Anda di halaman 1dari 23

LEARNER’S GUIDE

PROVIDE FIRST AID

Published by

HEART TRUST/NATIONAL TRAINING AGENCY

Produced by

Learning Management Services Department


Gordon Town Road
Kingston 7
Jamaica W.I.

This material is protected by copyright. Copying this material or any part of it by any means,
including digital or in any form is prohiibited unless prior written permission is obtained from
the HEART Trust/NTA

*** 2003***

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1

Welcome ................................................................................................................... 1
This Competency Unit.................................................................................................... 1
Before You Start ............................................................................................................. 2
Planning Your Learning Programme ............................................................................. 2
Self-Assessment Checklist ............................................................................................. 3
How To Use This Learner’s Guide ................................................................................ 4
Using the Computer and Other Resources..................................................................... 6
Method of Assessment.................................................................................................... 6

Element 1: Assess and respond to emergency first aid situations .................................. 7

Self-Assessment Checklist ........................................................................................... 10

Element 2: Provide appropriate treatment........................................................................ 11

Self-Assessment Checklist ........................................................................................... 15

Element 3: Monitor the situation......................................................................................... 16

Self-Assessment Checklist ........................................................................................... 18

Element 4: Prepare an incident report ............................................................................... 19

Self-Assessment Checklist ........................................................................................... 21

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

LG – THHGHS0172A
PROVIDE FIRST AID

INTRODUCTION

Welcome

Welcome to the Learner’s Guide for Unit of Competency “Provide First Aid”. This is
just one of a number of Learner’s Guides produced for the Commercial Food Preparation
Skills stream of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry, and it is designed to guide you, the
learner, through a series of learning processes and activities that will enable you to
achieve the specified learning outcomes for the competency unit.

The content of this guide was developed from the Competency Standard
THHGHS0172A, which is one of the basic building blocks for the National Vocational
Qualification of Jamaica (NVQ-J) certification within the industry. Please refer to your
Learner’s Handbook for a thorough explanation of standards and competencies, and how
these relate to the NVQ-J certification.

You are also advised to consult the Competency Standard and Assessment Instrument for
a better understanding of what is required to master the competency.

This Competency Unit

“Provide first aid” addresses the knowledge and skills required for effectively providing
first aid. The competency unit is comprised of the following elements:

Element 1: Assess and respond to emergency first aid situations

Element 2: Provide appropriate treatment

Element 3: Monitor the situation

Element 4: Prepare an incident report

As you go through each element, you will find critical information relating to each one.
You are advised to study them carefully so that you will be able to develop the necessary
knowledge, skills and attitudes for providing first aid.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 1


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

Before you start

Before you start this Learner’s Guide, you need to:

a. Obtain a Learner’s Logbook that will be used to record evidence of your new
skills/competence. As you demonstrate your new skills, record your activities and
have your learning facilitator sign off on them. This will allow you provide evidence
of your competence when you are being assessed against the competency standard.

b. Ensure that you have access to the facilities and equipment necessary for learning.

c. Ensure that your learning resources are available.

d. Know and observe the occupational health and safety standards/practices for the
industry. For example, ensure that you are wearing suitable clothing, that tools and
equipment are safe, and that the correct safety equipment is used.

e. Plan your learning programme (see below)

f. Understand how to use this Learner’s Guide (see below)

Planning your learning programme

The following self-assessment checklist will assist you in planning your learning
programme as it will help you to think about the knowledge and skills needed to
demonstrate competency in this unit. As you go through the checklist will be able to find
out what elements you have already mastered which ones you will need to pay more
attention to as you go through the learning process.

To complete the checklists simply read the statements and tick the ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ box.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 2


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

Self-Assessment Checklist
- Provide first aid

Element 1 Assess and respond to emergency first aid Yes No


situations

1. I can recognize emergency situations quickly and correctly ( ) ( )

2. I can assess the situation and make a decision promptly


regarding action required ( ) ( )

3. I can organize assistance for emergency


services/colleagues/customers where appropriate ( ) ( )

Element 2 Provide appropriate treatment Yes No

1. I can assess patient’s physical condition form visible vital


signs ( ) ( )

2. I can provide first aid to stabilize the patient’s physical and


mental condition in accordance with organization policy
on provision of first aid and recognize first aid procedures ( ) ( )

Element 3 Monitor the situation Yes No

1. I can identify and notify back up services appropriate to


the situation ( ) ( )

2. I can convey information on the victim’s condition


accurately and clearly to emergency services personnel ( ) ( )

Element 4 Prepare an incident report Yes No

1. I can document emergency situations according to


company procedures ( ) ( )

2. I can provide reports clear, accurate and timely ( ) ( )

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 3


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

If you ticked all or most of the ‘Yes’ boxes then you might not need to go through the
entire guide. Ask your learning facilitator to assist you in determining the most
appropriate action you should take.

If you ticked a few of the ‘Yes’ boxes or none at all then you should work through all of
the guide, even though some of the material may be familiar to you.

Plan your learning based on your answers. Be sure to involve your learning facilitator
in the planning process.

How to use this Learner’s Guide

This Learner’s Guide is designed to assist you in working and learning at your own pace.

We suggest that you:

• Go through the sections/elements as they are presented (starting at Section 1)

• Check your progress at each checkpoint to ensure that you have understood the
material

• Observe the icons and special graphics used throughout this guide to remind you of
what you have to do to enhance your learning. The icons and their meanings are as
follows:

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 4


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

Complete Assessment Exercise


This exercise requires you to think about the knowledge
and skills that you have or will develop in this
competency unit.

Definition Box
Words/phrases are defined or explained in this box. The
words/phrases being explained are in bold print.

Checkpoint
This denotes a brain teaser and is used to check your
understanding of the materials presented. No answers are
provided for the questions asked.

Activity
This denotes something for you to do either alone or with
the assistance of your learning facilitator.

Reference
Points you to the reference materials and other support
documents or resources used in compiling the unit content.

• Ask your learning facilitator for help if you have any problems with the interpretation
of the contents, the procedures, or the availability of resources

• Stop and complete each activity as you come to it. If the activity requires you to
perform an actual task, be sure to tell your learning facilitator when you get to that
activity so that he/she can make any arrangements

• Get your learning facilitator to sign and date the Learner Logbook when you have
completed an activity

• Read the summary and complete the self-assessment checklist at the end of each
section or element.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 5


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

When you have worked through all sections of the guide, complete the assessment
exercise at the end of the document. When you can tick every ‘Yes’ box, you are ready
for assessment and should ask your learning facilitator to assist you in making the
arrangement to have your performance assessed.

Using the Computer and Other Resources

Where your activities refer you to the library, computer and Internet resources, ask your
learning facilitator to assist you with locating these resources. If you are getting your
training in an institution, there may be a library and computer laboratory. If this is not
the case, visit the local library and find out what resources are available.

If you are new to the computer and the Internet, someone should be able to show you
how to use these resources.

Please note that in many of your activities you have been referred to information on the
Internet. This is because the Internet has a vast amount of information that can help you
in acquiring the particular competencies. We would like to advise you, however, that we
cannot guarantee that all the sites will be available when you need them. If this happens,
ask your learning facilitator to assist you with locating other sites that have the
information you require.

Method of Assessment

Competency will be assessed while you are actually performing the tasks related to this
competency, this may be in a real workplace or a simulated situation that accurately
relates to the work situation. You are advised to consult the associated competency
standard and assessment instrument for further details relating to the assessment
strategies.

You may now start your learning. Have fun while you work!

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 6


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ELEMENT 1: ASSESS AND RESPOND TO EMERGENCY FIRST AID


SITUATIONS

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through this element, you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary
knowledge, skills and attitude to assess and respond to emergency first aid situations.
Your learning facilitator is there to assist you through the various activities. Upon
completion you should be able to:

1. Quickly and correctly recognize emergency situations


2. Assess the situation and promptly make decisions regarding action required
3. Organize assistance from emergency services, colleagues or customers where
appropriate

RECOGNISING EMERGENCY SITUATION

First aid is generally given for three reasons:


First Aid – this may be defined as • To preserve life
emergency treatment given to a • To prevent the condition getting worse
person who has suffered an injury
• To promote recovery
or illness before medical or surgical
care is available

An emergency - is a It is sometimes difficult to ascertain which emergencies


condition that calls for are serious and which are not. However a condition, such
immediate action. as severe bleeding, failure to breathe, poisoning,
extensive burns, or broken bones should be recognized as
an emergency and should be cared for at once.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 7


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

Refer to: Ward Brian,(1987), First Aid, Franklin Watts Inc.


• Drehl Harold, et al (1995), Health and Safety For You, Mcgraw – Hill Inc
• A Guide to Family Health (1993), The Stanborough Press Ltd.
For more on recognizing emergency situations.

CHECKPOINT
List 5 situations each of which could be referred to as an emergency
requiring first aid.

ASSESS THE SITUATION, AND MAKE DECISION REGARDING ACTIONS

The person giving first aid should be completely trained and should remain calm and
unhurried. The first aider needs to assess the situation and, unless the location of the
victim invites further injury, no attempt should be made to move or disturb the victim
until the extent of the injury has been determined. The following can be done for some
emergencies:

• Road accidents – instruct someone to direct traffic


• Fire – remove casualty to safety
• Fumes- turn off fumes and remove casualty to safety
• Electrocution – turn off current

In order to make the correct diagnosis the following should be considered:

• History – report by casualty or witness, on how the accident or injury occurred


• Symptoms – facts given by a conscious casualty about the accident or illness
• Signs – facts obtained by examining the casualty

Refer to: A Guide to Family Health, (1993). The Stanborough Press Ltd.,
(For more on recognizing emergency situations.)

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 8


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

CHECKPOINT
What are the three things you should consider in order to make an
accurate diagnosis?

ACTIVITY:

Ask your learning facilitator to get a resource personnel to


demonstrate to you, using a simulated environment, how to assess a
situation and make a decision as to the action required following the
demonstration you will be required to practise, taking note of
different situations that can be simulated. Make brief notes.

ORGANISING ASSISTANCE

When necessary, assistance from emergency services/colleagues and customers should be


organized. If these people are around, get them to assist and more importantly, send for
medical assistance. You should avoid crowding the victim.

Refer to: Ward Brian, (1987), First Aid, Franklin Watts Inc. (for more on
organizing assistance)

You should work in a timely and efficient manner

ACTIVITY:

Assuming you were at work and a colleague fell ill. Based on the symptoms,
you realize this colleague has had a cardio-vascular failure. Outline steps you
would take to arrange assistance from colleagues or emergency personnel.
This will be assessed by your learning facilitator.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 9


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?

Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the
components by doing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I can quickly and correctly recognize emergency


situations ( ) ( )

2. I understand the importance of assessing the situation


and promptly making decisions regarding required ( ) ( )
action

3. I understand how to arrange for assistance from


emergency services/colleagues and customers ( ) ( )

Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Emergency situations are quickly and correctly


recognized ( ) ( )

2. The situation is assessed and a decision promptly made


regarding action required ( ) ( )

3. Assistance from emergency services/colleagues/


customers is organized where appropriate ( ) ( )

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 10


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ELEMENT 2: PROVIDE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT

LEARNING OUTCOME:

As you go through this element, you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary
knowledge, skills and attitude to provide appropriate treatment. Your learning facilitator
is there to assist you through the various activities. Upon completion you should be able
to:

1. Assess patient’s condition for visible vital signs


2. Provide first aid to stabilize the patient’s physical and mental condition in
accordance with organization policy on provision of first aid and recognized first
aid procedures

ASSESSING THE PATIENT’S PHYSICAL CONDITION

There are some treatment priorities that should be used especially if the patient is
unconscious. These may be referred to as the A,B,C principles.

• A - for airway : Ensure the victim’s airway is clean, allowing air to reach the
lungs
• B - for breathing : Check for breathing. If the patient is not breathing, mouth –
to – mouth resuscitation should be administered immediately to restore
breathing
• C - for circulation of blood : Check that the victims heart is beating. If the
patient’s heart has stopped, you must begin external heart compression
immediately.

You should try to control the loss of blood in a case where the victim is bleeding. You
might also have to treat the victim for shock.

Refer to: Ward Brian, (1987), First Aid, Franklin Watts Inc. (for the
procedures or steps in assessing visible vital signs.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 11


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

CHECKPOINT
• What is meant by mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and when is
it necessary?
• What is external heart compression and when is it usually
administered?

• You should remain calm while providing first aid


• Ensure first aid is provided in a hygienic manner
• Be attentive

ACTIVITY:

Using a model, ask learning facilitator or resource personnel to


demonstrate to you how mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and external
heart compression are done. Following the demonstration you will be
required to practise giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and external
heart compression to patients. Your learning facilitator and /or
resource person should be on hand to assist you and make corrections
as necessary

PROVIDING FIRST AID

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 12


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

There are several situations in which first aid has to be provided to stabilize the patient’s
physical or mental condition. These situations include cases of; bleeding, shock,
fractures, burns, sprains, poisoning, electric shock, unconsciousness, convulsions,
drowning, suffocation, choking, asthma attack, and diabetic attack.

The first aid provider is responsible for assisting the patient until the relevant medical
personnel arrives. He therefore needs to have knowledge of correct first aid procedures to
treat each illness/sickness.

Refer to: Ward Brian, (1987), First Aid, Franklin Watts Inc.
• Drehl Harold, Lampe John, Laton Anita, Oviatt Charles, Vaughn Franklin,
(1995), Health and Safety For You, Mcgraw – Hill Inc
• A Guide to Family Health,(1993), The Stanborough Press Ltd. (for more on
recognizing emergency situations you can read these references and discuss each
procedure with your peers).

CHECKPOINT
• What is Heimlich manoeuvre and when is it usually used?
• What is the recovery position?

ACTIVITY 1:

Ask learning facilitator to demonstrate to you the first aid procedures


for different types of emergencies. Following the demonstration you
will be required to practise treating individuals who have suffered
from severe burns, accidental poisoning, choking, bleeding, or
epileptic seizure. Your learning facilitator/resource personnel will
provide assistance as is necessary

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 13


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ACTIVITY 2:

Ask learning facilitator/resource person to demonstrate to you how


patients should be placed in the recovery position. You will be
required to practise placing individuals in this position.

Remember to:
• Provide first aid in a timely and efficient manner
• Follow established procedures when providing first aid
• Provide first aid in a hygienic manner

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 14


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?

Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the
components by doing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I understand how to assess the patient’s condition for


visible vital signs ( ) ( )

2. I understand the importance of providing first aid to


stabilize the patient’s physical and mental condition ( ) ( )

3. I know how to provide first aid in accordance with


organization policy on provision of first aid and ( ) ( )
recognized first aid procedures

Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Patient’s condition is assessed for visible vital signs


( ) ( )

2. First aid is provided to stabilize the patient’s physical


and mental condition ( ) ( )

3. First aid is provided in accordance with organization


policy on provision of first aid and recognized first aid
procedures ( ) ( )

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 15


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ELEMENT 3: MONITOR THE SITUATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary
knowledge, skills and attitude to monitor the situation. Your facilitator/trainer is there to
assist you through the various activities. Upon completion you should be able to:

1. Identify and notify back- up services appropriate to the situation


2. Accurately and clearly convey information on the victim’s condition to
emergency service personnel

BACK - UP SERVICES

When there is an injury or emergency, back- up services appropriate to the situation


should be identified and notified:

• Telephone the emergency services, using a special number or go through the


operator.
• Give the person instructions on how to reach the site of the emergency
• Don’t hang up until after the person answering the emergency call has done so in
case there are more questions to be answered

Refer to: Ward Brian, (1987), First Aid, Franklin Watts Inc. (for more on
identifying and notifying emergency services).

CHECKPOINT
Why is it important to follow established procedures when
identifying and notifying emergency personnel?

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 16


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ACTIVITY:

After doing further reading on notifying emergency services, you will be


required to work in a simulated environment and notify the relevant
personnel about an emergency, which has occurred. Different situations
should be simulated, for example cases of poison, broken bones, burns,
drowning, and epilepsy. This exercise will be assessed by your learning
facilitator, and you can do this exercise in groups.

• Work in an efficient manner


• Follow established procedures

CONVEYING INFORMATION ON VICTIM’S CONDITION

• Information on the victim’s condition should be accurately and clearly conveyed


to the emergency services personnel
• Give a clear picture, and make sure that the emergency services know exactly
what to expect when they arrive at the scene of the illness or accident, so they
will bring proper equipment
• Give information on the victim’s condition and what you have done so far to
assist the victim.

Refer to: Ward Brian, (1987). First Aid, Franklin Watts Inc.
• .A Guide to Family Health,(1993). The Stanborough Press Ltd. (for more on
conveying information on victim’s condition).

ACTIVITY:

Working in groups you will be required to do a simulation of a situation in


which a colleague has suffered an epileptic seizure. You will demonstrate
how you would provide first aid services to this individual, notify
emergency personnel and convey information on the victim’s condition to
the emergency service personnel. This will be assessed by your learning
facilitator or resource personnel.

Remember to:
• Follow safety procedures when providing first aid
• Ensure accuracy and clarity when relaying information to emergency personnel

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 17


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?

Now that you have completed this element see if you have fully grasped all the
components by doing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I can identify and notify back- up services appropriate to the


situation ( ) ( )

2. I know how to clearly convey information on the victim’s


situation to emergency services personnel ( ) ( )

Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Back- up services appropriate to the situation are identified


and notified ( ) ( )

2. Information on the victim’s condition is accurately and


clearly conveyed to the emergency service personnel ( ) ( )

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 18


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ELEMENT 4: PREPARE AN INCIDENT REPORT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

As you go through this element you need to ensure that you acquire the necessary
knowledge, skills and attitude to prepare an incident report. Your learning facilitator is
there to assist you through the various activities. Upon completion you should be able to:

1. Document emergency situations according to company procedures


2. Ensure reports provided are clear, accurate and timely

DOCUMENTING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Emergency situations should be recorded, based on the policy of the company.


Documentation is necessary for several reasons, for example for compiling statistics on
the safety of the workplace environment. These documents may also be consulted to
ascertain the number of work related emergencies, and plan corrective measures.

CHECKPOINT
List 2 reasons why emergency situations should be documented

ACTIVITY:

Discuss the documentation of emergency situations with your


learning facilitator, following which you will be required to
document an emergency situation which occurred at your workplace,
for example an employee getting burnt or getting an electric shock at
the workplace.

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 19


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

PROVIDING CLEAR, ACCURATE AND TIMELY REPORT

Incident reports prepared after an emergency should be clear, accurate and timely. These
reports should tell what happened and the language should be easily read and understood.
The information provided on the documentation should be accurate and free from bias.
All emergencies should be documented in a timely manner, as soon as possible after the
incident.

CHECKPOINT
Why should reports be clear, accurate and timely? Prepare a report
after rendering a first aid emergency

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 20


LG – THHGHS0172A PROVIDE FIRST AID

ARE YOU READY TO PROVE YOUR COMPETENCY?

Now that you have completed this element, see if you have fully grasped all the
components by doing the following Self-Assessment:

Checklist 1 Yes No

1. I understand how to document emergency situations


according to company procedures ( ) ( )

2. I understand the importance of providing clear,


accurate, and timely reports ( ) ( )

Checklist 2 Yes No

1. Emergency procedures are documented according to


company procedures ( ) ( )

2. Reports provided are clear, accurate and timely


( ) ( )

Version 1 LRDU – MAY. 03 21

Anda mungkin juga menyukai