POWER GENERATION USING SPEED

BREAKERS
POWER GENERATION USING SPEED
BREAKERS

ABSTRACT
This project harvests energy from speed
breaker by making gear arrangement and
using electronics gadgets. Large amounts
amount of electricity can be generated saving
lot of money. And implemented will be very
beneficial for Government.

When vehicle is in motion it produces

various forms of energy like, due to friction
between vehicles wheel and road i.e. rough
surface HEAT Energy is produced.
The principle involved is POTENTIAL
ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
CONVERSION. There is a system to
generate power by converting the potential
energy generated by a vehicle going up on a
speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the
vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it
gains height resulting in increase in potential
energy, which is wasted in a conventional
rumble strip. When the breaker comes down,
they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel
type mechanism (a angular motion
converter) which in turn rotates a geared
shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output
of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to
convert kinetic energy into electricity.
INTRODUCTION:
An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or
price rise) in the supply of energy resources
to an economy. It usually refers to the
shortage of oil and additionally to electricity
or other natural resources. An energy crisis
may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum
crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage
electricity crisis. While not entering a full
crisis, political riots that occurred during the
2007 Burmese anti-government protests were
initially sparked by rising energy prices.
Likewise the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute and
have been mostly resolved before entering a
prolonged crisis stage. Market failure is
possible manipulation of markets occurs.
A crisis can develop due to industrial actions
like union organized strikes and government
embargoes. The cause may be ageing over-
consumption, infrastructure and sometimes
bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities
restrict fuel supply. An emergency may
emerge during unusually cold winters.
EMERGING SHORTAGES Crisis that
currently exist include; Oil price increases
since 2003 - Cause: increasing
demand from the U.S and China, the falling
state of the U.S. dollar, and stagnation of
production due to the U.S. occupation of
Iraq. Iraq is #3 in the world (besides Saudi
Arabia and Iran) for its oil reserves. However
some observers have stated the global oil
production peak occurred in December 2005.
If this is correct it is also to blame. 2008
Central Asia energy crisis, caused by
abnormally cold temperatures and low water
levels in an area dependent on hydroelectric
power South African electrical crisis
Solution for Energy Crisis NEXT time on the
roads, dont scoff at the speed-breakers. They
could actually light up small villages off the
highway. This project is about
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY with the
SPEED BREAKERS. Generally when
vehicle is in motion it produces various
forms of energy like, due to friction between
vehicles wheel and road i.e. rough surface
HEAT Energy is produced, also when
vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the
wind then also heat energy is produced
which is always lost in environment and of
which we cant make this energy that we can
just the WASTAGE OF ENERGY that is
abundantly available around us. In this
project we are just trying to make use of such
energy in order to generate an
ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

This project will work on the principle of

POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL
ENERGY CONVERSION Potential energy
can be thought of as energy stored within a
physical system. This energy can be released
or converted into other forms of energy,
including kinetic energy. It is called potential
energy because it has the potential to change
the states of objects in the system when the
energy is released If h is the height above an
arbitrarily assigned reference point, then
Kinetic energy of an object is the extra
energy which it possesses due to its motion.
It is defined as the work needed to accelerate
a body of a given mass from rest to its
current velocity. Having gained this energy
during its acceleration, the body maintains
this kinetic energy unless its speed changes.
Negative work of the same magnitude would
be required to return the body to a state of
rest from that velocity.

The kinetic energy can be calculated using

the formula: In this project a mechanism to
generate power by converting the potential
energy generated by a vehicle going up on a
speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the
vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it
gains height resulting in increase in potential
energy, which is wasted in a conventional
rumble strip When the breaker come down,
they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel
type mechanism (a angular motion
converter). This in turn rotates a geared shaft
loaded with recoil springs. The output of this
shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert
kinetic energy into electricity. A vehicle
weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10
cm on such a rumble strip produces
approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one
such speed-breaker on a busy highway,
where about 100 vehicles pass every minute,
about one kilo watt of electricity can be
produced every single minute.

A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a

height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip
produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power.
So one such speed-breaker on a busy
highway, where about 100 vehicles pass
every minute, about one kilo watt of
electricity can be produced every single
minute. The figure will be huge at the end of
the day, he said.
The Assam power ministry is expected to
back the IIT pilot project
Das says a storage module like an inverter
will have to be fitted to each such rumble
strip to store this electricity. The cost of
electricity generation and storage per mega
watt from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 1
crore as opposed to about Rs 8 crore in
thermal or hydro power stations.

Next time on the roads, don't scoff at the

speed-breakers. They could actually light up
small villages off the highway.An amateur
innovator in Guwahati has developed a
simple contraption that can generate power
when a vehicle passes over a speed breaker.
Kanak Gogoi, a small time businessman, has
developed a mechanism to generate power
by converting the potential energy generated
by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into
kinetic energy. The innovation has caught the
eye of the Indian Institute of Technology
(iit), Guwahati, which will fund a pilot
project to generate electricity from speed-
breakers.

The idea is basic physics. Gogoi has welded

five-metre-long metal plates into the speed-
breaker instead of the conventional bitumen-
and-stone-chip rumble strip. The plates are
movable and inclined with the help of a
spring-loaded hydraulic system. The
fulcrum-attached plates are pushed down
when a vehicle moves over them and bounce
back to original position as it passes.

"When the vehicle moves over the inclined

plates, it gains height resulting in increase in
potential energy, which is wasted in a
conventional rumble strip," Gogoi says.
"When the plates come down, they crank a
lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type
mechanism. This in turn rotates a geared
shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output
of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to
convert kinetic energy into electricity," he
explains.

IIT Guwahati has evaluated the machine and

recommended it to the Assam ministry of
power for large scale funding. A K Das, a
professor at iit's design department

4
says it is a 'very viable proposition' to
harness thousands of mega watts of
electricity untapped across the country every
day.

"A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a

height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip
produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power.
So one such speed-breaker on a busy
highway, where about 100 vehicles pass
every minute, about one kilo watt of
electricity can be produced every single
minute. The figure will be huge at the end of
the day," he said.
The Assam power ministry is expected
to back the iit pilot project.

Das says a storage module like an inverter

will have to be fitted to each such rumble
strip to store this electricity. The cost of
electricity generation and storage per mega
watt.

BASIC PRINCIPLES:

simple energy conversion from

mechanical to electrical.

to generate electricity using the vehicle

kinetic energy as input
 we can develope electricity from speed
breakers

they are using 3 different mechanisms:

I. Roller mechanism

II. Rack- Pinion

mechanism III.
Crank-shaft
mechanism
ROLLER MECHANISM:
A roller blind mechanism for winding and
unwinding a rollable blind, the mechanism
comprising a support element, a drive
sprocket which is rotatably mounted on the
support element for transmitting rotational
movement to a blind supporting member, and
a manually-movable elongate flexible drive
element which includes a plurality of
interlinked tooth-engaging elements, the
drive sprocket including a plurality of
flexible teeth engagable with the tooth-
engaging elements of the flexible drive
element. A roller blind mechanism as
claimed in claim 1, wherein a radial extent of
the teeth of the

6
S

drive sprocket is equal to or greater than a

maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging
elements of the flexible drive element.

A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim

2, wherein the radial extent is equal to or
greater than twice the maximum dimension
of the tooth-engaging elements of the
flexible drive element.

A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim

1, wherein the teeth of the drive sprocket flex
in a circumferential direction of the sprocket.
Rack and Pinion mechanism:
Rack and pinion gears normally change
rotary motion into linear motion, but
sometimes we use them to change linear
motion into rotary motion.

They transform a rotary movement (that of

the pinion) into a linear movement

7
(that of the rack) or vice versa.

We use them for sliding doors moved by an

electric motor.The rack is attached to the
door and the pinion is attached to the motor.
The motor moves the pinion which moves
the rack and the door moves.
CRANKSHAFT MECHANISM:

The crankshaft is a mechanism

that transforms rotary
movement into linear
movement, or vice versa.

For example, the motion of the

pistons in the engine of a car is
linear (they go up and down).

But the motion of the wheels has to be rotary.

So, engineers put a crankshaft

between the engine and the
transmission to the wheels.
The pistons of the engine
move the crankshaft and the
movement becomes rotary.

Then the rotary movement

goes past the clutch and the
gear box all the way to the
wheels.
8
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM
OF ROLLER MECHANISM:

oil production peak occurred in

December

Before starting I have one question to you all

who is really very happy with the current
situation of the electricity in India? I suppose
no one . so this is my step to improve the
situation of electricity with a innovative and
useful concept ie Generating Electricity from
a Speed breaker First of all what is electricity
means to us? Electricity is the form of
energy. It is the flow of electrical Power .
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is
one of our most widely used forms of energy.
We get electricity, which is a secondary
energy source, from the conversion of other
sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil,
nuclear power and other natural sources,
which are called primary sources. Many
cities and towns were built alongside water
falls that turned water wheels to perform
work. Before electricity generation began
slightly over 100 years ago, houses were lit
with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in
iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-
burning or coal-burning stoves. Direct
current (DC) electricity had been used in arc
lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s,
Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation,
transmission, and use of alternating current
(AC) electricity, which can be transmitted
over much greater distances than direct
current. Tesla's inventions used electricity to
bring indoor lighting to our homes and to
power industrial machines. How is electricity
generated?

Electricity generation was first developed in

the 1800's using Faradays dynamo generator.
Almost 200 years later we are still using the
same basic principles to generate electricity,
only on a much larger scale.

The rotor(rotating shaft) is directly

connected to the prime mover and rotates as
the prime mover turns. The rotor contains a
magnet that, when turned, produces a
moving or rotating magnetic field. The rotor
is surrounded by a stationary casing called
the stator, which contains the wound copper
coils or windings. When the moving
magnetic field passes by these windings,
electricity is produced in them. By
controlling the speed at which the rotor is
turned, a steady flow of electricity is
produced in the windings. These windings
are connected to the electricity network via
transmission lines.

9
Now I m throwing some light on the very
new and innovative concept ie
GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM A
SPEED BREAKER . Producing electricity
from a speed breaker is a new concept that is
under going research. The number of
vehicles on road is increasing rapidly and if
we convert some of the kinetic energy of
these vehicle into the rotational motion of
roller then we can produce considerable
amount of electricity, this is the main concept
of this project. In this project, a roller is
fitted in between a speed breaker and some
kind of a grip is provided on the speed
breaker so that when a vehicle passes over
speed breaker it rotates the roller. This
movement of roller is used to rotate the shaft
of D.C. generator by the help of chain drive
which is there to provide 1:5 speed ratio . As
the shaft of D.C. generator rotates, it
produces electricity. This electricity is stored
in a battery. Then the output of the battery is
used to lighten the street lamps on the road.
Now during daytime we don?t need
electricity for lightening the street lamps so
we are using a control switch which is
manually operated .The control switch is
connected by wire to the output of the
battery. The control switch has ON/OFF
mechanism which allows the current to flow
when needed.
One question that u all are thinking is why I
have apply this on the speed breaker and not
on the rough road or plane road where the
kinetic energy of the vehicle is more then
what I m getting on the speed breaker I m
giving u one example, just think over it.

A car or any heavy vehicle is coming with a

speed of 100 mph on the road and passing
over this roller which is fitted at the level of
the road then this roller is gaining the speed
nearly somewhere 90 mph (due to losses). So
now suppose a cycle is coming with a speed
of 20 mph and is going to pass this roller
(which is moving at a speed of 90 mph) due
to this difference in the speed there will be a
collision that is the main reason for using this
concept on the speed breaker
10
Side View
Top View
11
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM
OF RACK AND PINION
MECHANISM:(POWER HUMP):

In the present scenario power becomes major

need for human life. Due to day-to-day
increase in population and lessen of the
conventional sources, it becomes necessary
that we must depend on non-conventional
sources for power generation. While moving,
the vehicles posses some kinetic energy and
it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be
utilized to produce power by using a special
arrangement called POWER HUMP.
The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can
be converted into mechanical energy of the
shaft through rack and pinion mechanism.
This shaft is connected to the electric
dynamo and it produces electrical energy
proportional to traffic density. This generated
power can be regulated by using zenor diode
for continuous supply .All this mechanism
can be housed under the dome like speed
breaker, which is called hump.

The generated power can be used for general

purpose like streetlights, traffic signals. The
electrical output can be improved by
arranging these power humps in series this
generated power can be amplified and stored
by using different electric devices. The
maintenance cost of hump is almost
nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we
can satisfy the future demands to some
extent.

KEY WORDS:

Non-conventional sources, Kinetic energy,

Electro-mechanical unit, Speed breaker,
magnetic field.

12
INTRODUCTION:

In the present scenario power becomes the

major need for human life .The availability
and its percapita consumptions is regarded as
the index of national standard of living in the
present day civilization. Energy is an
important input in all the sectors of any
countries economy. Energy crisis is due to
two reasons, firstly the population of the
world has been increased rapidly and
secondly standard of living of human beings
has increased. India is the country, which
majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power
generation. The capital energy consumption
of U.S.A. is about 8000 K.W.H., where as
per INDIA is only 150 K.W.H. U.S.A. with
7% of world population consumes 32% of
total power generation where as INDIA as
developing country with 20% of world
population consumes only 1% of total energy
consumed in the world.

The availability of regular conventional

fossil fuels will be the main sources for
power generation, but there is a fear that they
will get exhausted eventually by the next few
decades. Therefore, we have to investigate
some approximate, alternative, new sources
for the power generation, which is not
depleted by the very few years.

Another major problem, which is becoming

the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It
suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as
on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations
and automobiles are the major pollution
producing places. Therefore, we have to
investigate other types of renewable sources,
which produce electricity without using any
commercial fossil fuels, which is not
producing any harmful products.

There are already existing such systems

using renewable energy such as solar wind),
OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions)
etcfor power generation. The latest
technology which is used to generate the
power by such renewable energy is the

POWER HUMP.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
While moving, the vehicles possess some
kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This
kinetic energy can be utilized to produce
power by using a special arrangement called
POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical
unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies
and electrical techniques for the power
generation and its storage. POWER HUMP
is a dome like device likely to be speed
breaker.

13
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over
the dome it gets pressed downwards then the
springs are attached to the dome are
compressed and the rack which is attached to
the bottom of the dome moves downward in
reciprocating motion. Since the rack has
teeth connected to gears, there exists
conversion of reciprocating motion of rack
into rotary motion of gears but the two gears
rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is
mounted on the shaft whose function is to
regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to
make the energy uniform. So that the shafts
will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts
are connected through a belt drive to the
dynamos, which converts the mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The conversion
will be proportional to traffic density.

Whenever an armature rotates between the

magnetic fields of south and north poles, an
E.M.F (electro motive force) is induced in it.
So, for inducing the E.M.F armature coil has
to rotate, for rotating this armature it is
connected to a long shaft. By rotating same
e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation kinetic
energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The
power is generated in both the directions; to
convert this power into one way a special
component is used called zenor diode for
continuous supply. All this mechanism can
be housed under the dome, like speed
breaker, which is called HUMP. The
electrical output can be improved by
arranging these POWER HUMPS in series.
This generated power can be amplified and
stored by using different electrical devices.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:

The various machine elements used in the

construction of power hump are

RACK

SPUR GEAR

FLY WHEEL

BEARINGS

SHAFT
 SPRINGS

ELECTRIC DYNAMO

14
A dome is mounted on four springs and in
the bottom, a rack is clamped. The rack
consists contact teeth on both the faces. It is
connected to two gear wheels to rotate the
gear wheels only in one direction. We have
inserted a free wheel in each gear. The free
wheel and the gear assembly are mounted
centrally. The flywheel is also mounted on
the same shaft and the shaft is simply
supported at the both ends by means of ball
bearings. Now a dynamo is connected to
each shaft by belt drive. The output terminal
of dynamo is connected to an electrical
storing device. The total assembly is
arranged in concrete pit.
S. NAME MATER QUA
N OF IAL NTIT
O THE USED Y
COMP
ONEN
T

MILD
1 RACK STEEL 1

SPUR CAST
2 GEAR IRON 2

FLY
WHEE CAST
3 L IRON 2

4 SHAFTMILD 2
 STEEL

CH
SPRIN RO
5 GS ME- 4
VANADI
UM
ALLOY
STEEL

CA
BEARI HIG RB
6 NGS H ON 4
CHROM
IUM
STE
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ELECT
7 RIC ____ 2
DYNA
 MO

15
RACK:

Its primary function is to convert translatory

motion into rotary motion. It must have
higher strength, rigidity and resistance to
shock load and less wear and tear.
Fig: Line diagram of power hump

SPUR GEAR:

It is a positive power transmission device

with definite velocity ratio. In volute teeth
profile is preferred for adjusting some linear
misalignment. It should have high wear and
tear, shock-absorbing capacity.

16
FLY WHEEL:

The primary function of flywheel is to act as

an energy accumulator. It reduces the
fluctuations in speed. It absorbs the energy
when demand is less and release the same
when it is required.

SHAFTS:

It is a rotating element, which is used to

transmit power from one place to another
place. It supports the rotating elements like
gears and flywheels. It must have high
torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity.
SPRINGS:

It is defined as an elastic body whose

function is to distort when loaded and to
recover its original shape when the load is
removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls
energy either due to shocks or due to
vibrations.

BEARINGS:

It is a machine element, which supports

another machinery. It permits relative motion
between the contacting surfaces while
carrying the loads. They reduce the friction
and transmit the motion effectively.

ELECTRIC DYNAMO:
It is a device, which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. It works based
on faradays laws of electromagnetic
induction.

FIRST LAW:

Whenever a conductor cuts across magnetic

lines of flux an e.m.f is induced in it.

SECOND LAW:

The magnitude of induced e.m.f is equals to

the rate of change of flux.
17
CONCLUSION:

Energy is an important input to sustain

industrial growth and standard of living of a
country and can be directly related to per-
capita energy consumption. The conventional
sources energy like coal, oil, uranium etc
are depleting very fast and by the turn of the
century man will have to depend upon non
conventional sources of energy for power
generation.

The various types of non-conventional

sources of energy are solar energy, wind
energy, biogas etc now by developing
POWER HUMP we can generate power
with out utilizing any external sources
mentioned earlier.

Now, vehicular traffic in big cities is more,

causing a problem to human being. But this
vehicular traffic can also be utilized for
power generation by means of new technique
called POWER HUMP. If it is placed in
heavy traffic roads, the weight and kinetic
energy of the vehicles can be used to produce
mechanical power in shafts and this
mechanical power is once again converted
into electrical energy.

As it does not utilize any external source,

and traffic will never be reduced, these
power humps are more reliable, and have
more life than any other power source. It is
also feasible from the customer point of view
as follows.

The total installation cost of the hump

is 6000 rupees. Total cost = 6000
rupees

Say with improvements in design it can glow

5 streetlights of 40-watt capacity, which will
consume 2.7 K.W.H. per day.

For t years electricity bill will be

2986.5*t T=2years

i.e. the consumer will be repaid his

investment with in 2 years period. From this
onwards, there will be no investment and
free of cost. The life of POWER HUMP is
estimated to be 6 years. So the customer will
get free power generation for 4 years period.

But the major drawback of this POWER

HUMP is design of springs. When we have
less traffic and there is difficulty in design of
springs also the generation of power is
intermittent, we have to smooth out this
variations.

18
With proper improvements in design and
installation, we can produce 240v/230v with
5-10A power smoothly and can be used for
public use like streetlights or traffic signals.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM

OF RACK AND PINION

MECHANISM:
This mechanism is the third
mechanism . it is the crank shaft
mechanism

.whenever the vehicle going on the speed

breaker ,the speed breaker goes
downwards .so, the potential energy is
converted into kinetic energy. here, we are
used crank shaft

19
mechanism for the development of the small
amount of electricity. the electricity saves

on the battery storage unit .the crank shaft

mechanism is regained its previous position

vice versa..

Advantages:

Low budget electricity production

Less floor area

 No obstruction to traffic

Easy maintenance

Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls,

toll booths, signals, etc.

Uses: Charging batteries and using them

to light up the streets, etc

Disadvantages:

Selecting suitable generator.

 Selection of springs.

Achieving proper balance of speed and

torque.

It gives low electric output

20
Conclusion:

As day by day power consumption increases

but electric crisis occur. So the minor needs
of electricity such as street lights and traffic
sigals can be generated from speed breakers.
Instead of wasting kinetic energy of vehicles
at speed breakers the minor needs can be met
bt converting kinetic energy to electrical
energy.
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