G.R. No.

L-6230 January 18, 1911

A. R. HAGER, petitioner,
vs.
ABERT J. BRYAN, respondent.

Wolfson & Wolfson for petitioner.

Haussermann, Cohn & Fisher for respondent.

JOHNSON, J.:

This was an original action commenced in the Supreme Court to secure a writ of mandamus against the defendant to compel him, as
secretary of the Visayan Electric Company, to transfer upon the books of said company certain shares mentioned in the petition. The
petition alleges:

That your petitioner is a resident of the city of Manila, Philippine Islands, but temporarily residing in the city of Shanghai,
China, and that the respondent is a resident of and domiciled in the city of Cebu, Philippine Islands.

That on January first, 1910, the respondent qualified as the secretary of the Visayan Electric Company, after having been duly
elected, and that defendant was on January 1, 1910, ever since has been and now is the secretary of the Visayan Electric
Company, a corporation duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the Philippines Islands.

That prior to February 5, 1910, your petitioner was the sole owner of one hundred shares of capital stock of the said Visayan
Electric Company and among which shares were:

Certificate No. 55 representing 5 shares;

Certificate No. 62 representing 10 shares;
Certificate No. 63 representing 10 shares.

These certificates were issued in the name of Bryan-London & Co. and by them indorsed to your petitioner.

That on February 5, 1910, your petitioner entered into an agreement with one Martin M. Levering for the purchase and sale
from your petitioner to the said Levering of your petitioner's interest in the said Visayan Electric Company, being the one
hundred shares hereinbefore mentioned and including the 25 shares hereinbefore particularly mentioned. That this agreement
was finally signed on February 25, 1910.

That the aforementioned agreement between your petitioner and the said Levering grew out of the fact that certain parties
among whom were Bryan-London & Co., of which the respondent was and is member, were at that time trying by various
means and manipulations to get control of the said Visayan Electric Company, and the said Levering and your petitioner were
desirous of preventing their thus securing control.

That in the aforesaid agreement between your petitioner and the said Levering it was understood and agreed that delivery of
all the stock should be made free from all incumbrances and the necessary transfers made on the books of the company.

That the respondent does not question the title of your petitioner to the aforementioned shares of the said Visayan Electric
Company, and that he has no reason to question such title.

That the shares of the said Visayan Electric Company are transferable only on the books of the company and therefore your
petitioner has repeatedly demanded and requested the respondent, as secretary of the said Visayan Electric Company to
transfer on the books of the company the aforesaid shares, viz:

Certificate No. 55 representing 5 shares;

Certificate No. 62 representing 10 shares;
Certificate No. 63 representing 10 shares;

to the name of A. R. Hager, who was the true owner of same of A. R. Hager, your petitioner, may fully and faithfully carry out his
agreement with the said Levering hereinbefore mentioned.

That the said Albert J. Bryan, the respondent, individually, as a member of the firm of Bryan-London & Company, and as
secretary of the said Visayan Electric Company has refused and neglects to transfer or permit the transfer of the said
aforementioned shares on the books of the company in the name of your petitioner. That this refusal on the part of the
respondent is arbitrary, malicious, and contrary to law.

That the respondent as secretary of the said Visayan Electric Company is the only person whose duty it is to transfer shares
on the books of the said company.

That your petitioner has no plain, speedy, adequate, and complete remedy at law, as a suit in damages for the value of the
shares would not be speedy, adequate, nor complete, because then other parties than your petitioner and Martin M. Levering
might become the owners of the said shares, this being the apparent desire of the respondent and being the express condition

1
 that your petitioner desires to prevent, and being the foundation of the agreement entered into by your petitioner and the said
Martin M. Levering.

Wherefore your petitioner respectfully prays that this honorable court issue a writ of mandamus addressed to Albert J. Bryan,
as secretary of the Visayan Electric Company ordering the said Albert J. Bryan to forthwith transfer on the books of the
company to the name to your petitioner the following shares in the said Visayan Electric Company viz:

Certificate No. 55 representing 5 shares;

Certificate No. 62 representing 10 shares;
Certificate No. 63 representing 10 shares.

An order addressed to Albert J. Bryan, individually, as a member of the firm of Bryan-London & Company, restraining the said
Albert J. Bryan from in any way interfering with the transfer of the aforementioned shares on the books of the said Visayan
Electric Company, for the costs of this action, together with such further and other relief as this honorable court may deem
meet and proper and that these proceedings be expedited under section 518, Code of Civil Procedure.

To this petition the defendants presented the following demurrer:

Now comes the defendant in the case named above and demurs to the complaint on the ground that acts constituting cause of
action are not therein alleged.

The question presented is, Will the courts of the Philippine Islands, under the provisions of the Code of Procedure in Civil Actions (secs.
222-225, 515) issue the writ of mandamus, under the facts alleged in the complaint, for the purpose of compelling the secretary of a
private corporation to transfer stock upon the books of the corporation?

The Honorable Arthur L. Sanborn, judge of the United States district court for the western district of Wisconsin, in his article entitled
"Mandamus" (26 Cy. of Law and Procedure (Cyc), at p. 347), said:

By the weight of authority mandamus will not lie in ordinary cases to compel a corporation of its officers to transfer stock on its
books and issue new certificates to the transferee, since the writ (in such a case) is a purely private one, and there is generally
an adequate remedy by an action against the corporation for damages.

In support of this conclusion Judge Sanborn cites cases from the States as follows:

California. (Kimball vs. The Union Water Company, 44 Cal., 173; 13 American Reports, 157);

Connecticut. (Tobey vs. Hakes, 54 Conn., 274; 1 American State Reports, 114);

Georgio. (Terrel vs. Georgia Ry. Co., 115 Ga., 104);

Massachusetts. (Stockpole vs. Seymour, 127 Mass., 104);

Michigan. (Clark vs. Hill, 132 Mich., 434);

Minnesota. (Berker vs. Marshall, 15 Minn., [136] 177);

Missouri. (State vs. Rombauer, 46 Mo., 155);

Montana. (Durfee vs. Harper, 22 Mon., 354);

New Jersy. (Galbraith vs. People's Building Associations etc., 43 N. J. Law, 389);

New York. (People vs. Miller, 114 N. Y., 636);

Ohio. (Freon vs. Carriage Company, 42 Ohio St., 30; 51 Am. Reps., 794);

Oregon. (Slemmons vs. Thompson, 23 Oregon, 215);

Pennsylvania. (Burmingham Fire Ins. Co. vs. Commonwealth, 92 Pa. St., 72);

Rhode Island. (Wilkinson vs. Providence Bank, 3 R. I., 22.)

The above doctrine is the general rule in England, as well as in Canada. (Rex vs. London Assurance Company, 5 B. and Ald., 899).

Section 35, Act No. 1459, provides among other things, that:

No share of stock against which the corporation holds any unpaid claim, shall be transferable on the books of the corporation.

2
To permit the writ of mandamus to issue for the purpose of compelling the officers of a corporation, in cases like the present one, to
transfer stock upon the books of the corporation, might, under certain circumstances, require such officers to transfer stock against
which the corporation holds unpaid claims. These claims might easily arise between the time of the issuance of the writ and the service
of the same upon such officers. If the court should issue the writ, it might require an officer to transfer stock under conditions where the
law expressly prohibited such transfer. The writ of mandamus will never issue to compel a person to violate an express provision of the
law. The act required to be performed must be one which the law specially enjoin as a duty resulting from an office, trust, or station or
unlawfully excludes the plaintiff from the used and enjoyment of a right or office to which he is entitled and from which he is unlawfully
precluded. (Sec. 222 of Act No. 190.)

No law has been called to our attention which specially requires the performance of the act of transferring the stock, while there is a law
expressly prohibiting its transfer, except under certain conditions. (Sec. 35, Act No. 1459.)

In the case of Tobey vs. Hakes (54 Conn., 274) Justice Carpenter, in discussing the question whether mandamus would issue or not, in
an application for such writ to compel the secretary of a private corporation to transfer stock on the books of the corporation, to a
purchaser, and to issue a certificate thereof, said:

"This suit is against a private corporation, and its object is to enforce a mere private right. It is in no sense a proceeding to enforce the
performance of a public duty. We have no precedent in this State for allowing this writ to compel the transfer of stock in a private
corporation, and the authorities elsewhere are against it," citing in support of his conclusions cases: Cushman vs. Thayer
Manufacturing Co., (76 N. Y., 365), Town vs. Nichols, (73 Me., 515), States vs. Peoples' Building Association (43 N. J. Law, 389), Bank
vs. Harrison (66 Ga., 696).

Justice Carpenter continues by saying:

There is another ground on which the writ was properly refused. It is familiar law that the writ will not ordinarily issue if the
plaintiff has other remedies. If the corporation improperly refuses to transfer the stock it is clearly liable for the damages in an
action at law.

In the case of Kimball vs. Union Water Company (44 Cal., 173) the supreme court of California said:

It has been so frequently decided that a party entitled to stock in a private corporation has an action for damages against the
corporation for the refusal of its officers to transfer the stock to him upon the company's books, that it must be considered as a
settled principle of law. (King vs. Bank of England, 2 Douglass, 526; Shipley vs. Mechanics' Bank, 10 Johnson, 484; Wilkinson
vs. Providence Bank, 3 R. I., 22; Ex parte Fireman's Ins. Co., 6th Hill (N. Y.), 243; American Asylum, etc., vs. Phoenix Bank, 4
Conn., 172; Sargeant vs. Franklin Ins. Co., 8 Pickering (Mass.), 90.)

In the case of Shipley vs. Mechanics' Bank (10 Johnson, N. Y., 484) an application was made for mandamus to compel a corporation to
transfer to the petitioners certain stock owned by them, and in deciding the question, the court said:

The applicants have an adequate remedy, by special action on the case, to recover the value of the stock, if the bank have
unduly refused to transfer it. There is no need of the extraordinary remedy by mandamus in so ordinary a case. It might as well
be required in every case in which an ordinary action would lie.

This court has frequently decided that mandamus, being an extraordinary remedy, will not issue when another adequate remedy exists
under the ordinary procedure. (Hoey vs. Baldwin, 1 Phi. Rep., 551 Manotoc vs. McMicking, 10 Phil. Rep., 119; Peterson vs. Peterson,
Case No. 2360;1 Cruz Herrera vs. McMicking, 14 Phil. Rep., 641; Tabigue et al. vs. Duval, 16 Phil. Rep., 324.)

For the reasons above stated the demurrer is hereby sustained and the petition is hereby dismissed with costs, without prejudice to the
right of the plaintiff to commence an ordinary action in the Court of First Instance to secure an order directing the defendant to transfer
the stock in question upon the books of the company, after it is alleged and proved that the corporation holds no unpaid claims against
it.

Arellano, C.J., and Torres, J., concur.

Mapa, J., concurs in the result.