NIRMA UNIVERISTY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOL. 3, N0.

1, JULY-DEC 2014 12

Parametric Study of Open Trough Steel Concrete

Composite Deck
Merool Vakil, Harshvadan Patel

AbstractSteel concrete composite deck is used in many parts II. D ESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND ANALYSIS
of the world as fast and economical structural system. Recently Parameters for geometry and material strength are consid-
the techniques are getting attention in India also. The profile
deck is made up of thin cold formed steel sheet which can be
ered as per Euro code EN1994-1-1 (2004),section 9.As per
formed in any desired shape. In this paper, critical study is made Euro code EN1994-1-1 overall depth of the composite slab
by varying the geometrical and material strength parameters of h shall be not less than 80 mm. The thickness of concrete
steel concrete deck. Its effect on flexural resistance and neutral hc above the main flat surface of the top of the ribs of the
axis location is analyzed. Ductile behavior of deck is another sheeting shall be not less than 40 mm. The yield strength of
important concern. Here, authors put forward the limiting value the sheet shall range from 230 N/mm2 to 450 N/mm2.Material
of neutral axis for commonly used grades of steel for profile deck, factor of safety for steel sheet and concrete is 1.1 and 1.5
which should be checked to ensure ductile behavior of composite respectively.Parameters for geometry and material strength are
deck. The paper considers variations in concrete thickness, yield considered as per Euro code EN1994-1-1 (2004),section 9.As
strength of material, cylinder strength of concrete for an open per Euro code EN1994-1-1 overall depth of the composite slab
trough type profile deck .Analysis of moment of resistance and
depth of neutral axis are made as per Euro code EN-1994
h shall be not less than 80 mm. The thickness of concrete hc
assuming full bond between steel and concrete. The results show above the main flat surface of the top of the ribs of the sheeting
that there is significant variation in flexural capacity and neutral shall be not less than 40 mm. The yield strength of the sheet
axis location on varying geometrical and material parameters shall range from 230 N/mm2 to 450 N/mm2.Material factor of
safety for steel sheet and concrete is 1.1 and 1.5 respectively.
KeywordsComposite; Profile; Moment of resistance; Neutral
Axis
A. Analysis for moment of resistance
In the analysis full shear connection is assumed, which
I. I NTRODUCTION may be provided by embossment or by re entrant shape. The
neutral axis normally lies in the concrete in case of full shear
TEEL concrete composite floor deck consists of concrete connection. The positive bending resistance of a cross-section
S cast on top of cold-formed profiled steel sheets. The
steel deck is made by cold-forming structural steel sheet of
with the neutral axis above the sheeting is as per the stress
distribution shown in Fig.1.
thickness between 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm into a repeating pattern
of parallel ribs. Onto the deck sheet lightweight or normal
weight concrete is poured to make up the composite system.
The deck sheets act as stay in place (SIP) formwork and
also as a tensile reinforcement to a concrete slab. Composite
floors with profiled decking consist of the profiled decking,
shear connectors, reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature
stresses. At the ends, the decks are supported generally by steel
beam .The connection between floor and beam is made up
with welded studs or any other type of local connection. The
integral composite action between the steel deck and concrete
is necessary to establish, which resist horizontal shear at the
steel concrete interface and thereby and preventing vertical Fig. 1. Stress distribution for neutral axis is above the steel sheeting
separation. For that either embossment are provided or dovetail
shape of the profile is made. The profile of the deck varies and Eurocode assumes the equivalent ultimate stress of concrete
so as its resistance. In this paper moment of resistance and in compression as 0.85(f ck)cy/c where (f ck)cy is the
depth of neutral axis is calculated for a specific trapezoidal characteristic cylinder compression strength of concrete.
shape of profile, considering variation in other parameters.
fyp
T = Ape (1)
Merool Vakil is an Assistant Professor in Gujarat Forensic Sciences Uni- ap
versity, Gandhinagar, India
Harshvadan patel is a Principal in Government Engineering College, Patan- 0.85(fek )ey
384265,India
C = b x (2)
e
NIRMA UNIVERISTY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOL. 3, N0. 1, JULY-DEC 2014 13

By equating tensile force Eq. (1) and compression force Eq. A. Concrete cylinder strength 25 N/mm2, Grade of steel sheet
(2) ,depth of the neutral axis is calculated as per Eq.(3) 230 N/mm2, Design thickness 1.16 mm
Ape fyp For the profile sheet shown in Fig. 2, analysis is done for
ap moment of resistance and depth of neutral axis. Fig. 3 shows
x= 0.85b(fek )ey
(3)
e
values of moment of resistance and depth of neutral axis
for variation in overall depth of deck and keeping the same
Design resistance moment of the section is parameters like cylinder strength 25 N/mm2, grade of steel
MRd = T z (4) sheet 230 N/mm2 and design thickness 1.16 mm. On varying
overall depth of deck from 90 mm to 120 mm, depth of neutral
Where lever arm z is axis remains same but balanced depth of neutral axis increases
by 33.33%.
z = dp 0.5x (5)

B. Analysis of balanced depth of neutral axis

It is necessary to ensure the ductile behaviour of steel
concrete composite deck. Except experiment, Euro code
EN1994-1-1 does not give criteria for ductile or brittle
behaviour of slab. Here value of balanced depth of neutral
axis is suggested for checking the under reinforced section
analytically and thereby avoiding brittle failure. x/d is
calculated for commonly used steel grade of profile deck.
Strain diagram of singly reinforced R.C.C. section is used as
an analogy. Factor of safety for profile deck is considered as
1.1 for calculating strain value for steel. Table II-B shows the
x/d values for various grade of steel.

Neutral Axis (x/d) in Fig. 3. Variation in overall depth

Grade of Steel fyp in mm
N/mm2
230 0.535
250 0.527
B. Overall Depth 110 mm, Grade of steel sheet 230 N/mm2,
310 0.507 Design thickness 1.16 mm
350 0.494
450 0.464 Fig 3 shows values of moment of resistance and depth of
neutral axis for variation in concrete cylinder strength. The
Table 1.Proposed depth of neutral axis for the balanced
other geometrical parameters are Overall Depth 110 mm, grade
section
of steel sheet 230 N/mm2, Design thickness 1.16 mm. Here,
balanced depth of neutral axis remains same but actual depth
III. 3. M OMENT OF RESISTANCE AND DEPTH OF NEUTRAL of neutral axis reduces by 37.5%, on varying concrete strength
AXIS
from 25 N/mm2 to 40 N/mm2.
Trapezoidal shape of profile is considered for calculating
moment of resistance and depth of neutral axis. Parameters
like depth of deck, grade of concrete and grade of steel are
varied for a particular case. Limiting depth of neutral axis is
also shown. Fig. 2 shows geometry of trapezoidal profile sheet.
Embossments are neglected in calculating area of deck. Area
of the sheet is 1434 mm2 and effective depth is 90.14 mm
considering overall depth as 110 mm.

Fig. 2. Trapezoidal profile sheet

Fig. 4. Variation in concrete cylinder strength
NIRMA UNIVERISTY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOL. 3, N0. 1, JULY-DEC 2014
C. Overall Depth 110 mm, Concrete cylinder strength 25
N/mm2, Design thickness 1.16 mm
Moment of resistance and depth of neutral axis for variation
in grade of steel is shown in Fig.5. The other geometrical
parameters are Overall Depth 110 mm, Concrete cylinder
strength 25 N/mm2, Design thickness 1.16 mm. On changing
grade of steel from 230 N/mm2 to 450 N/mm2, balanced depth
of neutral axis decreases by 13.25 % whereas actual depth of
neutral axis increases to almost double the value
Fig. 5. Variation in grade of steel
IV. C ONCLUSIONS
Open trough type of deck floor with specific geometry is
analyzed for moment of resistance and neutral axis depth.
Moment of resistance changes with change in grade of con-
crete, grade of steel and overall depth of deck. For the deck
analyzed, 50.37% increase in moment of resistance is found on
increasing overall depth from 90 mm to 120 mm. If grade of
concrete is increased from 25 N/mm2 to 40 N/mm2, increase
in moment of resistance is found by 4.98 %. For higher grade
of steel varying from 230 N/mm2 to 450 N/mm2, 70.75%
increase in moment is obtained. Increase in grade of steel,
significantly increases the value of moment of resistance. Thus
the optimum combination can be obtained for a particular
shape of profile deck by varying various parameters as shown.
Considering factor of safety as 1.1, limiting value of neutral
axis for commonly used steel grade are suggested. To avoid
brittle failure of slab the depth of neutral axis must be checked
with limiting value. Increase in grade of steel, significantly
increases the value of actual depth of neutral axis. For the
deck considered, actual neutral axis is far below the balanced
section neutral axis. Still best possible value of neutral axis
may be further analyzed to minimize the area of concrete in
the tensile zone.
R EFERENCES
[1] Eurocode-4. Design of composite steel and concrete structures-Part 1.1.
General rules and rules for buildings. EN 1994-1-1:2003.
[2] BS5950 Structural use of steelwork in building.Part 4: Code of practice
for design of composite slabs with profiled sheeting. 1994.
14
[3] IS: 456:2000 Plain and reinforced concrete-code practice(2000)
[4] Johnson R.P., Composite structures of steel and concrete
[5] Dr. Rangachari, N. & Dr. Kalyanraman V. ,Insdag guide for the structural
use of steel work in buildings, Institute of Steel Development and
Growth,(2003)
[6] Evans HR, Wright HD. Steelconcrete composite ooring deck struc-
tures.In: Narayanan R, editor. Steelconcrete composite structures, sta-
bility and strength. London: Elsevier Applied Science; 1988. p. 2152
[chapter 2].
[7] Wright HD, Evans HR, Harding PW. The use of proled steel sheeting in
oor construction. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 1987;7:27995.
Ms. Merool Vakil is an Assistant Professor at
Institute of Research and Development, Gujarat
Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar. Before
joining, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, she
had served at L.E.College- Morbi, L.D.Engineering
College-Ahmedabad and Government Engineering
College- Patan in 2001, 2004 and 2013 respectively.
She received B.E.(Civil) and M.E.(CASAD) degrees
from L.D. Engineering College, Gujarat University
in 1999 and 2001 respectively and was university
ranker throughout her studies. She is currently pur-
suing her Ph.D. from Gujarat Technological University. Ms. Merool is a
member of Indian Society for Technical Education and Gujarat Institute of
Civil Engineers and Architects. She has published many research papers at
National and International level. Apart from teaching and mentoring upcoming
structural Engineers, she has served as expert consultant to various government
and private organization. Her main areas of research interest are, steel concrete
composite structures, structural condition assessment.
Dr. Harshvadan S. Patel is a hard core academician
and currently serving as a principal at Government
Engineering College- Patan .He had received his
graduate degree from SVRCET, Surat in 1984.After
that, he did his M.E. from L.D. Engineering College,
Ahmedabad in 1996 and Ph.D. form South Gujarat
University, Surat in 2003. Dr. Harshvadan has guided
many post graduate and Ph.D. students. His current
research interests include advanced structural anal-
ysis and Design of structures. There are numerous
National and International research article to his
credit. He has conducted many training courses and is invited by various
agencies to deliver guest lectures.