PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FERRITE

NANOPARTICLES

(Times New Roman, size 14)

SAMPATH KUMARA RANASINGHE

(Times New Roman, size 12)

MSc 2016

(Times New Roman, size 14)

GIS BASED ANALYSIS OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES

IN TRINCOMALEE DISTRICT

A PROJECT REPORT PRESENTED BY

SAMPATH KUMARA RANASINGHE

To the Board of Study in Earth Sciences of the

POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

In partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GIS AND REMOTE SENSING

of the

UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA

SRI LANKA

2017 (Times New Roman, size 12)

 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the work reported in this research project report was exclusively
carried out by me under the supervision of Mr. S. Sivanantharajah, Senior Superintendent of
Surveys Department of Sri Lanka and Dr. Jagath Gunatilake, Department of Geology,
University of Peradeniya. It describes the results of my own independent research except
where due reference has been made in the text. No part of this research project report has
been submitted earlier or concurrently for the same or any other degree.
(Times New Roman, size 12)

Date : .
Signature of the candidate

Certified by:

1. Supervisor: Mr. S. Sivanantharajah Date

Signature: ..

2. Supervisor : Dr. Jagath Gunatilake Date

Signature: ..

PGIS Stamp
 GIS BASED ANALYSIS OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
IN TRINCOMALEE DISTRICT
(Times New Roman, size 14)

S.K. Ranasinghe (Times New Roman, size 12)

Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
(Times New Roman, size 10)

This project report describe the method for estimating the geographical accessibility of
health facilities by population coverage, average travel time and distance to the closest
hospital. This analysis was applied to community units in the research area, allowing
geographical access to be linked to people. The study area was divided into hexagons of
equal size, and accessibility was measured from the centre of each hexagon. Despite the
abundance of evidence on the inadequacy of health services in Trincomalee District, this
study has given us a diverse dimension of possibilities. The study found that even with
existing health facilities, discontent about the unavailability of health services can be
mitigated in most areas. Exceptions are some peripheral areas, where average travel time to
reach the city centre and distance from hospital services is greater.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a collection of computer hardware, software and

geographic data used to analyses and display geographically referenced information. One of
the important areas that need to be addressed as a part of the urban management process is
health services. GIS can be effectively used as a tool for decision making in relation to
optimum and gainful utilization of available medical resources in urban areas.

The population in our country suffers from many diseases in spite of the various healthcare
programs. This is all because of lack of management of facilities, optimum route to the
hospital, slum area development and lack of knowledge about technologies.
(Times New Roman, size 12 Line spacing = 1)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHA
PTER Page
Declaration ii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
List of Appendices xi
List of Abbreviations xii

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 STUDY AREA 2
1.2.2 Population Size and Growth 3
1.2.3 Administration 3
1.2.4 Landuse 4
1.3 HEALTH SYSTEM 5
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT 7
1.5 OBJECTIVE 8
1.6 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 8
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 8

2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION 9
2.2 BACKGROUND OF GIS 9
2.3 USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO MAP DATA 12
2.4 BRINGING HEALTH DATA INTO GIS 12

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION 21
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 21
3.3 LITERATURE DEVELOPMENT 21
3.4 RESEARCH STRATEGY AND TECHNIQUES 22
3.5 CREATING DATABASE 23
3.5.1 Materials Used 25
3.5.2 Software Used 25
3.5.3 Population Identification 29
3.5.3.1 Description of existing services utilization 29
3.5.3.2 Outcome evaluation 30
3.5.3.3 Land cover 30
3.5.3.4 Road network 31
3.5.3.5 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 31
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 . 48
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2

5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONCLUSIONS
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

REFRENCES 64

APPENDICES
 LIST OF TABLES
Caption Page No.

Table 1.1 Total population, percentage increase and average annual rate
of growth, 1963 2007 3
Table 3.1 Land covers classifications 30
Table 3.2 Road classifications 31
Table 4.1 Population division wise with number of hospital 38
Table 4.2 Division wise land areas 38
Table 4.3 Type of hospital beds strength year wise 44
Table 4.4 Division wise population with children, adults and elders 45
Table 4.5 Hospital services 45
 LIST OF FIGURES
Caption Page No.

Figure 1.1 Location of Sri Lanka 1

Figure 1.2 Location of the study area Trincomalee District 2
Figure 2.1 An example of GIS data layers 13
Figure 2.2 Overview of interior health 15
Figure 2.3 Catchment boundaries 16
Figure 2.4 Catchment area 17
Figure 2.5 Hospitals coverage 17
Figure 2.6 Population coverage 18
Figure 3.1 Database structure 24
Figure 3.2 Flowchart G-HIS 24
Figure 3.3 Method of technique 25
Figure 3.4 Integrating GIS data 27
Figure 3.5 Service area examples 28
Figure 3.6 Padhavisiripura health coverage 32
Figure 3.7 Town and Gravets 33
Figure 3.8 Steps for measuring physical accessibility to health facilities 35
Figure 3.9 Repeating shapes 36
Figure 4.1 Population density map 40
Figure 4.2 Hospital location map 41
 LIST OF APPENDICES
Annex table 1 ..
Annex table 2
Annex table 3
Annex table 4

Annex table 1 ..

Annex table 2

Annex table 3

Annex table 4
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AH Ayurveda Hospital
AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Central Dispensaries/Primary Medical Care
CD/PMCU Unit
CD&MH Central Dispensaries & Maternity Homes
CSS Country Cooperation Strategy
DBH/BH District Base Hospital/Base Hospital
DBMS Database Management System
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DGH/GH District General Hospital/General Hospital
DH District Hospital
DS Divisional Secretaries
DS* District Secretary
DSD District Secretaries Division
FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee
GHIS Geographic Health Information System
GIS Geographic Information System
GN GramaNiladhari
GPS Global Positioning System
Ha Hectare
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HSMP Health Sector Master Plan
MGDs Millennium Development Goals
MOH Medical Officers of Health Divisions
PU Peripheral Unit
RDHS Regional Director of Health Services
RDMS Relational Database Management System
RH Rural Hospitals
WHO World Health Organization