IB Biology Chapter 2 Worksheet: Molecules to Metabolism (2.

1) NAME:

Word Definition
Carbon Element that is makes up the backbone of organic molecules.
Carbohydrates One category of organic molecules that are made of C,H, and O and provide energy
and structure.
Lipids One category of organic molecules that are made of C, H and O and dont mix with
water. They provide long term storage, make up membranes and some hormones.
Proteins One category of organic molecules that have an amine and carboxylic acid groups.
They are the most structurally varied and do most of the functions of the body.
Nucleic Acids One category of organic molecules that have C, H, O, N and P. They store
information or store short term chemical energy. These include DNA, RNA, & ATP.
Monomer The small form/unit of an organic molecule
Polymer The large form of an organic molecule. It is made up of many monomers joined
together.
Glucose 6-carbon ring carbohydrate monomer that is the base source of energy for most life.
Ribose 5-carbon ring carbohydrate monomer
Amino Acids Monomer molecule that builds up proteins. There are 20 different types.
Fatty Acids Long carbon-based chains that build up lipids.
Metabolism The set of chemical reactions carried out within organisms.
Anabolism Building-up complex molecules from simpler ones.
Catabolism Breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.
Hydrolysis A chemical reaction that splits a molecule apart through the addition of water

2.1.1 Molecular biology 2.1.2 Carbon atoms can form four bonds allowing a diversity of compounds to exist.
explains living processes in
terms of the chemical 2.1.3 Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
substances involved.

2.1.7 Urea as an example of

a compound that is produced
by living organisms but can
also be artificially
synthesized.
 It can make 4 covalent bonds

2.1.8 Draw molecular

diagrams of glucose, ribose,
a saturated fatty acid, and a Carbohydrates:
generalized amino acid.

Lipids:

Proteins:

Draw the structure of a Urea

molecule:

Nucleic Acids:

What is the function of

naturally-occurring Urea in
the human body?
Chemical groups:
carrier of waste Name of Group Hydroxyl Amine Carboxyl Methyl
nitrogen R-N-R O=C-OH H
plays a role in the R-O-H R R R-C-H
Full Structure
countercurrent H
exchange system of the
Simplified Notation
nephrons, that allows
for re-absorption of
Common organic molecules:
water and critical ions Name Ribose Glucose Saturated Fatty Acid Amino Acid
from the excreted urine. IN BOOK

What is the function of

artificially-synthesized
Urea? Drawing
Used as fertilizer

Describe why Carbon is an

ideal backbone for building
organic molecules: 2.1.9 Identify biochemicals as carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins from molecular diagrams.
 Carbohydrates:
3rd

Proteins:
2nd

Lipids:
1st

Label each molecule as a protein, lipid, or carbohydrate:

2.1.4 Metabolism is the web

of all the enzyme catalyzed
reactions in a cell or
organism.

2.1.5 Anabolism is the

synthesis of complex
molecules from simpler
molecules including the
formation of
macromolecules from
monomers by condensation Describe Anabolism:
reactions.
the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of
energy; constructive metabolism.
2.1.6 Catabolism is the
breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler
molecules including the Examples of anabolism:
hydrolysis of
macromolecules into synthesizing glucose
monomers.

Describe Catabolism:
the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the
release of energy; destructive metabolism

Examples of catabolism:
Muscle tissue growth