LATIHAN TITIAN CEMERLANG

CHAPTER 2 : FORCE AND MOTION

2 Diagram 2 shows a bag of cement of mass 35 kg on a ramp with 15 o slope to horizontal. Trg: Paper 2
Frictional force exerted between the bag and the ramp is 90.6 N.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sekampit simen di atas landas condong dengan kecondongan 15o
terhadap ufuk. Daya geseran yang bertindak di antara kampit dan landas condong itu ialah
90.6 N.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) What is meant by frictional force?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya geseran?
..................................................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the resultant force parallel to the ramp. [1 mark]
Hitungkan daya paduan selari dengan landas condong itu.

[2 marks]
(c) Based on your answer in (b), explain what happens to the motion of the bag of cement?
Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (b), terangkan apakah berlaku pada gerakan kampit
simen itu?
…………………………………………………………….…………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2 marks]

9 Diagram 9 shows a ball placed onto smooth incline plane at point P. The ball is rolling down Trg:Paper 2
over he incline plane caused by gravitational potential energy. Point Q and point R are at the
middle of the incline plane and at the ground respectively.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan sebiji bola diletakkan di atas satah condong yang licin di titik P. Bola
itu
bergolek turun di atas satah condong itu disebabkan oleh tenaga keupayaan graviti. Titik Q
dan titik R adalah masing-masing di tengah satah condong itu dan di tanah.

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 Diagram 9
Rajah 9

(a) What is meant by gravitational potential energy? [

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tenaga keupayaan kenyal? [1 mark]

(b) (i) Using Diagram 9, compare the height of the ball, the gravitational potential energy
of the ball, the velocity of the ball and the kinetic energy of the ball at point P and
point Q.
Deduce the relationship between the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential
energy of the rolling ball.
Menggunakan Rajah 9, bandingkan ketinggian bola itu, tenaga keupayaan kenyal
bola itu, halaju bola itu dan tenaga kinetik bola itu pada titik P dan titik Q.
Rumuskan hubungan di antara tenaga kinetik dengan tenaga keupayaan kenyal bola [5 marks]
yang bergolek itu.

(ii) Name the physical principle involved in (b)(i).

[1 marks]
Namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat dalam (b)(i).

(c) Explain what happens to the velocity of the ball when it reaches point R on the ground.
Terangkan apa yang terjadi kepapa halaju bola itu apabila ia sampai pada titik R di atas
[3 marks]
tanah.

(d) Based on the physical principle above, you are required to design a roller skate track.
Using appropriate physics concept, explain the design of the roller skate track so that it can
be used to oscillate skate board continuously.
Your answer should include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan prinsip fizik di atas, anda diminta untuk merekabentuk trek papan peluncur.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan rekabentuk trek papan peluncur yang
dapat digunakan supaya papan peluncur boleh berayun berterusan.
Jawapan anda hendaklah merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Shape of the track

Bentuk trek

(ii) Slope of the track

Kecondongan trek

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(iii) Surface of the track
Permukaan trek

(iv) Safety.
Keselamatan.
[10 marks]

7 Diagram 7 shows an electric motor lifting a 2.0 kg load. When the motor is switched Ked: paper 2
on, the load moved through a height of 1.5 m in 2.5 s with constant speed. The current
flowing in the circuit is 1.7 A and the potential difference across the motor is 10.0 V.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebuah motor elektrik sedang mengangkat satu beban 2.0 kg.
Apabila motor itu dihidupkan, beban itu bergerak melalui ketinggian 1.5 m dalam
2.5 s dengan laju malar. Arus yang mengalir dalam litar ialah 1.7 A dan beza
keupayaan merentasi motor itu ialah 10.0 V.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7
(a) State the changes in energy that occur when the motor is switched on.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku apabila motor itu dihidupkan.
………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate,
Hitung, [1 mark]
(i) the electrical power supplied when the motor is lifting the load.
kuasa elektrik yang dibekalkan semasa motor itu mengangkat beban.

(ii) the output power of the motor when the load moved through a height of
1.5 m in 2.5 s. [2 marks]
kuasa output motor apabila beban itu melalui ketinggian 1.5 m dalam 2.5 s.

(iii) the efficiency of the electric motor.

kecekapan motor itu. [2 marks]

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 (c) If some of the load is removed while the motor is still lifting the load, what
change is observed on the ammeter? Explain your answer. [2 marks]
Jika sebahagian daripada beban dikeluarkan semasa motor itu mengangkat
beban, apakah perubahan yang diperhatikan pada ammeter? Jelaskan jawapan
anda
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Suggest one way to increase the efficiency of the motor. [2 marks]
Cadangkan satu cara untuk menambah kecekapan motor itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

7 . Diagram 7 shows a spring. Kel: Paper 2

Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu spring.

Diagram 7
Rajah 7
(a) When a load is attached to the spring ;
Apabila satu beban dilekatkan pada spring ;

(i) What happen to the length of the spring?

Apakah yang berlaku pada panjang spring?
……………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the energy stored in the spring?
Apakah tenaga yang tersimpan dalam spring?
……………………………………………………………………………... [ 1 mark]

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 (iii) If the number of load is increased, what will happen to the energy in 7 a(ii)?
Jika bilangan beban ditambah, apakah yang akan berlaku kepada tenaga di 7 a(ii)?
…………………………………………………………………………..…. [ 1 mark]

(b) The initial length of a spring is 15 cm. When a load with mass 300g is attached to the
spring, the length of the spring is 21 cm.
Panjang asal spring adalah 15 cm. Apabila beban berjisim 300g dilekatkan pada spring.
panjang spring adalah 21 cm.
What is the length of the spring if a load with mass 500g is attached to the spring?
Berapakah panjang spring jika beban berjisim 500g dilekatkan pada spring?

[ 3 marks]

(c) The spring in Diagram 7 is not suitable to be used as a spring cradle.

Suggest modifications to be done based on the characteristics given below.

Spring dalam Rajah 7 tidak sesuai digunakan untuk spring buaian.
Cadangkan pengubahsuaian-pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan
ciri-ciri yang diberi di bawah.
(i) Arrangement of the springs
Susunan spring
…………………………………………………..………………………… [1 mark]

(ii) Reason
Sebab [1 mark]
……………………………………………………………………………...
(iii) Stiffness of the spring
Kekerasan spring
……………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark]
(iv) Reason
Sebab
……………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark]

8 Diagram 8 shows the graph of force against extension for three springs P, Q and R. Ked :Paper 2
Rajah 8 menunjukkan graf daya melawan pemanjangan bagi tiga spring P, Q dan R.

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 Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

(a) (i) A law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the
force applied if the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.
Name this law.
Suatu hukum menyatakan bahawa pemanjangan seutas spring adalah
berkadar terus dengan daya yang dikenakan jika had kenyal tidak dilebihi.
Nyatakan hukum ini.
…...................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) On the graph in Diagram 8, mark ' X ' at the elastic limit for each spring.
Pada graf dalam Rajah 8, tandakan ' X ' pada had kenyal setiap spring. [2 marks]

(b) The spring stores energy when it is extended.

Spring itu menyimpan tenaga apabila diregang.

(i) Name the energy stored in the spring when it is extended.

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Namakan tenaga yang disimpan dalam spring yang diregang.
…...................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the energy stored in spring R when its extension is 8.0 cm.
Hitung tenaga yang disimpan dalam spring R apabila pemanjangannya
8.0 cm.

[3 marks]

(c) The springs are to be used in a Newton balance to measure a maximum load of
mass 8 kg.
Spring-spring tersebut akan digunakan di dalam neraca Newton untuk mengukur
beban maksimum berjisim 8 kg.

(i) What is the maximum weight of the load?

Berapakah berat maksimum beban itu?
…...................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) Based on Diagram 8, choose two springs which are suitable to be used in the
Newton balance specified above.
Berdasarkan Rajah 8, pilih dua spring yang sesuai untuk digunakan di
dalam neraca Newton tersebut di atas.
…...................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(iii) Which spring is the most suitable to be used in the Newton balance? Explain
your answer.
Spring yang manakah paling sesuai untuk digunakan di dalam neraca
Newton itu. Terangkan jawapan anda.
…......................................................................................................................
…...................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

9 Diagram 9.1 shows a stationary pistol on a smooth surface.

Diagram 9.2 shows the pistol and bullet after the pistol has been fired by remote KED:
control. Paper 2
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan sebuah pistol pegun di atas permukaan licin.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan pistol dan peluru selepas tembakan dilepaskan secara
kawalan
jauh.

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 Diagram 9.1 / Rajah 9.1
Diagram 9.2 / Rajah 9.2

(a) (i) What is the meaning of momentum?

Apakah maksud dengan momentum?
[1 mark]
(ii) State the total momentum of the pistol and bullet in Diagram 9.1
Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the total momentum before
and after the bullet is fired.
Using Diagram 9.2, compare the magnitude and direction of the momentum
of the bullet and pistol.
Name the physics principle that can be applied to the motion of the bullet
and pistol.
Menggunakan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan jumlah momentum
sebelum dan selepas peluru itu ditembak.
Menggunakan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan magnitud dan arah momentum peluru
dan pistol.
Nyatakan prinsip fizik yang boleh diaplikasi kepada gerakan peluru dan
pistol itu.
[5 marks]
(b) Describe, in terms of momentum, the propulsion of a rocket engine.
Terangkan, dalam sebutan momentum, rejangan sebuah enjin roket.
[4 marks]

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a the structure of a jet engine for a small jet plane.

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Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan struktur sebuah enjin jet bagi sebuah kapal terbang jet
yang kecil.

Diagram 9.3 / Rajah 9.3

You are required to give some suggestions to improve the design of the jet engine
so that it can be used on a larger jet plane that travels at a higher speed.
Using the knowledge on forces and motion and the properties of materials, explain
the suggestions based on the aspects labeled on Diagram 9.3
Anda dikehendaki memberi beberapa cadangan untuk membaiki reka bentuk enjin
jet itu supaya enjin jet itu boleh digunakan pada sebuah kapal terbang jet yang
lebih besar dan bergerak lebih laju.
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang gerakan, daya dan sifat-sifat bahan
terangkan cadangan itu yang merangkumi aspek-aspek yang dilabel pada Rajah 9.3.
[10 marks]

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 ANSWERS

Trg: (a) 1 Force that oppose acted force forward.

Paper 2 (b) 11
No.2 F = Acted force - Frictional force
= W CosӨ – Fr
= 350 Cos 75o – 90.6 // 350 Sin 15o - 90.6
=0N
(c) 11
Stationary.
Balanced forces // Forces in equilibrium // Acted force
equal to frictional force.
Trg: (a) Energy caused by position from ground..
Pape (b)(i) The height of the ball at P > at Q
r2 Gravitational potential energy of the ball at P > at Q
No.9 The velocity of the ball at Q > at P
The Kinetic energy at Q > at P.
The Kinetic energy increases as the gravitational
potential energy decreases.
(ii) Principle of conservation of energy.
(c) Velocity increases
Kinetic energy maximum / increases
Based on the principle of conservation of energy,
gravitational potential energy is zero because changed
to maximum kinetic energy.
(d) Semi circular curve shaped
Exchange between kinetic energy and gravitational
potential energy easily.
Increasing / decreasing slope slightly
Easily oscillates caused by changing of energy.
Smooth surface
Easily to moves // Reduce frictional force.
Soft layer at the surface
Reduce impulsive force when landing / accident.
Strong material // concrete of foundation of the track.
Withstand to the high force caused by jumping and
landing.
Ked: 7(a) State the energy changes correctly
paper 2 - electrical energy to (gravitational) potential energy
No.7 (b) (i) Correct substitution
- 1.7 x 10
Correct answer and correct unit
- 17 W
(ii) Correct substitution

2 x 10 x 1.5
2.5

Correct answer with correct unit

- 12 W
(iii) Correct substitution 1

10
 12
x100%
17
Correct answer with correct unit
- 70.6 %
(c) State the change on the ammeter correctly
- ammeter reading decreases
Give explanation correctly 1
- less work done // less power required
(d) Give one suggestion correctly
- lubricate the moving parts to reduce friction

Kel: 7(a) (i) Length increases/ longer

Paper 2 (ii) Elastic potential energy
No.7 (iii) Increase
(b) Extension ( 21-15 ) cm= 6 cm
300g-------6 cm
100g-------2 cm
500g--------2 x 5 = 10 cm
Length of spring = 15 + 10 = 25 cm

(c) (i) Parallel

(ii) Load is shared equally among the spring / can support higher load
(iii) Stiffer/harder
(iv) Spring constant is higher/greater/bigger /. Not easily broken / able to
support higher weight

Ked: 8(a) (i) Name the law correctly 1

Pape - Hooke’s Law
r2 (ii) Mark a cross on each line correctly
No. 8 - All correct (2 marks)
- 1 or 2 correct (1 mark)
(b) (i) State the energy correctly
- Elastic potential energy
(ii) Determine the force correctly
- From the graph, F = 60 N
Correct substitution
- ½ (60)(8)// ½ (60)(0.08)

Correct answer with correct unit

- 240 N cm // 2.4 J // 2.4 N m
(c) (i) State the maximum weight correctly
- 80 N
(ii) Name the two springs correctly 1 + 1
- Spring P
- Spring Q
(iii) Give the choice correctly
- Spring Q
Give the explanation correctly
- More sensitive//smaller force constant
KED: (i)- Product of mass and velocity / /momentum = mass x velocity 1
Paper 2 (ii) State the total momentum in Diagram 9.1 correctly
No. 9 - Zero
Compare the total momentum correctly
- Total momentum before the bullet is fired = total momentum
after the bullet is fired.

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Compare the magnitude of the momentum of the bullet and
pistol correctly
- Equal

Compare the direction of the momentum of the bullet and

pistol correctly
- Opposite

Name the physics principle correctly

- Principle of Conservation of Momentum

(b) Describe the propulsion of a rocket engine correctly

- Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen/fuel is pump into the
combustion chamber for combustion
- The exhaust gas is ejected out of the rocket nozzle at high speed.
- The ejected exhaust gas at high speed has a large momentum.
- According to the Principle of Conservation of Momentum, the
rocket acquires a large momentum forward

(c) State aspect of blade correctly 1

- Using bigger blades/increase the number of blades/increase the
speed of blade
State reason for aspect of forces and motion correctly
- Increase the air intake
State aspect of material of blade correctly
- Blade made of strong material
State reason for aspect of material of blade correctly
- Can withstand strong pressure/it will not break easily

State aspect of fuel injector correctly

- Increase the number of fuel injectors//
add more fuel injectors
State reason for aspect of fuel injector correctly
- More fuel to be burnt to produce greater thrust

State aspect of combustion chamber correctly

- Increase the size of the combustion chamber
State reason for aspect of combustion chamber correctly
- More space for the fuel to be burnt
State aspect of nozzle correctly
- Decrease the diameter of the nozzle

State reason for aspect of nozzle correctly

- Exhaust gas ejected at higher velocity/higher momentum

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