In this chapter the refinement of the locomotor skills of running and jumping is
discussed. Because refinement of walking is not a problem for most children and
because the information provided in chapter 8 is sufficient for aiding the refinement
of walking, this fundamental skill is not discussed in the chapter. For each of the two
skills discussed mechanical principles are presented which are important to refining
the skill. Developtimal analysis checklist for each skill are provided.
There are many principles which bare in some way on running performance. Only
the most pertinent ones were selected in order to help increase the readers under
standing of efficient running patterns. these principles are stated and explained
below.
Principle: effects of momentum- momentum is the product of mass and velocity. Any
increase in either component will result in increase momentum. The greater the
momentum, the greater the resistance to change in direction or velocity.
Explanation : in running, if the speed of the runner is increased, the runner will
prosess more momentum. The more momentum achieved, the harder it will be for
the runner to change direction. This is why the unning time for the suttle run is so
much greater than the running time for the dash. When the runner that a change in
direction must be made, top speed can not be attiened. If it is, change in direction is
difficult due to a top a build-up of momentum.
Explanation: the greater the momentum obtained by the thrust of the arms and legs
during each stride, the faster the runner will be able to run. Careful attention should
be given to the forward movements of the arms and legs. The limbs should be
thrust forwardin the line of direction in an attempt to increase the momentum. Any
movement in a direction will serve to decrease momentum. Because longer
segment increase speed, the hands should be extended, not clenched. However,
the elbows must be flexed to increase speed of movement through the join.