1.

0 INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

use occupancy
1.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

steel

innovate

CE405 components

1.3 STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK

four
Pin/hinge connection
Fix/moment connection
 north-south
east-west

four

three

roof truss

pin/hinge connections

fix/moment
connections

vertical gravity

horizontal lateral loads

 Z
Y
X

Z
Y

1
 Z
Y

Y
X

2
 Z

ELEVATION OF BRACED FRAME

ELEVATION OF MOMENT FRAME

3
 Y
X

PLAN OF ROOF TRUSS

ELEVATION OF BRACED FRAME

Z
X
Y

ELEVATION OF MOMENT FRAME PLAN OF ROOF TRUSS

4
 Z
X
Y

Z Z
X X
Y Y

Z Z
X X
Y Y

5
W

6
 Z
X Z
Y W
X
Y

Z
X
Y

Z
X
Y

7
W

Z
Z
X
Y X
Y

Z
X
Y

8
 horizontal lateral loads

1.4 STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

(CE305)
trusses and frames
1.5 STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS

axial forces

pin connections
shear forces bending
moments

fix connections

full restraint

flexible connections

Gusset

Figure 4. S
Figure 5. G
 Figure 6.

Bevel
Full penetration groove weld
Field welding
Weld access hole
back-up bar

fillet welds
shear tabs

Figure 7.
 threaded
nuts
higher strength steel

electric arc

continuum

gusset
gusset
How?
gusset
gusset
gusset

How is this a shear connection?

beveled
field

How is Figure 7 a moment connection?

1.6 Structural Loads

D
gravity

W pressure suction

uplift

Lr

Minimum Design Loads

for Buildings and Other Structures.
1.6.1 Step I. Categorization of Buildings
1.6.2 Dead Loads (D)

, Structural Analysis,
1.6.3 Live Loads

minimum uniformly distributed load

minimum concentrated live load
very large floor areas

.
1.6.4 Roof Live Loads

R1

R2 =
1.6.5 Wind Loads

qz

qz Kz Kzt Kd V2 I

Kd

Kzt

Kz

qz Kz
 qz p

p q GCp qi GCpi

Cp

Cpi

q qz z
q qh
qh qz z h qh
qi qh

p
q GCp qh
GCpi

1.6.6 Load and Resistance Factor Design

Example 1.1

hi N
gi ii

di fi
ei

ai ci
bi

Figure 8.

a6 b6 c6

c5
a5 b5

a4 b4 c4

a3 b3 c3

a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

Figure 9.
 b6 e6 h6

b5 e5 h5

b4 e4 h4

b3 e3 h3

b2 e2 h2

b1 e1 h1

Figure 10

qz

Kd

Kzt

Kh values for Exposure B, Case 2

Kh z

qz Kz Kzt Kd V2I

V
qz Kz

L/B

Cp
Cp
Cp

q G Cp

qz GCp Kz
Kz

qh GCp K65

qh GCp

Figure 11
 Figure 12

p q GCp qi GCpi

qi = qh = K65 = = psf

Cpi
GCpi

qi GCpi

Figure 13
 Figure 14

minimum

Example 1.2
bi - ei - hi

hi
gi ii

di fi
ei

ai ci
bi
Table 1.1

Member Tributary area KLL Lo/L=0.25 + 4.57/(KLLAT)0.5 Lo/L min.

bi-ei

ei - hi

di - ei

ei - fi

bi
ei
hi

b6 e6 g6

b5 e5 g5

b4 e4 g4

b3 e3 g3

b2 e2 g2

b1 e1 g1
d6 e6 f6

f5
d5 e5

d4 e4 f4

d3 e3 f3

d2 e2 f2
Resultant

d1 e1 f1