OFITECHNICAL/SCIENTIFIC

CONFERENCE
Tuesday13thMay2014
IstanbulTurkey

Technologicalupdate
onedibleoilrefiningprocesses

VincentFiersDesmetBallestraGroup
Edible Oil Refining : Where are we now ?
OILSEEDS
MechanicalPressing
OilExtraction DeoiledMeal
SolventExtraction

CrudeOil
Gums LECITHIN
Waterdegumming
Chemical Physical
WDGOil
AlkaliNeutralisation Aciddegumming
Soapstock AcidGums

Spent
Bleaching bleachingearth
Bleaching

Deodorization DeodorizerDistillate Physicaldeacidification

Deodorization

RefinedOil

2
Current developments in edible oil refining
Improvedchemicalrefining
*Implementationofnanoreactortechnology

Enzymaticdegumming
*Efficientdegummingandhigheroilyield;
*Missinglinkforphysicalrefiningofsoftoils?;

Bleaching
*Fromsinglestagecolorremovaltomultistageadsorptivepurification

Developmentsindeodorization
*Moreefficientprocesses(lessoillosses,bettervalorisationofsidestreams)
*Milderdeodorization(lowertemperaturelowerpressure):ice
condensing
Chemical Refining

Stillmostwidelyappliedrefiningprocess
*Independentofcrudeoilquality(forgivingprocess);
*Usuallygivesgoodrefinedoilquality(effectofcaustic);
*Mostsuitableprocessforstandalonerefineries;

But,withitsknowndrawbacks
*Highneutraloillossesinthesoapstock(especiallyforhigherFFAoils);
*Difficultvalorizationoftheacidoil;
*Difficultandexpensivewastewatertreatment(environmentalissue);

Interestremainsforanextgenerationchemicalrefining
More efficient mixing
MoreefficientGums/FFARemoval&LessSoapstock

Static Dynamic HighShear UltraHighShear

(singlestage) (multistage)

Higherenergyinputbutlowerchemicalsconsumption

Howcanwefurtherimproveefficiency?
Hydrodynamic Nano Reactors
Uniqueinternalgeometry
Generationofverysmallnanobubblesinliquidstreams
Liquids(homogeneous/heterogeneous)arefedtonanoreactor
withhighpressurepump
Mechanicalandchemicaleffects
Formationofveryfineemulsions
Increasedsurfacearea
Extremelyhighshearforces
Activationofatoms,molecules
Disruptionofmolecularagglomerates
ProprietarydesignofCTI

Atruereactor,notjustabettermixer
Nano Neutralization

*Patentpending
process

*Addontoexisting
neutralizationline

HighPressurefeedpump Nanoreactorassembly
Nano Neutralization
500TPDNanoNeutralizationofsoybeanoil
Industrialdata
Nano Neutralization: proven advantages

0.10.3%oilyieldimprovement
90%lessphosphoricacid
30%lesscausticsoda
lesswashwater/silica

Industrialplant:500TPD
Nano Neutralized vs conventional refined oil
Comparisonofindustrialrefinedsoybeanoilsamples

SoybeanOil
Industrial Conventional
QualityParameters
Nanorefined Chemicalrefined
FFA(%C18:1) 0.02 0.02
P(ppm) <1 <1
Fe(ppm) <0.05 <0.05
TransFA(%) 0.53 0.57
Color(R51/4) 1.2 1.2
Tocopherols(ppm) 815 792
OSI(hrat97.8C) 15.5 15.7

Nanoneutralizathasnonegativeeffectonrefinedoilquality
Other Potential Applications

1.Nanodegummingofcrude/WDGoils
Deepdegummingtoallowphysicalrefining

2.Nanodegummingofpalmoil
Replacingthedryphosphoricaciddegumming

Alsosuitableinbiodieselfeedstockpretreatment

3.Enzymeassistednanodegumming

Stillintestingphase

11
Developments in deodorization
Improved Deodorizer design Qualistock +

Highstrippingefficiency
Improvedheatrecovery
Lightfuelconsumption
Reducedlossesandimproved
distillatequality
Splashoileliminated

Allmajorsectionscombined
intosinglevessel
Deodorizer design
Highstrippingefficiency

Highstripping
efficiency
inadeepbed
deodorizer
withspecial
designed
steamliftpumps
Deodorizer design
DeodorisingbyGasLiftPump
Steam
Steamentersthegasliftpump
throughacentraltube
Steamrisesupthetube
drawingoilwithit
Oilisdeflecteddownwards
bytheconicalhat
Steamrisescarryingawayimpurities

GASLIFTPUMPINACTION
Deodorizer design
Lightfuelconsumption(2.5to3.0kg/T
forcontinuousdeodorizer)

Virtuallyclogfreelargeborepipes
Highlevelofheatrecovery
Deodorizedoil
leavingtrayto
coolingsection

Coldbleachedoilin

Preheatedoilout

Deodorizedoil
enteringtrayfrom
uppersection
Deodorizer design
DoubleFattyAcidsCondensationSystem
Increasesacidityofthefattyacid
distillate
Recoversvaluablebyproducts
(tocopherolconcentrates)
Dual condensation for tocopherol recovery
Stripper/deodorizer with DOUBLE scrubber
NB Oil DB Oil
CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
FFA (% C18:1) 0.1 0.6
Tocopherols (ppm) 1200 1200
NBD Oil DBD Oil
FFA (% C18:1) < 0.03 < 0.03
Tocopherols (ppm) 511 515
HOT DISTILLATE
FFA (% C18:1) 7.5 14.8
Tocopherols (%) 21.79 18.23
Yield (kg/ton) 2.55 2.52
COLD DISTILLATE
FFA (% C18:1) 76.50 92.95
Tocopherols (%) 2.97 2.07
Yield (kg/ton) 1.05 5.97
Deodorized oil quality : effect of process variables

Qualityparameter Temperature Time Pressure Steam

Taste + ++ + ++

Color(heatbleach) ++ +

FFAstripping ++ ++ +

Transfattyacidformation ++ ++

Tocopherol/sterol ++ ++ +
stripping ++ ++ +
Contaminantremoval1
Legend : - : little or no effect, + : significant effect, ++ : large effect
Contaminants : Pesticides, PAH, dioxins
Vacuum production in deodorization

Conventional deodorizers commonly operate

at a pressure of 3-4 mbar
Empirical requirement for good deodorization:
8 m3 sparge steam /kg oil (230-250C)
Trend to go to lower pressures: 4 > 3 > 2 > 1.5 mbar
1.5 > 1 > 0.5 mbar
eg. 240C 3 mbar 10 kg/ton 780 m3/kg steam
2 mbar 6.7 kg/ton 1170
1.5 mbar 5 kg/ton 1560
1 mbar 3.3 kg/ton 2340
0.5 mbar 1.7 kg/ton 4680
Low deodorizing pressure
Benefits
Betterstrippingefficiency(atsamedeodorizingtemperature)
Samestrippingefficiency(atlowerdeodorizingtemperature)
Lowerdeodorizingpressuremaythereforeresultin:
lessunwanteddegradationreactions;
moreneutraloillossesduetostrippingofvolatilemonoglycerides

Technology
Closedloopsystemswithchilledwater
DryIceCondensingsystems
Conventional vacuum systems

Combinationofsteamjetejectors(boosters),vapourcondensers
andmechanical(liquidring)vacuumpump

Highmotivesteamconsumption(6085%oftotalsteam)
Vacuum systems
CONVENTIONALDIRTYWATER
VACUUMSYSTEM

Highsteamconsumption

Odourproblems

Higheffluentemission
Vacuum systems
CLOSEDBAROMETRIC
VACUUMSYSTEM

Highersteamconsumption

Reducedodourproblems

Highereffluentemission
Vacuum systems
CHILLEDBAROMETRIC
VACUUMSYSTEM

Reducedsteamconsumption
Reducedodourproblems

Reducedeffluentemission
Vacuumof1to1.5mbar
inthedeodorizerispossible
Vacuum systems
ICECONDENSING
VACUUMSYSTEM

VeryLowsteamconsumption
Muchreduced
odorproblem

Muchreducedeffluent
emission
Vacuumof1to1.5mbar
inthedeodorizerispossible
Vacuum systems
ICECONDENSING
VACUUMSYSTEM

Condensationofsteaminto
iceonsurfacecondensers

Lowpressure
canbereached(<2mbar)
Why vertical? largetubediameterwithlargetubepitch
fallingfilm,constanttemperaturealong
entiretube
lowsystemrefrigerantmass
Top selfdraining,easytodeiceandclean
Sublimax view nometalmetalfriction,freeverticalmotion
longfreezingcyclespossible
compact:smallfootprint
peaksincoolingcapacityareminimised
bycontrolledcoolingfromhigh(forcleaning)
tolow
operatingtemperatures
lowenergyconsumptionduetohigh
evaporationtemperaturesandfallingfilm
Vertical tube principle
falling NH3film
horizontal tube
Vertical design with falling film: Sublimax

vapors Lesssensitivetofouling;Cantakeverydirtyvapors
Ammonia
icecondenseraspartialandeventotalvapor
condenser(steam&fatttymatter)
skippingcondenserindeodorization
saves0.51mbar!
Lowpressuredeodorizationat<1mbar

Benefits:
betterstrippingatlowertemperature

water betterusageofspargesteam
(doublingofvolume)
idealforheatsensitiveoils

Ammonia
Vacuum systems
Energyconsumptionincontinuousdeodorizer
Vacuumcostperyear(500tpdEuro)
Vacuum systems
Energyconsumptionincontinuousdeodorizer

Utility consumption vacuum production/ton oil

Investment and erection cost
Euro

Clean cooling tower

Dirty cooling tower

Ice condenser
Chilled water

Icecondenserisnotcheap,butCAPEXisnotkeyfactor,OPEXis...
Investment
Euro and erection cost

Clean cooling tower

Dirty cooling tower

Ice condenser
Chilled water
saving
425
kus$/y

HighCAPEX,lowOPEX,goodROI(<3years)
Conclusions

Newdevelopmentsinedibleoilrefiningare/weremainly
improvementsofwellestablishedunitoperations.
Newtechnologiesareonlyimplementediftheyimprove
the(cost)efficiencyoftheprocess.
Improvedvacuumsystems(chilledwater,icecondensing)
allowbetterproductquality(lowtrans,betterretention
ofnaturalantioxydants)
Oilquality(andalsosustainability)becomesmoreimportant
andmayleadtonewRefiningprocesses/concepts

ActiveR&Dmorethaneverrequiredinourindustry:
Sciencebehind(new)technology
 Thank you
for your attention!!!

Contact:
Ir.VincentFiersProductManagerRefiningDesmetBallestra
Groupmail:VF@desmetballestra.com