We have only one

earth to supply what

we need

We are currently living

on the equivalent of
1.2 – and growing

How long can this go

on?
Vision: Our well managed oceans are
healthy, robust and full of life,
providing valuable services for the
wellbeing of humanity
 Our Goals

• Healthy, recovering and

resilient ecosystems;
• Improved food security and
livelihoods; and
• Responsible fisheries
management and trade.
 The worldwide crisis of
overfishing

Bluefin tuna in the

Atlantic …

Lingcod in British
Columbia …

4
Martell (1999)
State of fish stocks, globally

Source: Froese and Pauly (2004)

Fish biomass- West Africa
excluding small pelagics
 Annual fish landings by
origin of fleet

1960-1969 1990-1999
 1960 The development of bottom
trawling led to similar results in
Southeast Asia…

2000

NB Brunei as
exception (because of
the oil rigs functioning
as MPA)
8
Christensen et al. (2003)
 Fish are 26% of protein in diet

• Fish and fishery products are extremely important in the sub-

region … the proportion of fish protein in total protein intake
being 26% in 1993 (the last year for which data are available).
www.fao.org/docrep/003/w7499e/w7499e13.htm
Will what happened in this period;
also happen in this one?
Sustainable fisheries = food
security
A model for change and
sustainability
Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)
can improve management
Amount ($ billions)
• Current
Wages 35
Profit 8
Rent -26
Net Human Welfare 17

Amount ($ billions)
• At MSY Wages 48
Profit 11
Rent 10
Net Human Welfare 69

Sumaila et al. (in prep.)

 Modern fisheries in
development
• Know the state of your fish stocks and ecosystems;
• Know the value of your fishery resources;
• Strengthen fisheries management, especially, monitoring,
control and surveillance.

More Less
• Fish stocks • Boats
maintenance &
monitoring

• Contribution to wealth & • Subsidies

community development
 Certification system:
Marine Stewardship
Council
• The MSC programme is
consistent with FAO
Guidelines for Eco-labelling
of Marine Capture Products
and best practice.
• A partnership based
organisation that works
with all sectors of the
seafood industry,
government and NGOs.
• Fisheries measured against
a rigorous environmental
standard.
The best environmental choice in seafood
 The MSC Standard - Main
Principles

The
sustainability
of the stock

Ecosystem Effective
Impact Management

The best environmental choice in seafood

Consumer on-line tracking
System

Powered by :
 Supply:
Growth in Certified products
Demand – Asia Pacific
Demand: elsewhere
The case for Tuna
 Tuna – as food security
• Tuna world most important traded commercial
seafood species after shrimp !

• 99% of global trade volume and consumption

is wild tuna

• Global resource of reported catch 4.3 million

M/T – incl. unreported estimated at 6.0 million

• 65-70% of global tuna resources in Asian &

Pacific region ( Indian and WCP Ocean)

• More than 80% of tuna caught goes to canning

 BEEF vs TUNA – green food !
• 1 kg of BEEF =
• 20% Protein Content
• High bad fats & antibiotics
• 18% of world greenhouse
gasses
• 16,000 liters of water
• 7 kg of grain
• 54 liters of fossil fuel
• Deforestation
• Pesticides
• Needs to imported
• 1 kg of Tuna meat =
• 25% Protein content
• Low bad fat & high Omega 3
• <0,1% of greenhouse gasses
• < 1 Liter of water
• 0 kg of grain
• > 1 liter of fossil fuel
• No deforestation
• No pesticides
• Often locally available
 Tuna = Ultimate smart food
source
• Continuously Renewable – Food Forever

• Low cost – clean – healthy – high protein low

emission renewable source –

• Asia & Pacific holds largest part of this resource (

65% )

• Asia & Pacific plays crucial role in future and

management of this essential food source

• Majority of volume consumed outside of Asia

 Marketing Side of Canned
Tuna

110,000,000
households
- 70%-
in EUROPE buy
canned tuna!
PNA – 25% of the Worlds Tuna stocks
Small Pacific Islands in CRISIS !
• Tuna = Major Source of National Income for most

• Pacific Tuna Stocks & ecosystems are seriously

Threatened
• Global Ocean Warming affects life at SPC

• Small Pacific Countries lack fair returns on their rich

tuna resource

• NGO’s : Don’t buy tuna from FAD’s or purse seiners

,Yellowfin red-listed , what’s next ?

• Bluefin Tuna Overexploitation = negative publicity –

consumers resistance !

• SPC based tuna processing industry is failing to

really succeed and take off
 FADs create drifting communities

FAD Fishing for Tuna

TUNA SCHOOL FISHING
 What does Purse seining on FADs
provide ?

Mature Skipjack Baby Yellowfin

16 months old = ± 1.8 Kg 10 months old = ± 1.8 Kg

Each equals 4 cans

How many people do they feed ?
Yellowfin 14 months old = ± 3.4
Kg

Feeds for One Year ……..

 Yellowfin 4 years old = ± 79 Kg

Equals more then

290 cans
Yellowfin 2,5 years old = ± 30 Kg

Feeds for One Year……….

 Yellowfin 4 years old = ± 79 Kg

So…If we catch one

of these
We do not need to catch these !!
 Next steps:
MSC Certification for PNA
• Only for skipjack tuna
• Only caught by school fishing method
• With independent observers on board
• FAD fishing excluded
• Total quantity that could be certified :
• Abt 300.000 M/T ( 7% of world supply )

• Expected to be certified by May 2011

 Some Key Principles
• Local crewed vessels, in their local
waters, canned by local people in local
canneries
• Empower local people and make them the
most important environmental – social and
economical stakeholder of their own tuna
resources
• Larger scale – financially profitable – and
economically attractive sustainable
solutions (not low volume-high price
sustainable-niche products)
Connect PNA directly
to consumer
• Let consumer based
on his tuna can via
internet directly track
this PNA caught and
MSC certified tuna

• Communicate and
market the beauty and
uniqueness of each
PNA nation its tuna –
Environmental - Social
& People Aspects
 The spill-over model of the Island Tuna Economy
Landings

Expenditure Public sector

(taxes, fees,…)

Leakages
Leakages (imports, savings)

Private sector HOUSEHOLDS

(wages)

Domestic Multiplier
procurement
Purchasing effect in the
economy
 Canned Tuna Marketing and Tuna Distribution Model
Supermarket own-label Future “SUSTUNABLE “ partnership
commercial supply chain today on supermarket own-label
Small Island
Nation Kiribati Small Island
Nation
Fishing
Fishing Processor
Spanish Company
Company

Broker American
Retailer

Processor Thailand
Consumer
Broker German
Creates partnership with PNA
Distributor German nation & local fishing companies
+ processing company + retailer
to market the sustainable catch +
Retailer France the origin of the tuna ( socio-
economic + environmental
Consumer Belgium aspects )
 The Final gain for PNA nations ?
• Get more grip on management, supply chain and marketing of
their own tuna resources ( 25% of world supply).

• Get more direct income from fishing rights.

• Create employment in local processing industry –reduce

poverty.

• Create Spin-off in local economy – tuna must be landed directly

in PNA ports – ship supply – observers etc.

• Simplify Supply Chain – Cut Out Costs & raise competitiveness

of PNA tuna industry – creates partnerships

• More attractive for sustainable private investments in local tuna

industry.
 Acknowledgments
• University of British Columbia, Fisheries
Economics Research Unit

• Marine Stewardship Council