Water & wastewater

Ultrafiltration brings clean

water to Kabul hospital

Also:
Filter media
Recruitment
Food & beverage

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March/April 2017

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 Editorial 1
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

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Filtration+Separation A brief trawl through market research sites on the internet suggests that the world chocolate
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 14

Technology
focus

18

Water &
wastewater

Technology
news

Contents Technology focus

The RISE Series Melter 14
The NDC Spray Coating System Fabricating Co., Ltd offers hot melt
Cover story adhesive coating & spraying solutions and will be presenting the RISE
Series Melter at INDEX 2017.
Water & wastewater
Cover photography: Kabul city, Afghanistan. Image: picattos/ Porometric mesh: the pore is the key 16
Shutterstock A woven filter manufacturer has demonstrated the relationship
between inlet face velocity in three-dimensional high-performance
Editorial 1 woven metal mesh and distribution of pore velocities.

Alan Burrows previews some of the themes of Filtration+Separations

March/April edition and highlights some of the features.
Industry news
The latest business developments at GE Water, Suez, Freudenberg
Filtration, Mann+Hummel, Osmoflo, Hitachi Zosen and Bluewater Bio.
Technology news
New launches and latest developments including those from Eaton,
GKD, LuminUltra, Mesofilter and Nanostone Water.
Applications
Clean water for mums and babies at Kabul hospital 18
When a French non-profit organization wanted to open a new Mother
4 and Child Centre in Kabul, Afghanistan, it knew it would increase
demand for water in a city where 80% of the population lack access to
safe drinking water.
Chocoholics saved by new filtration system 20
A chocolate manufacturing facility in India discovered problems with
8 its liquid chocolate filtration system, so it turned to an international
manufacturer, which specializes in industrial filtration systems.

Filtration+Separation
 Contents 3

32 Recruitment

22 Filter media

26

Water &
wastewater Food &
42
beverage

Features Education is key for recruitment success 32

Russian air filter manufacturer eyes global markets 22
The CEO of Russian air filter manufacturer, Tion, is looking to establish
substantial export markets for its air purification systems by 2022.
Maximizing biomethane use in sewage plants 26
Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology has moved on over the last 15
years and many original wastewater AD facilities are now looking to
switch from producing electricity to biomethane.
First steps in the filtration industry 28
Like many, the filtration industry has its challenges in attracting the
right recruits. One new entrant to the industry, Alex Lowther, reviews his
experiences and impressions so far.
Filtration industry recruitment expert, Lisa Sprowls, explains how the
process works and discusses some of the challenges involved.
Bigeminal tank for FGD wastewater treatment 36
This article investigates the key role played by the bigeminal tank in the
flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment process for heavy metals
and the precipitation and removal of fine particles.
Tackling the impact of FOG in drainage systems 42
A European projects manager for an international water, energy and
maintenance solutions provider, considers the impact of a build-up of
fats, oil, grease (FOG) and organic waste and how facilities can tackle
blockages.

Dates to remember
28 31 March 2 5 April
Wasser Berlin International 2017, Berlin, Germany, http://www. 3rd International Conference on Desalination Using
wasser-berlin.de/en/ Membrane Technology (MEMDES), Gran Canaria, Spain,
www.desalinationusingmembrane.com
29 31 March
HVACR/PS Vietnam 2017, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, www. 11 13 April
hvacrseries.com/vietnam AFS Spring Conference, Louisville, KY, USA, www.afssociety.org

Filtration+Separation
4 Industry news
Suez and CDPQ to acquire
GE Water in 3.2bn deal
French utility Suez and Canadian
institutional investor Caisse de
dpt et placement du Qubec
(CDPQ) have entered into a
binding agreement to purchase
GE Water & Process Technologies
from General Electric Co for an
enterprise value of 3.2 billion.
With operations in 130 countries
and over 7500 employees, GE
Water generated approximately
US$2.1 billion in revenues in 2016.
Suez is forming a 70/30 joint
venture with CDPQ to acquire
100% of GE Water in an all cash
transaction. Suez will then
contribute its existing industrial
water activities to a new
self-standing Industrial Water
business unit. CDPQ is investing
more than US$700 million for its
30% stake.
Jean-Louis Chaussade, CEO of
Suez, said the acquisition of
GE Water will accelerate the
implementation of Suezs strategy
by strengthening its position in
the promising and fast-growing
industrial water market. I look
Mann+Hummel: Preliminary 2016
sales revenue of 3.5bn
The Mann+Hummel Group met its
forecast with preliminary sales
revenue of 3.5 billion in the 2016
financial year.
The Affinia Group, which was
acquired in May 2016, contributed
approximately 500 million to
Mann+Hummels sales revenue
last year.
In 2016 we made some important
strategic decisions. The successful
acquisition of the Affinia Filtration
Group and the restructuring of
important production locations in
Germany and Brazil will enable us
to further improve profitability in
the coming years. The fourth
quarter of 2016 was positive in
terms of sales revenue and
www.filtsep.com
forward to integrating GE Waters
highly skilled staff to our teams to
form an unparalleled industrial
water platform, said Chaussade.
Operating in a core industry, GE
Water has built a premier business
with recurring revenues and a
high-quality and diversified
customer base. This investment is
therefore highly aligned with
CDPQs long-term vision and its
strategy of increasing its emphasis
on stable assets anchored in the
real economy, alongside key
operators such as Suez, said
Michael Sabia, president and
CEO of CDPQ.
The deal is expected to close by
mid-2017 and is subject to receipt
of required regulatory approvals
and other customary closing
conditions.
Last year CDPQ partnered with
German investment company
SKion to acquire Ovivo Inc.
www.gewater.com
www.suez-environnement.fr
www.cdpq.com
earnings therefore we look forward
to the financial year of 2017 with
optimism and energy, said Alfred
Weber, president and CEO of
Mann+Hummel.
The filter manufacturers annual
financial statement will be released
in May 2017.
www.mann-hummel.com
Mann+Hummels Technology Centre
in Ludwigsburg, Germany.
Freudenberg invests in
US filter production
Freudenberg Filtration Technolo-
gies has added a state-of-the-art
cabin air filter production line to its
manufacturing facility in
Hopkinsville, Kentucky, USA.
The new high-speed edge band
converting line will increase the
facilitys output and ensure
product quality.
Freudenberg Filtration
Technologies says that the multi-
million dollar investment confirms
its commitment to the US
automotive market.
The filter company employs
more than 120 people at its
Hopkinsville location which
houses sales, development and
manufacturing.
www.freudenberg-filter.com
Parker Hannifin completes
US$4.3bn acquisition of Clarcor
Parker Hannifin Corp has sealed its
acquisition of filter maker Clarcor
Inc for approximately US$4.3 billion
in cash, including the assumption
of net debt.
Clarcor joins Parker Hannifins
Filtration Group adding proprietary
media, industrial and process
filtration products and technolo-
gies, as well as a broad portfolio
of replacement filters.
The acquisition also brings more
than one dozen Clarcor brands to
Parker Hannifin, including Clarcor,
Baldwin, Fuel Manager, PECOFacet,
Airguard, Altair, BHA, Clearcurrent,
Clark Filter, Hastings, United Air
Specialists, Keddeg and Purolator.
Parker Hannifin says that while it
has strong relationships with
original equipment manufacturers
and customers in international
markets, Clarcor contributes a solid
US presence especially for recurring
sales in the aftermarket.
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Freudenberg Filtration Technologies'
Dr Erek Speckert (left), Global VP of
Operations, and Barry Kellar, Global VP
of Automotive Filters at the opening
ceremony.
This is an exciting new journey as
we work together to build the next
generation of filtration, said Tom
Williams, chairman and CEO of
Parker Hannifin. Our enhanced
filtration presence is expected to
add resilience to our bottom line,
improve operating margins, and
enable us to meet long-term
growth goals, strengthening our
ability to achieve top quartile
financial performance.
The combination deeply expands
our ability to help make our world
cleaner and safer while equipping
our team members with new
opportunities to innovate and
grow, said Rob Malone, Parker
Hannifins Filtration Group
president. The acquisition also
offers significant operating
synergies from our combined
strengths to better serve our
customers.
www.parker.com
www.clarcor.com

Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Hitachi Zosen takes
majority stake in
Osmoflo
Japans Hitachi Zosen Corp has
acquired a majority shareholding
in Osmoflo Holdings Pty Ltd.
Founded in Australia in1991,
Osmoflo is a global desalination
and wastewater treatment
company. For the financial year
ended 30 June 2016, Osmoflo
had net sales of A$80.5 million.
Hitachi Zosen says that the
transaction will enable the
integration of Osmoflos
technology, especially reverse
osmosis, with its plant engineering
technology and experience in the
multi-stage flash method.
Under the agreement, Hitachi
Zosen acquired by cash
consideration 70% of the
outstanding shares of Osmoflo
Holdings Pty Ltd, held by Shine
Investments Pty Ltd and Shine
Valmet supplies white liquor
pressure disc filter to Japan
Valmet is to deliver a white liquor
pressure disc filter to Daio Paper Co
Ltds Mishima pulp mill in Japan.
The Valmet delivery includes a new
OptiDisc WL filter, pump piping,
valves, platforms, erection and
start-up services.
The OptiDisc WL filter produces
completely clear white liquor and
washes the lime mud. The very
high white liquor yield increases
upstream capacity and eliminates
the potential process disturbances
that increased amount of dregs,
and other non-process elements
Naamloos-1 1
Investments International Pty Ltd.
The remaining 30% of shares of
Osmoflo will continue to be held
by Marubeni Water Australia Pty
Ltd, a subsidiary of Marubeni
Group.
Osmoflo CEO Emmanuel Gayan
said: This is a fantastic moment for
Osmoflo, the point when we can
truly become a global business
with the ability to replicate around
the world our Australian successes
and to promote worldwide our
high-quality, competitive
differentiated offering. Desalination
and reuse capabilities and
experience of Osmoflos team are
first class and with the ability to
fully utilise these skills via the Hitz
network we expect significant
opportunities for growth.
www.hitachizosen.co.jp
www.osmoflo.com.au
(NPEs) in the white liquor, can
cause in the pulp cooking process.
The new filter is scheduled to start
up in September 2017.
www.valmet.com
Valmets OptiDisc WL filter.
For more business news,
subscribe to Filtration Industry Analyst.
Download a sample copy at www.filtrationindustryanalyst.com
Veolia Nuclear to provide water
treatment systems for Magnox
Veolia Nuclear Solutions, through
its subsidiary Kurion Inc, will deploy
effluent treatment systems at four
Magnox sites in the UK.
Under a new contract with Magnox
Ltd, Veolia Nuclear Solutions will
design, build and install the new
systems at four sites, enabling the
removal of contaminated waste
from active effluent water
treatment, ponds water filtration,
and cesium removal plants.
Veolia Nuclear Solutions will
provide Modular Active Effluent
Treatment Plants (MAETPs), similar
to those used to assist in the
response at Fukushima Daiichi, at
the Chapelcross, Hinkley Point A,
Oldbury and Dungeness A sites.
The technologies to be deployed
will use multiple water treatment
technologies to remove the
radioactive substances from the
effluent water before it is
discharged to the sea.
This Magnox project is scheduled
to run until 2020, with the delivery
Andritz rebuilds Stora Enso
sludge screw press
Andritz has completed the rebuild of
a sludge screw press at Stora Ensos
Anjala paper mill in Anjalankoski,
Finland. The turnkey upgrade of the
sludge screw press, which has been
out of operation for the past few years,
included dismantling the baskets and
shaft, rebuilding the baskets with new
screen plates, overhauling the
counter-pressure unit, supplying all
parts needed for the overhaul, as well
as erecting the unit.
www.andritz.com
Industry news 5
of the first two MAETP systems
scheduled for 2018.
The design phase of the contract
will be completed at Veolias
Richland, Washington offices, with
subsequent fabrication of the units
to be completed by UK-based firms
under the supervision of the
Veolia team.
By bringing to bear the
technology and operational know-
how from Fukushima, one of the
most significant environmental
challenges in recent memory,
Veolia Nuclear Solutions support
Magnox and allow for treated water
to be discharged under industry
best practices, said Bill Gallo, CEO
of Veolia Nuclear Solutions.
Magnox, owned by Cavendish
Fluor Partnership, is the
management and operations
contractor responsible for 12
nuclear sites and one hydroelectric
plant in the UK.
www.nuclearsolutions.veolia.com
www.magnoxsites.com
The sludge screw press at Stora Ensos
Anjala mill after the Andritz upgrade.
24-03-14 10:17:37
www.filtsep.com
6 Industry news
Bluewater Bios FilterClear removes
phosphorus for Severn Trent Water
Severn Trent Water, through its key
capital delivery partner Mott
MacDonald Bentley (MMB), has
selected Bluewater Bio Ltds
FilterClear technology for a tertiary
solids removal plant at Codsall
Sewage Treatment Works in
Staffordshire, UK.
Bluewater Bio will provide a fully
automated 4v2040 tertiary solids
removal plant capable of treating
up to 100 l/s of flow, to enable the
site to meet the new consent of 0.5
mg/l for phosphorus, under the
Water Framework Directive.
FilterClear is both a modular and
scalable process, treating flows
ranging from 2 l/s to in excess
of 1000 l/s.
Fergus Rooksby, commercial
director of Bluewater Bio, said: This
award allows us to showcase
FilterClear as an ideal option for a
chemical dosing approach to low
phosphate concentration consents.
We are seeing increasingly stringent
discharge consents coming into
Pentair purchases Denmark's
Union Engineering
Pentair plc has bought Union
Engineering A/S from Danish
private equity fund Capidea
and a number of minority
shareholders.
Headquartered in Fredericia,
Denmark, Union Engineering
specialises in sustainable
technologies for capturing,
recovering and purifying carbon
dioxide. The company employs
around 185 people, and has sales
offices in China, Brazil and the US.
Reducing carbon dioxide
emissions and utilizing renewable
energy sources are global
challenges which Pentair addresses
with its carbon dioxide capture
and reuse and biogas upgrading
solutions, and the addition of
Union Engineerings solutions and
services will provide customers
www.filtsep.com
force across the UK in AMP 6, with
many water companies needing to
implement enhanced P removal
across numerous sites. Its
modularity and excellent DfMA
credentials make it an attractive
solution to both tier one and end
users. We believe FilterClear is well
placed to capture a significant
proportion of these schemes.
www.bluewaterbio.com
www.yorkshirewater.com
Filter vessels from Bluewater Bio.
greater access to innovative
solutions and a wider and
complementary product portfolio,
said Daniel Stirpe, Pentair vice
president, Process Technologies.
Jens Thger Hansen, partner in
Capidea and former chairman of
Union Engineering, added: We are
pleased to have reached an
agreement with Pentair as the two
companies complement each
other well in a number of areas. We
believe that Union Engineering,
under Pentair, will continue the
positive development and have an
even stronger foundation in the
market for carbon dioxide equip-
ment for the benefit of both
customers and employees going
forward.
www.union.dk
www.pentair.com
AAF Flanders buys
Aire Filter Products
American Air Filter Co Inc (AAF
International) and its subsidiary
Flanders Corp are acquiring
Phoenix, Arizona-based Aire Filter
Products (AFP), one of the oldest
HVAC air filter service companies
in the USA.
AFP operates in the commercial,
government and education
markets with 106 employees and
nine offices in Arizona, California,
Idaho, New Mexico, Utah and
Washington. The family owned
company has served customers in
the western United States since
the mid-1950s. AFP has had a
long-standing relationship with
both AAF International and
Flanders as the combined
companys largest air filter
distributor.
The acquisition will allow AAF
Flanders to expand its air filtration
services across the western
United States.
AAF Flanders is an industry leader
and is steering their ship in the
direction we want to go, said
Branden Sparks, AFP president.
Donaldson sells 1000th
Downflo Evolution dust collector
Less than three years after
Donaldson Company Inc launched
the Torit Downflo Evolution dust
collector, a metal fabricator in
California has officially ordered the
1000th unit.
We set out to meet our customers
demands for effective filtration
with a lower cost of ownership,
said John Woolever, Market
Specialist Manager at Donaldson.
With advanced airflow
management, breakthrough
cleaning, and an innovative
new filter design, the Downflo
Evolution collector delivers better
air circulation, fewer filters,
and easier maintenance.
Our customers have loved the
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
So were very excited to align our
deep experience in the industry
with the AAF Flanders team.
Our new partnership with AFP will
allow AAF Flanders to continue to
build up our presence in the West,
said Philip Whitaker, AAF
Internationals CEO. AFP has been
serving customers for almost 60
years. Thats a terrific resource for
us to tap into, and were looking
forward to combining AFPs strong
distribution network with AAF
Flanders wide range of products.
AAF Flanders has had a long,
successful relationship with AFP, so
were thrilled about this
acquisition, added David Parker,
AAF Internationals vice president
of Commercial & Industrial Sales in
Western North America. Acquiring
AFP fits in well with our strategic
plan for the West Region, as we
continue to expand AAFs service
capabilities in the western United
States and work to get closer to
our customers.
www.aafintl.com
www.airefilterproducts.com
new design and have gotten
on board.
Donaldson says that the collectors
smaller footprint and reduced
energy consumption have helped
drive demand within the metal
fabrication, pharmaceutical,
mining, grain food, and bulk
powder handling industries.
Donaldsons Downflo Evolution
collectors are being installed at a
rate of approximately 450 per year
throughout the Americas, Asia
Pacific, Europe, Middle East and
North Africa regions.
www.donaldson.com
www.donaldsontorit.com

Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
GE provides ZeeLung and
ZeeWeed membranes for
Belgian WWTP upgrade
Belgian wastewater treatment
company Aquafin is upgrading the
Schilde Wastewater Treatment Plant
in Antwerp with GEs ZeeLung
membrane aerated biofilm reactor
(MABR) and ZeeWeed membrane
bioreactor (MBR) technologies.
The plant will be the first in Europe
to use GEs new ZeeLung MABR
technology.
GEs Water & Process Technologies
offers a hybrid system in which 50%
of the wastewater is treated by
ZeeWeed 500D MBR, and the
remaining flow of 8 million litres per
day is treated by a conventional
activated sludge system. Adding
ZeeLung MABR to the plant will
enable improved total nitrogen
removal in the conventional
activated sludge stream.
The Schilde plant was originally
designed for the treatment of 28 000
population equivalents,
but the actual load has gradually
increased to 35 000. In 2015,
biological treatment capacity was
increased by extending membrane
capacity of the MBR and installing
post-denitrification sand filters on
the effluent of the conventional
activated sludge system.
LiqTech and Grundfos Biobooster sign
framework agreement
LiqTech International Inc and
Grundfos Biobooster A/S have
entered into a framework
agreement for the delivery of
Silicon Carbide ceramic discs.
The agreement has a minimum
value of US$450 000 and an initial
term of two years. The ceramic discs
will be used in Grundfoss ultrafiltra-
tion (UF) systems for water re-use.
Sune Mathiesen, LiqTech CEO, said:
We are very pleased to sign this
framework agreement with
Grundfos. Grundfos has developed
a unique filtration technology
based on a rotating principle and
GEs ZeeLung provides low energy,
nutrient removal in a small footprint.
With the upgrade, the plant will
meet new total nitrogen removal
regulations within its existing
footprint.
Water & Process Technologies
hybrid solution of ZeeLung and
ZeeWeed was about meeting an
effluent specification within the
plants existing footprint. The Schilde
Wastewater Treatment Plant needed
to be upgraded to increase its
nutrient removal ability, and by
using ZeeLung, the plant will have
lower energy consumption, said
Kevin Cassidy, global leader,
engineered systems GEs Water &
Process Technologies.
www.gewater.com
we have worked closely together in
the development of a ceramic disc
to be used in a new product for
water re-use.
The rotating filtration technology
offers great advantages over
conventional technologies, and we
are convinced that the combination
of Grundfoss unique rotating
filtration technology and LiqTechs
durable and well proven Silicon
Carbide technology will prove to be
a success in several markets for
water re-use, added Mathiesen.
www.liqtech.com
www.grundfos.com
Ceco Environmental
CEO steps down
Ceco Environmental Corp CEO and
president Jeff Lang has left the
company.
Board member Dennis Sadlowski is
serving as interim CEO while a
search process is conducted to
identify a permanent CEO.
We want to thank Jeff for the
leadership and integrity he has
provided during his seven years at
Ceco Environmental. There has
been considerable progress made
in building Ceco for the future. Jeff
recognised that now is the best
time to find a new voice to lead
Ceco through its next growth
phase. On behalf of the board and
all Ceco employees, we wish Jeff all
the best in the next step of his
career, said Ceco Environmental
chairman Jason DeZwirek.
Sartorius Stedim Biotech opens
validation lab in Shanghai
Sartorius Stedim Biotech has
opened a new validation service
laboratory at its site in Shanghai
Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, China.
The new 370 sq m Shanghai
laboratory will validate Sartorius
Stedim Biotechs membrane filters.
Our Shanghai validation lab
provides high-quality services that
are fully compliant with applicable
GMP and GLP principles. At this
validation service lab, we now offer
comprehensive process validation
The opening of Sartorius Stedim Biotechs new validation service laboratory in Shanghai.
Industry news 7
Lang said: I am proud of the
progress that we have achieved at
Ceco over the past seven years and
I am most proud of the senior
business leaders that we have been
able to attract and develop. I know
Ceco is very well positioned for the
future through its quality leadership,
asset-light business model and
expanding recurring revenue and
global footprint. I look forward to
following the companys future
success in the years to come.
Sadlowski, 55, has held a number of
senior leadership roles including
CEO of Siemens Energy and
Automation, COO of LSG Sky Chefs,
and CEO of International Battery. He
also previously worked at General
Electric and Thomas & Betts.
www.cecoenviro.com
studies for the strongly growing
Chinese pharma market, said Dr
Jrg Lindenblatt, Sartorius Stedim
Biotechs senior vice president
of Sales for Bioprocess Solutions
in Asia.
The validation lab, together with
Sartorius Stedim Biotechs
Application Center in Shanghai,
provides a full range of extended
services to the biopharmaceutical
industry.
www.sartorius-stedim.com
www.filtsep.com
8 Technology news
Improved delivery times for
electromagnetic flowmeters
The traditional lead time of 6-8
weeks for an electromagnetic
flowmeter has been cut to 10
working days by manufacturers of
measurement and control systems
for liquids and gases, Brkert Fluid
Control Systems.
The company offers magmeter
technology with a range of options
depending on the application.
Known as the Type 8055, which
has a flange fitting and the Type
8054, which has a wafer fitting, the
magmeters can be specified with
a selection of insulating materials,
display options and levels of
ingress protection.
This range of magmeters can be
used on a series of pipe diameters
from 25 mm to 150 mm, and fitted
with polypropylene, ebonite or
PTFE linings. When combined with
Mobile filtration technology
for gas turbine applications
Industrial filtration company,
CLARCOR Industrial Air, has
launched its clearcurrent Mobile
Air Inlet System, designed to
simplify logistics in mobile gas
turbine applications.
Mobile power generation may be
required for emergency services
after a natural disaster; for a major
event; during a plant shutdown,
or because the amount of power
needed is relatively small and the
location is remote from the main
power grid.
Clarcor Industrial Airs filtration
technology provides high level
air inlet performance,
protecting gas
turbines in
the harshest of
environments.
Its clearcurrent
PRO inlet air
filtration solutions
are specifically
designed for power
generation applications.
www.filtsep.com
actuated valves, the magmeters
can control high-precision dosing
operations and flow measurement
in potable water treatment as
well as wastewater treatment
applications.
www.burkert.co.uk
Burkerts range of magmeters.
Its Mobile Air Inlet System solution
offers clearcurrent performance
with the additional features
necessary to make it work for
mobile applications.
Clarcors air inlet system for the
mobile power generation needs
of GE and other turbine OEMs is
manufactured from aluminium
and, as a turbine consumes a huge
amount of air, it is engineered
to optimize aerodynamic
performance. This makes the unit
very light and compact for the size
of gas turbine it protects.
www.clarcorindustrialair.com
Clarcors mobile filtration technology.
Anniversary video wins
Gold AVA Digital Award
Plastic netting manufacturer,
Conwed, has won the Gold AVA
Digital Award 2017, awarded by
the Association of Marketing and
Communication Professionals
(AMCP) for the companys 50th
anniversary video.
Conwed participated in the Motion
Graphics Company Overview
category, with a three-minute
video that takes the viewer through
the history of the company, its
highlights and its original approach
to product development.
The video entitled Celebrating
our Past, Engineering our Future,
portrays netting development at
Conwed in a lighthearted, amusing
Filter belt increases fertilizer
production efficiency
The VACUBELT 3354 type filter belt,
from technical mesh manufacturer,
GKD GEBR. KUFFERATH AG, has
been able to increase productivity
in fertilizer production because of
its reduced product penetration.
Potassium, nitrogen and
phosphorus are the three most
important macronutrients in
fertilizers. To cater for the increased
global demand for fertilizers,
producers are investing to
expand their production capacity
and modernise their existing
processing facilities.
For the dewatering of
phosphogypsum on vacuum belt
filters, many producers are using
a VACUBELT 3354 type filter belt
because it offers a longer service
life due to reduced product
penetration, especially in the seam
zone, and a high degree of lateral
stability, ensures more process
efficiency in the production of
fertilizers.
The VACUBELT 3354 is made
from polyester monofilaments
for the dewatering of their
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
way. The company says it wanted
to share its netting history since
1966 and showcase the companys
achievements through the last
five decades, in an upbeat,
entertaining way.
This year there were 2,500 entries
for the AVA Digital Awards, from
across the United States, Canada,
and 16 other countries.
To watch the full video, Celebrating our
Past, Engineering our Future, visit www.
conwedplastics.com/history
phosphogypsum slurry. With
a pore size of 150 m and an
air permeability of 200 cfm, it
ensures efficient dewatering, a
low tendency to clog, and good
cleaning properties. In addition.
because it is manufactured on
special, high-tech industrial looms,
the belt mesh has the required
stability to prevent wrinkling,
even in the case of extra-large
equipment dimensions. Even
belts more than 70 m long and
up to 4.5 m wide maintain the
requisite lateral stability to ensure
the necessary degree of process
reliability.
http://gkd.uk.com
The woven polyester VACUBELT filter
belt from GKD, which offers a longer
service life, ensures more process
efficiency in the production of fertilizers.
(image: FLSmidth)

Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
HMI workstations increase plant
safety and optimize productivity
Power management company,
Eaton, has expanded its range
of MTL GECMA HI workstations,
introducing two new products;
a Thin Client (TC) and Personal
Computer (PC) version to optimize
productivity and increase plant
safety.
The TC and PC versions
complement the existing MTL
GECMA Remote Terminal (RT)
which has an original modular
design. These new HMIs feature
technology which offers high
levels of safety, and are approved
to global hazardous certification
for Zone 1 environments and
offer safe handling on site and
guarantee high reliability in
hazardous EX zone areas in
chemical, pharmaceutical, refinery
plus the oil and gas industries
worldwide.
The TC version is designed for
virtualisation applications, such
as batch control. The workstation
works with a client server in the
safe room across a LAN. This saves
space in the cabinet as users dont
New 2018 trade show for
biomass heating systems
A new trade show dedicated to
biomass heating systems, the
Biomass Innovation Expo (BIE), will
make its debut in March 2018 in
Milan. The show will run alongside
MCE MOSTRA CONVEGNO
EXPOCOMFORT, the biennial
exhibition for residential and
industrial installations, HVAC and
renewable energies which will take
place from 13 16 March 2018 at
Fiera Milano.
The BIE focuses on heating systems
and thermal power production
through direct combustion of
wood pellets, wood chips and other
sources of dry biomass.
With two shows running at the
same time, there will be improved
visibility for a number of companies
Technology news 9
need a dedicated PC and can
control up to 255 HMIs from a
single server.
The PC version is a stand-alone
working across the LAN. The
workstation has a watch dog
function which automatically
monitors the operating system
and if there is no input from the
system it re-starts itself. This avoids
hard restarts and minimizes any
stress on the system for increased
reliability.
www.eaton.com
Centrifugal forces
are out there
and nobody masters it
more skilfully than we do.
Eatons MTL7317 GECMA workstation.
The principle of the centrifugal separation
was given by nature. However the perfecting
of this technique is embodied in our products.
Our success in this eld is being constantly
veried day in, day out by our separators
and decanters.
manufacturing biomass wood-
burning heating equipment and For contact details: gea.com/contact
systems that regularly exhibit
at MCE - MOSTRA CONVEGNO
EXPOCOMFORT. It also offers an
opportunity to meet face to face
with the key players from across the
sector, as well as 155,000 qualified
professionals in the sanitary and
HVAC&R industries, from nearly 141
countries around the world, that
every two years turn to MCE as the
international benchmark event.
GEA-GE-01-004
BIE - BIOMASS INNOVATION
EXPO 2018, will be in Hall 10
of Fiera Milano between
13 16 March 2018.
www.filtsep.com
10 Technology news
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Microbial monitoring support Online calculation tool for

with customer training courses
Canadian provider of microbial
monitoring solutions, LuminUltra, has
created the LuminUltra Academy, to
support its customers and partners
by explaining how microbial
monitoring can help them better
manage their water systems.
The Academy was developed by
the team at LuminUltra, which
specializes in providing fast and
simple ways to protect against
microbiological problems in water.
Access to this new, web-based
training and certification centre is
available to anyone with an interest
in learning more about how to
monitor and manage the risks posed
by microorganisms in water systems.
that the companys solutions
support. LuminUltra Academy
includes learning paths related to
microbiological control in drinking
water treatment, wastewater
treatment, oil and gas, fuels, cooling
towers, metalworking fluids, product
preservation and pulp and paper.
www.luminultra.com
oil & water separators
Beko Technologies has announced is also available showing the
the launch of its new online working of the products. Further
calculation tool for Owamat oil information is available via a
and water separators and Bekosplit brochure and a manual.
emulsion splitting plants.
www.beko-technologies.co.uk
The tool helps users to find the
optimal unit based on entering the
required information, for example
compressor capacity, type of
compressor and oil used.
The tool is easy to use and allows
users to select their information
by moving a sliding bar. From this
information the tool will make Beko Technologies new online
recommendations. A short video calculation tool.

The Academy provides on-demand The LuminUltra Academy supports its

training courses and downloadable
resources for each of the sectors
US groundwater treatment plant benefits from
air stripping to remove TCE from water supplies
A new groundwater treatment
plant in Cheyenne, Wyoming,
is using air stripping to remove
tricholorethene (TCE) from water
supplies.
The US Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE), Omaha District,
has funded the design and
construction of the treatment
plant to treat groundwater from
the citys Borie well field. This
vital groundwater supply was
contaminated with tricholorethene
(TCE) in the late 1960s at the
former F.E. Warren Atlas Missile
Site 4, several miles southwest and
up-gradient of the current Borie
well field production wells.
The new facility was designed,
constructed and placed into
long-term automatic operations
by Idaho-based firm McMillen,
LLC and it decided that the
most cost effective groundwater
treatment choice was low profile
air strippers. Air stripping is a
simple, reliable, and proven
technology for the removal of
TCE from water supplies.
customers and partners by explaining
how microbial monitoring can help
their water systems' management.
A total of four, 6-level tray QED
E-Z Tray Air Strippers were used,
each with a treatment capacity
of 1,000 gpm, to ensure that the
TCE treatment goal of less than
2 ppb could be reached without
pretreatment. In this case, the
E-Z Trays do not require off-gas
treatment or sequestering agents,
making the treatment process
fairly simple. The turbulent mixing
that occurs in the E-Z Tray units
creates a high air to water ratio
and large mass transfer surface
area resulting in highly efficient
contaminant removal.
www.qedenv.com
The new groundwater treatment plant
in Cheyenne, Wyoming.
New technology reduces
arsenic in drinking water
Mesofilter has certified the first drinking water pitcher to reduce arsenic
to NSF/ANSI 53.
US developer and manufacturer
of nanotechnology to filter heavy
metals in water, Mesofilter Inc., has
revealed that global public health
organization, NSF International has
certified the first drinking water
pitcher to reduce arsenic to NSF/
ANSI 53, an American National
Standard for drinking water
treatment units.
This certification verifies that
Mesofilters new product, the
NanoNose Water Purifier, filters the
water to reduce arsenic to below
the health advisory levels set by
the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and World Health
Organization (WHO). The water
filter technology also removes
toxic lead and mercury in water.
The companys current water filter
technology, for use in both home
and industries, removes arsenic,
lead, and mercury in water.
Its focus is on developing
next-generation nanotechnology
and products to ensure that
people around the world can
access safe and affordable
drinking water.
www.mesofilter.com

www.filtsep.com

Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Alternative filtration solution
for separating micro pollutants
Membrane filtration expert,
MICRODYN-NADIR, has created
a new membrane process for
separating micro pollutants.
Due to the high concentration
of microorganisms and the
contamination by antibiotics
coming from animal breeding,
hospitals and ambulant
applications, elimination of
micro pollutants in biologically
treated wastewater is increasingly
important.
At present, a combination of
powdered activated carbon and
subsequent sand filtration is mainly
used to eliminate micro pollutants.
Although this process can reduce
trace substances like drug residues
in the effluent of a wastewater
treatment plant, the sand filter
does not ensure complete
separation of activated carbon
particles.
With the new process, the
membrane filtration step takes
over the job of separating
(powdered) activated carbon,
micro plastics and (multi-resistant)
germs. This ensures compliance to
threshold values for drug residues
and other trace substances and
also ensures compliance to
expected concentration limits for
multi-resistant germs and micro
plastic in effluents of wastewater
treatment plants.
www.microdyn-nadir.de
MICRODYN NADIR's BIO-CEL module
at the Huenxe wastewater treatment
plant in Germany.
Technology news 11
US manufacturer announces new
generation of ceramic membrane
US manufacturer of ceramic Along with these certifications,
ultrafiltration membranes, the CM-151 process design is
Nanostone Water, has announced compatible with open-platform
the launch of its next generation ultrafiltration skid packages in the
membrane product, the CM-151. marketplace, which enables easier
adoption and retrofits.
End users of ceramic membranes
need simple, reliable and operator The new CM-151 is manufactured
friendly treatment options that at Nanostones newly expanded
are robust to influent variations facility in Germany where
and can withstand aggressive production is underway and the
cleaning. Nanostone Water has first CM-151 product shipments
significantly improved its product are planned for Q2 2017.
design and manufacturing process
since launching the CM-131 in www.nanostone.com
2015. The company says that the
improvements have enabled it to
bring the CM-151 to market with
20% more surface area and better
system economics, offering lower
total cost of ownership.
The CM-151 product is now
certified to NSF-61 standards and
the company anticipates NSF- Nanostone Waters membrane product,
419 certification later in 2017. the CM-151.
www.filtsep.com
12 Technology news
Remote access controller
unveiled at World Ag Expo
Yardney Water Management
Systems, Inc., launched its new
SynergyPlus+ remote access
controller at the World Ag Expo,
which took place in Tulare,
California in February.
Specialist in clean water solution
for irrigation and industrial
applications, Yardney, has
partnered with Hortau, a provider
of precision irrigation management
systems for agriculture, to help
bring data from its water filtration
systems into the cloud.
Yardney's SynergyPlus+ remote
access controller will allow users
to start and stop filtration systems
and backwash events and allow for
real-time system status updates.
Users will be able to adjust all
filtration settings and parameters,
Launch of submerged membrane module
German producer of filtration
systems in the water market, WTA
Vogtland GmbH, has developed
a new Submerged Membrane
Module.
The product was launched at the
beginning of 2017 and this second
generation of the submerged
membrane module for filtration
applications in water and waste
water is being named H2L, short
for HYBRID 2nd LEVEL.
As its name suggests, the H2L
combines the advantages of
two existing submerged module
concepts such as back wash ability
and high packing density (hollow
fibers), easy pre-treatment and
good hydraulic behaviour (flat-
sheet).
In addition, the multi-layer design
of the membrane pockets called
Safe Guard Technology, ensures a
safe rejection of bacteria and solids
even if the membrane layer suffers
damages. The product is especially
suitable for limited tank height
and areas.
www.filtsep.com
flush cycles, period, duration from
wherever they are.
Along with giving Yardney
customers access to real-time data
by mobile or computer, leveraging
Hortau's cloud-based platform,
users can also receive alerts and
alarm notifications by text or email
when key events take place. The
platform also allows for exporting
historical data logging for analysis
of water and energy conservation.
www.yardneyfilters.com
Yardney launched its new
SynergyPlus+ remote access
controller at the World Ag Expo.
The design concept of H2L is
modular built from the so called
USBs (Ultrafiltration Single Blocks)
which are available in different
sizes. Based on this concept, H2L
is available in 64 different standard
sizes ranging from 20 500 m2
membrane surface area.
www.wta-vogtland.de
The new Submerged Membrane
Module from WTA Vogtland GmbH.
Fully integrated platform allows
adoption of Quality by Design
International supplier for the
biopharmaceutical industry,
Sartorius Stedim Biotech (SSB),
has developed a fully integrated
technology platform to meet the
requirements of todays upstream
bioprocessing.
The platform allows customers
to adopt a Quality by Design
(QbD) approach in which they
build quality into their biological
products by combining the
power of high-throughput mini
Sartorius Stedim Biotech supports
mainstream adoption of QbD
principles by the biopharmaceutical
industry.
World Biogas Association and
ADBA to partner for Expo 2017
The World Biogas Association
(WBA) has agreed to partner with
the Anaerobic Digestion and
Bioresources Association (ADBA)
to showcase the global biogas
industry at ADBAs leading AD &
Biogas trade show.
The UK AD & Biogas and World
Biogas Expo 2017 will take place on
5 - 6 July at the NEC in Birmingham
in the UK. It will be the shows
seventh consecutive year as a
global trade show for the biogas
industry. Last year, the show was
attended by participants from over
50 countries.
The global biogas market is
estimated to be worth 1trillion
and energy security, climate
change and the UN Sustainable
Development Goals are driving the
need to rapidly increase the uptake
of biogas.
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
bioreactors with data analysis and
knowledge management tools.
This technology portfolio enables
design space characterization,
effective translation to the large-
scale and enhanced process
analytics.
The ICH Q8 (R2) Guidelines define
Quality by Design as a systematic
approach to development that
begins with predefined objectives
and emphasizes product
and process understanding
and process control. SSB is
supporting the mainstream
adoption of QbD principles by the
biopharmaceutical industry as part
of its Connect Upstream campaign
that brings together the ambr
250 high throughput or ambr
250 modular systems for defining
cell culture design spaces at the
laboratory-scale with the MFCS
SCADA system for data analysis
and knowledge management.
www.sartorius.com
Exhibitors throughout the
combined event will be
showcasing all the products and
services required to upgrade
biogas to biomethane for use
as a low-cost, low-carbon
transport fuel, as well as the
latest biomethane vehicles and
refuelling equipment.
www.adbioresources.org/
biogastradeshow
WBA and ADBA will partner for the
UK AD & Biogas and World Biogas
Expo 2017.

Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Japanese collaboration to
test SOx Scrubber system
Japanese companies Kawasaki Kisen
Kaisha, Ltd. ("K" Line), Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) and
Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd.
(MKK) have been undertaking test
operations aboard ship of a newly-
developed Hybrid SOx Scrubber
system, which has now achieved
certification.
The system removes sulfur oxides
(SOx) from the exhaust gas emitted
by marine diesel engines. The testing
results have now verified that the
system's effectiveness in curbing
emissions of air pollutants complies
with international regulations,
and the system has been officially
approved by the Republic of
Panama, the country where the test
ship is registered.
The test unit of the Hybrid SOx
Scrubber system is the first
Expansion of snap-in pleated bag filter line
Manufacturer of filtration systems
and parts, the Donaldson
Company, Inc., is now offering a
snap-in pleated bag filter for its
Torit RF Baghouse dust collector.
The Torit RF Baghouse dust
collector is widely used in grain
handling, mining, woodworking,
and other industries with large
Lenzing OptiFil
Automatic backwash
filtration
Scan it!
http://bit.ly/1RRXpkS
Lenzing Technik GmbH 4860 Lenzing, Austria Tel.: +43 (0) 7672 701-3479
Fax: +43 (0) 7672 918-3479 E-Mail: filter-tech@lenzing.com www.lenzing-technik.com
installation of a system jointly
developed by MHI and MKK
specifically for marine applications.
It is installed on "K" Line's DRIVE
GREEN HIGHWAY, the large-scale car
carrier with capacity for 7,500 units.
The system had been undergoing
verification testing ever since the
ship's delivery in February 2016 and
the test results mark the first time
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (Class NK) has
satisfied international guidelines for
exhaust gas cleaning systems.
www.mhi-global.com
The newly-developed Hybrid SOx
Scrubber System has now achieved
certification.
volumes of abrasive dust.
Combined with Donaldson's
Ultra-Web pleated filters, snap-in
installation can reduce labour and
downtime costs by up to 50%
compared with standard felt bags
and cages.
The snap-in option is already
available on the companys
Leading automatic filtration
Water
Technology news 13
Beverage filtration products
showcased at ENOMAQ 2017
Manufacturer of beverage growing auxiliary trade, grape
filtration products, Amazon Filters, processing machinery and
exhibited alongside one of its refrigeration.
main distributors Suminisitros
Multifiltra at the ENOMAQ David Keay, export sales manager
exhibition in February. for Amazon Filters, said that
the Amazon Filters team was
ENOMAQ 2017 was the 22nd very happy to be supporting
International Show of Winery, Suministros at the event and the
Bottling Machinery and company is becoming a major
Equipment which offers a platform supplier to this market sector for
to discover latest technologies, Amazon Filters in Spain.
current market trends, and
many other advances within the www.amazonfilters.com
industry.
Exhibitors showcased various
products and services such as
bottling machinery, auxiliary
equipment, tanks and other
containers, machinery for
wine treatment, oenological
products and laboratory material, One of the products exhibited by
conditioning, projects and wine Amazon Filters at ENOMAQ 2017.
Modular Baghouse, another Torit
dust collector model widely used
in these industries. Donaldsons
Ultra-Web pleated bag filters
combine Ultra-Web fine fibre
media and sturdy spun-bond
polyester substrate and the
technology traps dust on the
surface media, creating a longer
filter life and cleaner air.
Donaldsons Torit RF Baghouse
with pleated bag filter.
www.donaldson.com (Photo: Business Wire)
Patented regeneration system
Minimum losses and highest backwash efficiency
Filter fineness down to 1 m
Filtration of:
Chemicals High-viscosity fluids
www.filtsep.com
14 Technology focus
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

The RISE
Series Melter
he NDC Spray Coating System Fabricating Co., Ltd is a
T Chinese manufacturer of hot melt application systems in
the Asia-Pacific area. It offers hot melt adhesive coating &
spraying solutions and the company will be presenting the
RISE Series Melter at INDEX 2017.

NDC, which was founded in
1998, provides equipment for
the filtration and separation
industry including personal
care, medical and furniture
applications, building &
roofing materials, filtration
material, automotive interior
material, self-adhesive label
stock and multi-function
gluing. The company
specializes in hot metal
systems and gluing solutions.
The RISE Series Melter will be
the key equipment
presented by NDC at INDEX
2017, which takes place in
Geneva, Switzerland between
4 7 April.
The RISE Series Melter
provides full control and
operation for hot melt
machinery because it is
equipped with a user-friendly
Siemens PLC control system.
In addition, the melting tank
with cast in heating can
substantially reduce
carbonation.
The melter is equipped with
a large capacity and high
density filter, which helps to
improve the high degree of
precision required in filtration
applications and prolongs its
service life.
Finally, by facilitating a high
power electrical connector, the
RISE Series Melter greatly
improves the safety and
reliability of both the
connector and communication.
A variety of 4L, 10L, 18L, 25L,
50L, 100L, 200L, 400L tanks are
available, depending on
customer needs.
The RISE Series Melter has a
number of advantages
including its design, which
allows for optimum
performance and simplified
daily operation. It has an
open type structure and
controls which allow for
temperature setting, adhesive
volume, auto-tracking and an
alarm for over-heating. In
addition, there is a PT100
sensor, a coated Teflon inside
tank and a high precision
return valve.
www.ndccn.com

The NDC Rise

Series Melter will
be presented
at INDEX 2017
from 4 7 April.

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Filtration
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16 Technology focus
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Porometric mesh

Porometric mesh:
the pore is the key
n the framework of a comprehensive experimental study,
I the erosion behaviour of filter media for sand control
in well pipes was investigated. Using supplementary
CFD simulations, a woven filter media manufacturer
demonstrated the relationship between inlet face velocity
in three-dimensional high-performance woven metal mesh
and distribution of pore velocities.

Figure 1. Simulation of the Porometric mesh from GKD with sand particles. ( GKD)

The insights gained through
computer modelling; that
through higher volume
porosity of the deployed filter
media, the local flow
velocity in the mesh pore can
be reduced, provided the
impetus for filter manufac-
turer, GKD to develop a
completely new mesh filter:
Porometric mesh. The
outcome is a very open
three-dimensional mesh
construction that, while
maintaining a constant
volume flow rate, further
reduces local pore velocity
by up to 40%, with
throughput increasing
by a similar factor.
Properties like these
represent advantages for
efficient oil and gas
exploration.
A major factor for the profita-
bility of crude oil and gas
production is the ratio
between production rates
and well pipe life cycles.
Typical weak points are the
filter media deployed for sand
control in the pipes, because

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
the development of higher
local pore velocities is most
pronounced where the filter
mesh has the smallest open-
ings. As the inlet face velocity
increases, so does the
mechanical impact on the
surface of the filter media due
to the sand particles
contained in the fluid,
resulting in erosion through
material abrasion.
In the laboratory test, the
erosion behaviour of plain
dutch weave, twilled dutch
weave and KPZ mesh (reverse
twilled dutch weave), each
sample having a pore size of
150 m, was compared in
terms of pressure drop, mate-
rial loss and pore size. The
plain weave mesh was not
at all able to withstand the
mechanical strain, and the
twilled dutch weave failed,
at a specific erosion level of
0.63%, when sand began to
penetrate the screen. Only the
single-layer KPZ mesh held
out for the full duration of the
test, indicating a service life
cycle expectancy of five years
in the field. The reason for the
success of the KPZ mesh was
the higher volume porosity of
its specific construction, which
leads to a correspondingly
lower flow velocity.
Double the
permeability
On the basis of these findings
and the tried and tested
qualities of meshes from its
YMAX product family, GKD
used computer simulation
and design studies to
develop a new mesh weave
with significantly more
porosity and air permeability:
Porometric mesh. With a pore
size of 150 m, this new
mesh type achieves an air
permeability of 4,800 l/m2/s
at a pressure of 200 Pa. In
contrast, a plain weave with
the same pore size only
manages an air permeability
level of 2,500 l/m2/s at 200
Pa. In other words, at the
same volume flow rate, the
Figure 2. GKD used computer simulation and design studies to develop the new Porometric mesh with
significantly more porosity and air permeability. ( GKD)
significantly more open struc-
ture of the new mesh type
almost halves the local pore
velocity.
The secret of this perfor-
mance capacity is Poromet-
ric's original construction. Due
to its three-dimensional slot-
shaped structure with rectan-
gular pores, particles above
the required cut point are
quickly separated. At the
same filter fineness, according
to the manufacturer, Poromet-
ric's higher porosity gives it a
degree of permeability almost
twice as high as other
comparable mesh types. This
performance is also evident in
the comparison with other
filter screens available on the
market. In spite of its high
porosity of over 70%, this
three-dimensional mesh is
very stable. Its open structure
also offers advantages in
terms of weight.
For customers, the 30% lower
grammage means savings, as
the reduction in material
consumption is reflected in
lower production costs. Using
CFD simulations, GKD config-
ures the Porometric mesh to
match the specific operating
conditions of each individual
well. For example, in the case
Technology focus 17
of particularly abrasive oper- as the spacer upstream from
ating conditions, GKD uses the perforated plate.
abrasion-resistant materials
instead of the standard 1.4401 In the laboratory test, GKD
stainless steel in custom- demonstrated that, when
configured hybrid construc- Porometric is deployed as a
tions of Porometric mesh. filter media instead of plain
dutch weave mesh, the
drainage layer between the
One layer less filter screen and the perfo-
Due to the specific weaving rated plate can be dispensed
process, Porometric has a with, without in any way
ribbed structure which, in the compromising the permea-
specific case of deployment bility of the array. For custo-
in oil and gas exploration, mers, the cost saving which
yields an additional advan- results from dispensing with
tage. In the conventional the intermediate drainage
structure of the basepipe, layer is further convincing
four layers consisting of a proof of the high efficiency
drainage layer, the filter of Porometric mesh for sand
screen, a second drainage control in oil and gas
layer as a spacer, and, finally, exploration.
a perforated plate, Porometric
also takes over the function www.gkd.de
Porometric 150 Plain weave 150
Geometric pore size 150 m 150 m
Grammage 1.96 kg/m2 2.50 kg/m2
Mesh thickness 0,93 mm 0,74 mm
Air permeability 712 cfm/ft2 443 cfm/ft2
at 127 Pa
Air permeability 4,670 l/m2/s 2,980 l/m2/s
at 200 Pa
Porosity 73,5 % 58,0 %
Figure 3. GKD's high porosity Porometric mesh compares favourably to all
other plain dutch weaves. ( GKD)
www.filtsep.com
18 Application
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Water & wastewater

Clean water for

mums and babies
at Kabul hospital
n Kabul, Afghanistans capital, 80% of the population lack
I access to safe drinking water and 95% have no access
to good quality sanitation. So when a French non-profit
organization wanted to open a new Mother and Child
Centre there it knew it would increase demand for
drinking water. It turned to a global water technology
provider for help.

shortages will affect two-thirds of

humanity by 2025. Indeed, global water
demand is projected to increase by 55%
by 2050 and the United Nations forecast
that, by 2030, the world will require 30%
more water, 45% more energy and
50% more food.

The water issue is especially alarming in

Afghanistan, a geographically constrained
region not only affected by climate
change, but also by constant conflicts
which have led to a lack of water
infrastructure.

While Afghanistans main source of water

A doctor working with his young patient at the Mother and Child Centre.
In its mission to provide access to
healthcare and education, La Chane de
l'Espoir needed a partner to help them
with the provision of high-quality water to
newborns and their mothers at the new
Mother and Child Centre at the French
Medical Institute for Mothers and Children
of Kabul (IMFE). Since its inauguration in
autumn 2016, the centre has provided
Afghan women with access to high
quality gynecological, pre-natal and
obstetric care, as well as much needed
clean drinking water, in a country where
one woman dies every two hours from
complications in pregnancy or labour.
Water shortages
With increasing pollution, decreasing
supplies of reliable rainfall, growing
population and water demand, water
comes from the mountains, the natural
flow of the snow runoff slides down
from the mountains into neighboring
countries, such as Pakistan and Iran.
Indeed, only 30-35% of the water
stemming from Afghanistans mountains
remains in the country.
The climate of the region and lack of
infrastructures increase the problem, as
high temperatures melt the snow earlier
in the year and the lack of reservoirs
make it impossible to store the runoff.
All these factors have created a complex
situation for Afghanistan.

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

 Application 19
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Staff at the IMFE provide high quality care for mothers and children.

Meeting water needs
The extension of the French Medical
Institute for Mothers and Children of
Kabul was a challenge because the
opening of the new centre would
increase the hospital's need for drinking
from 70 to 150m3 per day. La Chane de
l'Espoir turned to Dow Water & Process
Solutions, specialists in sustainable water
separation and purification technologies,
and a business unit of The Dow Chemical
Company.
As part of its commitment to help
produce clean drinking water across the
world, Dow Water & Process Solutions
has developed an installation to provide
clean drinking water for the hospital. The
company's multi-technology treatment
system will meet the water needs of the
French Medical Institute for Mothers and
Children. We are extremely proud of how
our technologies are making a difference
in parts of the world where water
scarcity is a challenge in both peoples
daily lives and all types of businesses.
It is vital that we develop tools to treat
water and guarantee a more sustainable
future for everyone, said Alexander Lane,
commercial director EMEA of Dow Water
& Process Solutions.
IntegraPac IPD-51 ultrafiltration modules
used in the system are comprised of fibers
with 0.03-m pore size that efficiently
eliminate particles, viruses, and bacteria
from the water.
As the outside-in flow configuration
provides high tolerance to feed solids,
in this case there was no need for
pretreatment processes. Additional
advantages for the hospital are the
small footprint of the system due to its
compact design; the shorter, 60 inch
length of the modules that make it very
suitable for applications with constraints
in headspace; as well as the PVDF hollow
fibre membranes which are engineered
to reduce design and fabrication
requirements.
On the other hand, the AMBERLITE
PWA5 ion exchange resin treats nitrate
pollution, which is particularly important
for newborns. This kind of resin removes
nitrates preferentially to sulfates, and can
therefore yield a higher operating capacity
than conventional resins.
The new treatment system will allow the
hospital benefit from 12m3 per hour of
drinking water, complying with the World
Health Organization standards. Overall,
the treatment unit has been designed
to require minimum maintenance and
ensure maximum reliability, in an area
where access to maintenance products,
spare parts and technical support is
difficult. La Chane de lEspoir estimates
that its new facility will positively affect
250,000 people.
www.dow.com/en-us/
water-and-process-solutions

Eliminating bacteria
The autonomous unit, which has been
developed and deployed by the French
company ADH2OC and has the support
of Fonds Suez Initiatives (Suez fund
initiative), is based on ultrafiltration
technology and ion exchange resins. DOW La Chane de lEspoir estimates that its new facility will positively affect many people in the region.

www.filtsep.com
20 Application
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Food & beverage

Chocoholics
saved by new
filtration system
he Indian chocolate industry is valued at US$4.8 billion,
T so when a global chocolate manufacturing facility in India
discovered problems with its liquid chocolate filtration
system, it turned to an international manufacturer,
specializing in industrial filtration systems.

chocolate filtration system including the

use of a vibrating gravity screen.
The facilitys chocolate manufacturing
process includes filtering liquid chocolate
in an open environment before the
moulding stage.

Because the screen in use relied on the

force of gravity to flow the fluid through
the process, it had to be located on the
second floor of the plant, limiting the
configuration of the production line. This
flaw resulted in decreased productivity
and product quality, forcing the
company to look for a solution.

The Indian chocolate industry is valued at US$4.8 billion. (Image: mchebby)
Chocoholics around the world count on
chocolate manufacturers to keep up with
demand and consistently deliver sweet
treats. A chocolate manufacturing facility
in India is helping satisfy those cravings
while keeping up with one of the fastest
growing confectionary markets in the
world.
However, as demand and production
increased, the company discovered
several shortcomings in its liquid
Chocolate challenge
Chocolate must be filtered to ensure a
high-quality finished product free of
contaminants. In addition, there are varying
global standards for consistency that create
the need for a filtration system capable of
handling diverse raw materials.
Increasing productivity and quality by
improving flow rate, eliminating external
contaminant build-up and reducing
operating noise and maintenance time
were key to keeping up with increased
global demand for this popular confection.
Furthermore, ensuring the purity of the

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
finished product by avoiding exposure of
the warm liquid chocolate to the
atmosphere was important in the success
of this operation.
A pump flow rate of 5 m per hour paired
with a relatively high viscosity of the liquid
chocolate, 6000 8000 centipoise (cP), was
no match for the vibrating gravity screen.
The screens frequent clogging, low burst
strength, frequent bursting and
subsequent repair or replacement, resulted
in an excess of unplanned downtime.
The company sought recommendations
from Eaton, a global manufacturer whose
industrial filtration systems are used
successfully around the world in a number
of chocolate processing applications,
including harvesting, fermentation, shell
removal, grinding, pressing, deodorizing,
cooling and conching.
Eatons DCF self-cleaning filter continuously cleans
the screen without interrupting production.
Eatons series of mechanically cleaned filters work well with highly viscous, abrasive materials or liquids
with heavy amounts of particulate.
Self-cleaning solution
Eaton recommended a continuous,
enclosed filtration system that best
matched the customers operating process
and desired goals, which included
continuous operation and a high-quality
operating environment.
The DCF-800 performs a self-cleaning
action by mechanically scraping
collected debris from the filter screen
with a disc that travels up and down the
screen, parallel to the liquid flow. The
collection chamber at the bottom of the
filter automatically purges collected
debris without halting production in a
process that takes less than seven-tenths
of a second.
Because the DCF-800 continuously cleans
the screen without interrupting
production, it maintains a consistently high
flow rate and provides the highest quality
filtering of the selected media. Eatons
DCF-800 mechanically cleaned filter
provided several more benefits, including:
Increased burst strength of 150 psi
compared to 110 psi in the customers
former system
Improved plant working conditions
due to a quieter, enclosed system
More efficient use of space due to
filters compact design
Virtually maintenance-free operations
and less frequent replacement of parts
resulting from fewer moving parts
Application 21
"Higher ow rates
have led to reduced
contaminants."
Results
The replacement of the vibrating gravity
screen with Eatons DCF-800 mechanically
cleaned filter has made the filtration
process more efficient and enhanced the
quality of the end product. Higher flow
rates have resulted in increased
productivity and reduced contaminants.
The transition to the DCF-800 has also
translated into labour and material
savings. The low-maintenance
operation of the DCF-800 was a major
improvement for the customer as the
previous system required the system to
be shut down for frequent cleaning
and replacement.
The solution put in place by Eaton
allowed the customer to better
manage the process and reduce the
amount of labour required.
The continuously-running production
line and the purge valves open cycle
maximum of only seven-tenths of a
second has minimized product loss
and increased the bottom line.
The customer is so pleased with the
successful operation of the DCF-800
that additional units were ordered.
www.eaton.com/foodandbev
www.filtsep.com
22 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Filter media

Russian air filter

manufacturer eyes
global markets
he CEO of Russian air filter manufacturer Tion, has
T disclosed that by 2022, the company will have established
substantial export markets for its air purification systems,
specifically within China and Europe.

Moscows Sklifosovsky Insitute, Russia's leading medical centre is equipped with Tion filters

Speaking recently, Tion's CEO, Vladislav
Salimgareev, said that the company will
be primarily targeting wastewater
pumping stations and health
maintenance organizations. Over the past
decade, Tion has become the largest
Russian provider of air purification
solutions for health facilities, supplying
around 7,000 filter systems for 700
medical centres across the country,
including the most advanced facilities,
such as the Moscow Sklifosovsky Research
Institute of Emergency Medicine.
Small beginnings
Tion was established in 2006 by a small
group of young Siberian scientists with
very little capital or resources.
Salimgareev himself describes it as a
garage start-up, but from these
humble beginnings and the efforts of
those young scientists, Tion has grown
into a national group of companies
in Russia which still maintains the
spirit and energy of that original
young team.
One of the companys specialist areas is
developing original filtration equipment.
Salimgareev explains about this side of
the business: This equipment purifies air
from any type of contaminants with only
one pass. This allows us to supply our
equipment to a broad range of
industries, from medical centres, where
requirements for the quality of filtered
air are stringent, to wastewater pumping
stations, restaurants, even nuclear power
plants and ordinary houses.

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 Feature 23
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

The healthcare sector has always been an
important area for the company, with
hospitals and health facilities among its
best customers. According to Salimgareev,
Tion created a small revolution in the
sector when it overcame the problems of
the disinfection process in medical centres.
Up to this point, heads of medical centres
did not trust new technology and would
not consider any disinfection process
without ultraviolet light.
Salimgareev explains how the company
managed to make a difference. At the
very beginning, we started very simply.
We went to the chief medical officer,
offered our product and offered to test it
for them. The healthcare facility itself also
conducted testing, measuring bacterial
content in the air before, during and after
use of our filter system. The difference
was quite significant and after a while,
we achieved a large number of positive
responses from medical centres about the
effectiveness of our equipment.
They are produced from a special type
of polypropylene. This polypropylene is
melted and with the use of a special
extruder, a fine thread of this poly-
propylene winds round the rotary
shaft. After that, this filter takes the
polypropylene from the shaft. It is very
large with holes inside. Because it is so
large, it has much more capacity
compared to paper filters or HEPA
filters, Salimgareev explains.
Nanotechnology
In 2014, Tion was registered as company
operating in the field of nanotechnologies.
According to the company, nano-
technologies are used during the
production of precipitator filters and it
can filter out any pollutant which are
larger than 2.5 micron.
In general, Tion filters are more effective
because of the porous structure and the
fact that the company does not apply
the principle less holes, the less
pollutants are able to penetrate.
According to Salimgareev, the electro-
static field significantly improves the
effectiveness of the filtration mechanism,
because all pollutants simply stick to the
filtration units.

As a result of this, Tion began a period of

substantial growth from 2010. According
to Salimgareev, sales were doubling every
year. Over the next few years the company
became a major supplier of filters for
healthcare facilities.

Complex tech, easy to use

Salimgareev says that the companys air
filter systems are very easy to use,
despite their complicated structure.
Tions systems employ multi-stage
cleaning and the first stage is a
pre-filter.

He explains that the task of the first

stage is to separate large contaminants,
in order to protect the rest of the
system and ensure that it is not loaded
with too much dirt. The second stage
makes use of an ozone-generating unit
or electrostatic unit. Here, two processes
are taking place. All pollutants from the
air obtainin a negative electrical charge
and then they go through the
precipitator filters.

According to Salimgareev, the

precipitator filters are a vital part of the
process and a key element of the
companys technology because Tion
manufactures these filters itself with the
use of nanotechnologies and so they
differ from similar products
manufactured elsewhere.

www.filtsep.com
24 Feature
Tion Cyclon Aspiration System is installed in various medical centres.
In addition, the electrostatic field
generates ozone in such high
concentrations that it can kill all other
micro-organisms. All bacteria and micro-
organisms caught in the filter-precipitator
are deactivated by the ozone. In other
words, they are killed at this stage.
This is very important for healthcare
facilities, especially in terms of fighting
against micro-organisms from the first
and second group of pathogenicity,
Salimgareev says.
According to Salimgareev, Tion is the
only Russian company which is licenced
for it ability to deactivate the most
dangerous pathogenic diseases, like
Ebola, anthrax, avian influenza H1N1 or
The Breezer Tion O2 is one of the companys
key products.
www.filtsep.com
tuberculosis. It is also the only Russian
filter manufacturer which conducts
equipment tests using a live form of
tuberculosis. Medical filter manufacturers
in Russia have to submit their products
to special tests which prove their ability
to kill viruses and bacteria. Only once
this is proved is the licence granted.
The last stage of filtration process takes
place in a catalyst unit. Its main task is
to decompose ozone into oxygen,
because for ozone does not differentiate
between killing the plague or the good
microflora in a persons lungs, so it is
crucial that ozone does not escape from
the system. The second task of this unit
is to decompose chemical pollutants.
Salimgareev continues: So in the end
we have air that has been filtered by
using simple mechanical tools to get rid
of things like dust, microorganisms, all
types of viruses and bacteria and
chemical pollutants which are molecular
contaminants in the gaseous phase. So
at the end of filtration process we get
absolutely clean air. This is the entire
technology.
Technological advantages
Salimgareev notes that one of the key
advantages of this technology is that it
has pressure drops of around 4-5 times
less than paper filters. This means that
when buildings are being designed and
constructed, it can be laid down within
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
the ventilation system and take up less
space, which in turn leads to more
energy-efficiency.
In addition, maintenance charges for
our systems are low, because of the low
cost of replaceable components. Our
filters are very economical because of
their longer service life. These benefits
are important for example, in medical
centres that are not easy to reach,
he suggests.
According to current Russian regulations,
filtration units in medical centres should
operate for at least a year, depending on
the conditions they are working in. Tion
filters can last for up to five years or
even more.
Although, in all industrial filter installations
of Tion filtration the technology is
basically the same, the company varies
it a little, depending on the where filter
will be used. For example, filters for
restaurants differ from filters destined for
medical centres which need a lower filter
class, which means a more porous
structure, and a much more powerful
electrostatic unit.
This is because the quantity of pollutants
[in medical centers and restaurants]varies
considerably because of where they are.
For example, while a laminated ceiling in
a medical centre could withstand 15 kg
of dust per year, a restaurant filter could
 Feature 25
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

In general, the medical centres sector is
one of the most guarded, almost as
much as the military sector. This means
that in each country there are dozens of
regulations and standards which apply to
filtration equipment used in healthcare,
he says.
offices in China and in Europe and our
solutions are already export-focused so it
is only a matter of time before we are
able to export to foreign markets.
http://tion.global

According to Salimgareev, in western

The Tion Clever is the companys filtration
system for apartments.
receive this amount of pollutant per week
and this is also something we are taking
into account as we develop certain
filtration solutions, Salimgareev says.
Meeting the challenges
Although Tions focus on medical
centres was deliberate, Salimgareev says
that the product approved for medical
centres could be used in other sectors.
This has opened up a broad range of
opportunities for the companys further
development in Russia, but also
brought some challenges in terms of
moving into foreign markets.
countries, there are different ways that
medical centres are built and also
different technical requirements for
filtration equipment compared to Russia.
For instance, in Europe customers are
mostly interested in energy efficiency,
while in China, especially in big cities,
bad environmental awareness raises the
issue of maximum filtration of air from
pollutants.
However, he expressed confidence in
Tions ability to meet these requirements,
saying that the companys products only Vladislav Salimgareev, CEO of Russian air filter
need to have the relevant certification manufacturer, Tion.
approved. Tions management is
encouraged about the development of Contact
future opportunities in foreign markets. Ivan Medvedkov
Tion
Novosibirsk, Engeniernaya st.20
This is not about whether we can do Tel +7 923 246 5482
that or we cant do that, but about Email: iam@tion.ru
whether we have the available time in Website: tion.ru
our working schedule to deal with this Vladislav Selimgareev
issue. This is something we are working +7 926 114 43 71
on for the future. We already have sales

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26 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Water & wastewater

Maximizing
biomethane use
in sewage plants
naerobic digestion (AD) technology has moved on
A over the last 15 years and many original wastewater
AD facilities are now looking to switch from producing
electricity to biomethane. This article argues that a well-
designed biomethane system could recover and utilize
40% of the heat produced by an AD plant.

In the UK, the wastewater treatment
sector has used both aerobic and
anaerobic treatment for many years.
It is therefore not surprising that when
the Renewables Obligation (RO) was
introduced in April 2002 (April 2005
in Northern Ireland), sewage sludge
anaerobic digestion (AD) plants were
well placed to become amongst
the first facilities accredited under
the system.
The RO closes to all new generating
capacity on 31 March 2017, but what
is less widely appreciated is that, for
these first generators, the default accred-
itation period of 20 years means that the
majority of sewage sludge AD plants will
lose their eligibility for ROCs in 2027,
despite the fact that the RO itself will
continue up to 2037. In effect, these
plants have just ten years left of
continued subsidy.
In addition, anaerobic digestion tech-
nology has moved on considerably over
the last 15 years. While new capacity has
grown, the number of sewage biogas
plants has increased from 49 in 2004
to 159 today. Many of the original waste-
water AD facilities are now looking to
upgrade, often switching from producing
electricity to biomethane in order to take
advantage of the Renewable Heat
Incentive, particularly given the positive
outcome of last years consultation on
the scheme.

Move to biomethane
Speaking at the ADBA National Confer-
ence in December 2016, the Anaerobic
Digestion and Bio-resources Associations
Market Analyst, Ollie More, confirmed
that a number of sewage biogas plant
operators are moving into biomethane
production. These plants were
producing electricity and are now
adding biomethane upgrading tech-
nology as well. We expect this trend
to continue, he explained.

Upgrading an existing plant is also an

The trend for sewage plants to add biomethane upgrading technology is increasing. ideal opportunity to improve its overall

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Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
HRS sludge pasteurisation tanks at a UK sewage facility.
efficiency and ensure that every bit of
heat and power produced is utilized, to
maximize both energy production and
overall greenhouse gas savings. In fact,
the water sector is at the heart of AD
efficiency and improvements while
the installed capacity for the anaerobic
digestion of sewage sludge rose 12% to
216 MWe between 2010 and 2015,
wastewater plants actually generated
over 25% more power.
Recapturing heat is one of the easiest
ways to improve efficiency, and heat
exchangers represent the best way of
doing this. They are an established tech-
nology, but despite their widespread use
in industries such as food manufacturing
and the chemical sector, they are often
under-used in AD plants.
Heat can be utilized in the AD process
itself, for example to pre-heat feedstock
or digesters to improve gas production
efficiency, or anywhere else that heat is
required; from water treatment, pasteuri-
sation and concentration processes to
office and space heating, or to provide
hot water for cleaning.
Using surplus heat in this way is also
free, without the need to buy additional
fuel, and all of these applications can
be carried out using a suitable heat
exchanger. Such an approach may also
provide additional benefits compared to
other technologies, such as the tank
heating systems often used for pasteuri-
sation. A well-designed system could
recover and utilize 40% of the heat
produced by the plant.
greatly lowering the transport costs asso-
Resolving efficiency
challenges
As an example, using heat exchangers
for pasteurisation is more efficient than
using tanks with heating jackets as they
have a much lower heat requirement; up
to half of that of some systems. This is
because tank systems have lower heat
transfer efficiency and usually dump the
hot water after use, rather than
reclaiming it.
Using heat exchangers means that
effective pasteurisation of digestate, for
example to comply with PAS 110, is
possible using surplus heat rather than
needing to install an additional heat
source such as a biomass boiler, which
could add hundreds of thousands of
pounds to a project.
Using a well-designed heat exchanger
system can provide a continuous
pasteurisation process which uses less
energy while allowing additional thermal
regeneration, or recovery, levels of up to
60%. This saved heat can then be used
elsewhere, such as an evaporation plant.
Feature 27
Digestate reduction
Heat can also be used to separate water
from digestate by concentrating. This
technique can reduce the overall quan-
tity of digestate by as much as 80%,
ciated with the removal of digestate. A
well-designed system will include meas-
ures to retain the valuable nutrients in
the digestate while the evaporated water
can be condensed and reused.
For example, the captured water can be
added back to the feedstock as it enters
the digester, making the entire process
almost self-sufficient in terms of water
use and eliminating liquid discharges
from the plant. After concentration, the
treated digestate dry solid content can
be as much as 20% (often a four-fold
improvement), making it much easier to
transport and handle.
A well-designed system could recover
and utilize 40% of the heat produced by
an AD plant. What could you do with
that free heat?
Contact
Matt Hale,
HRS House, 10-12 Caxton Way,
Watford Business Park,
Watford, Herts, WD18 8JY
Tel: 01923 232 335
Email: matt.hale@hrs.co.uk
www.hrs-heatexchangers.com
www.filtsep.com
28 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Recruitment

First steps in the

filtration industry
ike many, the filtration industry has its challenges
L attracting the right recruits. This is a pity, as the need for
environmental filtration of automation can offer a fulfilling
livelihood to many starting out on their career. Here, one
new entrant into the industry, Alex Lowther, reviews his
experiences and impressions so far.

Why did you choose a career

in the filtration industry? How
did it begin?
Like many people, I started my search for
a career online; looking through what
seemed like an infinite list of placements
and graduate jobs. It became apparent to
me that the starting point for applications
would have to be the choice of the
industry I would like to go into.

I personally looked for something niche

and dynamic, somewhere where there
would be a real need for innovation over
the next 30 years to secure a long term
career. Obvious trends towards higher
efficiency power generation and the
need for environmental filtration of
automation lead me towards the
filtration industry.

I happily accepted a placement at Altair,

part of the CLARCOR industrial air group,
where I could work on industrial filtration
ranging from marine filtration for the
latest generation of the worlds navy
vessels, to the largest power generation
turbines for GE.

What were your biggest

influences?
Alex Lowther joined the filtration industry because he was looking for a position where there would This is a difficult question to answer. I have
be a real need for innovation over the next 30 years to secure a long term career.

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
always been drawn to engineering and
inspired by a search for efficiency. In
my mind, efficiency is something for
nothing. I love it when you can offer a
customer a solution that will make
them money, everyone wins and the
customer leaves happy.
What was your experience
at university? In what ways
do you think it could be
improved?
I greatly enjoyed my time studying
mechanical engineering at the
University of Portsmouth and
benefited from the hands-on attitude
that it offered. I learnt a great deal of
practical and theoretical engineering
skills that I use every single day in my
current role.
One of the few things I feel that
universities could benefit from in the
future is an increased focus on soft
engineering skills. In the real world,
I love it when you can oer a
customer a solution that will make
them money, everyone wins and the
customer leaves happy.
providing customers with a product
that not only functions brilliantly, but
one that fits their needs is crucial.
It was a massive learning curve for
me when I entered industry,
where you are expected to interpret
the customers needs, as well as
understand the engineering solutions
to solve them.
What were the things you
enjoyed most at university?
I personally thought that the
opportunities offered to me when
completing my dissertation were the
highlight of my university experience.
I used state-of-the-art instrumentation
such as electron microscopes and
impressive furnaces to test the surface
finish of the next generation of gas
turbine super alloys. I was the first
person ever to see the effect that this
surface finish had on oxidation
characteristics of these alloys, and
contributed towards research papers at
the cutting edge of material technology.
If you had any work place-
ment experiences, what
were they like? In what
ways could they have been
more useful?
I took a placement at Altair, part of
Clarcor Industrial Air, and benefited
from a diverse year, taking my place in
both the customer-facing engineering
team, as well as the implementation
side of the business, managing small
projects as a project manager, and
working with suppliers in the sourcing
team. I went back to university with a
broad range of experiences and an
idea of how the industry really works.
An important thing for companies to
remember when considering a
placement student is that they are
there for the experience alone.
Placement salaries are typically not
much greater than working at a pub,
and if opportunities for personal
development are not provided, then
it can be a wasted experience.
What was the attitude of
employers at interviews?
What were they interested
in?
Ive attended a number of interviews,
and have been surprised at the level of
interest in my extra-curricular
volunteering and projects. This became
apparent to me to such an extent that
the focus of my CV has changed; it
now highlights my hobbies and
experiences more than my academic
results and has been well received.
I have also been surprised by the
number of practical challenges I have
had to undertake during interviews,
often being given a product to analyze
and explain its design decision to the
experts who created it, which I have
found quite intimidating.
In addition, I found that spending a year
in industry was invaluable when it came
to interviewing. It not only is a great
experience, but it also shows that you are
a business-focused, motivated individual.
Feature 29
When you began your
career, how useful did you
find your education
process? What are the
things you wish that you
had known?
Although universities are now great for
teaching teamwork, as well as practical
and theoretical skills, I still found it a
steep learning curve, for example,
when I was expected to present design
reviews to a chief engineer, who
critiques the engineering alone.
At university, there is often a focus on
presentation, English skills and
creativity, rather than looking at a
project more critically, and having to
have every engineering decision
justified.
In your opinion, why do you
think that most of your peers
dont seem to appreciate the
engineering that goes into
modern filtration?
Im always surprised by the public
opinion of the filtration industry.
People see it as a stagnant industry
that has low interest and innovation
when I feel that in reality, in many
industries the filtration system is the
best way to improve a system
economically and make it more.
If you take a power generation gas
turbine, for example, huge amounts are
spent on R&D, on next generation
alloys in order to squeeze out fractions
of a percentage of improved efficiency;
whereas a good filtration system can
improve efficiency by 3-5% and reduce
downtime to a fraction of what it
would be with a traditional filtration
solution.
I find young engineers look at filtration
as dull, whereas they see gas turbines
as more exciting and dynamic and in
my opinion, often the opposite is true.
In what ways do you
consider filtration is
important in our lives?
I think its important to understand
that filtration affects everyones lives.
Most people dont consider the oil and
air filtration that keeps their car
running cleanly and efficiently, the fact
that when they turn on the kettle that
www.filtsep.com
30 Feature
Although universities are now great for teaching teamwork, as well as practical and theoretical skills, its still a steep learning curve when you begin your
career. (Image: Iakov Filimonov/Shutterstock)
I feel that, in many industries,
the ltration system is the best way to
improve a system economically and make
it more reliable.
a gas turbine is kept running at peak
efficiency due to high tech filtration,
and how their life-saving drugs are
created and kept uncontaminated
thanks to the filtration industry.
What are the three major
facts you think that everyone
should know about filtration?
I think its important to realise
that filtration is a long term
investment. You can get cheap
filters in any industry, for any
www.filtsep.com
piece of machinery, which may
have no negative effect on initial
performance. What you get when
you buy high-quality filtration
products is assurance that your
car will still run well at 100k
miles, and that your gas turbine
will not get damaged due to
a filter blow out.
In addition, I would like to draw
attention to the innovation going
on in the filtration industry. Elec-
trostatic precipitators are used to
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
remove smog, hydrophobic filters
can strip water from the air, and
the medical industry can effec-
tively filter viruses from the air in
hospitals.
The filtration industry is growing
fast. Due to growing environmental
concerns and government emission
regulations investment is high and
growth is anticipated within the
industry.
Contact
Alex Lowther
CLARCOR Industrial Air | Altair
3 Omega Park, Alton
Hampshire, GU34 2QE, UK
Altair (UK) Ltd
Tel: +44 (0) 1420 594071
Email: Alex.Lowther@CLARCOR.com
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32 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Recruitment

Education is key
for recruitment
success
inding the right people to work in a specialist field such as
F the filtration industry takes time and often a great deal of
patience. Here, recruitment expert Lisa Sprowls, explains
how the process works and the challenges involved in
addressing the requirements and expectations of both
client and candidate during the recruitment process.

Finding the best candidates takes time, but the rewards of discovering the right person, who can produce results quickly, far outweigh simply filling a gap
in the ranks which brings little benefit for those concerned. (Image: Pitipat Usanakornkul/Shutterstock)

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Filtration recruitment is difficult. It takes a
lot of hard work and education about
the process is vital. From the clients side,
its getting them to understand that
while once there was an opportunity to
have a handful of resumes to view and
decide from, that is no longer the case.
Now, it is maybe two, or three if youre
lucky. Clients also need to know that
they need to make a quick decision on a
candidate to avoid them looking at
other opportunities.
If a candidate does not hear anything
back quickly, they tend to feel the
company is no longer interested and it
makes it harder when a recruiter waits
up to a month to call that candidate
back and they have already moved on.
Its all about educating the client, as well
as the candidate, about timing and
about with their own requirements and
expectations.
In the current climate, there is a range of
factors which may prevent a candidate
from moving. It can depend on anything
ranging from the state of the economy
and what the government looks like to
how well their current company is
treating them they are not necessarily
out there pounding the pavement.
This restricts the number of candidates
in the industry and that is where the
skill of the recruiter comes into play,
targeting those currently employed to
apply for a specific clients position.
New technology
Clients can be looking for sales people
and engineers depending on circum-
stances. A company could be producing
a new technology and so requires
engineers but then needs salespeople
to sell it.
Ms Sprowls said: From an engineering
point of view, the candidate has to
have a relevant degree, ideally with
three to five years experience in a
specific area whether its air filtration,
semi-conductor or membranes for
example.
Clients really want somebody who
can bring their expertise to help. They
dont want to train somebody for up to
a year thats a lot of investment in a
new hire. They wont come to us for
somebody coming out of college.
They have an HR group that can do that.
Lisa K. Sprowls, vice president/managing director,
Recruiter Solutions International
When they come to us, they have a
specific list of needs.
Identifying the right candidate means the
recruiter must understand those needs
before making a shortlist.
We talk to the individual who is going
to be directly managing them, to get an
understanding of who they are from a
management standpoint, their personality
and culture. Then we go out and identify
those types of backgrounds in individ-
uals, said Ms Sprowls.
But its not just a box ticking exercise. To
have a successful team, everybody has to
have the same mentality. They all have to
click, they all have to have the same
company culture so its not just about
someones background and experience,
but about who they are as a person as
well.
If I have someone that I know doesnt
do well writing reports and doing paper-
work, Im not going to link them up with
a company that I know wants reports
done every Monday, Wednesday and
Friday.
Identifying the right people takes time
and it is important clients understand
that. We could have talked to people
interested in new opportunities a month
ago but their circumstances have
changed they may have had a raise or
their manager has changed.
Ms Sprowls client base involves mid-
range companies with their own HR
department and hiring manager. But
unlike HR she acts as a specialist recruiter
tasked only with finding the right individ-
uals for the right jobs.
Feature 33
Career development
I always say that you cant recruit happy
people. If theyre happy with their job,
theres nothing that I can do. I dont have
a magic wand to make them change.
Normally its got to be something going
on within the company, or their own
personal career choice and aspiration.
Often people make a move because they
have gone as far as they are able. They
cant move anywhere because their
manager is going to be there another 20
years, so their career development isnt
there. It has nothing to do with the
company, its just that they have no other
place to go so they make a move to
another opportunity.
Personal circumstances such as a family
situation may also play a part. An indi-
vidual may have been transferred to
Florida but is actually from Illinois. If a job
comes up in Illinois, then they may
change companies out of personal
choice.
Flexibility is key
whether you're a
candidate or a
client.
Ms Sprowls' initial approach is to reach
out, either by phone or email to those
she has spoken with in the past. The
next step is to then contact individuals
that her research team has identified as
someone in the industry that is knowl-
edgeable and may be able to point her
in the right direction towards identifying
potential candidates for a position she is
working on.
If they decide its something they would
have an interest in, they normally will let
me know. They may keep it and six
months later they may call me.
One of the frustrations in the recruitment
process for the filtration industry is the
lack of expertise in a field such as
engineering.
There is a lack of experience coming
through compared to the current genera-
tion either from an engineering stand-
point or a technical standpoint in sales. A
lot of companies want someone with a
technical background who can identify
the issue and solve it or sell an applica-
www.filtsep.com
34 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

tion, a filter, whatever the case may be,

to that customer.

Potential candidates
Ms Sprowls covers a wide range of disci-
plines across filtration, water and waste-
water, managing teams in areas such as
packaging, printing and plastics on a
national basis as well as directly
managing her own desk. She often
attracts inquiries from potential
candidates.

They will call me because maybe they

have been laid off or the company has
been bought. It has nothing to do with
the fact that they did something poorly.
We talk a little bit about what theyre
looking for, whether they can relocate
and their family situation.

We look at industry experience and

compensation is always a factor. Some-
body may be accustomed to high pay,
but they are doing two peoples jobs
and now they are going to look at just
doing that job and its not paying the
same.
There are also many things you have to
educate the candidate about. You should
prepare them for the interview process
and provide necessary information. Some
companies have predictive assessments
that need to be done. Flexibility is key
and I say the same thing to clients.
Some companies may not be looking to
relocate anyone due to the additional
cost but that may mean they are not
going to find somebody with the
required specific industry experience in
their back yard.
The interview process does not just
present a candidate to somebody on a
Monday, phone interview them on a
Tuesday, face-to-face them on a
Wednesday and theyre hired by Friday
that just doesnt happen.
I have a company that I work with
where it takes a long time to meet the
management team and get the inter-
view process going. The longer that you
leave it open, the longer youre going to
lose people it just happens that way.
Ms Sprowls admits the process can be
frustrating as it is never straightforward.
The candidate may accept a counter-
offer or the client could delay a decision
and lose a good candidate. But a
Clients can be looking for sales people or engineers. (Image: Pitipat Usanakornkul /Shutterstock)
Its not just a box ticking exercise.
To have a successful team, everybody has
to have the same mentality.
common theme is that clients are
becoming more demanding.
We do complete background reports on
any finalist candidate that is being
considered. We verify their past employ-
ment, their education, whether they
have a criminal record as well as a valid
driver's licence. In addition, we also do
reference checks which allow us to
provide as much information to our
clients as possible to make the best
hiring decision.
Everybody wants more. They want to
get the right people on board to get
sales out, to get their products out. Its
essential for them to grow their business.
Everybody has pressure throughout the
whole process.
If theyre a sales manager and theyve
lost a salesperson and theyre taking over
that persons geographic territory, plus
having to manage the people reporting
to them, thats high pressure from a
professional and family perspective. If
they are doing two jobs, the pressure for
them to get that position filled is tenfold,
so its very important that the urgency
level is definitely there all the way
around.
Such pressure can lead to the client
demanding results more quickly than is
possible which is where Ms Sprowls
again stresses the need for education.
Finding the best candidates takes time
but the rewards of discovering the right
person who can produce results quickly
far outweigh just filling a gap in the
ranks with little benefit for anyone
concerned.
Contact:
Lisa K. Sprowls,
Vice President/Managing Director,
Filtration, Fluid Power, Packaging,
Printing, Plastics,
Recruiter Solutions International,
8850 Tyler Blvd,
Mentor, OH 44060
Tel: 800-992-3875 Ext. 313
440-205-8280 Ext. 313
www.rsipeople.com

www.filtsep.com
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36 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Water & wastewater

Bigeminal tank for

FGD wastewater
treatment
bigeminal tank is a key part of the flue gas desulfurization
A wastewater treatment process for heavy metals and
the precipitation and removal fine of particles. This
article investigates treatment process simplification
and equipment structure modification to reduce both
operational costs and deposition of particles.

The burning of coal is one of the most
important means of electricity
generation. The flue gas, which contains
a lot of dust, SO2, fluoride heavy metals
and NOx, demands to be treated before
discharge. In a wet flue gas desulfuriza-
tion (FGD) process, the flue gas is forced
into an absorption tower, where SO2 is
absorbed by lime and limestone slurry
and the gypsum is formed. Afterwards,
the purified flue gas is discharged and
gypsum slurry is dewatered. As a result
of gypsum slurry dewatering, the FGD
wastewater is formed which consists of
heavy metals and fine particles [1].
Conventional chemical
precipitation system
The chemical precipitation method has
been extensively used in FGD waste-
water treatment for metals and the
removal of fine particles.
The conventional chemical precipitation
(CCP) process includes hydroxide
precipitation and sulfide precipitation.
Heavy metals are normally precipitated
by NaOH or Ca(OH)2. The minimum
solubility of these metal hydroxides is
usually in the pH value range of 8.0-11.0.
Compared with hydroxide precipitation,
heavy metals precipitated by sulfides
have lower solubility over a broad pH
value range and can achieve a high
degree of metal removal [2].
A conventional chemical precipitation
(CCP) system mainly includes a pH adjust
tank, a settling tank, a flocculation tank,
a clarifier, a filter and five dosage devices,
as shown in Figure 1. Typically, a pH
adjust tank, settling tank and flocculation
tank are applied as a group referring to a
triple tank.
In a pH adjust tank, NaOH or Ca(OH)2 is
added to raise the pH of the waste-
water to 8.0-11.0 and then the soluble
metals are precipitated as insoluble
hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. From the
pH adjust tank, the wastewater flows to
a settling tank, where sulfide is added
to achieve a higher degree of metal
precipitation. Then, the wastewater
flows to flocculation tank, where
flocculant is added for coagulation and
co-precipitation. After that, polymer is
added to flocculate fine suspended
particles. The wastewater from
flocculation tank flows to the clarifier.
The clarifier settles the particles that are
initially present and formed during the
chemical precipitation steps. The filter in
the process further reduces particles
and the filtrate is recycled back to the
pH adjust tank.
However, there are some disadvantages
of the CCP system in a long term
running process, including a long
process line, complex dosage devices
and high operation cost. Furthermore,
a lot of particles in wastewater easily
since to the bottom of the triple tank
and clog the sludge outlets [3].
Modified chemical
precipitation system
To overcome the disadvantages of the
CCP system, including complex dosage
devices and high operation cost, a
modified chemical precipitation (MCP)
method has been reported [4]. In this
method, a powder reagent replaces the
five kinds of liquid reagents in the CCP
system.
To apply the MCP method, a modified
system is presented in this article, as

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Figure 1. Process flow diagram for a conventional chemical precipitation system.
shown in Figure 2. Compared with the
CCP system, a powder reagent device
replaces the five reagents devices and
the triple tank is simplified to a
bigeminal tank. The bigeminal tank
consists of a mixing tank (MT), a
flocculation tank (FT). The wastewater
with particles flows into the MT and is
thoroughly mixed with the added
powder reagent. Then, they overflow
into the FT where the flocculation
reaction and the flocs precipitation take
place. Finally, the flocculated wastewater
flows into the clarifier.
Design of bigeminal tank
A CCP system of a power plant in Dalian
(China) is used as a case study. The
design and improvements of the
bigeminal tank is based on the triple
tank in this plant. For the bigeminal tank,
the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
method is applied to predict the fluid
flow and particles concentration
distribution and to determine more
suitable values of operation parameters.
Finally, in order to improve the serious
deposition of particles, as in the triple
tank, a further improvement to the
bigeminal tank is provided.
The hydraulic retention time (HRT) is a
measure of the average length of time
that a compound remains in a storage
unit and is HRT=60Ve/(10^9Q). Where
Ve=Sh is the effective volume of the
storage unit, mm3, Q is the input flow
rate, m/h3, S is the area of rectangular
cross section, mm2, and h is the height
of water which equals to the height of
the baffle in this work, mm. HRT is
usually expressed in minutes and its
value usually equals to 23.5 min per
storage unit in the field of FGD waste-
water treatment. The input flow rate of
wastewater is 40 m3/h in this work. The
HRT of the bigeminal tank is 46.9 min
and that of the MT and the FT are 18.8
min and 28.1 min respectively.
The dimension of the bigeminal tank is
shown in Figure 3. The impellers used in
the MT and FT are four-blade 45 down-
pumping pitched blade turbines (PBTd)
and are located in the centre of each
tank with diameters of D. The impeller
off-bottom clearance is denoted as c and
the rotational speed is denoted as r. The
original parameters of the MT and FT are
denoted as D1, D2, c1, c2, r1 and r2,
respectively. Their values are set as
D1=D2=950mm, c1=c2=850mm, r1=88
rpm, r2=60 rpm.
Numerical simulation method
The investigated bigeminal tank is a full-
scale model. The MT and FT are set as
two single units to simulate. There are
1.5 million computational grids for the
MT and 1.6 million for the FT,
respectively. ANSYS FLUENT 15.0 is
employed in the article.
According to the reported methods [5],
the two-phase flow system is simulated
using Eulerian-Eulerian and dispersed
standard k model. Pressure and
velocity are coupled by Phase Coupled
SIMPLE method. A second order upwind
difference scheme and standard wall
function are used. The inlet of the tank is
set as velocity inlet condition and the
outlet is set as pressure outlet condition.
The unsteady flow is computed with the
Sliding Grid method. The time step is set
as 0.05s. When the flow difference
between the inlet and the outlet and
Feature 37
the values of particles concentration at
the bottom of the tank do not change
in 2 seconds, 40 time steps, the results
are regarded to be available [6].
The main component of particles is
CaSO4. Its density is 2960 kg/m3. Its
mean size is 20m in the MT and is
200m in the FT. Its volume
concentration is denoted as and the
original value is 0 = 0.684%. The
density and viscosity values of waste-
water are 998.2 kg/m3 and 0.001003
kg/ms, respectively.
Evaluating indicator
In this article, max is the maximum
volume particles concentration of the
tank. ave,v is the average volume
particles concentration of the whole
tank. ave,b is the average area particles
concentration at the bottom plane of
the tank. Generally, ave,v and ave,b
change with the same tendency unless
noted otherwise. The volume particles
concentration at the bottom plane is
more notable than the average volume
particles concentration of the whole
tank. Hence, ave,b is treated as the main
evaluating indicator of operation
parameters selection.
Operating conditions of MT
Flow field distribution. When D/D1=1,
c/c1=1, r/r1=1, the particles
concentration near the wall and the
bottom of the tank is slightly higher
than that in the blade region where
particles gain more energy. Particularly,
deposition of particles often occurs at
the centre and four bottom corners of
the tank. max=1.20 is obtained at the
bottom centre under the impeller. The
axial bulk flow caused by the impeller
rotation drives particles to move
upward and plays an active role in
decreasing particles deposition. Some
particles are propelled to the near wall
region and then overflow out of the
MT. Except for the bulk flow, the circu-
lating movement of particles is formed
at the centre and four bottom corners
of the tank
indicating that vortexes are formed.
Particles in these regions can not gain
enough energy from the liquid and can
hardly escape, which leads to a higher
concentration of particles.
As a result, during continuous
operation, more and more particles will
accumulate at the bottom.
www.filtsep.com
38 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Table 1 Numerical simulation results with different impeller operating parameters

Case Factor1 Factor2 ave,b/ 0 Case Factor1 Factor2 ave,b/ 0

1 0.895 1.047 13 1 59.503

2 c/c1=1 0.947 1.045 14 c/c2=1 1.053 34.211

D/D1 D/D2
3 r/r1=1 1 1.035 15 r/r2=1 1.158 13.202

4 1.053 1.034 16 1.263 6.389

5 0.765 1.022 17 0.882 7.836

D/D1=1 D/D2=1.158
6 0.882 1.025 18 1 13.216
r/r1=1 c/c1 r/r2=1 c/c2
7 1 1.029 19 1.118 20.760

8 1.118 1.034 20 1.235 21.199

9 0.886 1.031 21 0.666 48.246

D/D1=1 D/D2=1.158
10 1 1.022 22 0.833 9.810
c/c1=0.765 r/r1 c/c2=1 r/r2
11 1.110 1.020 23 1 5.395

12 1.230 1.018 24 1.167 1.827

Table 2. The simulation results of the bigeminal tank

Case ave,v/ 0 in MT ave,v/ 0 in FT ave,b/ 0 in MT ave,b/ 0 in FT (%)

OS 1.298 0.557 55.848 10.175 /

MS 0.731 0.162 29.094 19.444 82.3

Single factor experiments. In order
to reduce particles deposition, the
influence of the impeller paremeters
are predicted and the results are
summerized in Table 1. The ratios of
D/D1 are set as 0.895, 0.947, 1 and
1.053 (c/c1=1, r/r1=1), respectively.
When D/D1 equals to 1 or 1.053, the
values of ave,b are lower than the
other two cases (Case 1 to 4). Under
the similar mixture effect, the original
parameter, D/D1=1, is a more suitable
choice because it can save the
equipment replacement cost.
The ratios of c/c1 are set as 0.765, 0.882,
1 and 1.118 (D/D1=1, r/r1=1). According
to Case 5 to 8, when c/c1 equals to
0.765, ave,b is the lowest among four
cases. The results mean the increase in
axial velocity has a positive impact on
decreasing the deposition of particles.

The ratios of r/r1 are set as 0.886, 1, 1.11,

and 1.23 (D/D1=1, c/c1=0.765). It is
obvious that the mixing effect, the
impeller displacement and the axial
power will increase when the rotational
speed increases. According to Case 9 to
12, ave,b decreases with an increase in
the rotational speed, while the changes of
these values are not significant in such
low particles concentration situation. ave,b
is at a minimum when r/r1=1.23. So the r/
r1=1.23 is regarded as a suitable case
because it can provide a higher impeller
displacement to ensure the mixing effect
when the HRT of MT is lower than the
common value. In summary, the
recommended parameters for the MT are
D/D1=1, c/c1=0.765, r/r1=1.23.

Operating conditions of FT
Flow field distribution. In this part, the
investigation method for the FT is similar
to that of the MT. The case (D/D2=1.158,
Figure 2. Process flow diagram for the modified chemical precipitation system. c/c1=1, r/r1=1) is taken as an example to

www.filtsep.com
40 Feature
introduce the particles distribution and
the flow field of the FT. near the
bottom is much higher than that of the
other regions. An amount of particles are
at the corners of the bottom and max is
approximately 640. A stronger vortex is
formed at the centre of the bottom.
Single factor experiments. The ratios of
D/D2 are set as 1, 1.053, 1.158 and 1.263
(c/c1=1, r/r1=1). According to Case 13 to
16, ave,b decreases with increasing of D/
D2. However, ave,v of FT continues to
decline until D/D2=1.158 and the value
increases when D/D2=1.263. Because the
"In the bigeminal tank, the concentration
of particles in the near-wall and bottom
areas is higher than that of other areas."
bigger diameter gives much greater axial
flow and particles gain a longer
residence time, the optimum value of D/
D2 is 1.158 for the FT.
The ratios of c/c2 are set as 0.882, 1,
1.118 and 1.235 (D/D2=1.158, r/r2=1).
According to Case 17 to 21, when
c/c2=1.118 or 1.235, their ave,b are
higher, which means the particles
deposition is more serious at bottom
than c/c2=0.882 or 1. Besides, ave,v/
0=0.443 (c/c2=1) is lower comparing
Figure 3. Structure dimension of the bigeminal tank. (units:mm)
www.filtsep.com
with ave,v/0=0.506 (c/c2=0.882). So
c/c2=1 is more suitable.
The ratios of r/r2 are set as 0.666, 0.833, 1,
and 1.167 (D/D2=1.158, c/c2=1) in Case 21
to 24. When r/r2<1, ave,b are higher and
the deposition of particles at the bottom
is serious. When r/r2=1, 1.167, ave,v/0
=0.443, 0.526, respectively. It means more
particles stay in the FT when r/r2=1.167.
So the original rotational speed is still
suitable for the FT after adjusting the
impeller diameter. In summary, the
recommended parameters for the FT are
D/D2=1.158, c/c2=1, r/r2=1.
Modification of bigeminal tank
The deposition of particles still exists at
the bottom of the tank though more
suitable operating conditions are
adopted. It is necessary to modify the
bigeminal tank structure. So the baffle
between the FT and MT is modified. 11
holes with a radius of 25mm are placed
at the bottom of the baffle and the
centre distance is 250mm, which
contains 9 semicircular holes in the
middle and two quarter round holes at
both ends. This modified scheme is
denoted as MS. The bigeminal tank with
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
the original baffle is the initial scheme,
denoted as OS. The bigeminal tank is
treated as a whole part to run the
simulations. The basic parameters are the
aforementioned recommendation values
and the size of the particles is 200m.
The particles concentration is shown in
Table 2. is defined as the percentage of
particles flow rate at the holes from total
flow rate. ave,v of the MT and FT in MS
are lower than those in OS. That means,
in MS, it is easier for particles to enter the
FT and then leave the tank. ave,b/0 of
the MT reduces from 55.848 to 29.094,
a 47.9% fall, which means the
concentration of particles decreases
greatly at the bottom. The reason why
ave,b of the FT in MS is higher than that
in OS is that 82.3% of particles enter into
the FT through the holes at the bottom
of the baffle and increases particles
concentration in these regions. Even so,
ave,v is still lower after modification.
Therefore, opening holes has a positive
influence on the reduction of particles
deposition during a long term process
and cleaning the deposition of particles
after shutdown will be more convenient.
Conclusions
In the bigeminal tank, particles
concentration in the near-wall and
bottom areas is higher than that of other
areas. The centre and four bottom corners
of the tank are regions where deposition
of particles easily forms. The
recommended parameters of impellers
are D/D1=1, c/c1=0.765, r/r1=1.23, D/
D2=1.158, c/c2=1, r/r2=1. Opening holes at
the bottom edge of the baffle between
the MT and FT can improve particles
concentration distribution at the bottoms
of the tank and equipment cleaning after
shutdown will be more convenient.
References
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Please contact the author
directly for full references.
Contact
Yajing Tian, Yong Kang*, Jia Lu,
Jicheng Yu
School of Chemical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin
300350
China
* Corresponding author Yong Kang:
E-mail: ykang@tju.edu.cn
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42 Feature
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

Food & beverage

Tackling the
impact of FOG in
drainage systems
rainage systems in food processing facilities can
D experience a build-up of fats, oil, grease (FOG) and waste.
Here, a European projects manager for an international
water, energy and maintenance solutions provider,
considers the impact of FOG and organic waste build-up
and how facilities can tackle blockages.

Figure 1. Many sewer obstructions occur because businesses and catering establishment have inadequate procedures in place to dispose of FOG and food waste.

www.filtsep.com 0015 1882/17 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

 Feature 43
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

According to Water UK, water and

sewage companies in the UK respond
to approximately 366,000 sewer
blockages every year. In some parts of
the country, fat, oil and grease
build-up causes three quarters of these
blockages. While household waste is
always going to be a major
contributing factor to FOG blockages
in our water systems, many sewer
obstructions occur because businesses
and catering establishments, in
particular, have inadequate procedures
in place to dispose of FOG and food
waste correctly.

Economic impact
FOG build-up is not just an issue in the
UK. For example, Dublin council spends
1m every year maintaining the citys
sewers. In 2008, it introduced a
programme to battle so-called fatbergs,
with excellent results. Compliance teams
now carry out over 8,000 inspections a
year, while Irish Water produces a risk
map which helps to target inspections
and inform preventative maintenance.
The new procedures have reduced sewer
blockages to just 50 a year and its last
major fatberg blockage was more than
six years ago, according to University
College Dublin.
Rather than waiting for FOGs to drain
into the sewage network before
addressing build-ups and blockages,
facility managers in restaurants and food
processing plants need to tackle the
issue directly at source.
Many businesses across Europe often
think that if they have paid a fee to their
local authority for the disposal of waste-
water, their hands, along with their
systems, are clean. However, this is not
necessarily the case.
On top of local authority fees, the
actual treatment, cleaning and
maintenance of drains and grease trap
systems can cost businesses significant
amounts every year. As a result, facility
managers need to choose a treatment
system that works.
Avoiding odours
Without treatment, drains and grease
trap systems become blocked, resulting
in emergency call outs and the potential
structural damage of the facility. Addi-
tionally, without adequate drainage and
Figure 2. Build up of fat oil and grease in the sewage system.
waste processing systems, food
processing or serving facilities run the
risk of being non-compliant with envi-
ronmental health and food standard
regulations, leading to possible
shutdown.
Closure because of a breach of
regulations could result in a damaged
reputation and revenue. However, it isnt
only the outcome of ineffective system
management that can affect the publics
opinion about a facility. Build-up of FOG
can lead to complaints from customers
and staff because of the foul odours that
can be emitted when the organic waste
begins to decompose.
The unpleasant odours can attract
vermin and insects, which can lead to
breaches in health and hygiene regula-
tions and increased risk of disease. It is
vital for the build-up of decomposing
waste to be effectively managed, rather
than simply being deodorised or pushed
along the pipework system.
While there are products available to
help combat the issues of FOG build-up
and drain and grease trap blockages,
many of them are harsh on the
environment and can be hazardous to
those tasked with handling and
transporting them. Some chemical
formulas can result in minor complaints
like irritation of the eyes, nose or throat
from fumes, or skin can become
inflamed and painful should the solution
come into contact with it. Repeated
exposure can sometimes lead to chronic
illnesses, which can last years.
Manual maintenance
Many biological products are applied
manually and under the wrong
conditions. For example, applying
treatment when the facility is busy and
water flow is high means any treatment
product is flushed through the system
before it can take effect. Similarly,
applying a treatment when cleaning
processes are underway also diminishes
the effectiveness of the treatment,
particularly when disinfectants and hot
water are in high use.
When FOG and organic-waste blocks
drains, emergency maintenance teams
are called out to solve the issue, which
is both expensive and can significantly
disrupt operations. Blocked drain lines
and grease traps can also cause
flooding, which requires more manual
unblocking. This process results in
higher labour costs as well as risk

www.filtsep.com
44 Feature
of damage to drainage systems
due to the manual removal of the
obstruction.
Sometimes, the build-up of grease and
sludge inside grease traps necessitates
excessive pump-outs of the system.
Pump-outs are not only a disruptive
and expensive burden for the business
concerned, they potentially require the
facility to close for a period of time.
However, pumping out a grease trap
does not necessarily remove the build-
up of grease inside the drain line.
It's important for facilities managers to
remember that not all wastewater
treatment products are created equal.
Many biological products just contain
dormant bacteria or enzymes, which are
simply not effective. Enzymes liquefy
the grease instead of digesting it,
meaning the build-up problem is
passed further down the drain and
sewer system.
There are other products on the market
that contain dormant bacteria, which
can often take many hours to become
active, by which time they have already
passed through the main part of the
system which needs a new dose of
treatment.
Without treatment, FOG and organic
waste can clog drain lines and grease
traps leading to several unnecessary
procedures. Many of these could be
avoided had the right treatment been
in place from the start.
Figure 3. NCHs BioAmp and FreeFlow liquid.
www.filtsep.com
A clearer solution
In response to the need for more
effective, efficient and environmentally
sustainable FOG treatment, NCH Europe
developed its FreeFlow Liquid range.
FreeFlow Liquid provides a powerful
biological fluid-based solution to keeping
drains and grease traps clean.
The traditional lag in liquid bacteria
becoming active in the system is
reduced as when used alongside NCH
Europes FreeFlow Nutrient and
dedicated dispensary system, the liquid
is delayed from being dispensed into the
water system until the bacteria have
become active.
When dispensed, the FreeFlow Liquids
live, active bacteria solution begins to
feed and digest the FOG and organic
waste. This FreeFlow system is much
quicker than traditional methods and
enzyme-based products, which have
often already passed through the built-
up area of grease, fats and oils before it
starts to take effect.
With many products taking three to four
hours, or even longer, to become active
in the system, FreeFlow Liquid reduces
the need for lengthy retention plans.
FreeFlow Liquid also works across a
much larger range of pH, temperature
and oxygen conditions which can be
found in a wider array of wastewater
systems. The solution is also NSF L2
approved, which is vital for food
processing facilities.
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017
Maintenance engineers can also save
time on replenishment using FreeFlow
Liquid. The system is installed with a
programmable controller which manages
dosage and provides consistent results.
Dedicated NCH Europe maintenance staff
can also take care of refilling and main-
taining the installation, eliminating the
need for on-site staff to take responsi-
bility of the system.
Better workflow
In larger wastewater treatment plants
and food production facilities, FOG and
organic waste build-up can still be a
costly issue to contend with. However, it
can often be challenging to deliver a
consistent, high volume, dosing
programme that is both efficient and
cost effective.
NCH Europe's automated dispensing
system, BioAmp, uses the same
principles as the FreeFlow Liquid
treatment. A computer controls
microbial fermentation units, which
deliver large amounts of active, naturally
occurring, bacteria directly into drains
and grease traps.
In one application, a large alcoholic
beverage producer in the north of the
UK recently began using the BioAmp
system. Over the course of a one-year
period, the facility reduced its waste-
water costs by 50%. The following year, it
achieved an additional 49% cost
reduction.
Building on foundations
The traditional methods of wastewater
treatment are no longer the best way to
manage modern production plants. To
improve the costs and efficiency associ-
ated with wastewater management,
plant managers need to use the latest
technology and treatment solutions.
www.ncheurope.com
Contact
Steve Martin
European projects manager for
Wastewater & Biologicals
NCH Europe
E-mail: steve.martin@nch.com
Website: www: http://www.ncheurope.
com/en
EXPLORE ELSEVIER
Separation and
Membrane Science journals
WHY PUBLISH WITH ELSEVIER JOURNALS?

2014 Impact Factor *

3.756
*Journal Citation Reports
published by
Thomson Reuters 2015

2014 Impact Factor *

5.056
*Journal Citation Reports
published by
Thomson Reuters 2015

J OU RN A L O F
WATE R P ROC E S S
E N G I NE E RI NG
Edited by
Nicholas Hankins Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Volume X | Issue XX | January 2014

2014 Impact Factor *

3.091
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published by
Thomson Reuters 2015

elsevier.com/chemicalengineering
46 Product finder
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER COMPONENTS JCEM GmbH Switzerland SEPARATORS

Eurocarb
Products Ltd.
Bristol
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 117 982 0333
Fax: +44 (0) 117 982 9808
Website: www.eurocarb.com
European Subsidiary of Haycarb
PLC Worlds largest Coconut Shell
Activated Carbon manufacturer
and specialist impregnated carbon
producer/distributor
CABIN AIR/GAS
MASK/MINIPLEAT/
ROTARY, BLADE
PLEATERS AND
OTHER SPECIAL
PURPOSE MACHINES
FOR FILTER
PRODUCTION
A2Z Filtration
Specialities Pvt. LTD.
Design Centre & Manufacturing
Facility
D-1, Infocity, Phase - II
Sector-33, Gurgaon 122 001
National capital region, Delhi, India
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700
Fax: +91 (124) 478 8728
Skype ID: a2zfiltration
E-mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com
info@a2zfiltration.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com
A2Z offers automated lines/
solutions that are flexible, fit for
purpose and cost-effective for filter
manufacturers.
EXPANDED & MICRO
EXPANDED METAL
Dexmet Corporation
22 Barnes Industrial Road South
Wallingford, CT 06492
USA
Tel: +1 203 294 4440
Fax: +1203 294 7899
E-mail: sales@dexmet.com
Website: www.dexmet.com
& END CAPS
A2Z Filtration
Specialities Pvt. LTD.
Design Centre & Manufacturing
Facility
D-1, Infocity, Phase - II
Sector-33, Gurgaon 122 001
National capital region, Delhi, India
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700
Fax: +91 (124) 478 8728
Skype ID: a2zfiltration
E-mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com
info@a2zfiltration.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com
A2Z offers over 3,500 part
numbers of pressed sheet metal
and machined parts, aluminium
cast caps, Nylon 66 glass filled
components.
FILTER MEDIA
BWF Tec GmbH & Co.
KG
BWF Envirotec Headquarters
Bahnhofstrae 20
89362 Offingen, Germany
Tel: +49-8224-71-0
Fax: +49-8224-71-2144
Email: info@bwf-envirotec.de
Website: www.bwf-envirotec.com
FILTER PLEATING
MACHINES
A2Z Filtration
Specialities Pvt. LTD.
Design Centre & Manufacturing
Facility
D-1, Infocity, Phase - II
Sector-33, Gurgaon 122 001
National capital region, Delhi, India
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700
Fax: +91 (124) 478 8728
Skype ID: a2zfiltration
E-mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com
info@a2zfiltration.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com
A variety of pleating equipment
including Servo Motor Driven Blade,
Rotary, Pushar bar, Star Pleaters
and special configuration pleating
equipment.
Headquarters
Engineering & Manufacturing
Industrie Allmend 274629 Fulenbach
Switzerland
Tel: +41 62 926 44 80
Fax: +41 62 926 44 81
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic-
Christakos
E-mail: vesna@jcem.ch
Website: www.jcem.ch
JCEM USA
Exclusive Distribution
11201 Ampere Court
Louisville, KY 40299
USA
Tel: +1 502 261 8222
Fax: +1 502 261 8225
Contact Person: Chris Lyons
E-mail: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Website: www.jcemusa.com
PLEATING
MACHINERY
JCEM GmbH
Headquarters
Engineering & Manufacturing
Industrie Allmend 274629 Fulenbach
Switzerland
Tel: +41 62 926 44 80
Fax: +41 62 926 44 81
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic-
Christakos
E-mail: vesna@jcem.ch
Website: www.jcem.ch
JCEM USA
Exclusive Distribution
11201 Ampere Court
Louisville, KY 40299
USA
Tel: +1 502 261 8222
Fax: +1 502 261 8225
Contact Person: Chris Lyons
E-mail: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Website: www.jcemusa.com
PRESSURE PLATE
FILTERS
Chemap Filtration
by Infolabel AG
Grossrietstrasse 7
CH-8606 Nnikon/Uster
Tel: +41 44 944 93 00
Fax: +41 44 730 46 28 CENTRIFUGAL
Email: info@funda.ch
Website: www.funda.ch Chemap Filtration
Chemap filter systems and by Infolabel AG
specialist for Funda filter technology Grossrietstrasse 7
CH-8606 Nnikon/Uster
Switzerland
Tel: +41 44 944 93 00
ROTARY, BLADE Fax: +41 44 730 46 28
PLEATERS AND Email: info@funda.ch
Website: www.funda.ch
OTHER SPMS Chemap filter systems and
specialist for Funda filter technology
JCEM GmbH
Headquarters
Engineering & Manufacturing GEA Group
Industrie Allmend 274629 Fulenbach
Switzerland Aktiengesellschaft
Tel: +41 62 926 44 80 Werner-Habig-Strae 1
Fax: +41 62 926 44 81 59302 Oelde Germany
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic- www.gea.com
Christakos info@gea.com
E-mail: vesna@jcem.ch
Website: www.jcem.ch
JCEM USA
Exclusive Distribution
11201 Ampere Court
Louisville, KY 40299
USA
Tel: +1 502 261 8222
Fax: +1 502 261 8225
Contact Person: Chris Lyons
E-mail: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Website: www.jcemusa.com
ROTARY VACUUM
FILTERS
Bokela GmbH
Gottesauer Strasse 28
Karlsruhe, D-76131
Germany
Tel: +49 721 9 64 56 0
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10
Email: bokela@bokela.com
Website: www.bokela.com

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can improve efficiency
in liaison with in liaison with in liaison with

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48 Events
Filtration+Separation March/April 2017

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Separation 4th Water India

GEA Westfalia
IBC
9
Jiangsu, Jiuwu Hi-Tech Co., Ltd 11
Global Solutions within Lenzing Technik GmbH 13

Filtration + Separation NDC Spray Coating System Fabricating Co.,Ltd

Polyset
OBC
23

2017 Events
March 26 27 April
28 31 March Mecure Warwickshire, Walton Hall, UK

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Berlin, Germany
Water: Operational Technology
Wasser Berlin International 2017
www.wasser-berlin.de/en
and Data
http://events.theiet.org/water
29 31 March
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam May
HVACR/PS Vietnam 2017 10 12 May
www.hvacrseries.com/vietnam Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India
4th Water India 2017
April www.waterindia.com
2 5 April
Gran Canaria, Spain June
3rd International Conference on 11 15 June
Desalination Using Membrane Philadelphia, PA, USA
Technology AWWA Annual Conference
www.awwa.org
www.desalinationusingmembrane.com

More online interactions 4 7 April 13 16 June

between your brand and our
users
Beijing, China
Geneva, Switzerland
Index17 15th China International
www.index17.org Environmental Protection
Exhibition & Conference
5 6 April www.goodwill-exh.com.hk/2017CIEPEC
Geneva, Switzerland

Join the Conversation FILTREX 17

www.edana.org/education-events/
conferences-and-symposia/event-detail/
20 22 June
Chicago, IL, USA
Techtextil North America
filtrex-2017 www.techtextilNA.com

11 13 April
Louisville, Kentucky, US
AFS Spring Conference
www.afssociety.org More diary dates are listed in our events
page on the Filtration+Separation website:
24 25 April http://www.filtsep.com/events/
London, UK
All events are subject to change and/or
Smart Water Systems cancellations. Filtration+Separation
www.smart-water-systems.com accepts no responsibility for any changes.
Further information can be obtained only
25 27 April by contacting the relevant parties.
Belgrade, Serbia
To list your event in our next issue and
RENEXPO Water & Energy website, please send the information to
www.renexpo-belgrade.com a.burrows@elsevier.com

www.ltsep.com
If you are organising an event concerning filtration, separation or related
disciplines, and would like to be included in this list, please send details to:
The Editor, Filtration+Separation, Elsevier Ltd, PO Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5
1AS, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1865 843971; E-mail: filtsep@elsevier.com

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