International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 423439 Article ID: IJCIET_08_02_046

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

RETROFITTNG OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

USING GFRP OVERLAYS
T. P. MEIKANDAAN
Research Scholar, Dept of Civil Engineering,
Bharath University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Dr. A. RAMACHANDRA MURTHY

*Senior Scientist CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre
Taramani, Chennai-113, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT
For strengthening and rehabilitating of RCC beams, the utilization of externally bonded fiber
reinforced polymer sheets has been found effective. To increase the load carrying capacity of the
structural beam as well as to increase the service life of the beam retrofitting with FRP sheets
especially GFRP sheets found most suitable and economical.
This paper is intended for experimental studies of damaged reinforced concrete beams repaired
by bonding of Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) overlays to the beam. The three sets of beams
has to be tested in this study: control beams (without GFRP overlays) and damaged and then
repairing beams with GFRP overlays by varying different parameters (damage degree, GFRP
overlay width,). All beams have to be tested under simply supported condition. The testing has to be
done under two point loading using the load frame over a span of 1500 mm. The tests were carried
out under displacement control. The most investigated parameter in this experimental study is to
determine increase in load carrying capacity of strengthened beam. To evaluate the strength of
damaged RC beams with externally bonded GFRP laminates was the target of this project.
Key words: Strengthening; composite materials; GFRP Overlays; RC Beams Flexural and Shear
strengthening; Load tests.
Cite This Article: T. P. Meikandaan and Dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy, Retrofittng of Reinforced
Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology,
8(2), 2017, pp. 410417.
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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

1. INTRODUCTION
Reinforced Cement Concrete is very popular construction material used for structural components of a
building like beams, columns and slabs etc. One major flaw of RCC is its susceptibility to environmental
attack. This can severely decrease the strength and life of the structures. The repair of structurally deteriorated
RC Structures become necessary since the structural element ceases to provide satisfactory strength and
serviceability.
There are considerable number of existing concrete structures in India that do not meet current design
standards. because of inadequate design and construction . They need structural up gradation to meet new
seismic design requirements. The reasons for loss of strength may be due to changes in loading, reinforcement
corrosion, construction errors, additional loadings or changes in configuration or accidents such as earth
quakes or due to fire etc. There are many methods for flexural strengthening, such as: section enlargement,
steel plate bonding, external post tensioning method, externally bonded system (EBS) and near-surface
mounted (NSM) system. While many methods of strengthening structures are available, strengthening
structures via external bonding of advanced fiber-reinforced polymer composite (FRP) has become very
popular worldwide
The development of strong epoxy glue has lead to a technique which has great potential in upgrading
structure by retrofitting. Reinforced Concrete structures using externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(FRP) composites. It has become a very universal practice, extensively accepted. In Particular the Flexural
Strength of a reinforced concrete beam can be extensively increased by application of carbon (CFRP), Glass
(GFRP) and Aramid (AFRP) . FRP Plates /sheets adhesively bonded to the tension face of the beams for
increasing the flexural strength of the beams. And also bonded to the vertical faces for increasing the shear
strength.

2. AIM
The major aim of the project is to study the behavior of R.C.C. beams retrofitted with GFRP overlays so that
to obtain best procedures for strengthening of R.C.C. beams using GFRP overlays. To improve the load
carrying capacity of the R.C.C Beam using GFRP overlays is the aim of the project.

3. OBJECTIVES
The objective is achieved by conducting the following task
1. To improve the load carrying capacity of both shear deficient beams and flexural deficient beams by retrofitting
with GFRP
2. To study the load deflection behavior of flexural deficient beams which are retrofitted with GFRP
3. To study the ductility of flexural deficient beams
4. To study the effect of different sized layers of GFRP, which can be wrapped on flexural deficient beams
5. To compare the strength of various sizes of GFRP sheetswhich can be wrapped on beams

4. SCOPE OF STUDY
It is essential to study the shear carrying capacity, Flexural carrying capacity and ductility of flexural beams
by retrofitting with GFRP. The effect of increasing the number of layers of GFRP has to be studied. Load
carrying capacity corresponding to the number of layers of GFRP should be studied for both shear deficient
beams and Flexural deficient beams.

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

The investigations as well as studies conducted on the retrofitting of the RCC beams using Glass fiber
reinforced polymer overlays are limited. So it is essential to study the shear carrying capacity, Flexural
carrying capacity and ductility of flexural beams by retrofitting with GFRP. The effect of different sized
layers of GFRP, which can be wrapped on shear and flexural deficient beams has to be studied. Load carrying
capacity corresponding to the number of layers of GFRP should be studied for both shear deficient beams
and Flexural deficient beams.
Although the fibers and resins used in FRP Systems are relatively more expensive compared with
traditional strengthening materials, labour and equipment costs to install FRP systems are often lower.

5. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR SELECTION OF METHOD FOR

STRENGTHENING OF BEAMS:
One of the challenges in strengthening of concrete structures is selection of method that will enhance strength
and serviceability of the structure. The major factors to be considered are:
1. Magnitude of strength increase
2. Effect of change in relative member stiffness
3. Size of the project
4. Environmental conditions(Methods using adhesives might be unsuitable for application in high temperature
environments)
5. In Place concrete strength
6. Dimensional/ Clearance constraints
7. Accessibility
8. Operational constraints
9. Availability of materials, equipment and qualified skilled workers
10. Construction cost ,maintenance cost and life cycle cost
11. Load testing to verify existing capacity or evaluation of new techniques

6. TYPES OF FRPS
Depending on the type of fibers used, FRP composites are classified into three types:
1. Glass FRP composites (GFRP)
2. Carbon FRP composites (CFRP)
3. Aramid FRP composites (AFRP)

7. GFRP SHEETS
Application of GFRP overlays is the one of the simplex methods for retrofitting the existing structures. GFRP
has high strength ratio high stiffness to weight ratio, flexibility in design, non corrosiveness and lower
density.
The objective of the GFRP wrapping is to improve the flexural strength and stiffness of deficient beams
.Beams are the main structural elements need to be rehabilitated when fracture or fault is noticed. The faulty
beam can de strengthened by the GFRP wrapping. The GFRP sheets can be joined on site in to complicated
shapes and also can be easily cut to required length on site.

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

8. GFRP OVERLAYS
The fiber system used in GFRP consists of different types of architectures of fiber materials. The raw fiber
is processed and supplied in a strand form on a spool and known as roving or in broad goods form on a roll
and is known as mat. The common types of GFRP over lays are

8.1. Fiber rovings

Individual continuous fiber filaments are bundled generally with out twist in to multifilament strands known
as fiber rovings. The number of filaments in an individual roving depends on the fiber diameter of the
filament. The most common roving used inpultruded parts is a 113 yield glass fiber roving which has
approximately 4000 filaments usually having a diameter of 24fm.

8.2. Fiber Mats

Continuous filament mat (CFM) consists of random swirled indefinitely long continuous glass fiber filaments
held together by a resin soluble polymeric binder. Copped strand mats (CSM) consists of short fibers (25mm
to 50mm) held together in mat form by a resin soluble binder.

8.3. Fiber fabrics

To use a woven roving fabric, it needs to be attached to a mat (usually a chopped strand mat to prevent it
from distorting when pulled. Either a power bonding ,stitching with Polyester or glass yarn or needling are
used to attach the woven fabric to the mat., which is then known as woven glass roving combination fabric ,
Stitched glass fiber fabric consists of unidirectional rovings in different directions are stitched together
with or without a chopped mat, Popular types of Stitched glass fibers are biaxial (having equal percentages
of 0 degrees and 90 degrees or +45 degrees and -45 degrees fiber orientations) and tri axial (having fibers in
the 0 degrees, +45 degrees and -45 degrees fiber orientations)

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

9. METHODLOGY
The procedure of investigation was shown by the flow chart as detailed below:

LITERATURE REVIEW

DATA COLLECTION
Grades of concrete, M20 Design mix, Degree of workability, Type & size of aggregates and IS codes

PRELIMINARY TESTS

CEMENT - Fineness, FINE AGGREGATE- COARSE

Soundness, Consistency, Moisture content, Sieve AGGREGATE-Sieve
Initial & Final setting Analysis
time analysis, Impact test

MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE

Tests on Fresh Concrete-Slump Test- Workability, Compacting factor test

CASTING OF BEAMS-
,

BONDING OF GFRP OVERLAYS

TESTING
1. Ductility, 2. First cracking and ultimate loads, 3 Load-deflection

COMPARE THE RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

10. MATERIALS USED

10.1. CEMENT
In the present work, Puzzalona Portland Cement conforming to IS 1489- Part- I was used. Physical properties
of Cement show that properties are within the codal specified range of values. The physical properties of
cement are tested in accordance with IS 4031-1968 to know its suitability. Physical properties of Cement
show that properties are within the codal specified range of values

10.2. FINE AGGREGATE

River Sand passing through IS 4.75mm sieve confirming to Zone II of IS 383-1970 is used as fine aggregate.

10.3. COARSE AGGREGATE

Crushed stone with a maximum size of 20mm was used as the aggregates.

10.4. WATER
Clean portable water available in the laboratory of university which satisfies the drinking standards was used
for the preparation of specimens.

10.5. REINFORCING STEEL

Provided 2 nos HYSD 8mm dia bars(Fe 415) at bottom and 2 nos HYSD 8 mm dia bars at top are used as
main reinforcement and 6mmdia mild steel bars @c/c spacing of 150 mm.are used as shear reinforcement

10.6. GFRP OVERLAYS

GFRP sheets of stitched mat type with 1.5 mm thickness having ultimate tensile strength of 575 MPa will be
used.

10.7. EPOXY ADHESIVE

The Sikadur 30 epoxy resin is a thixotropic adhesive mortar, based on a two-component solvent free epoxy
resin. The mixing ratio was 3:1 of Component A (resin) and Component B (hardener) by weight. The elastic
modulus, tensile strength, and shear strength as provided by the manufacturer are 11.7 GPa, 24.8 MPa, and
15 MPa, respectively.

11. TESTING OF MATERIALS

11.1. Sieve analysis of fine aggregate

S.No Sieve (mm) Wt Ret.(g) % Wt Ret. Cum % of Wt Ret. Cum % psg

1 4.75 0 0 0 100
2 2.36 21 2.1 2.1 97.9
3 1.18 122 12.2 14.3 85.6
4 600 u 286 28.6 42.9 57.1
5 300 u 512 51.2 94.1 5.9
6 150 u 59 5.9 100 0
Total 1000 253.4
As 57.1% passed through 600 micron sieve ,according to IS 383-1970 confirms Zone-II.

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

11.2 Physical Properties of Fine Aggregates

S.NO PROPERTIES OBERVED VALUES
1 Specific Gravity 2.64
2 Fineness modulus 2.534
3 Gradation Zone -II
4 Water absorption 1.1%
5 Moisture content(Frying pan method) 1.5%

11.3. Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregate

Crushed angular aggregate with maximum grain size of 20mm are used as coarse aggregate as per IS
383:1970 and their properties are given below.
S.No Sieve (mm) Wt Ret.(g) % Wt Ret. Cum % of Wt Ret. Cum % psg
1 80 0 0 0 100
2 40 0 0 0 100
3 20 54 1.08 1.08 98.92
4 16 1562 31.24 32.32 67.68
5 12.5 2254 45.08 77.4 22.6
6 10 976 19.52 96.92 3.08
7 4.75 154 3.08 100 0
Fineness modulus =[ 1.08+96.92+100+ 500] /100= 6.98

11.4. Properties of Coarse Aggregates

Properties Observed values
Specific Gravity 2.65
Fineness modulus 6.98
Water absorption(24 hours) 0.4%
Moisture Content(Frying pan method) 0%
Impact Value, % 20%
Crushing value 19.50%
Los angeles Value, % 6.25%

11.5. TESTING OF CEMENT

The Portland pozzolana cement was used for project. It is a bluish-gray powder obtained by finely grinding
the clinker made by strongly heating an intimate mixture of calcareous and argillaceous minerals.
Conforming to IS 8112:1989 was used. The physical properties of cement obtained as per IS 269/4831 and
the requirements as per 4031 -1988 are given in Table 4.1. Physical properties of Cement show that properties
are within the codal specified range of values. The specific gravity of cement 3.15
Cement
S.No Material Properties Requirement IS
Test Results
8112-1989
1 Fineness residue on 90 8.5% not more than 10%
2 micron sieve, percent
Initial Setting (max)
Time(min) 55 Not less than 30 min
3 Final Setting Time(min) 245 Not more than 600
4 Standard Consistency(%) 34 min
30 to 35
5 Specific Gravity 3.13 -

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

11.6. WATER
The tap water available in the campus was tested for its suitability. Necessary properties such as pH value,
chloride content, total hardness and total dissolved solids were evaluated and are given in Table 3.6.
Obtained Permissible value
Sl.no. Description
value as per IS 456-2000
1. pH value 8.2 Not less than 6.0
2. Chloride content 112.5 mg/l 500 mg/l*
3. Total hardness 105 mg/l 200 mg/l

11.7. MIX PROPORTION FOR M-20

Description Water Cement kg F.A kg C.A kg

Qty 186 413.3 666.17 1138.6

Ratio 0.45 1 1.61 2.755

Reinforcement details for flexure beam after Design

12. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

12.1. TEST RESULTS
The test results of experiments conducted on nine RCC beams (control beams, pre loaded beams and beams
wrapped with GFRP are furnished below. The values of deflections due to corresponding loads were recorded
Three flexure control beams were tested for ultimate load capacity and 70% preloaded six beams were tested
for deflection. Three preloaded beams wrapped with 50mm wide GFRP for full length and three preloaded
beams wrapped with. GFRP sheet of length 400mm at the middle of the beams were tested.

12.2. TEST RESULTS OF CONTROL BEAMS

Three control flexure beams were tested for ultimate load carrying capacity. The deflections of corresponding
loads were tabulated below:

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

TEST READINGS OF FLEXURE CONTROL BEAMS

Sample F1 F2 F3
Initial Crack Load 20 kN 20 kN 15 kN
Ultimate Load 60 kN 59 kN 59 kN

Load in kN LVDT1 in mm LVDT2 in mm LVDT1 in mm LVDT2 in mm LVDT1 in mm LVDT2 in mm

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2
10 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4
15 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.5
20 1 0.9 1.7 0.9 1 0.9
25 2.3 1.3 2.3 1.2 1.5 1.4
30 2.4 1.4 2.9 1.6 2.1 2
35 2.9 1.6 3.5 2.1 2.5 2.4
40 3.4 1.9 4.1 2.5 3.2 3
45 4 2.3 4.7 3 3.8 3.5
50 5.3 3.3 7.6 5.6 5 5
55 7.9 5.6 10.3 8.5 7 7
60 13.5 10.6 16.6 15.6 10.5 11.2
58 14 12.6 18.2 15.9 12.4 12.7
55 14.2 13.3 18.6 16.3 13.2 13.9
50 14.2 13.7 19.2 17.2 13.9 14.2
45 15.3 14.8 19.8 17.9 14.9 14.8
40 15.6 15.1 20.1 19.1 15.4 15.6

12.3. TEST RESULTS OF 70% PRELOADED SET 2 FLEXURE BEAMS

Three flexure beams (F4,F5,F6 ) were tested for 70% of the ultimate load carrying capacity of the control
beams. The values of deflections forincremental load of 5kN were recorded and finally tested up to 42 kN
which is 70% of ultimate load of 60 kN. The values are tabulated below.
TEST READINGS OF 70% PRE LOADED SET2 FLEXURE BEAMS
SAMPLE F4 F5 F6
PRE LOAD 42kN 42kN 42kN
LVDT 1 LVDT2 LVDT 1 LVDT2 LVDT 1 in LVDT2 in
Load in kN in mm in mm in mm in mm mm mm
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2
10.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.4
15.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7
20.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1
25.0 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.6
30.0 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.1
35.0 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.9 2.6
40.0 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.0
42.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.6 3.1

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

12.4. TEST RESULTS OF70% PRELOADED SET3 FLEXURE BEAMS

Three flexure beams (F7,F8,F9 ) were tested for 70% of the ultimate load carrying capacity of the control
beams. The values of deflections for incremental load of 5kN were recorded and finally tested up to 42 kN
which is 70% of ultimate load of 60kN. The values are tabulated below
TEST READINGS OF 70% PRE LOADED SET3 FLEXURE BEAMS
SAMPLE F7 F8 F9
PRE LOAD 42kN 42kN 42kN
LVDT 1 LVDT2 LVDT 1 in LVDT2 LVDT2 in
Load in kN LVDT 1 in mm
in mm in mm mm in mm mm
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
10.0 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
15.0 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5
20.0 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8
25.0 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4
30.0 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9
35.0 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.3
40.0 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8
42.0 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 2.9

12.5. Test Results of70% Preloaded Set2 Flexure Beams Wrapped with 50mm Wide GFRP
Sheet For Fulllength
Three flexure beams (F4,F5,F6) wrapped with 50mm wide GFRP sheet for full length of the beam in the
tension zone i.e at bottom of the beam ,were tested for ultimate load carrying capacity .
TEST READINGS OF 70% PRE LOADED SET 2 BEAMS WITH 50MM WIDE GFRP STRIP FOR
FULL LENGTH
SAMPLE F4 F5 F6
Pre Load 42 kN 42 kN 42 kN
Load in kN LVDT 1 in LVDT2 in LVDT 1 in LVDT2 LVDT 1 in LVDT2 in
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
10 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3
15 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5
20 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7
25 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8
30 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8
35 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1
40 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
45 1 1.1 1 1.1 1.2 1.4
50 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.6
55 2.1 2.2 1.3 1.5 2.1 2.3
60 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.4
65 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8
58 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.9
50 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.1
49 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.1

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12.6. Test Results Preloaded (70% Of Ultimate Load) Set3 Flexure Beams Wrapped with
400mm Length GFRP Sheet For Full width At The Middle of Beam At Bottom
Three flexure beams (F7,F8,F9) wrapped with GFRP sheet of full width for 400 mm length in the tension
zone i.e at middle bottom of the beam ,were tested for ultimate load carrying capacity .
TEST READINGS OF 70% PRE LOADED SET 3BEAMS WITH FULL WIDTH FOR
CENTRAL
SAMPLE 400MM
F7 LENGTH F8 F9
Pre Load 42 kN 42 kN 42 kN
Load in kN LVDT 1 in LVDT2 LVDT 1 in LVDT2 LVDT 1 LVDT2 in mm
0 mm
0 in
0 mm mm
0 in
0 mm in
0 mm 0
5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
10 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
15 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
20 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7
25 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8
30 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9
35 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 1
40 0.9 1.1 1 1.1 0.9 1.2
45 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3
50 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.9
48 3 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5
44 3.9 4 3.9 4.1 3.8 4

13. DISCUSSIONS
In this part of chapter the experimental results of SET I beams (Control Beam) and SET 2 and SET 3 beams
(weak in flexure),their behavior throughout the static test to failure is described using recorded data on
deflection behavior and the ultimate load carrying capacity. The crack patterns and the mode of failure of
each beam are also described in this chapter.
Three sets of beams were tested for their ultimate strengths. In SET I three beams (F1, F2 and F3) were
tested for their ultimate strengths. In SET 2 three beams (F4, F5 and F6) were tested for 70% of pre ultimate
load and also. SET 3 three beams (F7, F8 and F9) were tested for 70% of pre ultimate load.

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

Table 13.6 Ultimate Loads, Deflections and Nature of failure for SET I , SET2,SET 3 beams
Load at Average
Beam initial Ultimate Deflection at
Sr.No Type of Beam Nature of failure
designation crack Load (KN) Ultimate load
(KN) in mm
F1 20 60 12.05 Flexural failure

1 Control Beams F2 20 59 16.01

F3 15 59 10.85

F4 20 42 3.7 70% of Ultimate

load failure
F5 20 42 3.45

F6 20 42 3.35
2 Pre Loaded Beams
F7 20 42 3.55

F8 20 42 3.25

F9 20 42 3.10
Not GFRP Flexural
F4 65 2.55
GFRP Wrapping Visible failure
With 50mm strip at Not
3 F5 65 2.45
bottom for full Visible
length Not
F6 65 2.70
Visible
Not GFRP Flexural
F7 50 2.45
GFRP Wrapping Visible failure
With 400 mm Not
4 F8 50 2.6
length at middle for Visible
full width Not
F9 50 2.7
Visible

LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVES FOR CONTROL BEAMS

The control beams F1, F2 and F3 of SET 1 beams which were weak in flexure. Two point static loading was
done on the beam and at the each increment of 5 kN , deflections were taken. Using this load and deflection
of data, load vs deflection curves were plotted. At the load of 20 kN initial cracks started coming on the
beams. Further with increase in loading propagation of the cracks took place. The beams F1, F2, and F3
failed completely in flexure at the ultimate load 60 KN, 59KN, 59KN.

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

25

Deflection in mm
20

15
LVDT1 in mm
10
LVDT2 in mm
5

0
0 20 40 60 80
Load in kN

LOAD DEFLECTION CURVE FOR CONTROL BEAM F1

25
Deflection in mm

20

15
LVDT1 in mm
10
LVDT2 in mm
5

0
0 20 40 60 80
Load in kN

Figure 5.2 Load Deflection Curve for Control Beam F2

18
16
14
Deflection in mm

12
10
LVDT1 in mm
8
6 LVDT2 in mm
4
2
0
0 50 100
Load in kN

Figure 5.2 Load Deflection Curve For Control Beam F3

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

4
3.5
3

Deflection in mm
2.5
2 LVDT 1 in
mm
1.5
LVDT2 in
1
mm
0.5
0
0 50 100

Load Deflection Curve For F4 Wrapped With 50mm Strip For Full Length At Bottom

3 LVDT 1 in
2 mm
LVD2 in
1
mm
0
0 50 100
Load in kN

Load Deflection Curve For Beam F5 Wrapped With 50mm Strip For Full Length At Bottom

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5 LVDT 1 in
2 mm
1.5
LVDT2 in
1
mm
0.5
0
0 50 100
Load in kN

Load Deflection Curve For Beam F6 Wrapped With 50mm Strip For Full Length At Bottom

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

4.5
4
3.5

Dmmeflection in mm
3
2.5
2 LVDT 1 in
mm
1.5
1 LVDT2 in mm
0.5
0
0 20 40 60

Load in kN

Load Deflection Curve For Beam F7 With Full Gfrp Strip For 400mm Length At Middle of Beam

4.5
4
3.5
Deflection in mm

3
2.5 LVDT 1 in
2 mm
1.5 LVDT2 in
1 mm
0.5
0
0 20 40 60
Loa d in kN

Load Deflection Curve For Beam F8 With Full Width Gfrp Strip For 400mm Length At Middle Of The Beam
4.5
Deflection in mm

4
3.5
3
2.5
LVDT 1 in
2 mm
1.5
1 LVDT2 in
0.5 mm
0
0 20 40 60

Load in kN

Load Deflection Curve For Beam F9 With Full Gfrp Strip For 400mm Length At Middle Of Beam

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 Retrofittng of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using GFRP Overlays

14. CONCLUSIONS
In this project investigations were made on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams
strengthened with different sizes of GFRP sheets and outcomes are studied. From test results necessary
observations were made and, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. The ultimate load bearing capacity of beam F4 wrapped with 50 mm wide GFRP for full length is increased
by 8.33%
2. The ultimate load bearing capacity of beam F5 wrapped with 50 mm wide GFRP for full length is increased
by 10.16%
3. The ultimate load bearing capacity of beam F6 wrapped with 50 mm wide GFRP for full length is increased
by 10.16%
4. It is found that, retrofitting of preloaded beam with GFRP of 50mm wide for full length of the beam at
bottom of the beam resulted 10% increase in ultimate load bearing capacity
5. The Deflection of the beam F7,f8,f9 wrapped with GFRP sheet of full width of beam for a length of 400mm
at the middle bottom of the beam is reduced to greater extent
6. It is found that deflection was reduced to great extent in the case of SET 3 beams wrapped with GFRP
overlays in the middle bottom of the beams
7. Use of GFRP overlays improves load carrying capacity; delays crack formation and energy absorption
capability of beam .Reduced deflection indicates the increase in stiffness
8. RCC pre loaded beams wrapped with 50mm wide GFRP overlay for full length of beam shown better
performance in reducing deflection than beams wrapped with GFRP overlays of 400mm length at
middle bottom of the beam

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 T. P. Meikandaan and dr. A. Ramachandra Murthy

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