Caraga State University

College of Engineering and Information Technology

Ampayon, Butuan City 8600

GE 105 Theory of Errors and Adjustments

TRIANGULATION
ADJUSTMENT
with CASIO fx-991 es plus Calculator Technique

Lecture 4

ENGR. BRODDETT B. ABATAYO, GE, REA

Part-time Lecturer GE division, CEIT, CSU, Ampayon, Butuan City
Research Assistant Phil-LiDAR 2 Project, CSU, Ampayon, Butuan City
Proprietor BPA ABATAYO Land Surveying Services
1
HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY

TRAVERSE

TRILATERATION (SIDE)

TRIANGULATION (ANGLE)
TRIANGULATION FIGURES

CHAIN OF TRIANGLES

CHAIN OF QUADRILATERALS

CHAIN OF POLYGONS
TRIANGULATION FIGURES

Chain of Triangles
 TRIANGULATION FIGURES

Chain of Quadrilaterals
 TRIANGULATION FIGURES

Chain of Polygons
TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT

CHAIN OF TRIANGLES
Step 1: STATION ADJUSTMENT
a. The sum of the angles about each station is equals to 360.

Step 2: FIGURE ADJUSTMENT

b. The sum of the interior angles of each triangle equals to 180.
TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT
1. Adjust the angles by station adjustment method.
2. Adjust the angles by figure adjustment method.

Measured Station Figure

Angle
L Value Adjustment Adjustment
A 3120024"
M N B 475940"
C 1371029"
D 570242"
G I E 1004025"
H K F 650620"
J G 2410513"
E H 665330"
D
F I 521020"
C J 2890030"
K 705930"
B
L 2804358"
A
M 271812"
N 515753"
TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT
1. Adjust the angles by station adjustment method.
2. Adjust the angles by figure adjustment method.

Measured Station Figure

Angle
L Value Adjustment Adjustment
A 3120024" 3120022"
M N
B 475940" 475938"
C 1371029" 1371030"
D 570242" 570243"
I E 1004025" 1004026"
G

H K F 650620" 650621"
J G 2410513" 2410212"
E H 665330" 665029"
D
F I 521020" 520719"
C J 2890030" 2890030"
K 705930" 705930"
B
L 2804358" 2804357"
A
M 271812" 271811"
N 515753" 515752"
TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT
1. Adjust the angles by station adjustment method.
2. Adjust the angles by figure adjustment method.

Measured Station Figure

Angle
L Value Adjustment Adjustment
A 3120024" 3120022"
M N
B 475940" 475938" 480048.67"
C 1371029" 1371030"
D 570242" 570243" 570241.33"
I E 1004025" 1004026" 1003827.33"
G

H K F 650620" 650621" 650731.67"

J G 2410513" 2410212"
E H 665330" 665029" 665139.67"
D
F I 521020" 520719" 520520.33"
C J 2890030" 2890030"
K 705930" 705930" 705928.33"
B
L 2804358" 2804357"
A
M 271812" 271811" 271612.33"
N 515753" 515752" 515750.33"
TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT
CHAIN OF QUADRILATERAL
A: ANGLE CONDITION
Step 1: STATION ADJUSTMENT
a. Sum of angles about each station is equal to 360.
Step 2: FIGURE ADJUSTMENT
a. Sum of interior angles equals to 360.
b. Opposite angles at the intersection of diagonals should be equal.
B: SIDE CONDITION
a. The sine of each angle should be proportional to the length of
the opposite side of that triangle.
TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT

1. Adjust the angles by simple adjustment method.

Angle Value
A B A 423836"
H C
B 645228"
C 403257"
D 315607"
E 620046"
G D F 452958"
F E G 333132"
H 385740"
 A B
H C

G D
F E

ANGLE CONDITION
Angle Value Figure Adjustment Figure Adjustment SIDE CONDITION
(Step 2 a) (Step 2 b)
A 423836"
B 645228"
C 403257"
D 315607"
E 620046"
F 452958"
G 333132"
H 385740"
 A B
H C

G D
F E

ANGLE CONDITION
Angle Value Figure Adjustment Figure Adjustment SIDE CONDITION
(Step 2 a) (Step 2 b)
A 423836" 423835.5"
B 645228" 645227.5"
C 403257" 403256.5"
D 315607" 315606.5"
E 620046" 620045.5"
F 452958" 452957.5"
G 333132" 333131.5"
H 385740" 385739.5"
 A B
H C

G D
F E

ANGLE CONDITION
Angle Value Figure Adjustment Figure Adjustment SIDE CONDITION
(Step 2 a) (Step 2 b)
A 423836" 423835.5" 423830.5"
B 645228" 645227.5" 645222.5"
C 403257" 403256.5" 403258.5"
D 315607" 315606.5" 315608.5"
E 620046" 620045.5" 620050.5"
F 452958" 452957.5" 453002.5"
G 333132" 333131.5" 333129.5"
H 385740" 385739.5" 385737.5"
 A B
H C

G D
F E

ANGLE CONDITION
Angle Value Figure Adjustment Figure Adjustment SIDE CONDITION
(Step 2 a) (Step 2 b)
A 423836" 423835.5" 423830.5" 423830.45"
B 645228" 645227.5" 645222.5" 645222.55"
C 403257" 403256.5" 403258.5" 403258.45"
D 315607" 315606.5" 315608.5" 315608.55"
E 620046" 620045.5" 620050.5" 620050.45"
F 452958" 452957.5" 453002.5" 453002.55"
G 333132" 333131.5" 333129.5" 333129.45"
H 385740" 385739.5" 385737.5" 385737.55"