EMMISSIONS STANDARDS

EMISSION
Emission Limits LIMITS FOR
for Light LIGHT(VEHICLES
Vehicles ( GVM)
3.5 tonnes 3.5 TONNES
under GVM )
UNDER UN REGULATION
UN Regulation 83/..2,AT
83/.. at Euro 3,EURO,
4, 5 & 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 LEVELS
6 levels

Limit Values (g/km)

Reference Mass of
mass hydrocarbons
Combined mass of total Mass of
Mass of carbon Mass of oxides of
[Total and Non- hydrocarbons and oxides (1)
(RW) monoxide
methane]
nitrogen
of nitrogen particulates

(kg) (CO) (NOx) (PM)

(THC) (THC+NOx)
(NMHC)(6)
(5)
Category Class Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Diesel
(2)
M All 2.2 1.0 - - - - 0.5 0.7 0.08
Euro
(3)
2 N1 I RW 1250 2.2 1.0 - - - - 0.5 0.7 0.08

II 1250 < RW
4.0 1.25 - - - - 0.6 1.0 0.12
1700

III 1700 < RW 5.0 1.5 - - - - 0.7 1.2 0.17

(2)
M All 2.3 0.64 0.20 - 0.15 0.50 - 0.56 0.05
Euro
(3)
3 N1 I RW 1305 2.3 0.64 0.20 - 0.15 0.50 - 0.56 0.05

II 1305 < RW
4.17 0.80 0.25 - 0.18 0.65 - 0.72 0.07
1760

III 1760 < RW 5.22 0.95 0.29 - 0.21 0.78 - 0.86 0.10
(2)
M All 1.0 0.50 0.10 - 0.08 0.25 - 0.30 0.025
Euro
(3)
4 N1 I RW 1305 1.0 0.50 0.10 - 0.08 0.25 - 0.30 0.025

II 1305 < RW
1.81 0.63 0.13 - 0.10 0.33 - 0.39 0.04
1760

III 1760 < RW 2.27 0.74 0.16 - 0.11 0.39 - 0.46 0.06

M All 0.10
Euro 1.0 0.50 - 0.06 0.18 - 0.23 0.0045
(4) (0.068)
5
N1 I RW 1305 0.10
1.0 0.50 - 0.06 0.18 - 0.23 0.0045
(0.068)
II 1305 < RW 0.13
1760 1.81 0.63 - 0.075 0.235 - 0.295 0.0045
(0.09)

III 1760 < RW 0.16

2.27 0.74 - 0.082 0.28 - 0.35 0.0045
(0.108)

M All 0.10
Euro 1.0 0.50 - 0.06 0.08 - 0.17 0.0045
(4) (0.068)
6
N1 I RW 1305 0.10
1.0 0.50 - 0.06 0.08 - 0.17 0.0045
(0.068)
II 1305 < RW 0.13
1760 1.81 0.63 - 0.075 0.105 - 0.195 0.0045
(0.09)
III 1760 < RW 0.16
2.27 0.74 - 0.082 0.125 - 0.215 0.0045
(0.108)

(1) For compression ignition (diesel) engines only

(2) Except Category M vehicles of which the maximum mass exceeds 2,500 kg. For ADR79/00 (Euro 2) only, category M
vehicles with more than 6 seats are also covered by the N category
(3) And those Category M vehicles which are specified in note (2)
11
(4) A particle number standard of 6.0 x 10 particles/km will apply to diesel vehicles from Euro 5 onwards
(5) PM mass limits also apply from Euro 5 onwards to petrol vehicles with direct injection engines
(6) Separate NMHC limits only apply from Euro 5 onwards

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30

Australia: On-Road Vehicles and Engines
Australia Standards
Background
The development of emission standards for highway vehicles and engines is coordinated
by the National Transport Commission (NTC). The regulationsAustralian Design Rules
(ADR)are administered by the Department of Transport and Regional Services. Australian
emission standards for heavy vehicles are based on European regulations, with acceptance
of selected US and Japanese standards. The long term policy is to fully harmonize Australian
regulations with UN ECE standards. The emission standards apply to new vehicles including
petrol (gasoline) and Diesel cars, light omnibuses, heavy omnibuses, light goods vehicles,
medium goods vehicles and heavy goods vehicles, as well as to forward control passenger
vehicles and larger motor tricycles. They also cover off-road passenger vehicles (but not off-
road engines, such as those used in construction or agricultural machinery). The evolution
of vehicle emission standards in Australia occurred through a number of regulatory actions.
Some of the important steps can be summarized as follows:
Emission standards for petrol engined light vehicles commenced in the
early 1970s.
A smoke emission requirement (ADR30/00) was introduced in 1976 for vehicles with 4
or more wheels powered by a Diesel engine. The alternative smoke standards were US EPA
74 or later or British standards Performance of Diesel Engines for Road Vehicles BS AU
141a:1971 or ECE R 24/00, 24/01, 24/02 or 24/03 Diesel and Pollutants or, in the case
of an engine alone, ECE R 24/03.
The first emission standards (apart from smoke standards) for heavy Diesel fueled
vehicles became effective in 1995 for all new models and in 1996 for all existing models.
These emission standards were introduced via ADR70/00 (adopting ECE R49, US & Japanese
HDV standards). The requirements of the 1995/96 standards were:
Required: Euro 1 for both light-duty and heavy-duty (heavy goods) vehicles. Euro 2 and
3 were also accepted though not included in the regulation.
EMMISSIONS STANDARDS
Acceptable alternatives: US EPA 91 or 94 (EPA 98 was also accepted though
not included in the regulation); 1993 Japanese exhaust emission standards for light
duty and medium duty vehicles and 1994 Japanese exhaust emission standards for
passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles.
A second round of more stringent emission standards applied from 2002/2003 model
year (for new/existing models). The standardsinitially equivalent to Euro 2/3have
been gradually tightened to adopt Euro 4 for light-duty cars and trucks (diesel and
petrol), and Euro 5 for heavy-duty Diesel engines.
Emission Standards (2002/03 And Later)
The emission standards were introduced via two new series of ADRs, which apply to
vehicles depending on their gross vehicle mass (GVM):
ADR79/00, ADR79/01, and ADR79/02 for light-duty vehicles at or below 3.5 t
GVM (replacing ADR37/01)
ADR80/00, ADR80/01, ADR80/02, and ADR80/03 for heavy-duty vehicles above
3.5 t GVM (replacing ADR70/00)
The new ADRs apply to new vehicles fueled with petrol, Diesel, as well as with LPG
or natural gas, with an implementation schedule from 2002/3 to 2010/11. The
requirements are summarized in Table 1 (the requirements and dates for heavy LPG
and NG vehicles are the same as for diesel).
The two year date combinations shown in the table refer to the dates applicable to
new model vehicles and all model vehicles, respectively. For example, in the case of
02/03, this means that from 1 January 2002 any new model first produced with a date
of manufacture after 1 January 2002 must comply with the ADR, and from 1 January
2003 all new vehicles (regardless of the first production date for that particular
model) must comply.

Timetable for adoption of UN Regulation 83/.. standards in ADR79/..#:

Light Petrol, LPG and NG Vehicles Light Diesel Vehicles

Euro 2 adopted in ADR79/00 from 1/1/03 to 1/1/04 Euro 2 adopted in ADR79/00 from 1/1/02 to 1/1/03
Euro 3 adopted in ADR79/01 from 1/1/05 to 1/1/06 Euro 3 (never formally adopted)
Euro 4 adopted in ADR79/02 from 1/7/08 to 1/7/10 Euro 4 adopted in ADR79/01 from 1/1/06 to 1/1/07
Euro 5 adopted in ADR79/03 (Core Euro 5) from 1/11/13 Euro 5 adopted in ADR79/03 (Core Euro 5) from 1/11/13
and ADR79/04 (Full Euro 5) from 1/11/16 and ADR79/04 (Full Euro 5) from 1/11/16
Euro 6 to be adopted in ADR79/05 from 1/7/17 to 1/7/18 Euro 6 to be adopted in ADR79/05 from 1/7/17 to 1/7/18
ADR79/05 will be formally determined by the Minister when UN Regulation 83 has been amended to
incorporate the Euro 6 standards.

# in each case, the first date applies to vehicle models first produced on or after that date, with all new vehicles required
to comply by the second date.

The core Euro 5 requirements which apply in ADR79/03 require compliance with all the
technical requirements of UN Regulation 83/06 except that ADR79/03:

allows the provision of PM mass emissions data based on the previous UN R83/05 (Annex 4) Type I test procedure
(with a PM mass emissions limit of 0.005g/km) in lieu of data collected under the revised test procedure (Annex 4a of
UN R83/06) which specifies a limit of 0.0045g/km);
accepts a relaxed OBD threshold limit (80mg/km) for PM mass for M and N category vehicles of reference mass >1760kg;
does not require compliance with the PM number limit specified for diesel vehicles in UN R83/06;
does not require compliance with the In Use Performance Ratio for OBD systems in UN R83/06;
does not require the NOx monitoring for petrol vehicles specified in UN R83/06; and
only requires flex fuel vehicles to meet the Type VI test when tested on petrol (details of requirements for flex fuel
vehicles to meet the Type VI test under ADR79/04 and ADR79/05 at low temperature to be determined by 31 December 2011).

Euro 4 was first adopted for light diesel vehicles in ADR79/01, but was effectively replaced by ADR79/02 from 1/7/08.

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 EMMISSIONS STANDARDS

SUMMARY OF EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR

NEW PETROL PASSENGER CARS IN AUSTRALIA 1972-2018
SUMMARY OF EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW PETROL PASSENGER CARS IN AUSTRALIA
1972 - 2018

Standard Date Introduced # Exhaust Emission Limits (petrol vehicles) Source Standard /
Test Method
HC CO NOx PM

ADR26 1/1/72 NA 4.5% by vol NA NA Idle CO test

ADR27 1/1/74 8.0 - 12.8 g/test 100 - 220 g/test & NA NA ECE 'Big Bag'
4.5% by vol

ADR27A 1/7/76 2.1 g/km 24.2 g/km 1.9 g/km NA US '72 FTP

ADR27B 1/1/82 2.1 g/km 24.2 g/km 1.9 g/km NA US '72 FTP

ADR27C + 1/1/83 2.1 g/km 24.2 g/km 1.9 g/km NA US '72 FTP

ADR37/00 1/2/86 0.93 g/km 9.3 g/km 1.93 g/km NA US '75 FTP

ADR37/01 1/1/97 - 1/1/99 0.26 g/km 2.1 g/km 0.63 g/km NA US '75 FTP

ADR79/00 1/1/03 1/1/04 0.25*g/km 2.2 g/km 0.25* g/km NA UN R83/04 (Euro 2)

ADR79/01 1/1/05 1/1/06 0.2 g/km 2.3 g/km 0.15 g/km NA UN R83/05 (Euro 3)

ADR79/02 1/7/08 1/7/10 0.1 g/km 1.0 g/km 0.08 g/km NA UN R83/05 (Euro 4)

ADR79/03*2 1/11/13 0.1 g/km 1.0g/km 0.06 g/km 0.0045g/km*4 UN R83/06 (Euro 5)
(new models 0.068 g/km (NMHC)* 3

only)

ADR79/04 1/11/16 0.1 g/km 1.0g/km 0.06 g/km 0.0045g/km*4 UN R83/06 (Euro 5)
0.068 g/km (NMHC)* 3

ADR79/05 1/7/17 1/7/18 0.1 g/km 1.0g/km 0.06 g/km 0.0045g/km*4 UN R83/TBA (Euro 6)
0.068 g/km (NMHC)* 3

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32
 EMMISSIONS STANDARDS

# Where 2 dates specified, first date applies to vehicle models first produced on or after that date, with all new vehicles
required to comply by the second date.

+ ADR27C introduced a number of administrative changes, based on procedures of ADR37/00.

* ADR 79/00 has a combined HC+NOx limit of 0.5, so the HC:NOx split is indicative only.

*2 The core Euro 5 requirements which apply in ADR79/03 require compliance with all the technical requirements of UN
Regulation 83/06 except that ADR79/03:
allows the provision of PM mass emissions data based on the previous UN R83/05 (Annex 4) Type I test procedure
(with a PM mass emissions limit of 0.005g/km) in lieu of data collected under the revisedtest procedure (Annex 4a
of UN R83/06) which specifies a limit of 0.0045g/km);
accepts a relaxed OBD threshold limit (80mg/km) for PM mass for M and N category vehicles of reference mass >1760kg;
does not require compliance with the PM number limit specified for diesel vehicles in UN R83/06;
does not require compliance with the In Use Performance Ratio for OBD systems in UN R83/06;
does not require the NOx monitoring for petrol vehicles specified in UN R83/06; and
only requires flex fuel vehicles to meet the Type VI test when tested on petrol (details of requirements for flex fuel
vehicles to meet the Type VI test under ADR 79/04 and ADR 79/05 at low temperature to be determined by 31
December 2011.)

*3 Separate Non Methane Hydrocarbon (NMHC) limits only apply from Euro 5 onwards.

*4 PM mass limits apply from Euro 5 onwards to petrol vehicles with direct injection engines.

NA Means no limit applies.

To find the ADRs (except those prior to ADR79/00 which are now obsolete) on the Federal Register of
Legislative Instruments (FRLI) follow these steps:

1. Go to www.frli.gov.au
2. In the Browse for list, choose Legislative Instruments - As made - by title.
3. Wait for the alphabetical list to come up, scroll down to V and then click on Ve (for Vehicle). The ADRs will be
listed on the screen and you can open each of them individually to get the details.

ADR 79/05 will be formally determined by the Minister when UN Regulation 83 has been amended to incorporate the
Euro 6 standards.

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33