Physical Capital; background that affects the type of knowledge that exists
in the community?
-Fasilitas Desa / infrastruktur dasar
Listrik
Air (sanitasi) dan jaringan air minum
Jaringan telepon dan internet
Kanal / kilang
Jalan (transpotasi) dan jembatan
o Jauh atau tidak dari pusat kabupaten / jalan utama
berpengaruh kepada hasil pertanin ke kota atau
kecamatan. Lebih jauh akses kepasar berpengaruh
kepada apakah komoditas sagu di monopoli oleh
makelar yang mempunyai truk-truk besar. Terkait
ketergantungan pada makelar
o Jika dikaitkan dengan aspek kesejahteraan maka
fasilitas fisik juga penting karena berpengaruh
kepada akses masyarakat terhadap layanan
kesehatan
o Kondisi: sagu basah di jual kepada toke Cina; dan ada
yang dikirim ke cirebon
-Kondisi Fisik Rumah
o Dinding tembok dan lantai
o Apakah disetiap rumah ada MCK
Question: (based on DFIF)
1. How complex is the local environment (the more complex
the problems, the greater the importance of knowledge)?
2. From where (what sources, networks) do people access
information that they feel is valuable to their livelihoods?
3. Which groups, if any, are excluded from accessing these
sources?
4. Does this exclusion affect the nature of information
available? (e.g. if women are excluded, then knowledge
of traditionally female production activities may be
limited.)
5. Are knowledge managers (e.g. teachers or core
members of knowledge networks) from a particular social
6. Is there a tradition of local innovation? Are technologies
in use from internal or external sources?
7. Do people feel that they are particularly lacking in certain
types of information?
8. How aware are people of their rights and of the policies,
legislation and regulation that impact on their livelihoods?
If they do consider themselves to be aware, how accurate
is their understanding?
Financial Capital:
- Kemiskinan
o Real per capita income
o Real per capita income growth
o Real per capita income inequality
o Tabungan
o Investasi (sertifikat surat berharga, saham, dsb)
o Program pengentasan kemiskinan
o Jika terjadi krisis
Tendensi berhutang; apakah dari hubungan
sosial kolektif, atau akses bank
Kalau terjadi kebakaran hutan dan
produktivitas menurut bagaimana petani
menyikapinya? Apakah menggunakan modal
sosial (hutang keluarga; hubungan baik
dengan investor; atau pemerintah)
- Agiculture
o Agiculture productivity
o Food production index
o Pendanaan regular
o Pinjaman modal usaha
Institusi kredit alternatf, community
development credi unions (lembaga
perkreditan); community development
banks.
 o Food price index
o Pemerintahan Desa
Local government debt rate
Market and institution (akses petani
terhadap pasar; bukan pasar tradisional
seperti di modal fisik tetapi akses terhadap
konsumen sagu)
Labour (Employment rate)
Migration rate
Human Capital:
Quality of social life and welfare. Good quality means good
education and health; reduced risks and vulnerability of people.
http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/pages/rural/files/2.3_
Chapter_VII_Approaches_In_Selecting_A_Core_Set_Of_Indicators.
pdf
Indikator Kualitas SDM menurut hasil seminari TNI-AD (Strategi
Pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam PJPTK)
1. Kualitas fisik dan kesehatan, yang melitputi:
a. Kesehatan yang baik dan kesegaran jasmani
Petani sagu yang biasa bekerja berat akan terkena
penyakit hernia (turun perut) atau wasir. Jadi,
penyakit ini adalah penyakit yang paling banyak
diderita oleh Masyarakat Sungai Tohor
b. Memiliki postur tubuh yang baik disebabkan oleh
peningkatan gizi yang baik;
i. Rural child malnutrition
ii. Rurl population living on less tan $1 a day
c. Tingkat kehidupan yang layak dan manusiawi
i. Infant mortality rate
ii. Tingkat ketergantungan (John Stuart Mill);
- Apakah yang kaya bergantung pada
yang miskin?
- Aapakah wanita bergantung pada
pria? Apakah ada budaya patriarki?
2. Kualitas Intelektual (pengetahuan dan
keterampilan
a. Memiliki kemampuan pendidikan pada jenjang
yang lebih tinggi;
i. Tingkat Melek Huruf;
ii. Rasio anggaran untuk pendidikan desa
Sungai Tohor disbanding keseluruhan
pembiayaan;
iii. Pendidikan Terakhir (Sungai Tohor: anak-
anaknya rata-rata lulusan SMA; ada juga
yang kuliah dan merantau ke batam)
b. Memiliki tingkat ragam dan kualitas pendidikan
serta keterampilan yang relevan dengan
memperhatikan dinamika lapangan kerja
i. Ilmu pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan yang
relevan dengan tuntutan industrialisasi
Profil responden Industri Tani
- Sudah Berapa Lama Bertani
o 1-10 tahun
o 10-20 tahun
o >21 tahun
- Asal keterampilan bertani:
o Sesama petani sukses
o Mengikuti pelatihan
o Coba-coba (trial)
o Turun temurun
ii. Pengetahuan Teknologi
c. Memiliki penguasaan Bahasa, meliputi Bahasa
nasional, Bahasa daerah, dan sekurang kurangnya
satu Bahasa asing;
3. Kualitas Spiritual (prespektif, mentalitas)
a. taat menjalankan agama dan kepercayaan
terhadap tuhan; serta toleransi yang tinggi dalam
kehidupan beragama;
- apakah terjadi konflik yang berkaitan
dengan agama?
 b. Memiliki sikap-sikap adaptif dan kritis terhadap
pengaruh negatif nilai-nilai budaya asing;
c. Memiliki semangat kompetisi yang tinggi dengan
meningkatkan motivasi, etos kerja, dan
produktivitas demi membangunan bangsa dan
negara
d. Memiliki semangat berwiraswasta dan
kemandirian;
e. Tingkat partisipasi politic / political right
Pertanyaan
a. How complex is the local environment (the more
complex the problems, the greater the importance of
knowledge)?
b. From where (what sources, networks) do people
access information that they feel is valuable to their
livelihoods?
c. Which groups, if any, are excluded from accessing
these sources?
d. Does this exclusion affect the nature of information
available? (e.g. if women are excluded, then
knowledge of traditionally female production activities
may be limited.)
e. Are knowledge managers (e.g. teachers or core
members of knowledge networks) from a particular
social background that affects the type of knowledge
that exists in the community?
f. Is there a tradition of local innovation? Are
technologies in use from internal or external
sources?
g. Do people feel that they are particularly lacking in
certain types of information?
h. How aware are people of their rights and of the
policies, legislation and regulation that impact on their
livelihoods? If they do consider themselves to be
aware, how accurate is their understanding?
Natural / Environmental
Capital
Question:
1. Which groups have access to which types of natural
resources?
2. What is the nature of access rights (e.g. private
ownership, rental, common ownership, highly contested
access)? How secure are they? Can they be defended
against encroachment?
3. Is there evidence of significant conflict over resources?
4. How productive is the resource (issues of soil fertility,
structure, salinisation, value of different tree species,
etc.)? How has this been changing over time (e.g.
variation in yields)?
5. Is there existing knowledge that can help increase the
productivity of resources?
6. Is there much spatial variability in the quality of the
resource?
7. How is the resource affected by externalities? (For
example: the productive potential of different parts of
watersheds is affected by the activities of other users and
the way in which resource systems operate; the value of
fisheries depends upon the number of other users who
have access and the choices they make about their
catches; biodiversity is often damaged by intensive
agriculture.)
8. How versatile is the resource? Can it be used for multiple
purposes? (This can be important in cushioning users
against particular shocks.) Environmental economists
have invested considerable effort in trying to determine
overall values for natural assets that take into account:
direct use value (e.g. of land used for agricultural
production or of recreational areas);
9. indirect use value (e.g. biodiversity, erosion protection
and other ecological services); and
10. non-use value, or existence value (often calculated
on the basis of the amount people would be willing to pay
 to see the continued existence of a given resource, Bridging capital
regardless of whether they use it).
o Menggabungkan masyarakat
dengan kelompok sosial yang
Social Capital berbeda
Linking capital
how best to support groups (especially of the poor who may lack
time for group activities); what are appropriate indicators of
o Ikatan kelompok yang lemah dan
effective group functioning; and what is the relationship kurang berdaya dengan
between various types of government structure and ideology masyarakat yang lebih berdaya
and the density of social capital at the community level.
(powerfull people) missal bank
Bonding capital polisi dan dinas pertanian
o Yang mengikat masyarakat dalam satu
kelompok tertentu
o Mengenai organisasi tani atau kah kesatuan
masyarakat adat