Inference:
The length affects period of oscillation.
Hypothesis:
If length increases then period of oscillation increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between length and period of oscillation.
Variables:
-Manipulated : length, l
-Responding : period of oscillation, T
-Fixed : (mass of pendulum)
Retort stand
pendulum l
G-clamp table
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with l= 10.0 cm measured using meter rule.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Displace pendulum horizontally to one side and then release it so that it oscillates.
ii-Measure T by measuring time taken for 10 complete oscillations using stop watch.
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using l= 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm
Tabulate Data:
Analysing Data:
Graph of T against l is plotted
T/s
l/cm
Experiment : 2
Inference:
The mass affects inertia.
Hypothesis:
If mass increases then inertia increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between mass and inertia.
Variables:
-Manipulated : mass, m
-Responding : Inertia, T
-Fixed : Length of jigsaw blade
table
Jigsaw blade
plasticine
G-clamp
Length of jigsaw blade
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with m= 10.0 g measured using triple beam balance.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Displace jigsaw blade horizontally to one side and then release it so that it oscillates.
ii-Measure T by measuring time taken for 10 complete oscillations using stop watch.
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using m= 20.0 g, 30.0 g, 40.0 g, 50.0 g
Tabulate Data:
Analysing Data:
Graph of T against m is plotted
T/s
m/g
Experiment : 3
Inference:
The mass affects acceleration.
Hypothesis:
If mass increases then acceleration decreases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between mass and acceleration.
Variables:
-Manipulated : mass, m
-Responding : acceleration, a
-Fixed : force
Ticker timer
Ticker tape
Elastic cord
trolley
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with m= 1 trolley.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Switch on ticker timer and pull trolley using an elastic cord stretched to the same length.
ii- Measure ticker tape : D1 and D2 using meter rule.
D1 D2
V= D2 u = D1
0.2 0.2
m/kg 1 2 3 4 5
a/ms-2
Analysing Data:
Graph of a against m is plotted
a/ms-2
m/kg
Experiment : 4
Inference:
The force affects acceleration.
Hypothesis:
If force increases then acceleration increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between force and acceleration.
Variables:
-Manipulated : force, F
-Responding : acceleration, a
-Fixed : mass
Arrangement of Apparatus:
Ticker timer
Ticker tape Elastic cord
trolley
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with F= 1 elastic cord.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Switch on ticker timer and pull trolley using an elastic cord stretched to the same length.
ii- Measure ticker tape : D1 and D2 using meter rule.
D1 D2
V= D2 u = D1
0.2 0.2
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using F= 2 elastic cords, 3 elastic cords, 4 elastic cords and 5 elastic cords
Tabulate Data:
F/N 1 2 3 4 5
a/ms-2
Analysing Data:
Graph of a against F is plotted
a/ms-2
F/N
Experiment : 5
Inference:
The initial height affects final velocity.
Hypothesis:
If initial height increases then final velocity increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between initial height and final velocity.
Variables:
-Manipulated : initial height, h
-Responding : final velocity, v
-Fixed : mass
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with h= 10.0 cm measured using meter rule.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Switch on ticker timer and release trolley.
ii-Measure v by calculating v from ticker tape:
v=d d= length of last 10 ticks measured using meter rule
t t=0.02 second x 10
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using h= 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm.
Tabulate Data:
Analysing Data:
Graph of v against h is plotted
v/ms-1
h/cm
Experiment 6
Inference:
The depth affects pressure.
Hypothesis:
If depth increases then pressure increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between depth and pressure.
Variables:
-Manipulated : Depth, h
-Responding : Pressure, P
-Fixed : Density of water
manometer
Thistle funnel h P
Thin rubber sheet
water
water
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with h= 10.0 cm measured using meter rule.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure P by measuring difference in height of manometer using meter rule.
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using h= 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm
Tabulate Data:
P/cm
h/cm
Experiment 7
Inference:
The pressure affects depth.
Hypothesis:
If pressure increases then depth increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between pressure and depth.
Variables:
-Manipulated : pressure, P
-Responding : depth, h
-Fixed : area
Slotted weight
Wooden block
h plasticine
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with weight= 10.0 N .
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure h using meter rule.
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using weight = 20.0 N, 30.0 N, 40.0 N, 50.0 N
Tabulate Data:
Analysing Data:
Graph of h against P is plotted
h/cm
P/Nm-2
Experiment 8
Inference:
The area affects depth.
Hypothesis:
If area increases then depth decreases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between area and depth.
Variables:
-Manipulated : area, A
-Responding : depth, h
-Fixed : weight
Wooden block
h
plasticine
Wooden plate
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with area of wooden plate, A= 10.0 cm2 .
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure h using meter rule.
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using A = 20.0 cm2, 30.0 cm2, 40.0 cm2, 50.0 cm2
Tabulate Data:
Analysing Data:
Graph of h against A is plotted
h/cm
A/cm-2
Experiment 9
Inference:
The force affects extension.
Hypothesis:
If force increases then extension increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between force and extension.
Variables:
-Manipulated : force, f
-Responding : extension, h
-Fixed : spring constant / hardness
meter rule
Retort stand
Retort
spring l s
t
a
slotted weight n
d
G-Clamp
G- table
bl
ce
l
a
m
Procedure:
p
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i- Measure initial length, L0 using meter rule.
i-Begin experiment with f= 10.0 N .
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure final length, Li using meter rule.
ii- Calculate extension using :
h = L i L0
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using f = 20.0 N, 30.0 N, 40.0 N, 50.0 N
Tabulate Data:
h/cm
f/N
Experiment 10
Inference:
The elastic potential energy affects kinetic energy.
Hypothesis:
If elastic potential energy increases then kinetic energy increases.
Aim:
To investigate the relationship between elastic potential energy and kinetic energy.
Variables:
-Manipulated : elastic potential energy, Ep
-Responding : kinetic energy, Ek
-Fixed : mass
X
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with X = 10.0 cm measured using metre rule.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Switch on ticker timer and release trolley.
ii-Measure v by calculating v from ticker tape:
v=d d= length of last 10 ticks measured using meter rule
t t=0.02 second x 10
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using X = 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm and 50.0 cm
Tabulate Data:
x / cm 1 2 3 4 5
v/ms-1
Analysing Data:
Graph of v against x is plotted
v / ms-1
x / cm
Experiment 11
Variables:
-Manipulated : weight of water displaced, W
-Responding : Buoyant force, F
-Fixed : density of water
Spring balance Wi
Wo
Wooden block
h
water Water displaced
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i- Measure weight of wood in air = W0
ii-Begin experiment with depth of wood in water, h = 2 cm measure using meter rule.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure weight of wood in water, Wi from Newton spring balance reading.
ii-Calculate buoyance force, F = Wi W0
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using h = 4cm, 6cm, 8 cm, 10 cm
Tabulate Data:
W/ N or 2 4 6 8 10
h/cm
F/N
Analysing Data:
Graph of F against W is plotted
F/N
W/N
Experiment 12
Variables:
-Manipulated : weight , W
-Responding : depth, h
-Fixed : density of water
Slotted weight
Wooden block
h
water
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
ii-Begin experiment with slotted weight, w = 1N
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure h using meter rule
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using slotted weight, W = 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N
Tabulate Data:
W/ N 1 2 3 4 15
h / cm
Analysing Data:
Graph of h against W is plotted
h/cm
W/N
Experiment 13
Variables:
-Manipulated : weight of water displaced, W
(represented by depth in water,h)
-Responding : Buoyant force, F
-Fixed : density of water
Spring balance
Wooden block
h
water Water displaced
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i- Measure weight of wood in air = W0 , using spring balance.
ii-Begin experiment with depth of wood in water, h = 2 cm measure using meter rule.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure weight of wood in water, Wi from Newton spring balance reading.
ii-Calculate buoyance force, F = Wi W0
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using h = 4cm, 6cm, 8 cm, 10 cm
Tabulate Data:
W/ N or 2 4 6 8 10
h/cm
F/N
Analysing Data:
Graph of F against W is plotted
F/N
W/N
Experiment 13
Variables:
-Manipulated : density of water,
(represented by mass of salt dissolved, m)
-Responding : depth in water, h
-Fixed : weight
Wooden block
h
Salt dissolve
in 500 ml water
Procedure:
-Controlling Manipulated Variable:
i-Begin experiment with mass of salt dissolved in water, m = 20 g measure using triple beam
balance.
-Measuring Responding Variables:
i-Measure h using meter rule
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using m = 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, 100 g
Tabulate Data:
m / kg 20 40 60 80 100
h/m
Analysing Data:
Graph of h against m is plotted
h / cm
m/kg
Experiment 14
Variables:
-Manipulated : mass, m
-Responding : heat represented by raise of temperature,
-Fixed : heating time // mass of water
Arrangement of Apparatus:
thermometer
Copper bob
Procedure:
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using m = 2 bobs, 3 bobs, 4 bobs, 5 bobs
Tabulate Data:
m / kg 1 2 3 4 5
/C
Analysing Data:
Graph of against m is plotted
/C
m/kg
Experiment 15
Variables:
-Manipulated : mass, m
-Responding : heat represented by raise of temperature,
-Fixed : heating time // mass of water
Arrangement of Apparatus:
thermometer
Copper bob
Procedure:
-Repetition:
-Experiment is repeated using m = 2 bobs, 3 bobs, 4 bobs, 5 bobs
Tabulate Data:
m / kg 1 2 3 4 5
/C
Analysing Data:
Graph of against m is plotted
/C
m/kg