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HighwayAddressableRemoteTransducerProtocol
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheHARTCommunicationsProtocol(HighwayAddressable
RemoteTransducer)isanearlyimplementationofFieldbus,a HART
digitalindustrialautomationprotocol.Itsmostnotable ProtocolInformation
advantageisthatitcancommunicateoverlegacy420mA
Typeof Devicebus(ProcessAutomation)
analoginstrumentationwiring,sharingthepairofwiresusedby
Network
theoldersystem.AccordingtoEmerson,[1]duetothehuge
installedbaseof420mAsystemsthroughouttheworld,the Physical Legacy420mAanalog
HARTProtocolisoneofthemostpopularindustrialprotocols Media instrumentationwiringor2.4GHz
today.HARTprotocolhasmadeagoodtransitionprotocolfor Wireless
userswhowerecomfortableusingthelegacy420mAsignals, Network OneonOne,multidrop,wirelessmesh
butwantedtoimplementa"smart"protocol.Industriesseemto
Topology
beusingProfibusDP/PAandFoundationfieldbus(alsoby
Rosemount)moreasusersbecomefamiliarwithlater Maximum 15inmultidrop
technologyandlooktotakeadvantageoftheenhanced Devices
diagnosticstheycanprovide. Maximum Dependsonphysicallayeremployed
Speed
TheprotocolwasdevelopedbyRosemountInc.,builtoffthe
Bell202earlycommunicationsstandard,inthemid1980sas Device Hardware/software
proprietarydigitalcommunicationprotocolfortheirsmartfield Addressing
instruments.SoonitevolvedintoHART.In1986,itwasmade
Governing FieldCommGroup
anopenprotocol.Sincethen,thecapabilitiesoftheprotocol
Body
havebeenenhancedbysuccessiverevisionstothespecification.
Website www.fieldcommgroup.org(http://ww
w.FieldCommGroup.org/)

Contents
1 Modes
2 Packetstructure
2.1 Preamble
2.2 Startdelimiter
2.3 Address
2.4 Command
2.5 Numberofdatabytes
2.6 Status
2.7 Data
2.8 Checksum
3 ManufacturerCodes
4 References
5 Externallinks

Modes
TherearetwomainoperationalmodesofHARTinstruments:analog/digitalmode,andmultidropmode.

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Inpointtopointmode(analog/digital)thedigitalsignalsareoverlaidonthe420mAloopcurrent.Boththe4
20mAcurrentandthedigitalsignalarevalidoutputvaluesfromtheinstrument.Thepollingaddressofthe
instrumentissetto"0".Onlyoneinstrumentcanbeputoneachinstrumentcablesignalpair.Onesignal,generally
specifiedbytheuser,isspecifiedtobethe420mAsignal.Othersignalsaresentdigitallyontopofthe420mA
signal.Forexample,pressurecanbesentas420mA,representingarangeofpressures,andtemperaturecanbe
sentdigitallyoverthesamewires.Inpointtopointmode,thedigitalpartoftheHARTprotocolcanbeseenasa
kindofdigitalcurrentloopinterface.

InMultidropmodeTheanalogloopcurrentisfixedat4mA.Inmultidropmodeitispossibletohavemorethan
oneinstrumentsononesignalcable.HARTrevisions3through5allowedpollingaddressesoftheinstrumentsto
beintherange115.HART6andlaterallowedaddressupto63.Eachinstrumentneedstohaveauniqueaddress.

Packetstructure
TheHARTPackethasthefollowingstructure:

Length(in
FieldName Purpose
bytes)
Preamble 520 SynchronizationandCarrierDetect
Startbyte 1 SpecifiesMasterNumber
Address 15 Specifiesslave,SpecifiesMasterandIndicatesBurstMode
Expansion 03 Thisfieldis03byteslonganditslengthisindicatedintheDelimiter
Command 1 NumericalValueforthecommandtobeexecuted
Numberofdata
1 IndicatesthesizeoftheDataField
bytes
Dataassociatedwiththecommand.BACKandACKmustcontainatleast
Data 0255
twodatabytes.
Checksum 1 XORofallbytesfromStartBytetoLastByteofData

Preamble

Currentlyallthenewerdevicesimplementfivebytepreamble,sinceanythinggreaterreducesthecommunication
speed.However,mastersareresponsibleforbackwardssupport.Mastercommunicationtoanewdevicestartswith
themaximumpreamblelength(20bytes)andislaterreducedoncethepreamblesizeforthecurrentdeviceis
determined.

Startdelimiter

ThisbytecontainstheMasternumberandspecifiesthecommunicationpacketisstarting.

Address

SpecifiesthedestinationaddressasimplementedinoneoftheHARTschemes.Theoriginaladdressingscheme
usedonlyfourbitstospecifythedeviceaddress,whichlimitedthenumberofdevicesto16includingthemaster.

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Thenewerschemeutilizes38bitstospecifythedeviceaddress.Thisaddressisrequestedfromthedeviceusing
eitherCommand0,orCommand11.

Command

Thisisaonebytenumericalvaluerepresentingwhichcommandistobeexecuted.Command0andCommand11
areusedtorequestthedevicenumber.

Numberofdatabytes

Specifiesthenumberofcommunicationdatabytestofollow.

Status

Thestatusfieldisabsentforthemasterandistwobytesfortheslave.Thisfieldisusedbytheslavetoinformthe
masterwhetheritcompletedthetaskandwhatitscurrenthealthstatusis.

Data

Datacontainedinthisfielddependsonthecommandtobeexecuted.

Checksum

ChecksumiscomposedofanXORofallthebytesstartingfromthestartbyteandendingwiththelastbyteofthe
datafield,includingthosebytes.

ManufacturerCodes
EachmanufacturerthatparticipatesintheHARTconventionisassignedanidentificationnumber.Thisnumberis
communicatedaspartofthebasicdeviceidentificationcommandusedwhenfirstconnectingtoadevice.The
manufacturecodesastakenfromHCF_SPEC183,HARTSMARTCommunicationsProtocol,CommonTables
DocumentRevision:9.0,Version:ANov/15/96.

1Acromag,2AllenBradley,3Ametek,4AnalogDevices,5Bailey,6Beckman,7BellMicrosensor,8Bourns,9
BristolBabcock,10BrooksInstrument,11Chessell,12CombustionEngineering,13DanielIndustries,14Delta,
15DieterichStandard,16Dohrmann,17EndressandHauser,18FischerandPorter,19Fisher_Controls,20
Foxboro,21Fuji,22HartmannandBraun,23Honeywell,24ITTBarton,25KayRaySensall,26Kent,27Leeds
andNorthrup,28Leslie,29MSystemCo,30Measurex,31MicroMotion,32MooreIndustries,33Moore
Products,34OhkuraElectric,35Paine,36RochesterInstrumentSystems,37Ronan,38Rosemount,39Peek
Measurement,40Schlumberger,41Sensall,42Siemens,43CamilleBauer,44Toshiba,45Transmation,46
RosemountAnalytical,47Valmet,48Valtek,49Varec,50Viatran,51Weed,52Westinghouse,53Xomox,54
Yamatake,55Yokogawa,56NuovoPignone,57Promac,58ExacCorporation,59KDGMobrey,60Acrom
ControlSystem,61Princo,62Smar,63Eckardt64MeasurementTechnology,65AppliedSystemTechnologies,
66Samson,67SparlingInstruments,68Fireye,69Krohne,70BetzEquipment,71Druck,72SOR,73Elcon
Instruments,74EMCO,75Termiflex,76VAFInstruments,77WestlockControls,78Drexelbrook,80KTEK,81
Flowdata,82Draeger,83Raytek,84MeridianInstruments,85BTG,86Magnetrol,87NelesJamesbury,88
Milltronics,89HELIOS,90AndersonInstrumentCompany,91INOR,92ROBERTSHAW,93PEPPERL
FUCHS,94ACCUTECH,95FlowMeasurement,96KAMSTRUP,97Knick,98VEGA,99MTSSYSCORPS
SENSORS,100Oval,101MasoneilanDRESSER,102Besta,103Ohmart,250not_used,251none,252
unknown,253special
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References
1.Emersonhttp://www.automation.com/content/emersonprovesadvancementsineddlelectronicdevicedescription
languagetechnology,rev.20090909

Externallinks
FieldCommGroup(http://www.FieldCommGroup.org/)
.NETOpenSourceproject(http://hartprotocollite.codeplex.com/)
HartTechnology(Espaol)(http://www.fieldata.cl)
WirelessHartSimulator(http://www.whsim.com)

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