Review

Chapter 12

Slide 1

Multi dose for oral what happens to Cmax, Cmin with dose (play with Wolfram)

R and fluctuations when can use IV approximation fast absorption after tmax
or before tmax

Parameters to get for doing the modeling for single dose oral dose Ke, Ka,

Vd cannot be determined using oral dosage

Figure out the loading dose
Tmax shorter for multiple dosing
Definition of fluctuation and accumulation know the equation
Number to use to get fraction of steady state compare Cmax to
Cmin (at the bottom) at compare Cp at dose 3
Not more than 5 variables reevaluate the question

Chapter 13

Understand the graph on slide 3

Find alpha, beta, A,B
Find alpha and A using the feather plot
Slow rate from the terminal phase
Find all the variables
When to use Vc, Vd and Vss
Vc initial and applicable at time 0
5 mins later not possible
Vb post-distributional phase
Vss at steady state applicable to infusion at steady state
o Read the paper on portal
IV vs Oral two comp for IV might see only 1 comp for oral might
be hidden

Chapter 14

Peak, trough (high and low conc)

No peaks and troughs for high and low
Determine how to set the peak and the trough
Set peak and trough based on the xtics of the drug
Infusion time and infusion rate

Chapter 15
 Non-linear kinetics not dose proportional (know when its non-
linear)
Graph on slide 3 red line for IV
Zero order (not concentration dependent) , then first order
Know the causes of non-linearity
Find Vmax and Km using 4 methods
o Alternate method Better way d/t linear
approximation of the y-axid loss of constant
error
o Linear-Burke plot
o Non-linear least square BEST WAY always
the best constant errors needed
o Integrated version may be convenient
error prone
For IV data be able to calculate delta Cp and rate (slide 8)
Metabolism dose is not constant
Could ask how long it takes to steady state
Time to reach steady state

Chapter 18

Know why a prodrug is given

Know what a prodrug is
Why monitor toxicity interested in metabolite and not the drug
itself
If there are 10 metabolites check the toxicity of each of the drug
Figure 18.3 from the textbook experimental data for metabolites
and experimental drug
How to separate two exponents find the slow one by the terminal
slope
Find the fastest one ke can either be
way (d/t metabolism limited
Need IV for the apparent drug
Terminal slope is parallel
Find Vm using IV bolus data of the
metabolites

4 questions from Dr Madden ???????? Not sure

How to calculate confidence interval

Bioequivalence AUC, tmax and Cmax data collected

Steady state amount in = amount out

 Bioequivalence - two products have similar
bioavilability when administered in the same
manner. Same AUC, Cmax ,tmax. same dosage
form as well
Pharmaceutical equivalence bioequivalence
and therapeutic effect
Pharmaceutical alternative not same dosage
form can be either an IV or tablet