BIOFUEL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI MASA DEPAN 1.

PENDAHULUAN

Seminar Geothermal dan Biofuel sebagai

Sumber Energi Masa Depan, Terbarukan, dan
Ramah Lingkungan

IMAM PARYANTO
Balai Rekayasa Disain dan Sistem Teknologi
(Engineering Center BPPT)

Alamat :
BRDST Gedung 480 Kawasam PUSPIPTEK Serpong

BPPT Gedung 1 Lantai 6, JL. M.H. Thamrin No 8

Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Telp. : 62-21-3915536/37, Fax. : 62-21-3915535
Email address: imamp@webmail.bppt.go.id
 Problem BBM dan Lingkungan
POTENSI ENERGI NASIONAL (2004)
PRODUKSI RASIO CAD/PROD
ENERGI FOSIL SUMBER CADANGAN (TAHUN)
(PROVEN + POSSIBLE) (per tahun) (tanpa ekslorasi)
OIL 86,9 billion barel 9 billion barel 500 million barel 18

Gas 384.7 TSCF 188 TSCF 3.0 TSCF 62

COAL 57 billion ton 19,3 billion ton 130 billion ton 147
963% kebutuhan energy tergantung dari minyak bumi
9Cadangan energi fosil terbatas 9Pencemaran udara telah mencapai tingkat yang
940% konsumsi minyak diesel dipenuhi dari impor
SKEM A M ODEL PENGUSAHAAN PANAS BUM I mengkhawatirkan
9Kenaikan harga minyak mentah dunia 9Adanya standar emisi internasional (Euro) KAPASITAS
ENERGI NON-FOSIL SUMBER SETARA PEMANFAATAN
TERPASANG
Memiliki sumber hayati Modifikasi mesin Hydro Power 845,00 juta BOE 75,67 GW 6.851,00 GWh 4.200,00 MW
sebagai bahan baku BBN
yang berlimpah Memperbaiki kualitas bahan bakar
Geothermal 219,00 juta BOE 27,00 GW 2.593,50 GWh 800,00 MW

Mini/Micro hydro 458,75 MW 458,75 MW 84,00 MW

Memproduksi Biofuel dari sumber
minyak hayati merupakan salah Biomass 49,81 GW 302,40 MW
satu solusi permasalahan di atas
dari sisi Supply, Perbaikan Solar Power 4,80 kWh/m2/hari 8,00 MW
kualitas udara dan penciptaan
Kebijakan ekonomi kerakyatan 9,29 GW
Data-data Wind Power 0,50 MW
Pemerintah yang
Litbang Mendukung Uranium (Nuclear) 24.112 Ton* 3 GW u/ 11 tahun

* Only in Kalan Kalbar area Sumber : Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional, ESDM
 KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR 2007
(Data Pertamina) BIOFUEL ?
FUEL
VOLUME
Estimasi Kebutuhan Biodiesel 2009 Biofuel = bahan bakar nabati
Kilo Liter
(Permen ESDM 32/2008)
I. Subsidized Fuel 38,665,397 Merupakan bahan bakar alternatif
1 Gasoline (premium) 17,929,843 bagi bahan bakar fossil, yang
2 Kerosene 9,851,814
3 HSD (ADO) 10,883,740
diproduksi dari bahan baku yang
bersumber dari tanaman
II. Non-subsidized Fuel 23,640,400
1 Gasoline (Premium) 249,448
Merupakan bahan bakar yang ramah
2 Kerosene 46,674 lingkungan dan terbarukan
3 ADO 14,649,151
Yaitu :
4 MDF (IDO) 269,466
5 MFO 5,136,408 biodiesel (alternatif untuk minyak
6 Avgas 2,163 diesel/solar),
7 Avtur 2,520,040 biethanol (alternatif untuk
8 Gasoline RON 91 482,240 premium/bensin),
9 Gasoline RON 95 158,070
bio-oil atau pure plant oil - PPO (alternatif
10 ADO CN 51 126,740
62,305,797
minyak bakar)
TOTAL Source: APROBI, 2008
 BIOFUEL FOR FUEL SUBSTITUTION (2010) National Energy MIX
Targeted Energy MIX 2025#
FUEL Biofuel
5% Geo
thermal
Coal 5%
TRANSPORTATION ELECTRICITY (7,6 KEROSENE
(31,7 Million kL) Million kL) (10 Million kL) 33%
Nuclear
Energy MIX 2003 Biomass
Hydro Others Hydro
3,8 Million kL 1 Million kL 7% Solar
3.4% Wind
PREMIUM ADO/SOLAR Geo Liq. Coal
Gas
(18,529Million kL) (12,4 Million kL) thermal Oil
Coal 30%
Gas 1.4% 20%
4,8 Million kL 14.1%
1,24 Million kL 26.5%
1,85 Million kL
BIODIESEL BIO OIL Others
BIOETANOL 0.2%

Oil Biofuel will have

54.4% minimum 5% share of
RAW total National Energy
MATERIAL MIX 2025

CASSAVA MOLASSES PALM OIL JATROPHA OIL

11 Million tons 600 Million tons 30,2 Million tons 3,84 MIllion tons #Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006
 PERATURAN PRESIDEN NO.5/2006
KEBIJAKAN TENTANG BIOFUEL Untuk mencapai target ENERGY MIX 2025, dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006 telah ditetapkan
serangkaian kebijakan utama dan pendukung sebagai berikut:

25 Januari 2006, Peraturan Pemerintah (No.5 / 2006) tentang Kebijakan Energi Kebijakan Utama, meliputi
Nasional (No. 5/ 2006) 1. Penyediaan energi melalui:
- Penjaminan ketersediaan pasokan energi dalam negeri
25 Januari 2006, Instruksi Presiden (No.1 /2006) tentang Penyediaan dan - Pengoptimalan produksi energi
Pemanfaatan Biofuel sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain - Pelaksanaan konservasi energi

22 Februari 2006, Keputusan Kepala BSN (No. 73/KEP/BSN/2/2006) tentang
Penetapan SNI Biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006
17 Maret 2006, Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang
Kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51
Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) & Biodiesel harus
memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006
20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di Jakarta Kebijakan Pendukung meliputi:
Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar
26 September 2008, Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008 tentang Penyediaan,
Pemanfaatan dan Tata niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati (Biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain
2. Pemanfaatan energi melalui:
- Efisiensi pemanfaatan energi
- Diversifikasi energi
3. Penetapan kebijakan harga energi ke arah harga keekonomian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan
kemampuan usaha kecil dan bantuan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
4. Pelestarian lingkungan dengan menerapkan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan
1.Pengembangan infrastruktur energi termasuk peningkatan akses konsumen terhadap energi
2.Kemitraan pemerintah dan dunia usaha
3.Pemberdayaan masyarakat
4.Pengembangan penelitian dan pengembangan serta pendidikan dan pelatihan

23 October 2009, Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009 tentang Perubahan atas Perpres
No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan bakar minyak
tertentu
Selain itu pemerintah juga dapat memberikan kemudahan dan insentif kepada pelaksana konservasi energi dan
pengembang sumber energi alternatif tertentu.
Dengan demikian, Perpres No. 5/2006 menjadi dasar pola pengembangan energi nasional untuk mengamankan pasokan
energi dalam negeri
INPRES NO.1 Tahun 2006 : FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL
Percepatan Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Bahan Bakar Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008
Nabati (Biofuel) Sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain
October -
January January January January January
Sector Desember remark
2009 2010 2015** 2020** 2025**
2008
Menginstruksikan dan memberi tugas yang spesifik sesuai dengan tupoksi-nya
kepada : Household - - - - - - Not regulated

1. Menko Perekonomian 2. Menteri ESDM 3. Menteri Pertanian 4.

Transportation * From total
Menteri Kehutanan 5. Menteri Perindustrian 6. Menteri Perdagangan 7. PSO 1% 1% demand
2,5 % 5% 10 % 20 %
Menteri Perhubungan 8. Meneg Ristek 9. Meneg Koperasi 10. Meneg BUMN (existing)
11. Menteri Dalam Negeri 12. Menteri Keuangan 13. Menteri LH
Transportation
14. Gubernur 15. Bupati dan Walikota Non PSO - 1% 3% 7% 10 % 20 %
Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi :
Industry and * From total
Mengembangkan teknologi, memberi saran aplikasi pemanfaatan teknologi commercial 2,5 % 2,5 % 5% 10 % 15 % 20 % demand
penyediaan dan pengolahan, distribusi bahan baku serta pemanfaatan bahan bakar Power Plant * From total
nabati (biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain. 0,1 % 0,25 % 1% 10 % 15 % 20 % demand

** Based on specification and domestic need

 Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009
tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan
bakar minyak tertentu

Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu yang selanjutnya disebut Jenis

BBM Tertentu adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dan/atau diolah dari
2. CASE : BIODIESEL
Minyak Bumi dan/atau bahan bakar yang; berasal dan/atau diolah dari
Minyak Bumi yang telah dicampurkan dengan Bahan Bakar Nabati
iBiotucl) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain dengan jenis, standar dan mutu
(spesifikasi), harga, volume) dan konsumen tertentu.

Dalam rangka penyediaan dan pendistribusian jenis HEM Tertentu,

Badan Usaha yang mendapatkan penugasan pcnyediaaan dan
pendistribusian jenis BBM Tertentu wajib mencampurkan BBN yang
dilaksanakan sccara bertahap sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan
perundang-undangan.

Badan Usaha dalam melakukan pencampuran BBN sebagaimana

dimaksud pada ayat (1) wajib memanfaatkan dan mengutamakan
produksi BBN dalam negeri.
 BIODIESEL ? Roadmap Teknologi Biodiesel (sesuai Perpres No. 5 tahun 2006)

Year 2005 - 2009 2010 -2015 2016 - 2025

Pemanfaatan Pemanfaatan
Pemanfaatan
Biodiesel Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Sebesar 2% Sebesar 3%
Bahan bakar alternatif minyak Market Konsumsi Solar Konsumsi Solar
Sebesar 5%
Konsumsi Solar
720.000 kL 1.5 juta kL
diesel/solar yang ramah lingkungan 4.7 juta kL

STANDARD BIODIESEL NASIONAL

Digunakan untuk mesin diesel
Secara kimia merupakan methyl Product Biodiesel
Sawit
Biodiesel Sawit,
Jarak Pagar, Tumbuhan lain.
High/superior performance
Biodiesel
(angka setan tinggi,
& Jarak Pagar
ester yang terbuat dari minyak atau
Etanol dari (ekses) gliserin titik tuang rendah)

lemak nabati yang direaksikan Commercial Plant Commercial Plant High Performance

dengan methanol Technology Kapasitas 30.000 s/d

100.000 Ton/tahun
Kapasitas >
100.000 Ton/tahun
Biodiesel Product
Commercial Plant

Produk yang sudah ada di pasaran :

Biodiesel
BIOSOLAR dari Pertamina, dari minyak
sawit,
Plant
Desain
Test Property,
Performance
&
jarak pagar Enjiniring
merupakan campuran Biodiesel 2.5 R&D &
tumbuhan
Test
Property, Optimasi
standarisasi

lain
% dan Solar 97.5 % (B2.5)
Performan &
ce Modifikasi
Dan Desain plant
Teknologi standarisa
Blending, si Teknologi
(bio-)
Pembuatan
teknologi
aditif
(ekses)
gliserin Sumber : ESDM, 2005
Syarat mutu biodiesel ester alkil
KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL
No Parameter Satuan Nilai
1 Massa jenis pada 40 C, kg/m3 850 890
2 Viskositas kinematik pd 40 C, mm2/s (cSt) 2,3 6,0
3 Angka setana min. 51 SNI 04-7182-2006 PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL KE SOLAR
4 Titik nyala (mangkok tertutup), C min. 100
5 Titik kabut,C maks. 18
6 Korosi lempeng tembaga (3 jam pada 50 C) maks. no 3
Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang kualitas
7 Residu karbon %-massa dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51
- dalam contoh asli, atau maks 0,05 Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) &
- dalam 10 % ampas distilasi maks. 0,30
8 Air dan sedimen, %-vol. maks. 0,05* Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006
9 Temperatur distilasi 90 %, C maks. 360
10 Abu tersulfatkan, %-massa maks.0,02 BIOSOLAR PERTAMINA
11Belerang, ppm-m (mg/kg) maks. 100
12 Fosfor, ppm-m (mg/kg) maks. 10 Target PERTAMINA secara bertahap mensubstitusi solar dengan biodiesel,
13 Angka asam, mg-KOH/g maks.0,8 khususnya sektor transportasi
14 Gliserol bebas, %-massa maks. 0,02
15 Gliserol total, %-massa maks. 0,24 20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di
16 Kadar ester alkil, %-massa min. 96,5 Jakarta
17 Angka iodium %-massa (g-I2/100 g) maks. 115
18 Uji Halphen Negatif Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar

* Catatan : dapat diuji terpisah dengan ketentuan kandungan sedimen maksimum 0.01 %-vol

BIOFUEL SELLING PROGRESS
(Source: Pertamina)
Jakarta & sekitarnya
Bio Solar : 205 SPBU
Volume 4.300 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 20 SPBU
Volume 1.100 KL / bln
Surabaya
Bio Solar : 12 SPBU
Volume 1.600 KL / bln Bio Pertamax : 4 SPBU
Bio Pertamax : 5 SPBU
Volume 296 KL / bln
KEUNTUNGAN BIODIESEL
Denpasar
Bio Solar : 11 SPBU
Volume 2.100 KL / bln Sumber energi yang terbarukan (non fossil)
Bio Pertamax : 11 SPBU Ramah lingkungan :
Volume 200 KL / bln Free sulfur
Emisi rendah (COx, Particulate Matter, HC)
Cetane number tinggi (BDF : > 51 , Solar = 48)
Efek pelumasan
Tidak memerlukan modifikasi mesin
Dapat menggunakan infrastruktur distribusi yang ada (pom bensin)
Dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar langsung maupun campuran (B-XX)
Tinggal tuang
Total keseluruhan:
Emisi B20 B100
Bio Solar : 228 SPBU
Malang Vol : 46.700 KL/bln Karbon monoksida - 12 % - 47 %
Bio Premium : 1 SPBU Bio Premium : 1 SPBU (CO)
Volume 310 KL / bln Vol : 310 KL / bln
Hidrokarbon (HC) - 20 % - 67 %
Bio Pertamax : 40 SPBU
Volume 55 KL / bln Vol : 1.651 KL / bln
Partikulat (SPM) - 12 % - 48 %
Note : Penurunan dibandingkan emisi solar
 CHALLENGES

1. Increasing variety in feedstock availability

2. Increasing efficiency in process technology
3. Improvement parameters for Biofuel quality
4. Accelerating production development
3. BIODIESEL PLANT TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
5. Broad variety in different marketing strategy
6. Challenges for further engine warranties
7. Solid legal framework in pushing the markets
8. Broadening information basis and easier access
State of the Art of Biodiesel Production
Acid Catalyst
(Esterification)
Technology and Plant Capacity Selection,
depend on:
Alkaline Catalyst
Catalytic
Low Pressure
(Transesterification)
Plant location
Low Temperature

Biocatalyst
Low Pressure, High Temperature
(Bubble Column Reactor)
Non-Catalytic
High Pressure, High Temperature
(Supercritical methanol)
Availability and characteristic of raw
material
Local fuel demand
Human resources level
Local content
Local industries capability
SITE SPECIFIC ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL
Big country with more than 17.000 islands
Latin name Oil Source Content, %-b kr P / NP
Name
Different type of soil Special region with special plant oil, for example :
Jarak pagar Jatropha curcas Inti biji 40 60 NP
Sumatera suitable for CPO
Sawit Elais guineensis Sabut + dg buah 45-70 + 46-54 P
Nusa Tenggara suitable for Jatropha
Kapok/randu Ceiba pentandra Biji 24 40 NP
Maluku coconut oil
Kelapa Cocos nucifera Daging buah 60 70 P
Every region need Fuels
Kecipir Psophocarpus tetrag. Biji 15 20 P
The geography makes the fuel distribution in Indonesia is highly site
specific Kelor Moringa oleifera Biji 30 49 P

Kusambi Sleichera trijuga Daging biji 55 70 NP

Security supply for every region Nimba Azadirachta indica Daging biji 40 50 NP

Saga utan Adenanthera pavonina Inti biji 14 28 P

Akar kepayang Hodgsonia macrocarpa Biji 65 P

Gatep pait Samadera indica Biji 35 NP

Kepoh Sterculia foetida Inti biji 45 55 NP

Ketiau Madhuca mottleyana Inti biji 50 57 P

Nyamplung Callophyllum inophyllum Inti biji 40 73 NP

Note : kr dry; P edible fat/oil, NP nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)

 ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL
Name
Latin name Oil Source Content, %-b kr P / NP (CURRENTLY USED) BIODIESEL RAW MATERIAL IN INDONESIA
Randu alas Bombax malabaricum Biji 18 26 NP No Oil Est. Quantity Remark
(Ton/yr)
Seminai Madhuca utilis Inti biji 50 57 P

Siur (-siur) Xanthophyllum lanceatum Biji 35 40 P 1. Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Olein (PFAD)/cooking oil 4.000.000

Tengkawang. Terindak Isoptera borneensis Inti biji 45 70 P 2. Used Cooking Oil 20.000 0.5 % cooking oil

Bidaro Ximenia Americana Inti biji 49 61 NP 3. Standard CPO 18.000.000

Bintaro Cerbera manghas/odollam Biji 43 64 NP 4. Off grade CPO (CPO pond) 108.000 0.6% CPO standard

Bulangan Gmelina asiatica Biji ? NP 5. Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD) 200.000 5% cooking oil
Cerakin/Kroton Croton tiglium Inti biji 50 60 NP 6. Jatropha Curcas 1.875.000 1.5 million ha in 2010, 5
ton seed/ha/yr, 25%
Kampis Hernandia peltata Biji ? NP
rendement
Kemiri cina Aleurites trisperma Inti biji ? NP

Nagasari (gede) Mesua ferrea Biji 35 50 NP

Sirsak Annona muricata Inti biji 20 30 NP Jatropha

Curcas L
Srikaya Annona squamosa Biji 15 20 NP

CPO Pond
Note : kr dry; P edible fat/oil, NP nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)
Palm
 COMPARISON OF SMALL BATCH AND BIG CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL PLANT BIODIESEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA :
Production Scale (MITTELBACH, 2004) : CATALYTIC PROCESS (Low Pressure, Low Temperature)
Batch : 500 10.000 Ton/year using Alkaline and Acid Catalyst
Continuous : 30.000 Ton/year Basic Consideration :
Parameter Small batch Large continuous Various grade of oil as the raw materials (batch process)
Raw material flexibility Flexible Fix Plant location distribution
Cost investment Low High Availability raw material and fuel demand site specific
Cost production High Low Easier to be handled by operator on minimum requirement
Technology/Plant operation Simple Complex skill
I&C Simple Sophisticate Can be constructed in small up to medium capacity (< 15
Manpower and product ratio High Low
ton/day)
High domestic local content
Risk of product quality stability high Low

Local content High Low

Existing installed capacity and technology status
Capacity (MT/yr)
Institution/company Location Technology
No 2008 2009
APROBI list 1.588.300 2.521.000
1 Asian Agri Tbk Dumai 200.000 200.000 Ballestra
2 Energi Alternatif Indonesia PT Jakarta 300 1.000 Local
3 Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk Gresik & Cikupa 120.000 240.000 Modification from Existing Chem. plant
4 Darmex Biofuel PT. Bekasi 150.000 150.000

5 Ganesha Energy Group Medan 3.000 10.000 Local

6 Indo Biofuels Energy PT. Merak 60.000 160.000 NextGen
7 Multikimia Intipelangi PT. Bekasi 5.000 10.000
8

9
Musim Mas Group

Permata Hijau Group

Medan

Duri
50.000

200.000
350.000

200.000
4. BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENT
IN BRDST BPPT
10 Sumi Asih PT. Bekasi & Lampung 100.000 200.000 Modification from Existing Chem. plant
11 Wilmar Group Dumai 700.000 1.000.000 Lurgy
Institution and others 8.800 14.800
12 Lemigas Jakarta 2.500 2.500 Local
13 BPPT Serpong 300 1.500 Local
14 ITB Bandung 500 500 Local
15 RNI PT. 500 500 Local
16 PPKS Medan 300 300 Local
17 Pemda Riau-BPPT Kampar 3.000 3.000 Local
18 RAP PT. Jakarta 500 500 Local
19 OKUT-Ristek-BPPT South Sumatera 2.000 Local
20 Kotabaru-Ristek-BPPT South Kalimantan 2.000 Local
21 Department of Industry Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, NTT 1.200 2.000 Local

Source: Data from APROBI and Timnas BBM

 BRDST (Engineering Center) - BPPT BPPT
Ka. BPPT

Balai Rekayasa Disain dan

Sistem Teknologi PKT TPSA TAB TIEM TIRBR SEKR.
UTAMA
(Engineering Center - BPPT)
INSPEK BUDAYA & TEK. TEKNOLOGI TEK. TEK. IND. RO-REN
DAYA
TORAT INVENTRS BUDAYA INFORMASI & PROSES
DUKUNG

Main Task and Function: To BPPT

INOVASI SDA PERTANIAN KOMUNIKASI
TEKNOLOGI
RO-SDMO

conduct development, ENGINEE

RING
DIFUSI
INOVASI
TEK. PENGEM
SD LAHAN &
TEK.
PENGOLAHA
TEK.
MATERIAL
MANUFAKTUR
& OTOMASI
RO-KEU

services, and socialization on

WILAYAH N HASIL KOMPOSIT &
PERTANIAN POLIMER RO-UMUM
SISTEM
SISTEM
engineering design and system INOVASI
DAERAH
TEK.
LINGKUNGAN
TEK. BIO TEK. SD
TRANSPORTA
SI PUSBINDIK
INDUSTRI ENERGI LAT
technology TEK. INDUSTRI
AUDITEK TEK. PENGEM TEK. TEK. HANKAM PUSDATIN
SD MINERAL MEDIKA & KONVERSI &
FARMASI KONSERVASI
ENERGI
Main activities :
Research on Energy Field BALAI INKUBATOR UPT MOD. CUACA BALAI BESAR
TEKNOLOGI PATI
B2TE B2TKS

BALAI TEKNOLOGI UPT LAGG

Process Design & Development SURVEI BALAI BIOTEK BRDST
BPPH
Design & Engineering BALAI TEK.
LINGKUNGAN BALAI TEKNOLOGI
POLIMER BPDP
Promotion, Advocating, Socialization
BALAI IPTEKNET BALAI MEPPO

BALAI KERAMIK BTMP

 ORGANIZATION HISTORY Organizational Structure
1993
Head
EC BPPT
P2R2B - BPIS 1995
Manager
General Affair
PLTGU Belawan 400 MW PRRB - BPPT 2001 Now
PLTU Paiton II 600 MW
PLTN AP600 Westinghouse 600 MW
PLTGU Muara Tawar 400 MW
PLTN Candu Canada 800 MW
EC - BPPT Manager Manager
Revitalisasi Sistem Catudaya Cooperation and Technical Group
Sentel Gambir . PLTD Kalimantan 7 x 1MW Biodiesel plant 8 ton/hari, Riau Technical development
Technical Services
Bontang NGLfor Steel structure Eng. Revitalisasi Jaringan Listrik Jawa
timur - Bali
FEED LNG Tangguh Project Bechtel
Corp PLTN AP1000 Westinghouse 1000
MW Process design and mechanical equipment
POWER PLANT AND PROCESS
INDUSTRIES Cogeneration Project Arun NGL 15
1998 MW Piping
ENERGI PIM2 Utility and Amonia Plant
Electrical and I&C
POWER PLANT, PROCESS INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY, OIL & GAS INDUSTRY AND AGROINDUSTRY
Civil structure & architecture

R&D Lab Scale Prototype Pilot/Demo Plant commercial Laboratory team

R&D Coordination Technical services

 RECENT & FUTURE ACTIVITIES
FACILITIES
Chemical Laboratory Biodiesel commercial plant
Pilot Plant Biodiesel Integrated CPO mill and Biodiesel plant
Engineering Room
Glycerol Plant for other product
Workshop
Biomass Power Plant from Palm Oil Residue
Software
Plant Design System Bio-ethanol Plant, detail engineering
Isogen Grid Operation Supporting System for small scale and remote power plant
Pro II
Steam Power Plant, 2 x 7 MW Sangatta, detail engineering
X-Steel
Staad Pro Nuclear Power Plant, AP600/1000 MW, Westinghouse USA, Detail
Microstation
Engineering
Cesar Biodiesel Analysis
APV Etc.
Simplicity HMI Scada
Etc.
 Refining and Processing Technology QUALITY PRODUCT TESTING
(Engineering Center BPPT) (Engineering Center BPPT)
2001 2002 2003 PRODUCTION AND PRODUCT
2001 PROCESS OPTIMATION SPECIFICATION
TEST PRODUK MEET
NATIONAL
STANDARD
Variation of raw material:
CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)
CPO off grade (FFA 5-20%)
Lab scale biodiesel production Engineering design and fabrication of 1.5 ton/day capacity Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)
(400 L) biodiesel plant (Modularised, skid mounted and movable) PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)
RBDPO
RBDPS
Used Cooking Oil
Jatropha Oil
2006 PERFORMANCE TEST
COMMERCIAL
2004 2005
2006 ROAD TEST

2002
Source : Lurgi

Basic Design and Engineering of Biodiesel

Plant Cap. 30.000 ton/year EPC of Biodiesel Pilot Plant l EPC of Biodiesel Pilot, Capacity of 8
Capacity of 3 ton/day
ton/hari 2005 SOCIALIZATION
 EC - BPPTS CURRENT BIODIESEL PROCESSING
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
From Laboratory works
and calculation
Methanol Product :
Catalyst Process Flow diagram
Mass & Heat balance
Plant Trans-esterification
Preparation Biodiesel from any feed stock :
Oil
CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)
CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)
Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)
Washing Drying PFAD and CFAD (FFA > 70 %)
Methanol RBDPO
RBDPS
Jatropha Curcas oil (Laboratory
Recovery Scale)
BIODIESEL
Purification
Product
Glycerol By Product
BASIC DESIGN
From calculation,
simulation, design, and
engineering
From operation data (bench
or pilot scale)
Product
General Piping &
Instrumentation Diagram
Equipment Sizing
General Arrangement
DETAIL DESIGN
From calculation, simulation,
design, engineering
Product :
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
Piping Layout
Civil & Structure
Stress Analysis
Instrumentation & Control
Electrical & Raceway
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION

8 ton/day, 2006
1 ton/day, 2003

3 ton/day, 2006

6 ton/day, 2007

10 ton/day, 2004
1 ton/day, 2006
 Current Problem
1. Biodiesel still classified as a non- subsidized fuel.

2. FAME price is tend to increase and passing the MOPS price.

3. Biofuel mandatory has been issued by the government. The following

biodiesel related questions are often asked by industries:
- Price (raw material, cost production)

5. PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES

- Quality product guarantee
- OEM (Owner Equipment Manufacture)
guarantee
- Quick property test (B100 120
Perkembangan Harga Biofuel Tahun 2006 - 2008

and BXX)
100

- Effect to engine safety/life,

performance and emission 80 FAME

Harga (UScent/Ltr)
MOPS HSD

- Effect to fuel consumption 60

- Application of biodiesel on 40
ETHANOL

generator, gas turbine and MOPS GASOLINE

boiler 20

- How to handling (blending, 0

MEI JUNI JULI AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUAFEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI JUNI JULI AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUA FEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI

transportation, storage)
2006 2007 2008

ETHANOL 55.26 54.96 54.70 55.01 55.30 55.43 55.42 54.84 55.24 56.82 55.94 55.42 53.65 53.98 55.18 54.24 53.84 53.42 54.73 54.73 54.73 54.73
FAME 52.57 52.06 55.07 58.57 57.16 54.70 53.91 56.96 61.63 60.40 60.87 65.18 69.32 76.07 77.59 75.11 77.19 84.98 83.53 82.91 85.79 91.20 104.31 95.28 99.88

- Stability (oxidation) MOPS HSD

MOPS GASOLINE
52.94 54.01 54.26 54.27 47.70 44.76 44.02 43.87 41.56 44.41 46.25 50.47 51.34 51.51 53.93 52.20 57.05 59.80 67.93 67.21 66.48 69.94 79.39 87.00 99.76
49.82 52.70 44.39 39.07 38.06 37.33 40.69 46.75 51.19 54.45 51.88 52.22 47.07 50.35 54.14 59.97 60.10 61.63 64.45 67.60 72.48 80.50
waktu
 CHALLENGES
How to prepare national biodiesel industry to meet the target of
National Biodiesel Roadmap
Implication: All Indonesian biodiesel stakeholders should develop a
commercial biodiesel plant that has consistent product quality, reliable
and cost effective in production

Developing alternative raw materials other than CPO (non edible,

cheaper). Ex. Jathropa Curcas has great potential to be developed
Implication: further studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility
including land availability, various aspects in the plantation, oil
extraction and financial incentives for farmers.
6. FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS
Developing new process and product from glycerine as a by product
 FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS INTEGRATED BIODIESEL PLANT
integrated, reliable, and low in production cost and has consistent quality of product
Characterization of Indonesian indigenous biodiesel raw materials to meet the
standardized biodiesel product.
BIOMASS
Stability test for biodiesel (methyl esters) made of Indonesian Indigenous raw GASIFICATION
materials
Biogas Plant APR METHANOL
High performance reactor (consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in PROCESS PLANT
production (Lower methanol loss and Lower usage of catalyst) BIOMASS BIOGAS
GLYCERINE
PLANT
PURIFICATION
Glycerol processing to produce more valuable product

Material compatibility test for engine component using biodiesel blend (BXX) up to TBS CPO
High Quality
Biodiesel Product
B100 PLANTATION PALM OIL MILL BIODIESEL
PLANT
Testing of biodiesel on industrial engine/equipment (generator, gas turbine, boiler)

Integration of Biodiesel Plant, Oil Mill, Biomass Power plant, Methanol plant Biomass
(boiler) Power Plant CATALYST RECOVERY
Empty Bunch

Shell
Proposed Waste Management
Methane from POME

Remnant oil 792 t/y Biodiesel Product

Biodiesel Plant

EFB to Plantation (30%) EFB to Biomass PP Biomass Electricity

ROR Power plant Steam
EFB from others POM

Plantation
79,000 t/y

EFB
Organic Diesel
Plant

Palm Oil Mill

Thank You.
2 x 45 t/h 28,800 t/y
FFB Fiber 19,000 t/y Other
360,000 T/Y CPO Production Process purposes
Shell Excess Shell
23,500 /y
1,400 t/y
Onsite Fuel
(Steam & Electricity)
Gasification
POME CPO Sludge Power Plant Systems
Treatment (Biomass
Combustion)
Rural Electricity

Effluent discharge for land application Electricity purchase from PLN Grid
Source : TA DGEEU ADB, 2006