COMPOUNDING PULVERES & CAPSULES

PHARMACOLOGY
MISD
I. Introduction
A doctors prescription is a very important thing in the process of treating the patients. In
making a rational treatment, a doctor need to make sure to:
- Give the right drug
- Give the drug in the right way
- Give the drug in the right schedule
- Give the right drug preparation
- Give the drug to the right patient.
A prescription is defined as a written request from a doctor, dentist or veterinarian to the
pharmacist to give and provide the drug to the patients in accordance with the applicable law
and legislation. A prescription should be written in a clear, legible, complete and comply with
the applicable rules.
Pulveres preparation is a type of drug preparation in which the powders are divided into
the same weight and are wrapped using parchment papers or other compatible wrapping
materials that allows the powders to be taken orally.
Magistrales prescription is a type of prescription that is formulated by the doctor
him/herself according to his/her own competence to help in management of his/her patients.
In providing a magistrales prescription, the pharmacist need to compound the drugs. One of
the compounding result will be presented as a pulveres.
A good pulveres need to have these criteria:
- It needs to be dry, smooth and homogenous.
- The weight of each package need to be approximately the same with the error
deviation of not more than 10%.
- Ideal pulveres weight should be between 100 300 mg/package for children and
between 300 500 mg/package for adults.
 The purpose of giving pulveres preparation:
- Can be easily delivered to infants and elderly patients.
- Prescription can be easily obtained for pharmacies and hospitals.
- Quicker onset of action.
- The contents inside it can be altered according to the disease of the patients.
- Practical because several drugs can be combined into one package.
Benefits of giving pulveres preparation:
- The formula of the drugs inside the package can be easily altered according to
therapeutic needs.
- Increased the absorption rate of the drugs and their biovailability.
- Cheaper.
Disadvantages of giving pulveres preparation:
- Possibility of drugs incompatibility.
- Some drugs may have unpleasant taste and awful smell.
- More time is needed to prepare the drugs.
- Cannot be stored for a long period (compared with the other preparation).
- If the compounding and dispensing of the drug is not done professionally, the
pulveres preparation quality may become sub-standard.

II. Learning Objectives:

1. Students need to know how to prepare drugs in pulveres and capsule preparations.
2. Students need to know how to dispense drugs with variety of usage and efficacy.

III. Tools & Materials:

Tools:
- Scales
- Mortar Stamper
- Spoon
- Plastic bags
- Parchment papers
- Empty capsules
Materials:
- 5 tablets of Paracetamol 500 mg
- 4 tablets of Chlorpheniramine Maleate 2.5 mg
- Lactosum tablets

IV. Working Steps:

Pulveres preparation:
1. Prepare the tools and materials needed for making the powder preparation.
 2. Weight as much as 2500 mg Paracetamol and 12.5 mg Chlorpheniramine Maleate.
3. Make sure that the mortar stamper is dry.
4. Put the Paracetamol and Chlorpheniramine Maleate tablets inside the mortar stamper
gradually while crushing them until the powder become homogenous.
5. Weight as much as 100 mg Lactosum.
6. Repeat step no 4.
7. Place 10 parchment papers.
8. Use the spoon to move the powder into the parchment papers.
9. Make sure the mixture is divided equally for each package.
10. Wrapped the parchment papers and insert them into the plastic bags.
11. Write down the indications of the drugs.
Capsule preparation:
1. Repeat step 1 9 as in pulveres preparation.
2. Pour the content of each package into the empty capsules.
3. Recap the capsules and insert them into the plastic bags.
4. Write down the indications of the drugs.

V. Assignment:
- Explain about the correct format in a prescription! (6 sections)
- Write down the prescription for these scenarios:
A. Donald Trump, a 8-year-old child comes to your clinic with a chief complaint of fever
and itchiness all over the body for the past 4 days. You decided to give him a pulveres
preparation that consists of 100 mg of paracetamol, 0,2 mg of dexamethasone and 1.5 mg
of chlorpheniramine maleate. The pulveres needs to be taken three times daily for five
days!
B. Hillary Clinton, a 55-year-old lady comes to your clinic with a chief complaint of dry eye
for this 3 days. You decided to give her Cendo Lyteers and Cendo Asthenof to relief her
complaints. The dosage of those two eye drops is 2 drops every 4 hours!
C. Bill Gates, a 60-year-old man comes to your clinic with a chief complaint of muscle ache
since last evening. You decided to give him Counterpain Analgesic Balm to relieve the
problem!
- Mention some of the most common drugs prescribed in pediatric patients! (With the
dosage)
- Get an example of a prescription and interpret it!