The Central Dogma New and Improved Central Dogma Gene Expression Summary What are the differences between DNA and RNA Components of a Gene The Basics of Transcription Initiation, elongation, and termination Zooming in on the transcribed region Components of a gene Eukaryotic gene organization Complex Eukaryotic Genes Alternate Splicing can have dramatic effects Basic Bits and Pieces of Gene regulation Control of Gene expression How do enhancers function o Even-skipped How are genes, and their boundaries, defined? Genome browers show gene locations How are genes, and their boundaries defined? o Annotating the genome o Finding the coding region o Finding the ORF Mature mRNA Translation Genetic Code Table Correlations between mRNA expression and protein o Short-Root expression in arabidopsis Summary o Be familiar with the Central Dogma o Understand the different components that make up a gene Promoter, enhancer, intron, exon, start and stop codons o Understand the basics of transcription, mRNA processing and translation o Be able to determine the gene structure given the genomic DNA sequence and cDNA sequence Afternoon Genetic Terminology Types of Mutations o Single Base Pair Substitutions o Inversions o Deletions (single bp or greater) o Duplications o Insertions (&transpositions) o Translocations (balanced and unbalanced) o Aneuploidy (changes in whole chromosome numbers) Mutations at the protein level Mutations at the chromsome level o Deletions o Duplications o Insertions (&transpositions) o Translocations (balanced and unbalanced) o Inversions o aneuploidy Dominant and Recessive o Interpreting dominant and recessive mutations o Dominant mutations in human diseases Genetic Complementation Mapping Genes Summary o Different mutations have different consequences at the molecular level and at the phenotypic level o You should understand the tests to determine what kind of allele gives a particular phenotype o You should know how to test whether mutations are within the same gene
Allele Molecular lesion Genoty Phenotype Mechani
pe sm miew Deletion of most miew/+ Normal of bHLH region miew/mie White coat, no eyes w
mice Stop codon in mice/+ Normal
ZIP region mice/mice White coat, cloudy eye mivt Amino acid mivt/+ Normal substitution in ZIP region mivt/mivt Normal coat and eye but coat lightens and they go blind with age miw Point mutation miw/+ Coat has white patches, in the bHLH normal eyes miw/miw White coat, small eyes, osteopetrosis
Hội Các Trường Chuyên Vùng Duyên Hải Và Đồng Bằng Bắc Bộ Trường Thpt Chuyên Nguyễn Trãi Tỉnh Hải Dương Đề Thi Chọn Học Sinh Giỏi Lần Thứ Xi Môn: Tiếng Anh - Khối 11