 Version: D
1 Overview
u Security design
4 Supports ACLs (Access Control Lists) based on the forwarding plane and
control plane.
4 Supports allocation and management of user levels and rights and user
access control.
Version: D 3
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Compared with the TDM, the MPLS-TP performs built-in statistic multiplexing,
provides connection-oriented flexible bearing tunnels with high bearing
efficiency and low transmission cost per bit.
The following introduces the product orientation and network modes of the
CiTRANS 660.
The CiTRANS 660 is mainly used at the distribution layer of the metropolitan area
packet network and the core layer of the small and medium-sized cities network. Its
purpose is to transmit packet services inside the network and converges services to
the backbone data network, so as to set up the unified packet bearer network.
4 Version: D
1 Overview
The CiTRANS 660 can be used together with the traditional MSTP (Multi-Service
Transfer Platform based on the TDM) equipment to implement interconnection
between Ethernet services and TDM services, and can be networked with the
remote end MPLS-TP equipment.
See Figure 1-1 for the application of the CiTRANS 660 in the system.
Version: D 5
2 Product Function
The CiTRANS 660 supports multiple service types and provides various functions to
guarantee the transmission quality and efficiency of services.
Interface Type
Network Capability
Protection Capability
DCN Construction
6 Version: D
2 Product Function
The CiTRANS 660 provides two switching capacities (160G and 320G) based on
the packet switching. The switching capacity of the equipment depends on the
switching capacity of the clock and cross-connect card.
The following introduces the accessed service types of the CiTRANS 660 and the
corresponding access capability.
Table 2-2 lists various interfaces which provide the access capacity of multiple
services.
Access Capability of a
Interface Applicable Slot Remark
Card (Unit: Channel)
Version: D 7
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Access Capability of a
Interface Applicable Slot Remark
Card (Unit: Channel)
The CiTRANS 660 provides abundant service interfaces, as shown in Table 2-3.
8 Version: D
2 Product Function
Channelized STM-1
Based on EOS, S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2
interface
Connector
Interface Type Description
Type
Version: D 9
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Connector
Interface Type Description
Type
Mainly applicable in the distribution layer of the metropolitan area packet network,
the CiTRANS 660 is in charge of the transmission of the packet services in the
network and make the services converged in the data backbone network.
With strong service grooming and convergence capability, the CiTRANS 660 can
meet the unified bearer requirements of the 2G / 3G / LTE. It provides the following
network interfaces:
u 10GE
u GE
u FE
u STM-1
u E-Line service
u E-LAN service
u E-Tree service
See Table 2-5 for the application scenarios of the Ethernet services of the
CiTRANS 660.
10 Version: D
2 Product Function
Item Description
Service type FE, GE, 10GE FE, GE, 10GE FE, GE, 10GE
Network
GE, 10GE GE, 10GE GE, 10GE
interface type
See Figure 2-1 for the typical network of the CiTRANS 660 in the Ethernet E-Line
service.
Version: D 11
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Figure 2-1 Typical Network of the CiTRANS 660 in the E-Line Service
See Figure 2-2 for the typical network of the CiTRANS 660 in the Ethernet E-LAN
service.
Figure 2-2 Typical Network of the CiTRANS 660 in the E-LAN Service
See Figure 2-3 for the typical network of the CiTRANS 660 in the Ethernet E-Tree
service.
12 Version: D
2 Product Function
Figure 2-3 Typical Network of the CiTRANS 660 in the E-Tree Service
u E1 service
u STM-1 service
See Table 2-6 for the application conditions of the CES services of the CiTRANS
660.
Item Description
Version: D 13
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Item Description
See Figure 2-4 for the typical network of the CiTRANS 660 in the CES service.
The LTE (Long Term Evolution), also known as the 3.9G standard, is a brand name
of the emerging and developed technology that comprises the existing 3G and 4G
networks. It improves the 3G wireless access technology and uses the OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-
Output) as the unique standard of the wireless network evolution. Under the 20 MHz
spectrum bandwidth, the LTE provides the peak rate of 326 Mbit/s for downlink and
86 Mbit/s for uplink. The main advantages of the LTE are larger cell capacity, lower
latency, and better user experience.
14 Version: D
2 Product Function
The LTE technology supports larger bandwidth for uplink and downlink, and
provides high-speed wireless access service for users. The LTE technology
requires more from the bearer network, includes high-ratio, large capacity, low delay,
accurate synchronization and stable mechanisms of protection and restoration.
The CiTRANS 660 meets the requirements for the bearer network by the LTE
standard. The typical network of the CiTRANS 660 in the LTE service is shown in
Figure 2-5.
The CiTRANS 660 still acts as the trunk convergence node. The eNodeB not only
provides the functions of the original NodeB but also provides the most functions of
the original RNC (Radio Network Controller), and the original backbone networks
are merged and simplified into MME and SGW, so that the structure of the LTE
network is optimized and is more reliable.
The CiTRANS 660 provides equipment level protection, network level protection,
and network management information protection.
Version: D 15
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 660 provides abundant types of equipment level hot standby
protections and TPS (Tributary Protection Switching) protections, as shown in
Table 2-7.
When the CiTRANS 660 is equipped with two NMUJ1 cards, the NMUJ1 card will
execute the active / standby switching if one of the following triggering conditions
are met.
When the CiTRANS 660 is equipped with two XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 cards, the XCUJ2 /
XCUJ4 card will execute the active / standby switching if one of the following
triggering conditions are met.
16 Version: D
2 Product Function
TPS Protection of the E1J1 Card and the ESJ1 / ESJ2 Card
Objects of TPS protection are cards whose wires and cables are led out through
terminal boards. When a working card is faulty, the signals from a terminal board to
the faulty card will be switched to the normal protection card via software and
hardware operations, so as to ensure normal transmission of services.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the TPS protection for E1 services and FE services.
The TPS protection will be implemented when one of the following circumstances
occurs.
The CiTRANS 660 has two power and auxiliary terminal boards (AIFJ1 or AIFJ2)
configured in the slots 10 and 11, which are in the active / standby mode and serve
at the hot standby for each other.
When the active power and auxiliary terminal board fails, the standby power and
auxiliary terminal board will start to provide power supply for the equipment instead
of the active one, so as guarantee the normal operations of the equipment.
Version: D 17
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Short Wrapping
In LSP 1:1 protection, the protection path is used to protect the services transmitted
over the working path. When the working path fails, the service switches to the
protection path. The service protected by the LSP 1:1 protection is single-fed and
single-received.
Depending on whether the service is switched to the working path after the working
path is back to normal, the LSP protection can be divided into revertive and non-
revertive modes. And depending on whether the Rx and Tx ends of the service are
assisting the switching when the switching occurs, the LSP protection can be
divided into unidirectional and bidirectional protections.
In LSP 1:1 protection, the active / standby status and switching status are
exchanged on the protection path through the APS protocol. The equipment at both
ends performs service switching according to protocol status and switching status.
PW APS Protection
In PW APS protection, the working and protection PWs are pre-created. When the
working PW is faulty, the service will be switched to the protection PW, so as to
protect the service.
u PW 1:1 protection: in case of the same source and same sink, if the APS
function is enabled, the working/protection PW implements connectivity check
via the VC layer OAM, and performs protection switching, switching delay and
WTR by coordinating the source and sink ports via the APS protocol.
18 Version: D
2 Product Function
u PW redundancy protection: in case of the same source and different sink, if the
APS function is disabled, the working/protection PW implements connectivity
check via the VC layer OAM, and supports triggering switching by CSF.
Wrapping Protection
SNCP is used to protect internal subnet connections of the carrier's network. The
SNCP 1+1 protection service is dual-fed and selectively-received while the SNCP
1:1 protection service is single-fed and single-received.
Two independent subnet connections exist in the working space of the SNCP 1+1
and 1:1 protection. All services and channels transferred in the working subnet are
protected by the protection subnet. The SNCP protection, similar to the LSP
protection, is divided into revertive and non-revertive, unidirectional and bidirectional
protection, etc.
In SNCP 1:1 protection, the active / standby status and switching status are
exchanged on the protection path through the APS protocol. The equipment at both
ends performs service switching according to protocol status and switching status.
Dual-homing Protection
Version: D 19
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
A Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is a group of physical Ethernet interfaces with the
same rate that are bound as a logical interface for the purpose of increasing the
bandwidth and protecting link protection.
LAG provides larger bandwidth and higher reliability of the links. Members of the
port aggregation group perform mutual dynamic backup protection; when one link
fails, other links will take over the traffic load of the failed link to achieve load sharing.
The DL 1+1 / 1:1 protection is implemented between two adjacent nodes to protect
services on the line via the protection line. When the working line is faulty, the
protection line will receive services.
The CiTRANS 660 provides the protection channel for the network management
information. By connecting the NE which needs the network management
information protection to the data communication network and then connecting it to
the network management host, the CiTRANS 660 can set up the protection channel
for the network management information.
The CiTRANS 660 uses the OTNM2000 Element Management System (hereinafter
referred to as the OTNM2000). The OTNM2000 is the subnet of the TMN and
designed in line with the OSI standard of ISO.
20 Version: D
2 Product Function
The OTNM2000 at the central office performs uniform management of the CiTRANS
660, with advantages of a large control range, high management efficiency, and low
maintenance cost.
u Network information configuration: Involves physical link of the network; sets up,
modifies or deletes service paths; reconfigures the paths and equipment and
recovers the route when the network is faulty.
The CiTRANS 660 performs performance and alarm management via the
OTNM2000, implements real-time collection, alert, filter, browse, confirmation,
clearance and statistics of performance and alarms as well as alarm relevance
analysis and fault diagnosis.
Version: D 21
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The DCN is a part of the network management, and is used to transmit network
management information.
The CiTRANS 660 supports multiple DCN construction modes. In these modes,
users can implement isolation between the management communication network
and the signaling communication network, and can achieve the in-band DCN
network and out-of-band DCN network modes.
The in-band DCN network refers to the network mode that uses the service
channels provided by the managed equipment to manage the network equipment.
In this mode, the network management information is transmitted via the service
channels of the equipment.
The features of the in-band DCN network are the flexibility and that no extra
equipment is required.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the in-band DCN network interfaces as follows:
u 10GE interface
u GE interface
u FE interface
u STM-1 interface
u E1 interface
22 Version: D
2 Product Function
The out-of-band DCN network refers to the network mode that uses the channels
other than the service channels to transmit the network management information, so
as to accomplish the management on the network.
Compared with the in-band DCN network mode, the out-of-band DCN network
mode provides more reliable management channels. The users can get the network
management information and implement real-time monitoring when the service
channel fails.
Version: D 23
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Remote upgrade capability: Supports the remote upgrade of the card software.
u Intelligent fan: Sets the fan working mode and temperature threshold using the
OTNM2000, and adjusts the fan rotation speed automatically according to the
reported temperature.
24 Version: D
2 Product Function
The CiTRANS 660 has the card bootstrap capability. When a new card is added
during the normal operations of the NMUJ1 card of the CiTRANS 660, the CiTRANS
660 will automatically detect the information of the added card, such as the bureau /
subrack / slot and network block / NE to which the card belongs and the card name,
and then report the information to the OTNM2000 for users to query and save the
detected configuration data. Consequently, this simplifies the management
configuration procedures and facilitates the project commissioning and
maintenance.
Remote login is one of the most original services provided by the Internet. Via the
remote login, users can enjoy the same convenience in controlling the computer in
the remote end of the network as controlling the computer that is in the users side.
The remote login function is widely applied to the transmission network such as
TDM, especially applied to large-scale project commissioning, equipment upgrading,
and network supervision and maintenance.
The CiTRANS 660 supports remote upgrade of the FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate)
and BMU (Basic Measurement Unit) software of various cards through the remote
computer. This facilitates project start-up and maintenance, and also meets future
upgrading requirements of the system.
The CiTRANS 660 provides two channels of -48 V power supply induction. The
system uses the NMUJ1 card to supervise status of the power supply and the
temperature of the equipment in real time.
u Power supply supervision: Supervises the status of the power supply in real
time. As long as the active power supply failure is detected, the standby power
supply starts to provide power for the equipment, so as to guarantee the normal
operations of the equipment.
Version: D 25
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Through the external supervision interfaces of the NMUJ1 card, the CiTRANS 660
monitors the environment conditions (e.g., temperature and alarms) of the
equipment room in real time.
The CiTRANS 660 acquires the intelligent fan feature, namely controlling the
rotation speed of the fan through setting the intelligent fans operating mode and
temperature threshold, so as to adjust the temperature inside the equipment and
guarantee the cards are operating under the normal temperature.
Operating Mode
Set via delivering a control command Intelligent Fan Control on the NMUJ1 card.
u Intelligent control mode: In this mode, the system adjusts the rotation speed of
the fan intelligently, according to the highest temperature detected in cards
under the domination of the fan. The rotation speed of the fan has four levels:
full speed, fast, slow and stopped.
u Forcible full speed mode: In this mode, the fan is not adjusted intelligently, and
forced to run with full speed.
Temperature Threshold
Configure the items of intelligent fan temperature threshold 1-3 at the network
management GUI of the NMUJ1 card, and three temperature thresholds can be
configured: intelligent fan threshold 1, intelligent fan threshold 2 and intelligent fan
threshold 3.
The value range of the three thresholds above should be: 0 < intelligent fan
threshold 1 < intelligent fan threshold 2 < intelligent fan threshold 3 < 50.
Table 2-9 lists correspondence relationships between the rotation speed level and
the temperature threshold.
26 Version: D
2 Product Function
Table 2-9 Correspondence Relationships between Rotation Speed Level and Temperature
Threshold
The Highest Temperature in Card under the Domination of Rotation Speed Level of the
the Fan Intelligent Fan
Version: D 27
3 Product Feature
QoS Feature
OAM Feature
ACL Feature
VPN Feature
Clock Feature
28 Version: D
3 Product Feature
Traffic Classification
The CiTRANS 660 supports the traffic classification of the data messages. It divides
the messages into different priorities and service types, and applies the other QoS
features to different classifications, so as to perform the congestion management
and traffic shaping based on classification. The traffic classification is the
prerequisite to implement QoS strategy on the messages.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the CAR function, and both the Color-Blind mode and
the Color-Aware mode are supported.
The default traffic bandwidth control policy is: to discard red messages and let
yellow and green messages pass.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the add / drop traffic bandwidth control policy of
multiple layers, including:
Version: D 29
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 660 supports the DiffServ mode, and can implement PHB (Per-Hop
Behavior) defined by related standards in the MPLS-TP network. This enables
network operators to provide different service guarantees at different QoS levels for
users.
u In data forwarding, the CiTRANS 660 supports the mapping from the user
priority level and the VC layer priority level of the received messages to the
PHB, as well as the mapping from the PHB of the transmitted messages to the
VC / VP layer priority level.
u The CiTRANS 660 can set VPWS channel, VPWS flow and PHB of the
VPLSVS and VPLS emulate LAN interface.
u Users can either choose from the existed mapping table for the PHB and the
VC priority level, or set a specific PHB service level.
Congestion Control
When the network congestion occurs or intensifies, the CiTRANS 660 will
guarantee the QoS of the services with high priority level via certain queue buffering
management strategies.
The CiTRANS 660 supports two kinds of queue buffering management strategies:
tail drop and WRED.
u Tail drop
Tail drop: a buffer queue buffers the messages, not differentiating the discard
level. When the queue is full, drop the messages that arrive later directly.
u WRED
Queue Scheduling
When the congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 660 will provide QoS guarantee for the
service types with high levels via different queue scheduling strategies.
30 Version: D
3 Product Feature
The CiTRANS 660 supports the following two kinds of queue scheduling strategies:
u SP
u WFQ
Access link OAM performs the end-to-end OAM function for the service, and tests
the quality of the Ethernet link that crosses multiple NEs.
Version: D 31
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 660 supports access link OAM mechanism compliant with IEEE
802.3ah standard, monitors single link and tests link connection, obtains statistical
information of the remote interface and provides threshold-crossing alarms of the
error information.
MPLS-TP OAM
MPLS-TP OAM mechanism can effectively detect, confirm and locate the defect that
originates from inside the MPLS layer network and monitor the network
performance. The equipment can trigger the protection switching using the
detecting status of OAM, so as to implement quick fault detection and service
protection. The monitoring of network performance includes packet loss rate, delay
and jitter. This guarantees the quality of carrier-class service in the packet switched
network.
The CiTRANS 660 supports OAM mechanism in line with MPLS-TP standards, has
abundant overhead capability similar to TDM, so as to perform functions such as
hierarchical network automatic fault diagnosis, protection switching, performance
monitoring, fault isolation, signal integrity monitoring, etc. The MPLS-TP OAM
mechanism also performs OAM monitoring at all layers of MPLS-TP and supports
proactive and on-demand OAMs.
Ethernet OAM
Ethernet OAM, a tool of monitoring network problems, works at the data link layer,
reports network status via the regular interacting of OAM PDU between devices and
assists network administrators in efficiently managing the network.
The CiTRANS 660 supports Ethernet layer OAM mechanism in line with 802.1ag
standard, supports proactive and on-demand fault management mechanisms, and
performs functions such as Ethernet continuity check, loopback detection, link
tracing message, alarm indication message, maintenance communication channel
message, and remote defect indication.
32 Version: D
3 Product Feature
The CiTRANS 660 supports the ACL (Access Control List) function of IPV6 and
IPV4, and classifies the messages by configuring a serial of matching conditions. As
a message filtering rule, the ACL is applied widely in the functions related to security
and QoS.
u Private: For the VPN users, no difference exists between the VPN and the
traditional private network. The VPN has independent resource from the
underlying network, which means that the VPN resource will not be occupied
by non-VPN users in the network. VPN also provides security guarantee to
prevent external intrusion.
L2VPN
u E-Line
u E-LAN
u E-Tree
u CES
Version: D 33
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 660 supports clock synchronization at the physical layer, provides
external clock input / output interface and the internal system clock of the equipment,
as well as complies with the IEEE 1588 v2 synchronization protocol.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the time synchronization scheme with the highest
precision and will not be influenced by network delay and jitter. It also supports
separated transmission and common-channel transmission of the high-precision
synchronization signal, and supports multiple time transmission modes such as OC,
TC and BC, using the advanced BMC algorithm. The entire network provides the
IEEE1588v2 time synchronization using the MPLS-TP to meet the time
synchronization requirement from LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD, which has better cost
advantage the GPS.
The clock synchronization at the physical layer is to extract the clock information
from the transmission link physical channel and perform frequency synchronization.
The CiTRANS 660 can extract clock information from the following transmission
links:
The CiTRANS 660 supports two channels of external clock source input / output
with the 75 or 120 clock interface. The two channels of external clock source
input / output enable the 1+1 protection.
The CiTRANS 660 can provide 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s (HDB3) stratum-3
synchronization reference source externally.
The CiTRANS 660 supports locked, holdover and free running modes, processes
and transfers SSM (Synchronization Status Message) with the maximum
processing capability of SSM in 52 directions.
34 Version: D
3 Product Feature
The CiTRANS 660 supports the following features defined in IEEE 1588:
u Supports clock synchronization and time synchronization using the IEEE 1588
protocol as follows.
u Supports three clock modes. Each port can be set to a certain mode as
required.
The CiTRANS 660's internal system clock unit is embedded in the XCUJ2 / XCUJ4
card, providing clock functions for the entire system.
The clock unit meets the requirements of the ITU-T G.8261 protocol. It provides the
synchronous Ethernet equipment with the system clock compliant with G.8262
references, and accepts various timing reference sources. It offers the stratum-3
clock for the exterior and makes the CiTRANS 660 adaptable to various
environments and enables flexible network.
u Provides stable timing frame alignment and multiframe alignment pulses for the
system.
u The CiTRANS 660 can provide 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s (HDB3) stratum-3
synchronization reference source externally.
Version: D 35
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Supports an interlock between two cards and smooth switching between the
clock units of the equipment.
The EMC / EMI standards followed by the CiTRANS 660 are listed in Table 3-2.
36 Version: D
3 Product Feature
The safety standards followed by the CiTRANS 660 are listed in Table 3-3.
Version: D 37
4 Product Composition
Logical Architecture
Hardware Structure
Software Architecture
38 Version: D
4 Product Composition
The CiTRANS 660 functional modules include the service processing module, the
element management module, the clock and time control module, the cooling
module, and the power supply module. See Figure 4-1 for each module's function.
The service processing module includes the client interface, line interface, and
packet switching chip.
u Client interface and line interface: the interface for the service communication
between the CiTRANS 660 and the external clients and lines. The CiTRANS
660 can access multiple services via client side interfaces and line side
interfaces.
Version: D 39
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The clock and time control module supports the IEEE1588 / 802.1as protocols that
synchronize the frequency and the time.
u Processes and transfers SSM, and receives input timing signals through the
external clock interface. After preferential selection and phase locked
synchronization of the external synchronization reference sources, the clock
and time control module provides system timing for various modules of the
system, and also provides timing signal output.
u Supports time synchronization and receives time signal through the external
time interface to provide synchronization time for each module in the system
and provide time signal output at the same time.
Cooling Module
The cooling module provides adequate air flow to facilitate heat dissipation. It
consists of three fan units and the intelligent fan control software with the following
functions:
u Supports the full-speed, fast, and slow speed choices of the intelligent fan and
the fan stop function.
40 Version: D
4 Product Composition
The power supply module provides power supply for each module in the system.
The CiTRANS 660 is composed of the cabinet, PDP, subracks, fiber passage units,
and cards.
4.2.1 Cabinet
The following introduces the appearance and equipment layout of the 21-inch
cabinet.
4.2.1.1 Appearance
See Figure 4-2 for the appearance and structure of the 21-inch cabinet.
Version: D 41
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Figure 4-3 shows the typical layout of the CiTRANS 660s components inside the
cabinet.
42 Version: D
4 Product Composition
Numbers of subracks that can be installed inside a cabinet depend on the height of
the cabinet. When planning the layout of the CiTRANS 660s components, users
need to follow the principles below:
u To ensure the air cooling, users should reserve the space with a height of 125
mm between subracks, and the space with a height of 200 mm between the
subrack and the bottom of the cabinet.
u Users should reserve the more space in the cabinet if expansion is needed.
Version: D 43
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Table 4-1 shows the number of the subracks can be installed in the cabinets of
different heights according to the principles mentioned previously.
2000600306 1
2200600306 1
2600600306 1 to 2
4.2.2 PDP
The following introduces the appearance and functions of the PDP used by a 21-
inch cabinet.
4.2.2.1 Appearance
The PDP is located at the top of the cabinet, and its appearance and structure are
shown in Figure 4-4.
44 Version: D
4 Product Composition
4.2.2.2 Function
The PDP mainly performs the induction and distribution of the external power supply,
and the alarm signal processing. It leads in the power supplies from the exterior and
distributes them among the devices to be fed in the cabinet. It also receives alarm
signals from devices in the cabinet, displays and outputs the alarms.
The CiTRANS 660 uses the 23-branch -48 V / 40 A PDP, which provides the
following functions:
u Inducts two channels of -48 V power supply (one active and the other standby)
from the external (e.g. the power cabinet) and provides six sets of branch
power rails for 3 subracks.
u Receives the alarm information from subrack, displays the alarm using the
alarm unit on the top of cabinet, and reports to the higher level equipment (such
as the head of row cabinet).
4.2.3 Subrack
The subrack is used to contain various types of cards to achieve the signal
exchange between cards and the subrack backplane.
4.2.3.1 Structure
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
(1) Mounting ear (2) Subrack anti-dust screen (3) Fiber passage area
46 Version: D
4 Product Composition
Both the upper and lower parts of the CiTRANS 660 subrack have 16 card slots.
The bandwidth distribution of each slot is shown in Figure 4-6.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The fiber guide unit of the CiTRANS 660 is installed on the top of the subrack, used
to arrange the optical fibers at the upper half part of the subrack, the subrack power
cables, and the subrack signal cables.
The fiber guide unit is composed of the wire binding rail and the fiber groove. See
Figure 4-7. The wire binding rail is used to arrange the subrack power cables and
subrack signal cables; the fiber groove is used to arrange the optical fibers at the
upper half part of the subrack.
48 Version: D
4 Product Composition
The following discusses the dimensions, types, and positions of the cards in the
CiTRANS 660 system , as well as the correspondence relationship between the
cards and the slots.
According to their dimensions, the CiTRANS 660s cards can be divided into higher
order slot cards and lower order slot cards, which are respectively configured in the
corresponding higher order slot card area and lower order slot card area of the
CiTRANS 660 cabinet. The following discusses the dimensions of the two types of
cards respectively, as shown in Table 4-3.
The dimensions, main components, and signs of a lower order slot card are shown
in Figure 4-8 (here we take the E1J2 card as an example).
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The dimensions, main components, and signs of a higher order slot card are shown
in Figure 4-9 (here we take the S1O1 card as an example).
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4 Product Composition
Dimensions of a Card
The dimensions of each card of the CiTRANS 660 are shown in Table 4-3.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Interface terminal
IEJ1, IEJ2, IFJ1 Accessing E1 and FE signals.
board
Figure 4-10 shows the positions of common CiTRANS 660 cards in the system.
52 Version: D
4 Product Composition
The following introduces the corresponding relationship between cards and slots,
and between terminal boards and service cards.
Table 4-5 lists correspondence relationships between the cards and the subrack
slots.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Table 4-5 Correspondence Relationships between the Cards and the Subrack Slots
Panel
Card Name Slot Quantity Remark
Name
NMUJ1 NE management card 00, 01 1 to 2 00: compulsory; 01 optional.
Optional
u Only the 1st interfaces of the slots
02 to 05, 0E, and 0F are available
due to the bandwidth limit of the
10G optical interface
XSJ3 02 to 08, 0B to 0F 0 to 12 backplane.
card
u Only the first two optical interfaces
of the slots 06 to 07, 0E, and 0F
are available due to the bandwidth
limit of the backplane.
Optional
u Only the 1st optical interfaces of
the slots 02 to 05, 0E, and 0F are
available due to the bandwidth limit
GE / 10GE mixed
XGJ1 02 to 08, 0B to 0F 1 to 2 of the backplane.
interface card
u Only the first two optical interfaces
of the slots 06 to 07, 0E, and 0F
are available due to the bandwidth
limit of the backplane.
The GSJ2
GE switch card 02 to 08, 0B to 0F 0 to 12 Optional
Card
54 Version: D
4 Product Composition
Table 4-5 Correspondence Relationships between the Cards and the Subrack Slots
(Continued)
Panel
Card Name Slot Quantity Remark
Name
Optional
u Only the 1st optical interfaces of
the slots 12 to 15, 1C to 1F are
available due to the bandwidth limit
The GSJ3
GE interface card 12 to 1F 0 to 14 of the backplane.
Card
u Only the first two optical interfaces
of the slots 16 to 1B are available
due to the bandwidth limit of the
backplane.
FE switch card
The ESJ1 Optional, cooperated with the FE
(supporting the electrical 16 to 1C 0 to 7
Card terminal board.
interface protection)
Optional
Only the first four optical interfaces of
The S1J4 STM-1 optical interface
12 to 1F 0 to 14 the slots 12 to 15, 1C to 1F are
Card card (8 channels)
available due to the bandwidth limit of
the backplane.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Table 4-6 Corresponding Relationship between Processing Cards and Terminal Board Slots
The following introduces the number and functions of the NMUJ1 card.
4.2.6.2 Function
u Supports accessing and processing the MCC data and the channel overheads.
u Monitors the power supply of the power card, detects the ambient temperature,
and controls the intelligent fan of the system.
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4 Product Composition
u Supports the interconnection and communication among the EMU, the BMU,
the ASCU, and the network management system.
u Implements the communication between the NMUJ1 and various cards such as
the optical / electrical interface card.
The following introduces the number and functions of the AIFJ1 / AIFJ2 card.
4.2.7.2 Function
u Provides the -48 V power supply input, and the input current is not less than 40
A.
u Provides the clock interface CKIO, time interface TOD, Ethernet interface,
MON access and so on.
u The AIFJ1 terminal board and the AIFJ2 terminal board are in the active /
standby mode for the power supply.
The following introduces the number and functions of the XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 card.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
4.2.8.2 Function
u The XCUJ2 card provides the switching capacity of 320 G (the XCUJ4 card
provides the switching capacity of 160 G), and supports MAC, VLAN and MPLS
label switching.
u Provides 1+1 unidirectional trail protection and 1:1 bidirectional trail protection
and shared protection ring functions, supports the G.8131 and G.8132
protocols and achieves the protection switching time of the path and ring
network < 50 ms.
u Supports the SSM processing function. The system actually processes the
SSM information in up to 52 directions. Receives 8 kHz line synchronization
timing provided by each aggregate and tributary line card.
u Outputs local card status indication signals to the cards connected to the
interfaces, controlling the synchronization timing selection of each card.
u Automatically selects, traces and locks the appropriate clock reference, tracing
the external reference clock and line extraction clock.
u Supports the 1+1 hot standby protection mode, achieving the switching
between the active and standby XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 cards automatically or via the
network management system.
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4 Product Composition
The following introduces the number and functions of the XGJ1 card.
4.2.9.2 Function
u Performs the forwarding function of the data packets, including the MPLS frame
forwarding.
u Supports the service classification based on PW, interface, VLAN, IP, MAC,
802.1P, and DSCP.
The following introduces the number and functions of the XSJ2 / XSJ3 card.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
4.2.10.2 Function
u The XSJ2 card supports the access of two 10GE optical signals. The XSJ3
card supports the access of four 10GE optical signals.
u Performs the forwarding function of the data packets, including the MPLS frame
forwarding.
u Supports the service classification based on PW, interface, VLAN, IP, MAC,
802.1P, and DSCP.
The following introduces the number and functions of the GSJ2 / GSJ3 card.
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4 Product Composition
4.2.11.2 Function
4 The GSJ2 card provides 10GE UNI interfaces, offering the access
services for the clients.
4 Encapsulates the client service messages into MPLS messages and adds
to the MPLS-TP network for forwarding. At the same time, drops the
service messages in the MPLS-TP network and decapsulates the MPLS
messages into the client service messages.
4 Supports the service classification based on PW, port, VLAN, IP, MAC, and
802.1P.
4 Supports the locking on the Ethernet line clocks of the first two GE
interfaces, providing clock synchronization between the NE nodes for the
system.
4 Provides the forwarding channel for the services between the MPLS-TP
network nodes; and supports 10GE interface service forwarding.
4 Supports the MPLS frame forwarding, label Swap, Push, Pop and TTL
modification.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
4 Supports the locking on the line clocks of the first two GE interfaces,
providing clock synchronization between the NE nodes for the system.
4 The LAN1 to LAN6 are in the NNI port mode and LAN7 to LAN10 are in the
UNI port mode.
4 The corresponding port provides the functions when the card is configured
as the line card and tributary card.
u Processes the controlling signals of the active / standby clock and cross-
connect card and achieves the traffic of 1G or 2G via the GE interfaces on the
backplane.
u Performs the voltage conversion from -48V to 3.3V and provides voltage for
each module in the card.
u Supports the over- / under-voltage protection of the power supply and power
alarm monitoring.
Note:
The GSJ3 card can be installed in all the lower order slots in the subrack
with the bandwidth 1G or 2G. Only one or two GE interfaces are working.
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4 Product Composition
The following introduces the number and functions of the S1J1 / S1J2 / S1J4 card.
4.2.12.2 Function
u Supports 63E1 service circuit emulation function, achieving the access and
transparent transmission of the TDM services in the packet-switched network.
u Supports seamless handover between the active and standby XCU cards.
u Supports the online remote upgrade of the FPGA and BMU software.
u Supports 126E1 service circuit emulation function, achieving the access and
transparent transmission of the TDM services in the packet-switched network.
u Supports seamless handover between the active and standby XCU cards.
u Supports the online remote upgrade of the FPGA and BMU software.
u Supports 863E1 service circuit emulation function, achieving the access and
transparent transmission of the TDM services in the packet-switched network.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Supports seamless handover between the active and standby XCU cards.
u Supports the online remote upgrade of the FPGA and BMU software.
The following introduces the number and functions of the ESJ1 / ESJ2 card.
u The ESJ1 card number (not supporting the electrical interface protection):
2115322;
4.2.13.2 Function
u Supports two clock signals extracted from FE signals and produces 8 kbit/s
timing, through hardware designating and software selecting.
u Supports the over- / under-voltage protection of the power supply and power
alarm monitoring.
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4 Product Composition
u Supports the online remote upgrade of the FPGA and BMU software.
u Supports fault management, collecting and analyzing the card alarms and
Ethernet interface alarms, and then reporting the results.
u The ESJ1 card (with electrical interface protection) supports the TPS protection
using the terminal board.
u Supports two clock signals extracted from FE signals and produces 8 kbit/s
timing, through hardware designating and software selecting.
u Supports the over- / under-voltage protection of the power supply and power
alarm monitoring.
u Supports the online remote upgrade of the FPGA and BMU software.
u Supports fault management, collecting and analyzing the card alarms and
Ethernet interface alarms, and then reporting the results.
The following introduces the number and functions of the S1O1 card.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
4.2.14.2 Function
u Extracts the SSM information to send to the clock and cross-connect card, and
receives the SSM information from the clock and cross-connect card.
The following introduces the number and functions of the E1J1 / E1J2 card.
4.2.15.2 Function
u The E1J1 card achieves the circuit emulation functions that encapsulates 1 to
16 channels of E1 signals to Ethernet signals with the GE rate.
u The E1J2 card achieves the circuit emulation functions that encapsulates 1 to
32 channels of E1 signals to Ethernet signals with the GE rate.
u Complies with the ITU-T Y.1413 recommendation, the IETF PW3 emulated
service, and the MEF8 frame structure.
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4 Product Composition
u Supports the over- / under-voltage protection of the power supply and power
alarm monitoring.
The following introduces the number and functions of the IEJ1 / IEJ2 card.
4.2.16.2 Function
u Supports the selection and driving of the signals from the ESJ1 interface card.
u Assists the E1J1 interface in performing the 1:n (n 6) card protection function
of the E1 electrical interface. When any of the active E1J1 interface cards has
faults, it connects the interface signals of the standby E1J1 interface card and
the active terminal board interfaces (bidirectionally), so as to perform the 1:n
protection.
The following introduces the number and functions of the IFJ1 card.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
4.2.17.2 Function
u Supports the selection and driving of the signals from the ESJ1 interface card.
u Provides 12 FE interfaces.
u Assists the ESJ1 interface card in performing the 1:n (n 6) card protection
function of the FE electrical interfaces in the system. When any of the active
ESJ1 interface cards has faults, it connects the interface signals of the standby
ESJ1 interface card and the active terminal board interfaces (bidirectionally), so
as to perform the 1:n protection.
4.3.1 Overview
The CiTRANS 660 uses modularized software architecture, including the card
management (BMU) software, element management (EMU) software and EMS (the
OTNM2000) software. The software mentioned previously operates on functional
cards, the MMU cards and network management system hosts respectively, and
works together to perform the configuration, management and supervision of the
equipment. The system software architecture is shown in Figure 4-11.
68 Version: D
4 Product Composition
The following are communication protocols and interfaces between various software
modules:
u The physical channel between network elements (i.e. EMUs) is the ESC
channel. The communication protocol applied is the IP protocol.
u The EMU card is interconnected with the BMU of a card via a LAN. The
communication protocol applied is the IP protocol.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The BMU software is embedded in each card to perform direct control of functional
circuits and support the NMUs management of cards. The main functions of this
software are described as follows:
u Collects and processes information of the card in real time, including instant
alarms, instant performances, instant statuses, etc.
u When cards are powered, they apply for configuration to the NMU, initiate
themselves according to the configuration, and enter the preset operating
status.
u When cards are in operations, they receive control commands delivered by the
NMU, execute the designated operations, and accept the NMU queries.
The NMU software uses an embedded real time multi-task operating system. Based
on the manager / agent model, the NMU software performs management on all
cards in NEs via a unified Ethernet bus.
The manager / agent application functional module includes manager (M) and
agent (A). At the NE layer, the NE management card (EMU) can be appointed
as either agent (A) or manager / agent (M / A) (named as an agent with
management functions).
4 When appointed as M / A, the EMU card acts as agent for the local NE and
also manages other NEs within its control. Its main function is to maintain
these remote objects.
The EML (Element Management Layer) provides manager functions for the M
of NEL (Network Element Layer) as well.
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4 Product Composition
The EMU software uses an embedded real time operating system to perform
intra-EMU resource management. The real time operating system supports
execution of applications, and conducts basic functions such as task
scheduling, memory management, peripheral product management, and
communication between processes.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The relationships between modules and functions of each module are described as
follows:
u The OTNM2000 collects alarm and performance event data of the managed
objects via the data collection module. After being analyzed and processed by
the data processing module, the data are saved in database. The OTNM2000
can use the SQL database or the Informix database.
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4 Product Composition
Version: D 73
5 Service Application
The following introduces the service types supported by the CiTRANS 660 as well
as the network applications of various service types.
Ethernet Service
CES Service
74 Version: D
5 Service Application
The CiTRANS 660 supports multiple types of Ethernet services, providing excellent
L2VPN solutions.
The VPN (Virtual Private Network) refers to the virtual private network provided for
clients via the public network by network operators. Constructing the private network
by utilizing the public network not only enables network operators to provide high-
performance and low-cost carrier-class network for users, but also provides a good
profiting mode for network operators themselves. But the traditional VPN has
obvious shortcomings in the following aspects: VPN extensibility, security,
management and maintenance, QoS and traffic engineering, so it cannot meet the
requirements of clients adequately.
To solve these problems, the L2VPN based on MPLS has emerged as the times
require. The L2VPN not only eliminates the shortcomings of traditional IP network,
frame relay and ATM network, but also has distinguished itself for following aspects:
security, real time, broad band, convenience and low construction cost. Therefore, it
can fully meet the requirements for VPN services of subscribers.
There are three modes for delivering Ethernet services using the CiTRANS 660.
Service Introduction
E-Line service means that the original private line service is replaced by the
Ethernet private one. Providing a point-to-point connection of the client data, it
transfers the dedicated packets from the client side port or the dedicated port to the
network side port, and transfers the packets received at the network side port to the
client side or other network side ports.
Depending on whether the service at the network side UNI port is multiplexed, the
E-Line services can be further divided into the following two categories:
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u EP-Line Ethernet private line service: not allow for service multiplexing.
Service Features
u Different types of services are totally isolated, but either the EP-Line or EVP-
Line can be used to transmit bandwidths.
Service Model
Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2 present a typical model of E-Line services provided by the
CiTRANS 660.
Corporation X and Corporation Y both have divisions in City A and City B. The
divisions of Corporation X or Y can communicate with each other, but the
information between Corporation X and Corporation Y is strictly isolated.
The MPLS-TP network constructed by the CiTRANS 660 can provide E-Line
services for the Corporation X and Corporation Y via EP-Line or EVP-Line, meeting
the communication demands as well as ensuring the data security for both
corporations.
76 Version: D
5 Service Application
Service Application
u EP-Line mode
u EVP-Line mode
In this network mode, both corporations share the Tunnel but the services can
still be isolated by using different PW channels. See Table 5-2 for details.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Service Introduction
The E-LAN service is the most important and most widely used service type to
replace the original private LAN service with Ethernet. The E-LAN service is a
multipoint-to-multipoint service. In the E-LAN service, packets of certain ports or
certain packets of a port on the user side are forwarded to multiple ports on the
network side, and packets received from the network side are forwarded to ports on
the user side and other ports on the network side. Therefore the multipoint-to-
multipoint forwarding of user data is achieved.
The E-LAN service can be further classified into two types according to whether the
service of the UNI interface at network side is multiplexed.
Service Features
u Different services are totally isolated but the bandwidth can be used separately
(EP-LAN mode) or shared (EVP-LAN mode).
Service Model
As shown in Figure 5-3 and Figure 5-4, Corporation X has branches 1, 2 and 3
named as X-1, X-2 and X-3 in City A, B and C respectively; and Corporation Y has
branches 1, 2 and 3 named as Y-1, Y-2 and Y-3 in City A, B and C respectively. All
branches of each corporation should communicate with each other, but between the
Corporation X and Corporation Y the information must be isolated.
78 Version: D
5 Service Application
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Service Application
u EP-LAN mode
Take the network in Figure 5-3 for example. Services of three branches of
Corporation X are accessed via LAN1 ports of the ESJ1 cards of NE1, NE2 and
NE3 respectively; and services of three branches of Corporation Y are
accessed via LAN2 ports of the ESJ1 cards of NE1, NE2 and NE3 respectively.
Under this network mode, Corporation X and Corporation Y can meet service
requirements by using Tunnels separately. See Table 5-3 for the service
implementation.
u EVP-LAN mode
Take the network in Figure 5-4 for example. Services of three branches of
Corporation X are accessed via LAN1 ports of the ESJ1 cards of NE1, NE2 and
NE3 respectively; and services of three branches of Corporation Y are also
accessed via LAN1 ports of the ESJ1 cards of NE1, NE2 and NE3 respectively.
Under this network mode, Corporation X and Corporation Y can meet service
requirements by sharing Tunnels but using PWs separately. See Table 5-4 for
the service implementation.
80 Version: D
5 Service Application
Service Introduction
E-Tree services can be applied in ISP connection and provide basic networks for
multicast services such as IPTV. Depending on whether the service at the network
side UNI port is multiplexed, the E-Tree services can be further divided into the
following two categories:
Service Features
u Different LEAF services are totally isolated, but either the EP-Tree or EVP-Tree
can be used to transmit bandwidths.
Service Model
As shown in Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6, a mobile network operator constructs a 3G
network. In this project, the services of NodeBs in Area A and B should be
aggregated and transmitted to RNC. NodeBs in Area A are named as A-1 and A-2;
NodeBs in Area B are B-1 and B-2; RNC is C.
The parameters such as total bandwidth guarantee QoS should be configured at the
convergence node, and the client services at all NodeBs should be completely
isolated.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
This project is a typical E-Tree service application. The ROOT node and all LEAF
nodes, expect between the LEAF nodes, have communication demands in the EP-
Tree or EVP-Tree mode.
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5 Service Application
Service Application
u EP-Tree mode
As Figure 5-5 shows, A-1 and A-2 nodes in Area A are accessed via LAN1 and
LAN2 of NE1 respectively; B-1 and B-2 nodes in Area B are accessed via
LAN1' and LAN2' of NE2 respectively; RNC is accessed from LAN port 3 (LAN3)
of the ESJ1 card of NE3.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u EVP-Tree mode
As Figure 5-6 shows, A-1 and A-2 nodes in Area A are accessed via LAN1 and
LAN2 of NE1 respectively; B-1 and B-2 nodes in Area B are both accessed via
LAN1' of NE2; RNC is accessed from LAN port 3 (LAN3) of the ESJ1 card of
NE3.
With the CES (Circuit Emulation Service) technology, the CES circuit switched data
can be transparently transmitted in the packet transport network. The CiTRANS 660
supports emulation transparent transmission of the E1 CES service and the
channelized STM-1 service.
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5 Service Application
The CES is mainly applied in the wireless service and the business private line
service. The CiTRANS 660 is connected to the 2G / 3G station or the enterprise
private line through the E1 / channelized STM-1 line; it slices E1 / STM-1 signals
and encapsulates them into the data packet, and finally transmits the packet to the
opposite end via the MAN network through PW. See Figure 5-7.
The CiTRANS 660 supports CES in the structured emulation mode and the
unstructured emulation mode.
u Can identify and process the frame structure and transmit signaling in CES
frames;
u Can identify the frame structure of the CES service. It does not need to transmit
idle timeslot channels, but only extracts useful timeslots of CE devices from the
E1 traffic stream and then encapsulates them into PW packets for
transmission;
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Segments all CES services as bit streams and then encapsulates them for
transmission over a PW tunnel;
u Can transparently transmit CES traffic data and synchronous timing information.
It completely disregards any structure, and has no need to interpret the CES
data or to participate in the CES signaling;
The CES has very high requirements for the clock synchronization. The CiTRANS
660 provides multiple clock synchronization solutions for the CES, so as to ensure
the transmission of the CES clock.
u System clock.
The following introduces the wireless network service bearing solutions and clock
synchronization solutions.
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5 Service Application
In the earlier TDM network, the 2G wireless service is mainly the voice service with
relatively small data traffic. A BTS uses one to three E1 interfaces to connect with
the BSC. Some operators who have no fixed E1 lines need to rent the high-cost E1
private lines from their competitors. As the development and expansion of the RAN
have been welcomed by world-wide operators, the 2G RAN based on TDM can
hardly meet the requirements of high bandwidth utilization ratio, easy expansion and
flexible configuration. The IP-based 2G / 3G RAN is the development trend of the
wireless service bearer network.
The CiTRANS 660 can provide MPLS-based CES service and transmit E1 and
STM-1 signals using the PW3E technology. It implements the service data
transmission between the BTS and the BSC via cheap metro area Ethernet network.
See Figure 5-8 for the 2G / 3G RAN bearing solutions using the CiTRANS 660.
The 3G mobile service bearer network uses an external clock or the GPS to achieve
the time synchronization of the entire network. The CiTRANS 660 supports 1588v2
clock synchronization protocol, inputs and outputs time signals via the 1PPS&TOD
interface or the Ethernet line interface, and supports the time synchronization of the
entire network required by 3G services.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
As shown in Figure 5-9, the equipment in the bearer network uses the 1588v2
protocol to achieve the time synchronization. The NodeB supportive of 1588v2 uses
multicast 1588v2 time signals to achieve synchronization; the NodeB not supportive
of 1588v2 uses synchronized Ethernet or WAN interface to achieve frequency
synchronization.
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6 Protection Implementation
Network-Level Protection
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 660 provides abundant equipment level protections, which include
the 1+1 protection for the power card, the XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 card, and the NMUJ1
card, the TPS protection for the E1J1 card and the ESJ1 card.
The XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 card is the clock cross-connect card used for service cross-
connect, clock processing and output, protection switching, etc.
Protection Principle
When two XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 cards (one active and one standby) are installed on the
CiTRANS 660, only the active card will operate under the normal condition. But
when one of the switching triggering conditions occurs and the active card fails to
operate, the standby card will be informed via the monitoring line between the cards
and will start up, so as to ensure the normal operations of the equipment.
When the original active card recovers from the fault, it will come into the standby
status. Until the current active card meets one of the switching triggering conditions,
the original active card will be resume its normal work.
Triggering Conditions
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-1 for the 1+1 protection parameters of the XCU card.
Parameter Description
90 Version: D
6 Protection Implementation
Note:
There are two revert modes:
u Non-revertive mode: after the active card resumes, services will not
be switched back to the active card automatically.
Introduction
The NMUJ1 card of the CiTRANS 660 provides various management and auxiliary
interfaces for the routing protocol control and the management of the entire
equipment.
Protection Principle
When two NMUJ1 cards (one active and one standby) are installed on the
CiTRANS 660, only the active card will operate under the normal condition. But
when one of the switching triggering conditions occurs and the active card fails to
operate, the standby card will be informed via the monitoring line between the cards
and will start up, so as to ensure the normal operations of the equipment.
When the original active card recovers from the fault, it will come into the standby
status and form 1+1 protection together with the current active card.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-2 for the 1+1 protection parameters of the NMUJ1 card.
Parameter Description
The AIFJ1 / AIFJ2 card provides -48 V power supply for the entire CiTRANS 660.
Protection Principle
When two AIFJ1 / AIFJ2 cards are installed on the CiTRANS 660, they act as hot
backup to each other to ensure the normal operating of the CiTRANS 660.
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-3 for the 1+1 protection parameters of the power card.
Parameter Description
The E1J1 card is the E1 processing card, which is used to achieve circuit emulation
function of encapsulating 1 to 16 channels of E1 signals into the GE signals.
The ESJ1 card is the FE interface card with the switching function, which is used for
the long-haul transmission of the Ethernet data in the MAN, achieving the layer 2
switching function as well as the functions that are not usually obtained by the
traditional Ethernet (such as protection switching of the services).
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Protection Principle
Objects of TPS protection are cards whose wires and cables are led out through
terminal boards. When a working card is faulty, the signals from a terminal board to
the faulty card will be switched to the normal protection card via software and
hardware operations, so as to ensure normal transmission of services.
Figure 6-1 shows the distribution of the slots on the CiTRANS 660 that support the
TPS protection: The slots 16 to 1C among the 14 slots on the upper subrack support
TPS protection; the slots 12 to 15 and 1D to 1F should be plugged with the
corresponding terminal boards of the slots 16 to 1C from left to right.
The types and the maximal number of groups can be supported by the CiTRANS
660 are as described as follows:
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Supports the simultaneous TPS protection on both the E1J1 card and the ESJ1
card, but for each TPS protection group, the working and protection cards must
be of the same type;
u Except the 1:6 TPS protection, the slot distribution for neither the 1:2 nor the
1:1 TPS protection is fixed. Since the protection signals between terminal
boards are transferred one by one in parallel mode, the slots of protection card
and working card must be next to each other;
u In a group of TPS protection, the protection slot must be on the left, the working
slot should be next to it at the right side. The priorities of the working slots are
arranged in the descending order from the left to the right.
When there are multiple E1J1 cards or ESJ1 cards installed on the CiTRANS 660,
only the active cards will operate under the normal condition. But when one of the
switching triggering conditions occurs and the active card fails to operate, the
standby card will be informed via the monitoring line between the cards and will start
up, so as to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
Triggering Conditions
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-4 for the TPS protection parameters of the E1J1 and ESJ1 cards.
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Note:
u Switching delay time: The waiting time between the detection of the
service failure and the startup of switch. If the service resumes
during this time period, the switching will not be started.
u WRT: The waiting time between the resumption of the service and
the elimination of service fault status (canceling of protection status).
If the service fails during this time period, the service fault status will
not be eliminated
Short Wrapping
1+1
SNCP protection
1:1
DL protection 1+1/1:1
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Protection Principle
In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services
transferred via the working path. The working mode is single-receiving and single-
fed. Normally the service is transmitted via the working path except when the
working path is faulty. The service will be switched to the protection path, so as to
guarantee the normal service transmission.
The APS protocol of the LSP 1:1 protection is transferred through the protection
path, so as to deliver protocol statuses and switching statuses. The equipment sets
at both ends perform service switching according to protocol statuses and switching
statuses.
See Figure 6-2 for the working principles of the LSP 1:1 protection.
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Note:
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-6 for the protection parameters of the LSP 1:1 protection.
Parameter Description
Switching time 50
Switching delay time (ms) 0 to 255
WRT (min) 1 to 12 (the default value is 5)
Protection Principle
In PW APS protection, the working and protection PWs are pre-created. When the
working PW is faulty, the service will be switched to the protection PW, so as to
protect the service.
u PW 1:1 protection: in case of the same source and same sink, if the APS
function is enabled, the working / protection PW implements connectivity check
via the VC layer OAM, and performs protection switching, switching delay and
WTR by coordinating the source and sink ports via the APS protocol.
u PW redundancy protection: in case of the same source and different sink, if the
APS function is disabled, the working/protection PW implements connectivity
check via the VC layer OAM, and supports triggering switching by CSF.
Protection Parameter
See Table 6-7 for the protection parameters of the PW APS protection.
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Parameter Description
Protection Principle
The DL 1+1 line protection is implemented between two adjacent nodes to protect
services on the line via the protection line.
As shown in Figure 6-3, normally, services are transmitted to the working and
protection lines. The equipment receives services from working line only and the
protection line transmits the APS protocol (includes protocol status and switching
status). When the working line fails, services are received from the protection line.
The service is dual-fed on the Tx end and selectively received on the Rx end.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Protection Parameter
Parameter Description
Protection Principle
In the DL 1:1 protection mode, the service between two adjacent nodes is protected
via the protection line.
As Figure 6-4 shows, the service is transmitted via the working line and the
protection line is used to transmit APS protocol (including protocol status and
switching status). When the working line is faulty, the service Tx and Rx are both
switched to the protection line, that is, the protection line is used to transmit and
receive service. The service is single-fed on the Tx end and single-received at the
Rx end.
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Protection Parameters
See Table 6-9 for the protection parameters of the DL 1:1 protection.
Parameter Description
Switching time 50
Switching delay time (ms) 0 to 255
WRT (min) 1 to 12 (the default value is 5)
Technical Background
The Wrapping protection is based on the RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) protocol. As a
new MAC layer protocol, the RPR protocol is brought up for optimizing the
transmission of data packets. The RPR not only has advantages of cost-
effectiveness of Gigabit Ethernet, strict guarantee on delay and jitter of TDM,
reliable clock, 50ms ring protection and restoration, but also features the spatial
reuse, bandwidth dynamic allocation and support for service levels. As an advanced
technology for transferring data packets on current optical network, the RPR
protocol has become the first choice in the establishment of the new generation
MAN.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Similar with TDM in topology, the RPR uses the mutually inverse dual-ring topology
and every section of optical path on the ring operates at the same rate. The
difference is that both rings of RPR can transmit data. The transmission direction of
the RPR outer ring is clockwise and that of the RPR inner ring is counterclockwise.
The RPR protection does not need specific bandwidth for backup, because both
rings can transmit data and back up each other. By broadcasting switching control
message on the ring, the RPR can inform all the nodes on the ring of the route or
node that is faulty.
The RPR supports two protection mechanisms: Wrapping protection and Steering
protection, and either can meet the protection requirements of RPR. The CiTRANS
660 uses the Wrapping protection mechanism since the switching time in the
Steering protection mechanism is relatively longer and some packets will be lost.
Protection Principle
The Wrapping protection is based on the adjacent nodes of the fault. When a fault is
detected in the network, the adjacent nodes of the fault will switch the services to
the protection direction via the APS calculation, avoiding the faulty node or link, so
as to guarantee the continuity in operation of the network.
The Wrapping protection mechanism ensures the connectivity of data flow when it
goes through a long path before arriving at the destination node. If the equipment is
faulty, the services on the failed node will switch to the ring that transfers service in
the opposite direction.
Based on shared ring, the Wrapping protection has the following advantages:
u The switching time is easily guaranteed and the packet loss is relatively small.
u Normal operation status: The service path from Node A to Node D is ABC
D.
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4 WrappingV2/V3 protection: After the fault occurs, the optical path wrapping
will occur on two nodes at both ends of the failed link, and the service path
is also looped back at the two nodes. The service path from Node A to
Node D is ABAFEDCD in general. Dropping is
implemented via the working channel.
4 Short Wrapping protection: After the fault occurs, the optical path wrapping
will occur on the node at the failed link side, and the service path is also
looped back at the node. The service path from Node A to Node D is AB
AFED in general. Dropping is implemented via the protection
channel.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Note:
Wrapping protection is only enabled when all nodes on the ring provide
support. The switched service may have a relatively long roundabout
path and occupy a great deal of bandwidth inside the ring.
Protection Parameter
Parameter Description
Protection Principle
In the SNCP 1+1 protection mode, the sub-network connection inside the operator's
network is protected. In the protected area, two independent subnetwork
connections exist. One is the working tunnel and the other is the protection one.
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See Figure 6-6 for the SNCP 1+1 protection switching. The working service is
permanently bridged from the protection domain source end (NodeA) to the working
and protection connections, and the protection switching is performed by the
selector of the protection domain destination end (NodeZ). The network tracing end
and the sublayer tracing end are used to monitor and confirm the working and
protection connection status.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-11 for the protection parameters of the SNCP 1+1 protection.
Parameter Description
Protection Principle
In the SNCP 1:1 protection mode, the sub-network connection inside the operator's
network is protected. In the protected area, two independent subnetwork
connections exist. One is the working tunnel and the other is the protection one.
See Figure 6-7 for the SNCP 1:1 protection. The working service is bridged to the
working connection from the protection area source end (NodeA). And the
protection connection is used to transmit other sub-network services when the
working service is normal. The APS protocol information (including near end and far
end) is used to inform the link and protection status. The protection switching is
performed together by the protection area selector bridge and the destination end
(NodeZ) selector.
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Protection Parameters
See Table 6-12 for the protection parameters of the SNCP 1:1 protection.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Parameter Description
Switching time 50
Switching delay time (ms) 0 to 255
WRT (min) 1 to 12 (the default value is 5)
Protection Principle
In the dual-homing protection mode, the MPLS-TP network side protection and the
AC side protection are combined. The network side failure only triggers the network
side protection switching, and the AC side failure only triggers the AC side
protection. When both are in failure, both types of protection will be triggered
simultaneously, so as to protect the service in the dual mode. The network side
protection supports LSP 1+1 / 1:1 protection, and AC side supports link 1+1 / 1:1
protection. Besides, there are two NEs at the AC side respectively connected to the
working and protection lines of the RNC.
As Figure 6-8 shows, the dual-homing protection is configured between Node A and
RNC. The working path is A B C RNC.
u The network side A C is configured with LSP 1+1 / 1:1 protection. The
working path is A B C and the protection path is A D E C.
u The AC side is configured with link 1+1 / 1:1 protection. The working path is C
RNC and the protection path is C E RNC.
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As Figure 6-9 shows, when the MPLS-TP network side working path, i.e., A
B C is faulty, the LSP 1+1 / 1:1 protection switching will be triggered between
Node A and Node C. The switching will not occur between Node C and RNC.
The service path becomes A D E C RNC, and the network side
service is thus protected.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u AC side failure
As Figure 6-10 shows, when a fault occurs between Node C and RNC, after
Node E receives the fault information from Node C, the switching will occur and
the service will be switched to C E RNC. At the same time, switching
occurs on the RNC, and the service is received and transmitted in the direction
connecting with Node E. The service path becomes A B C E RNC,
and the AC side service is thus protected.
As Figure 6-11 shows, when MPLS-TP network side and AC side are both in
failure, switching occur on both Node A and RNC. Node C transmits fault
information of both to Node E, and Node E switches the service to A D E
RNC, and the service is thus protected.
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Figure 6-11 Dual-homing Protection Switching Status - Network Side Failure and AC Side
Failure at the Same Time
u Node C is faulty
As Figure 6-12 shows, when Node C is faulty, switching still occurs at Node A.
At other nodes the same switching occurs as illustrated in Figure 6-11. The
service path becomes A D E RNC and the service is thus protected.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-13 for the protection parameters of the dual-homing protection.
Parameter Description
Switching time 50
Switching delay time (ms) 0 to 255
WRT (min) 1 to 12 (the default value is 5)
Introduction
Port aggregation refers to the kind of protection mode that binds a group of physical
Ethernet interfaces with the same rate together, so as to form a logical interface to
enhance bandwidth and provide link protection. The CiTRANS 660 supports LAG
protection of the Ethernet interface on the UNI side.
The Ethernet LAG protection allows the share of load among the ports; the ports of
aggregate members are not divided into active and standby ports. The CiTRANS
660 enables cross-card LAG protection and intra-card LAG protection. When any of
the ports fails, the service message will be delivered to other ports for transmission.
Protection Principle
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u Enhance link usability: In the group of aggregated ports, the members provide
dynamic backup for each other. When any of the ports fails, the other ports will
take over its work immediately. The process of starting up aggregate port
backup is only related to the ports within the aggregated group, irrelevant with
the ports outside the group.
Figure 6-13 illustrates the Ethernet LAG protection supported by the CiTRANS 660.
The LAG group member or the link of the group member is faulty.
Protection Parameters
See Table 6-14 for the protection parameters of the Ethernet LAG protection.
Parameter Description
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
On a ring network, when a transmission segment such as the optical fiber fails,
network management information is automatically transmitted over the supervisory
channel in the other direction. This does not affect network management.
Figure 6-14 shows the automatic backup of network management information
channels in a ring network.
Figure 6-14 Network Management Information Channel Backup in a Ring Network (a Section
Transmission Failure)
If both ends of a site on an optical fiber segment fail, or an optical fiber segment in a
point-to-point network or chain network fails, the supervisory channels for network
management information also fail. The network administrator cannot obtain
information about failed sites or operate these sites. To avoid such problems, a
protection channel must be deployed for network management information.
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The CiTRANS 660 can provide a protection channel for network management
information through the data communication network. Between two NEs to be
protected, a router is configured and connected to the data communication network
to establish a protection channel. When the network runs properly, network
management information is transmitted over the main channel. See Figure 6-15.
When the main channel becomes faulty, the NE automatically switches over the
network management information to the protection channel. This ensures that the
network management system monitors the entire network. The switchover process
is completed automatically without manual intervention. Figure 6-16 shows backup
of network management channels.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Figure 6-16 Network Management Information Channel Backup (Main Channel Failure)
Caution:
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QoS Framework
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The IP QoS framework defined by ITU-T is composed of three planes: control plane,
data plane and management plane. See Figure 7-1.
u Control plane: includes access control, resource reservation and QoS route;
u Delay: the time interval from transmitting to receiving of the data packet
between two reference points.
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u Delay variations (jitter and wander): the different delays presented by different
packets in the same service. Jitter refers to the high-frequency packet delay
variation, whereas wander is the low-frequency packet delay variation.
u Throughput: the rate of transmitting the data packets in the network in terms of
either average rate or peak rate.
u Packet loss rate: the rate of the lost packets in the transmitted packets in the
test, usually tested within the throughput range. The packet loss is usually
caused by network congestion.
u Traffic classification
Located at the ingress; the traffic classification may be based on port, 802.1P,
PW, MAC, VLAN ID or combined.
u Traffic policing
4 Algorithm: MEF10, single rate three color marker, two rate three color
marker.
u Traffic shaping
Located at the egress; restrains the packet traffic and temporarily stores the
packets beyond the traffic convention and transmits the buffering packets when
appropriate.
u Congestion management
4 Queue scheduling algorithm includes PQ, WFQ, DRR, WRR, WDRR, etc.
u Congestion avoidance
4 Packet discarding policy includes Tail Drop algorithm, RED, WRED, etc.
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8 OAM Function
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8 OAM Function
u Detect faults in the network via regular queries and produce maintenance and
alarm information of all kinds.
u Make the entity fail bypass via scheduling or switching to other entities, so as to
guarantee the normal operations of the network.
Compared to the OAM function of TDM, the traditional packet based network
management and maintenance functions are relatively weak and cannot provide
end-to-end service management, fault detection and performance monitoring.
Based on the functions of the traditional IP router, the aggregation access router is
added with some MPLS advantages and provides hierarchical OAM functions.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Provides OAM functions for daily maintenance, including loopback and locking,
providing operators with more convenient maintenance operation methods for
daily network checking.
The CiTRANS 660 also supports the Ethernet OAM and the access link OAM
functions as shown below:
u EFM OAM
For the link between two directly-connected devices, the EFM OAM provides
such functions as link connectivity test, link fault monitoring, remote fault
notification and remote loopback. In the MAN, the EFM OAM technology is
usually applied between the CE equipment and PE equipment to guarantee the
reliability and stability of the connection between the user network and the
operator network.
u CFM OAM
For the network, the CFM OAM supports such functions as connectivity fault
detection, fault notification, fault diagnosis and fault isolation. The CFM OAM
technology is usually applied to the access distribution layer network and used
to monitor the connectivity of the entire network and isolate the connectivity
fault of the network. Applied together with the protection switching technology,
the CFM OAM enhances the reliability of the network.
u Access link OAM is the end-to-end OAM function that is focused on the service,
which can test the quality of the Ethernet link that crosses multiple NEs.
Application
u Alarm applications
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4 LT: Determines the path from the source end to the destination
maintenance end point.
4 AIS: Informs the path failure signal in service layer to the client layer.
4 LCK: Locking signaling; used to inform a MEP, related service layer and
sublayer MEP to interrupt normal services because of the management
requirement.
4 TST: Testing signaling. The testing request initiated by one MEP to another
MEP.
u Performance applications
u Other applications
4 CSF: Client signal fail signaling, used to transmit the fail signal of client
layer at the source end of the MPLS-TP path to the sink end of the MPLS-
TP path.
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9 Clock and Time Synchronization
The following discusses the clock and time synchronization function of the
CiTRANS 660.
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9 Clock and Time Synchronization
Time synchronization: It is to adjust the internal clock and time based on the
received time information. It adjusts the frequency of the clock and also the phase of
the clock and represents the clock phase in a numerical value, i.e., time of the day.
Figure 9-1 Differences between the Clock Synchronization and the Time Synchronization
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Figure 9-1 shows the differences between the time and frequency (clock)
synchronization. If two watches (Watch 1 and Watch 2) keep identical at all times,
this is time synchronization. If the two watches show different time with a constant
variable, for example, one hour, this is frequency synchronization. If the two
watches have different frequencies, the two have no fixed relationships between
time values. Therefore, the prerequisite of time synchronization is frequency
synchronization.
The CiTRANS 660 implements the clock and time synchronization via the following
technologies.
Background Information
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Basic Concept
Working Principle
A high-precision timing signal is injected into the Ethernet clock processing module
of equipment at the source side (NE1) and transmitted via line transmitting module
as the system clock after being processed. The signal is extracted from the bit
stream of equipment at the Rx side (NE2). The signal precision can be synchronous
with the source end without loss in the process of transmission.
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Network Application
See Figure 9-3 for the synchronous network scheme of frequency synchronization
based on MPLS-TP.
Background Information
The IEEE1588 time synchronization uses the master-slave clock mode to perform
encoding of time information. It uses the network symmetry and delay measurement
technology to implement master-slave time synchronization.
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Process
Prior to the IEEE 1588v2 technology, three time synchronization protocols have
been used in MPLS-TP: the time protocol, the ToD protocol, and the network time
protocol (NTP). The NTP is implemented completely via software, so its accuracy is
relatively low. The NTPv3 (widely used currently) can reach an accuracy of
approximately 10 ms. The IETF is standardizing NTPv4, which supports IPv6 and
discovering a server dynamically, with the synchronization accuracy of 10 s. But
the stability and accuracy of NTP cannot meet the telecommunication network
requirements.
The IEEE 1588v2 is a method which will provide time synchronization and
frequency synchronization unitedly in the future. It can transport interexchange
frequencies of various transport platforms. It can transfer frequency in unidirectional
mode based on the 1588v2 timestamp and in packet-based time transport mode,
and also can use the IEEE 1588v2 protocol to implement the time synchronization,
so it is widely used on the MPLS-TP equipment.
Atomic
Item GPS NTP CNSS IEEE 1588v2
Clock
Typical timing
20 ns 10 ms 100 ns 10 ns 100 ns
accuracy
Satellite
coverage Yes No Yes No No
needed
Locking time 40 s 30 ns 60 s - 60 ns
Integrated cost Medium Low High High Low
Ethernet port
No Yes No No Yes
supported
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Atomic
Item GPS NTP CNSS IEEE 1588v2
Clock
Security Low Low High High Medium
Reliability Medium High Medium High High
Basic Concept
4 Master: the master clock port, and transfers the time synchronization
information to the succeeding (Slave) port.
4 Slave: the slave clock port, and receives the time synchronization
information from the previous (Master) port.
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9 Clock and Time Synchronization
The BMC (Best Master Clock Algorithm) is the core technology of the
IEEE1588 protocol. Via comparing the clock performance data, the BMC can
select the best clock in the local network to act as the master clock.
u Synchronization interface
4 1 pps + TOD interface: The time information is transferred via the 1 pps +
TOD interface. The base station or other equipment needing the time
information recovers the time information from this interface directly, and
the base station does not need to support the 1588 function.
Operating Principle
By estimating the round-trip delay of a packet on the network, the IEEE 1588 can
calculate the equipment clock deviation independently, so as to implement time
synchronization via master-slave synchronization. The operating principles of the
network time protocol are described as follows:
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
1. NE1 transmits a PTP packet to NE2, and record the time when this packet
leaves NE1. The corresponding timestamp is t1.
2. When this PTP packet reaches NE2, NE2 adds the timestamp of receiving this
packet. The corresponding timestamp is Ts1.
3. NE1 transmits the accompanying information to NE2, for notifying NE2 of the
time t1.
4. When this PTP packet leaves NE2, NE2 records the time t2 of this PTP packet
leaving NE2.
5. When NE1 receives the response packet, it adds a new timestamp Tm2. See
Figure 9-5 for the entire synchronization process.
Users can calculate the delta-T (dt) and delay between NE1 and NE2 using the
following formulas:
u delta-T: dt=[(Ts1-t1)-(Tm2-t2)]/2
u Delay: Delay=[(Ts1-t1)+(Tm2-t2)]/2
Via the two key parameters, NE2 can synchronize with NE1.
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Network Application
The network scheme of the time synchronization based on the MPLS-TP is shown
in Figure 9-6.
The following introduces the clock and time synchronization function features and
reference standards of the CiTRANS 660.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
See Figure 9-7 for the internal clock signal flow direction of the CiTRANS 660. After
selecting the best master clock among clock signals from all slots and locking phase
to it, the clock module of the XCUJ2 / XCUJ4 card transmits 25 M and 8 k signals to
all slots and performs system synchronization and timing as well as synchronization
of the local NE with the appointed synchronization reference source.
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The CiTRANS 660 supports two clock signal synchronization modes: in-band (IEEE
1588 protocol interface) and out-of-band (1PPS+TOD interface). Below are the
performance parameters for the two modes.
4 TOD information: The default is 9600 baud, no parity; one start bit
(indicated with a low level), one stop bit (indicated with a high level); idle
frame is high level, 8 data bits; the TOD information transmission occurs at
1 ms after the rising edge of the 1 pps and completes within 500 ms, and
the TOD information labels the rise time of the current 1PPS. TOD protocol
message is transmitted once per second.
4 1PPS (a pulse per second): The rising edge is used as the standard edge;
the rise time is smaller than 50 ns; the pulse width is approximately 180
ms.
The CiTRANS 660 clock synchronization signal designs comply with the following
standards and protocols mentioned in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2 Standards and Protocols of the CiTRANS 660 Clock Synchronization Signal Design
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 600 series equipment supports PTP (IEEE 1588-2008) protocol to
implement packet time synchronization function, and supports 1PPS+TOD time
input and output interfaces.
The CiTRANS 600 series equipment supports monitoring the faults of input/
output time signal and protocol message of the packet layer time
synchronization as well as the faults of the equipment internal time module in
real time, and reporting the faults to management entity in the form of alarm,
event and so on.
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When symptoms such as LOS and LINK DOWN occur on the PTP
physical link, the equipment will automatically report the PTP physical
link alarm, and disable the PTP function of the link physical port. After
the alarm disappears, the PTP function of the link will be recovered.
When obtaining the time reference source from the packet message in
the PTP input interface, the equipment can detect the receiving
condition of Announce message at the Slave port. If no message is
received after the detection time expires, the equipment will
automatically report the alarm of Announce message loss at the PTP
port, and trigger the switching of time reference source or keep the
working status.
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CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
When obtaining the time reference source from the packet message in
the PTP input interface, the equipment can detect the receiving
condition of Sync and Delay_Resp messages at the Slave port. If no
message is received after the detection time expires, the equipment
will report the alarm of Sync and Delay_Resp messages loss at the
PTP port.
When the equipment obtains the time reference source from the
packet message in the PTP input interface, if the clock level of the
current PTP reference source is lower than a specific quality level
threshold, and the Steps Removed value of the PTP reference source
is 0, the equipment will automatically report the PTP input degradation
alarm.
When the equipment obtains the time reference source from the 1PPS
+TOD input interface, if it cannot detect any 1PPS signal or TOD
information, it will automatically report the 1PPS+TOD input loss alarm,
and trigger the switching of time reference source or keep the working
status.
When the equipment obtains the time reference source from the 1PPS
+TOD input interface, if the 1PPS status in the 1PPS+TOD input
signal is lower than a specific quality level threshold, the equipment
will automatically report the 1PPS+TOD input degradation alarm.
The equipment can detect the working status of Phase Locked Loop
(PPL). When the PPL cannot work normally, the equipment will
automatically report the time loss of lock alarm.
When the clock source enters the holdover or free running mode or
when the QL is enabled so that the SSM quality level decreases to
SSU_B (G812 local) or even lower, or the SSM quality level becomes
quality unknown, the PTP time loss of lock alarm will be reported, and
the time working status will change to holdover.
138 Version: D
9 Clock and Time Synchronization
The equipment will perform fault detection to all hardware circuits and
key parts including built-in clock, key chip and phase filter. If any of
these parts cannot work normally, the equipment will automatically
report the synchronization processing hardware fault alarm.
When the switching occurs on the GM traced by the Slave NE, the
equipment will automatically report the GM clock switching event.
When the time status is switched between normal tracing and non-
tracing, the equipment will automatically report the equipment
synchronization status switching event.
Time output module fault alarm: The equipment can detect the working
status of time output module and automatically report the fault alarm if the
module cannot work normally.
Version: D 139
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
This function is valid for the active detection mode. Supports reporting data
to the EMS and providing performance monitoring curve on the EMS.
This function is valid for the active detection mode. Supports reporting data
to the EMS and providing performance monitoring curve on the EMS.
This function is valid for the active detection mode. It supports reporting
data to the EMS, querying in real time and setting alarm threshold.
If the equipment is able to obtain the GPS time directly, or obtain the
absolute time reference source directly from the 1PPS+TOD external input,
the equipment supports directly comparing the external reference time and
the PTP time and reporting the time difference. If the time difference
exceeds the preset range, the time difference (between external reference
time and PTP time) threshold-crossing alarm will be reported.
This function is valid for the active detection mode. It supports reporting
data to the EMS, querying in real time and setting alarm threshold.
140 Version: D
9 Clock and Time Synchronization
This function is valid for the active detection mode. It supports reporting
data to the EMS, querying in real time and setting alarm threshold.
In the current network, asymmetry may exist in optical fibers and transmission
delay may occur on the 1PPS+TOD interface, the time synchronization
equipment and performance may be affected. The equipment supports the
asymmetric compensation function for optical fibers and the delay
compensation function for 1PPS+TOD link, and provides the compensation
setting and query on the EMS.
Version: D 141
10 Security Management
The CiTRANS 660 provides the network and network management system security
protection mechanisms.
142 Version: D
10 Security Management
The following introduces the access control list, traffic monitoring, and anti-attack
functions of the CiTRANS 660.
u The operator must enter the valid user name and password before accessing
the network management system. Only after being confirmed by the system
can the user be allowed to access. The purpose is to check whether the
operator is a legal user and has corresponding authority, so as to guarantee
that only the authorized operators can access the management system.
u The access time for users can be set as required. For example, the operators
are allowed to visit the EMS only in the specified period of time.
u The system supports adding, modification and deletion of users. New users can
be registered, and existing users can be modified or deleted via the network
management system.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the CAR function, and both the Color-Blind mode and
the Color-Aware mode are supported.
Version: D 143
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
The default traffic bandwidth control policy of the CiTRANS 660 is to discard red
messages and let yellow and green messages pass.
u Statistics collection of the user flow queues, including the forwarding message
number, byte number and discarded message number of the 8 priority levels.
u In the L2VPN, the CiTRANS 660 can collect the egress and ingress traffic
statistics of the accessed users when it serves as the PE equipment.
u As the PE equipment in the MPLS TE network, the CiTRANS 660 can collect
the statistics about the egress and ingress traffic of the Tunnel.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the DiffServ mode, and can implement PHB (Per-Hop
Behavior) defined by related standards in the MPLS network. This enables network
operators to provide different service guarantees at different QoS levels for users.
When forwarding data, the CiTRANS 660 supports the mapping from the user
priority level and the mapping from the PW layer priority level to the PHB, as well as
the mapping from the PHB of the transmitted packets to the PW / LSP layer priority
level.
The CiTRANS 660 can set PHB of the VPWS channel, VPWS flow, VPLS-VS and
VPLS emulation LAN interface. Users can either choose from the existing mapping
table of the PHB and the PW priority level, or set a specific PHB service level.
144 Version: D
10 Security Management
The CiTRANS 660 supports multiple protection functions against the network
attacks.
When the network congestion occurs or intensifies, the CiTRANS 660 will
guarantee the QoS of the services with high priority levels via certain queue
buffering management strategies.
The CiTRANS 660 supports two kinds of queue buffering management strategies:
tail drop and WRED.
u Tail drop
When the queue is filled to its maximum capacity, the newly arriving packets
are dropped until the queue has enough room to accept incoming traffic.
u WRED
Before the buffer zone of output reaches the START threshold, no data packet
will be discarded; when it reaches the END threshold, all the data packets will
be discarded; and when it is between the START and the END, all packets face
a probability of being dropped based on an average-queue-length function.
When the congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 660 will provide QoS guarantee for the
service types with high levels via different queue scheduling strategies.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the following two kinds of queue scheduling strategies:
u SP
u WFQ
Version: D 145
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Any SYS / Line port on the service card or SCU card of the CiTRANS 660 can be
configured with port rate limiting function, so as to limit the rate for the passing traffic
attack.
The CiTRANS 660 uses the MTU to control the size of the incoming packets.
u The packets that are smaller than 64 bytes (local or remote collision fragment,
the short packet with invalid FCS) will be identified as fragment packet and
discarded.
u The data packets that are larger than the MTU configuration (usually 1518) and
carry invalid FSC will be identified as Jabber packet and discarded.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the suppression function on the broadcast, multicast
and flooding packets. For the previous three types of data packets, the equipment
can set whether to enable the traffic suppression function and the data packet traffic
that is allowed to be passed through the port within a certain period respectively.
For the distributed DOS attack, the CiTRANS 660 can provide policies to prevent
the attack from spreading to the equipment.
The CiTRANS 660 supports the URPF function, which means the equipment can
query the source address of the data packets and check whether the source
address matches the source interface of the data packet in the FIB table; If not, the
data packet will be discarded.
146 Version: D
10 Security Management
To prevent illegal users from visiting or visiting with more rights than authorized the
network resources (including the OTNM2000), the OTNM2000 provides the
following access control functions.
u The operator must enter the valid user name and password before accessing
the network management system. Only after being confirmed by the system
can the user be allowed to access.
u The purpose is to check whether the operator is a legal user and has
corresponding authority, so as to guarantee that only the authorized operators
can access the OTNM2000.
u Function description: The higher-level users can force the lower-level users to
log-off from the OTNM2000.
u Purpose: Avoid faults occur when multiple users are configuring one NE
simultaneously, or avoid other users log in the NE management system
illegally.
u Function description: The managed NEs are divided into several domains
according to the network planning. Authorize users with different rights
according to the different management domains and different management
functions, and the users can only implement the management function in their
authorized domains.
Version: D 147
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u Purpose: Prevent the potential risks brought by the shared use of the Internet
database and guarantee the uniqueness of the configuration data.
u Function description: The login time of users can be set according to needs,
namely allowing the valid users visiting the EMS only during some certain
period.
u Purpose: Enhance the security level of the network and prevent the users from
accessing the EMS and performing the incorrect operations during the
abnormal period (including the time when replacing cards or testing the bit
errors).
License Control
To define legal users and prevent operations beyond authority, the OTNM2000
divides the users into different authority levels.
The users are divided into four levels. Each level has the corresponding
management authority. For each user, only the management right of his / her own
level is authorized. The higher-level users have all the rights that the lower-level
users have.
The four user levels and the different functions they provide are listed below.
148 Version: D
10 Security Management
Advanced Users
The advanced users are system administrators authorized with the right of
configuring and modifying network resources. They are responsible to manage the
entire EMS, and can implement the security management operations such as
network control, setting of user passwords, adding, modification and deletion of
users, and log management.
u Create, delete and modify users of lower levels (including their user names and
passwords), and save the project configuration data.
Intermediate Users
The intermediate users are the system maintenance operators, who are responsible
for the daily maintenance of the system. They are allowed to create or delete the
users of lower levels, access the network, configure the service data, and back up
the configuration data.
u Configure and modify alarm filter, performance event filter, and performance
event thresholds.
Operational Users
The operational users are the system operators, who can only monitor the system
alarm status, observe the results of various performance monitoring and visit the
results of various reports, including the configuration data of the cards and the
activities.
Version: D 149
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Limited Users
The limited users are the system monitoring users. They can only query some of the
system alarms and performance statuses. They cannot implement other
configurations on the EMS.
The OTNM2000 can provide data integrity and confidentiality, security management
of the database and SAT functions, so as to effectively guarantee the data security.
u Data integrity: Guarantee that the data are transmitted without distortion or loss,
the data can reach and only reach the destination. On the other hand, the
corresponding data are guaranteed to be stored and can be restored when
needed.
u Data confidentiality: Prevent the illegal users from getting the transmission data
of communication; make sure that the transmission data are not revealed.
u Security management of database: Provide security for the EMS, and the data
or documents in the database can be backed up in the standby network
management computer or the peripheral storage devices.
u SAT function: The OTNM2000 can control the users access to the LCT. Before
the normal login to the LCT, the user name and the password should be
entered. Only the authorized users are allowed to access the LCT, so as to
prevent the NE information from being revealed or modified.
The logs record the NE users operations on the NEs and the results of these
operations. The log management means to configure, view and delete the logs
(including command logs, user logs and EMU logs). The logs help users know the
operating status of the OTNM2000 and analyze the faults in the network.
150 Version: D
10 Security Management
Version: D 151
11 Technical Specifications
Clock Specifications
Environmental Requirement
152 Version: D
11 Technical Specifications
Table 11-1 lists the technical specifications of the CiTRANS 660 cabinets, and all
the cabinets meet ETSI standards.
Dimension (Height Width Depth, unit: mm) Weight (kg) Configurable Subrack Quantity
Table 11-2 lists the technical specifications of the CiTRANS 660 subracks.
Table 11-3 lists the system performance specifications of the CiTRANS 660.
Item Specification
Version: D 153
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Item Specification
476.16Mpps (320G)
Packet forwarding rate
238.08Mpps (160G)
Ethernet link aggregation Eight links can be added to one aggregated link
154 Version: D
11 Technical Specifications
Item Specification
Item Specification
Transmission
10 40 80
distance (km)
Transmitting optical
-6 to -1 -4.7 to 4 0 to 4
power (dBm)
Central wavelength
1290 to 1330 1530 to 1565 1530 to 1565
(nm)
Overload optical
-1 -1 -7
power (dBm)
Receiving sensitivity
-14 -15.8 -24
(dBm)
Version: D 155
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Item Specification
Central wavelength (nm) 770 to 860 1275 to 1350 1275 to 1350 1500 to 1580 1500 to 1580
Overload optical power
0 -3 -3 -3 -9
(dBm)
Item Specification
156 Version: D
11 Technical Specifications
Item Specification
Parameter Description
Central wavelength
1265 to 1360 1265 to 1360 1480 to 1580
(nm)
Overload optical
-8 -10 -10
power (dBm)
Receiving sensitivity
-28 -34 -34
(dBm)
Minimum extinction
8.2 to 15 10 to 15 10 to 15
ratio (dB)
Parameter Description
Code HDB3
Version: D 157
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Parameter Description
Pulse shape (nominal All marks of a valid signal conform with the mask in ITU-T Rec.
rectangle) G.703 irrespective of the sign.
The CiTRANS 660 provides the external clock input and output interfaces.
Table 11-9 lists the clock interface specifications.
158 Version: D
11 Technical Specifications
u Frequency accuracy
Table 11-10 and Table 11-11 show the clock wander in the locked mode.
Table 11-10 Wander Generation (MTIE) with Constant Temperature
40 ns 0.1 t 1
40t0.1ns 1 t 100
25.25t0.2ns 100 t 1000
3.2 ns 0.1 t 25
0.5
0.64t ns 25 t 100
6.4 ns 100 t 1000
Version: D 159
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
Parameter Description
The EMC standards followed by the CiTRANS 660 are listed in Table 11-13.
160 Version: D
11 Technical Specifications
Version: D 161
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
u The equipment set is covered with a plastic film, and its top, middle and bottom
parts are wrapped with shock proof packing foam. A wooden case is used for
outside package.
u The equipment set can be transported via vehicles like coaches, trains, ships,
and airplanes.
162 Version: D
Appendix A Abbreviations
FC Fiber Channel
FE Fast Ethernet
GE Gigabit Ethernet
IP Internet Protocol
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol
Version: D 163
CiTRANS 660 High-capacity MPLS-TP Platform Product Description
164 Version: D
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