WirelessComm F16 Exam 1 Name _______________________________

Student Number ___________________

ECE 5577 Wireless Communications

Exam #1
October 11, 2016

High scores: 84 (20, 83, 82, 80, 79 (3)

Average: 59.6
Rough grade ranges:
A 75+
A- 65-74
B+ 55-64
B 45-54

Here is the point breakdown per problem.

Problems 1-6 Multiple choice conceptual questions
Problems 7-11 Short problems
Problems 12-13 Rayleigh fading and Log-normal shadowing
Problems 14-15 Link budget and thermal noise
Problem 16-17 Level crossing rates and average fade durations

Answer the following multiple-choice questions with the BEST of the possible
answers.

1. (5 points) Which concept is LEAST closely related to diffraction?

(A) Dielectric constant

(B) Fresnel zones
(C) Shadowing
(D) Screens Answer __A__

2. (5 points) At which angle (relative to perpendicular) is all of the energy

reflected off a surface?

(A) 0
(B) 45
(C) 30
(D) 90 Answer __D__

3. (5 points) Coherence bandwidth is inversely proportional to which parameter?

(A) Pathloss exponent

(B) Boltzmanns constant
(C) Coherence time
(D) Delay spread Answer __D__
4. (5 points) For which concept is the power delay profile most closely related?

(A) Wideband channels

(B) Transmission
(C) Free space pathloss
(D) Signal-to-interference ratio Answer __A__

5. (5 points) Given are the following statements.

___F___ I. The pathloss exponent can be different than 2.0 in between the
transmitter and dBreak.
___T___ II. Energy coming upon an infinite plane surface will either be
reflected, transmitted, or a combination of the two.

A. Both are true. B. Only I is true.

C. Only II is true. D. None are true.
Answer __C__

6. (5 points) Given are the following statements.

___T___ I. EIRP is related to transmit power and transmit antenna gain.
___F___ II. Street canyons make the pathloss exponent very large.

A. Only I is true. B. Both are true.

C. Only II is true. D. None are true.
Answer __A__

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Short problems
'
7. (5 points) If the angle of direction of a receiving mobile is relative to the
(
transmitter and the Doppler shift is 50 Hz, what is the maximum Doppler shift?

1
= 0 cos = 0 cos = 0 = 50
4 2
567 = 50 2 = 70.7 H
If 30 Hz, 567 = 30 2 = 42.4 Hz

A. 35.4 Hz B. 70.7 Hz
C. 21.2 Hz D. None of the above

Answer __B__

8. (5 points) If noise power is 10:;( W and the signal power is 123 dBW, what
is the signal to noise ratio in dB?

10 log;> 10:;( = 140 dBW

= 123 (140) = 17 d
For signal power = -107 BW, SNR = 33 dB

A. -110 dBm B. 17 dB
C. 33 dB D. None of the above

Answer __B__

9. (5 points) A power delay profile is estimated to have the following tapped

delay line function. The weights of each impulse are the estimated power in
each signal.

= 1.0 10 + 0.7 16 + 0.3( 20 )

What is the RMS delay spread?

5 = 1.0 + 0.7 + 0.3 = 2.0
1.0 10 + 0.7 16 + 0.3 20
5 = = 13.6
2.0
1.0 102 + 0.7 162 + 0.3 202
N = 13.62 = 3.826
2.0

A. 2.00 B. 3.83
C. 13.60 D. None of the above

Answer __B__

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10. (5 points) A system based on the Friis equation starts with omnidirectional
transmit antennas and uses a transmit power of 1 W. This produces a
coverage area with a radius of 1500 m when there is a pathloss exponent of
3.8. If the transmit frequency were changed from 2.4 GHz to 60 GHz, what
would the transmit antenna gain need to become to maintain the same
received power at 1500 m? Assume everything else in the system remains
constant.

R RT P ;V
P 4 V W RT ;V
=1= = =
P > R RX P VV RX VV
4 V W
V

RT ; RT VV
= =1
RX V RX ;V
V
V V 60 V
RX = RT = 1 = 625
; 2.4

From 2.4 to 5.8 GHz, RX = 5.84

From 5.8 to 60 GHz, RX = 107

A. 5.84 B. 625
C. 107 D. None of the above

Answer __B__

11. (5 points) If signal power drops from -60 dBm to -90 dBm between a distance
of 100 m and 2000 m from a base station, what is the pathloss exponent?

= ; V = 60 (90) = 30
[> R R P V
:
P ; 10 ;> ] 4 V ;W V W 2000 W
= \> = 10 = = = = 20W
P V R R P V ; 100
10:;>
4 V VW
log 1000 = log 20W = log (20)
log 1000
= = 2.306
log 20

A. 1.500 B. 0.1353
C. 2.306 D. None of the above

Answer __C__

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Fading and Shadowing

12. (5 points) What would be the outage probability for a Rayleigh faded signal
with a fading margin of 3.5 dB? Assume fade margin is only concerned with
small-scale fading and ` = 1.4 dB.
].b
= 10 ;> = 2.239
1
Pr 5gW = 1 exp = 0.3602

A. 0.08076 B. 0.2485
C. 3.1610:( D. None of the above

Answer __D__

13. (5 points) What is the probability of being in a shadow if a fade margin is 8 dB

for a system with ` = 4 dB?

8
Pr L|no > q6Prs:tu6qs = = = = = 2.0 = 0.02275
4

A. 0.3085 B. 0.2500
C. 0.5000 D. None of the above

Answer __D__

5
14. (5 points) What is the noise temperature for the following scenario?

Pathloss oPs6w to = 65 dB
Pathloss exponent = 3.2
RX sensitivity = -99 dBm
Signal-to-noise ratio = 14 dB
Bandwidth = 250 kHz
RX Noise figure = 7 dB

Total noise = RX-sensitivity SNR = -199-14 = -113 dBm

Thermal Noise power = Total noise RX Noise figure = -113-7 = -120 dBm
Thermal noise in dBW = -150 dBW
Thermal noise = 10:;b W = >
10:;b
> = = 289.86
1.3810:V] 25010]

For bandwidth = 2.4 Mbps and RX-sensitivity = -89 dBm

10:;(
> = = 301.9
1.3810:V] 2.410[

A. 29010^3 K B. 302 K
C. 273 K D. None of the above
Answer __D__

15. (20 points) Given are the following system parameters.

These problems will be graded for partial credit, so work clearly and completely.

Transmitter power = 13 dBm

Omnidirectional receiver antenna
Transmitter antenna gain = 5 dB
Transmitter system losses = 2 dB
Fading margin = 6 dB
Pathloss before dBreak = 65 dB
dBreak = 100 m
distance = 1500 m
Signal-to-noise ratio 15 dB
RX Noise figure = 6.5 dB
Thermal noise power = -125.5 dBm
All other losses = 0 dB

What is the range on pathloss exponents that will meet these requirements?
Your answer cannot just be an answer, but must be presented as an
inequality.

6
TX
Transmitter power = 13 dBm
|} = 5 dB
TX system losses = 2 dB
TX: 13+5-2 = 16 dBm

Pathloss
Up to oPs6w =65 dB
oPs6w to = X dB
Fading margin = 6 dB
Total Pathloss = 65+X+6 = 71+X dB

RX
Thermal noise power = -125.5 dBm
RX Noise figure = 6.5 dB
Total noise = -125.5+6.5=-119 dBm
SNR 15 dB
RX sensitivity = -119+15=-104 dBm
~} = 0 dB
Total power required at the receiver+~} -104 dBm
Total power required at the receiver -104+0 dBm
Total power required at the receiver -104 dBm

TX-Pathloss=RX
16-(71+X) -104
49 dB
49 dB
n W
10 log;> 49
n
;b>>
10;> 49
;>>
(\

;> T ;b
4.166

if thermal noise power =-124.5 dBm

|} = 12 dBm
RX=-103 dBm
15 71 + 103
47 dB
(

;> T ;b
3.996

if thermal noise power =-123.5 dBm

|} = 11 dBm
RX=-102 dBm
14 71 + 102
45 dB
7
 (b

;> T ;b
3.826

Answer

A particular Rayleigh faded communication system is illustrated by the

performance plots below.

16. (5 points) What is the average number of bits that are lost in a fade for a
8 Mbps signal level is the r/rrms level threshold is of 0.05 and 567 (that is nu
max) is 40 Hz.

From right plot, (Average duration of fades)* =0.02

(Average duration of fades)=0.02/ =0.02/40=0.0005 sec.
Number of lost bits = 810[ 0.0005 = 4000 bits
>.>V
If 567 = 50, = 0.0004 sec., Number of lost bits = 810[ 0.0004 =

3200 bits
>.>V
If 567 = 20, = 0.001 sec., Number of lost bits = 810[ 0.001 =

8000 bits

Answer

17. (5 points) How often does a fade occur if each fade averages a loss of 2000
bits for a 50 Mbps signal? Assume all bits are lost in a fade and 567 (that is
nu max) is 100 Hz.
V>>>
Avg. duration of fade = = 410:b sec.
b>;>
(Average duration of fades)567 = 410:b 100 = 410:] = 0.004
P
This happens for = 0.01
P
At that level, (Level crossing rate)/ 567 = 0.025
so (Level crossing rate)= 0.025567 = 0.025100 = 2.5 Hz

1600 bits for a 40 Mbps signal also produces an average duration =

410:b sec., remainder of the calculation is the same

1200 bits for a 30 Mbps signal also produces an average duration =

410:b sec., remainder of the calculation is the same

Answer 2.5 Hz

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