R D Vib Ti Random Vibration: ANSYS Mechanical ANSYS Mechanical Dynamics

Chapter 5:
R d
Random Vibration
Vib ti
ANSYS Mechanical
Dynamics
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-1 July 2009

2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory #002666
Random Vibration Analysis
Random Vibration Analysis Training Manual
Topics covered:
Definition and purpose
Overview of Workbench capabilities
Procedure

A. Definition and Purpose Training Manual
What is random vibration analysis?

A spectrum analysis technique based on probability and statistics.
Meant for loads such as acceleration loads in a rocket launch that
produce different time histories during every launch .
Reference: Random vibrations in mechanical systems by Crandall & Mark

Definition and Purpose Training Manual
Transient analysis is not an option since the time history is not

deterministic (sample is not repeatable).
Instead, using statistics the sample time histories are converted to
Power Spectral Density function (PSD), a statistical representation of
the load time history.
Image from Random Vibrations Theory and Practice by Wirsching, Paez and Ortiz.

Power Spectral Density Training Manual
Sample time histories are converted to Power Spectral Density

function (PSD), a statistical representation of the load time history.
Image from Random Vibrations Theory and

Reference: Random vibrations in Practice by Wirsching, Paez and Ortiz.
mechanical systems by Crandall
& Mark

Statistical Representation Training Manual
A Random Vibration analysis computes the probability distribution of

different results, such as displacement or stress, due to some
random excitation
The analysis follows a modal analysis
An internal combination is done to compute the combined effect from

each mode and their interactions.
3
Gaussian
(normal)
Distribution

Power Spectral Density Training Manual
The Power Spectral Density is the

mean square value of the excitation
for a unit frequency band.
The
Th area underd a PSD curve is i
the variance of the response
(square of the standard
deviation).
)
The units used in PSD are mean
square/Hz (e.g. an acceleration
PSD will have units of G2/Hz).
The quantity represented by
PSD may be displacement,
velocity, acceleration, force, or
pressure.
pressure
Random Vibration curve by MIL-STD-202

Common Uses Training Manual
Commonly used for

Airborne electronics
Acoustic loading of Airframe parts
Jitter in alignment of optical
equipment
Relative deformation in large
mirrors
i

Random Vibration
Workbench Capabilities Training Manual
Input:
Natural frequencies and mode shapes from a modal analysis
Single or multiple PSD excitations applied to ground nodes
Output:
1 results can be contoured like any other analysis.
Response PSD at one DOF (one point in one direction)

Procedure:
Random Vibration

Random Vibration
Procedure Training Manual
Drop a Modal (ANSYS) system into the project schematic.

Random Vibration
Drop a Random Vibration system onto the Solution cell of the Modal
system.

Random Vibration
Create new geometry, or link to Edit the Model cell to bring up the
existing geometry. Mechanical application.

Random Vibration
Preprocessing Training Manual
Verify materials, connections, and mesh settings.

This was covered in Workbench Mechanical Intro.

Random Vibration
Add supports to the model.

Displacement constrains must have a magnitude of zero.

Random Vibration
Solution Settings Training Manual
Choose the number of modes to

extract.
If needed, upper and lower bounds
on frequency may be specified to
extract the modes within a specified
range.

Random Vibration
Postprocessing Training Manual
Review the modal results before

proceeding.

Random Vibration
Insert an Acceleration, Velocity, or Direction PSD base excitation.

Set the Boundary Condition, Load (Tabular) Data, and Direction.

Random Vibration
Insert Directional Deformation, Velocity, or Acceleration.

the direction and sigma value may be chosen here
note that results are always reviewed with scaling set to 0.0

Random Vibration
Stress (normal, shear, equivalent) and Strain (normal, shear) results

can also be reviewed.

Random Vibration
Response PSD can be plotted at one DOF (one point in one direction,
either absolute or relative to base excitation).

Workshop Random Vibration Training Manual
In workshop 5A, you will determine the displacements and stresses

in a girder assembly due to an acceleration PSD.
WS5A: Random Vibration (PSD) Analysis of a Girder Assembly


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Chapter 5:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-1 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-2 July 2009

What is random vibration analysis?

Reference: Random vibrations in mechanical systems by Crandall & Mark

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-3 July 2009

Transient analysis is not an option since the time history is not

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-4 July 2009

Sample time histories are converted to Power Spectral Density

Image from Random Vibrations Theory and

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-5 July 2009

A Random Vibration analysis computes the probability distribution of

The analysis follows a modal analysis

An internal combination is done to compute the combined effect from

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-6 July 2009

The Power Spectral Density is the

Random Vibration curve by MIL-STD-202

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-7 July 2009

Commonly used for

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-8 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-9 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-10 July 2009

Drop a Modal (ANSYS) system into the project schematic.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-11 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-12 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-13 July 2009

Verify materials, connections, and mesh settings.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-14 July 2009

Add supports to the model.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-15 July 2009

Choose the number of modes to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-16 July 2009

Review the modal results before

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-17 July 2009

Insert an Acceleration, Velocity, or Direction PSD base excitation.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-18 July 2009

Insert Directional Deformation, Velocity, or Acceleration.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-19 July 2009

Stress (normal, shear, equivalent) and Strain (normal, shear) results

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-20 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-21 July 2009

In workshop 5A, you will determine the displacements and stresses

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 5-22 July 2009

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