7.

A small firm intends to increase the capacity of a bottleneck operation by adding a new machine. Two alternatives, A and B, have been
identified, and the associated costs and revenues have been estimated. Annual fixed costs would be $39,000 for A and $30,000 for B;
variable costs per unit would be $10 for A and $11 for B; and revenue per unit would be $15.

a. Determine each alternatives break-even point in units. (Round your answer to the nearest whole amount.)

QBEP,A
units
QBEP,B
units

b. At what volume of output would the two alternatives yield the same profit? (Round your answer to thenearest whole amount.)

Profit
units

c. If expected annual demand is 16,000 units, which alternative would yield the higher profit?

Higher profit

8
A producer of inkjet printers is planning to add a new line of printers, and you have been asked to balance the process, given the follow
task times and precedence relationships. Assume that cycle time is to be the minimum possible.

Length Immediate
Task (minutes) Predecessor
a 0.2 -
b 0.4 a
c 0.3 -
d 1.3 b, c
e 0.1 -
f 0.8 e
g 0.3 d, f
h 1.2 g

a. Do each of the following:

(2) Assign tasks to stations in order of greatest number of following tasks. Use greatest positional weight as a tiebreaker rule.

Work Station Task Assigned

 I

II

III

IV

Following
Task Tasks
a

(3) Determine the percentage of idle time. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "%" sign in your response.)

Percentage of idle time

%

(4) Compute the rate of output in printers per day that could be expected for this line assuming a 420-minute working day. (Round
your answer to the nearest whole number.)

Rate of output
units per day

b. Answer these questions:

(1) What is the shortest cycle time that will permit use of only two workstations? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)
 Shortest cycle time
minutes

(2) Determine the percentage of idle time that would result if two stations were used and each station was loaded with the worktime
shown in Part b(1). (Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Omit the "%" sign in your response.

Percentage of idle time

%

(3) What is the daily output under this arrangement a using the cycle time from Part b(1)? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place

Daily output
units per day

(4) Determine the output rate that would be associated with using the maximum cycle time. (Round your answer to 2 decimal
places.)

Rate of output
units per day

Problem 6-5
As part of a major plant renovation project, the industrial engineering department has been asked to balance a revised assembly operat
to achieve an output of 240 units per eight-hour day. Task times and precedence relationships are as follows:

Duration Immediate
Task (minutes) Predecessor
a 0.2 -
b 0.4 a
c 0.2 b
d 0.4 -
e 1.2 d
f 1.2 c
g 1.0 e, f

Do each of the following:

b. Determine the minimum cycle time, the maximum cycle time, and the calculated cycle time. (Round your answers to 1 decimal
place.)
 The minimum cycle time
minutes per unit
The maximum cycle time
minutes per unit
Calculated cycle time
minutes per unit

c. Determine the minimum number of stations needed. (Round your answer to the next whole number.)

Minimum number of stations

d. Assign tasks to workstations on the basis of greatest number of following tasks. Use longest processing time as a tiebreaker. If ties
still exist, assume indifference in choice.

Work stations Following Tasks

I

II

III

IV

e. Compute the percentage of idle time for the assignment in part d. Use the actual bottleneck cycle time in your calculation. (Round
your answer to 1 decimal place. Omit the "%" sign in your response.)
11.
Problem 6-6
Twelve tasks, with times and precedence requirements as shown in the following table, are to be assigned to workstations that have a fix
machine cycle time of 1.5 minutes. Two heuristic rules will be tried: (1) greatest positional weight, and (2) greatest number of following tas
In each case, the tiebreaker will be shortest task time.

Length Immediate
Task (minutes) Predecessor
a 0.1 -
b 0.2 a
c 0.9 b
d 0.6 c
e 0.1 -
f 0.2 d, e
g 0.4 f
h 0.1 g
i 0.2 h
j 0.7 i
 k 0.3 j
l 0.2 k

b. Assign tasks to stations under each of the two rules.

(1) greatest positional weight (shortest task time as tiebreaker)

Work Station Tasks

I

II

III

(2) greatest number of following tasks (shortest task time as tiebreaker)

Work Station Tasks

I

II

III

c. Compute the percentage of idle time for each rule. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "%" sign in your response

Percentage of idle time

%

12
Problem 7-2
A job was timed for 60 cycles and had an average of 2.5 minutes per piece. The performance rating was 93 percent, and workday
allowances are 18 percent. Determine each of the following:

a. Observed time. (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)

Observed time
minutes
b. Normal time. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Normal time
minutes

c. Standard time. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Standard time
minutes

13
Problem 7-3
A time study was conducted on a job that contains four elements. The observed times and performance ratings for six cycles are shown
the following table.

OBSERVATIONS (minutes per cycle)

Performance
Element Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 90% 0.44 0.50 0.43 0.45 0.43 0.46
2 85 1.50 1.56 1.47 1.51 1.49 1.52
3 110 0.84 0.89 0.77 0.83 0.87 0.80
4 100 1.10 1.14 1.08 1.16 1.16 1.26

a. Determine the average cycle time for each element. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.)

Element Average cycle

1

b. Find the normal time for each element. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.)

Element Normal time

1

3
 4

c. Assuming an allowance factor of 13 percent of job time, compute the standard time for this job. (Round your answers to 3 decim
places.)

Element Standard time

1