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10th Class Physics Material

HEAT is called melting point. body is directly proportional to the 3. Dogs try to keep themselves cool during
14. Define the term Latent heat of average kinetic energy of particles hot weather by panting.
1. Define the term temperature?
fusion? of the body. 4. Panting is the process of evaporation
A. Temperature can be defined as the 'degree
A. Latent heat of fusion can be The molecules of the system have that occurs in the mouth and within the
of hotness or coldness'. It is a measure of
defined as the amount of heat different forms of energies. The bronchial tract.
thermal equilibrium.
energy required to convert 1 total energy of the system is called 5. During panting the liquid molecules
2. How does sweat cools our body during
gram of solid completely into internal energy of the system. from the mouth will be evaporated into the
evaporation?
liquid at a constant temperature. When we supply heat energy to air. These molecules carry heat along with
A. When we work our bodies produce heat.
15. Write about freezing? G. Shravan chandra the system, the heat energy given to them resulting in cooling the surface from
As a result the temperature of the skin
A. Freezing: "The process in whi it will be shared by the molecules which liquid is evaporated.
increases and water in the sweat glands Senior Faculty
ch a substance in liquid phase among them. So, when it opens its mouth, its tongue
evaporate from the body. This evaporation
changes to solid phase by losing This sharing will vary from sub- actually expands and it pushes heat out of
cools the body and it regulates the body
some of its energy is called "freezing". stance to substance. the body.
temperature.
16. Why is petrol evaporating in Petri dish The rise in temperature is high for a sub- 26. Draw the apparatus used to determine
3. Define the term heat?
quickly under a fan when compared to stance, if the maximum share of heat ener- specific heat capacity of a substance?
A. Heat is a form of energy that flows from a
that kept in a closed room? gy is utilized for its linear K.E.
body at higher temperature to a body at
A. The petrol in Petri dish evaporates quickly This sharing of heat energy by the mole-
lower temperature.
when compared to that kept in a closed cules also varies with temperature. That is
4. Define the term calorie?
room is because of the following reason. why the specific heat is different for differ-
A. The amount of heat required to raise the
1. The blowing air increases the rate of ent substances.
temperature of 1 gram of water by 1C is
evaporation. 23. Explain the process of evaporation?
called calorie. (Here in calorie 'c' should be
2. This is because any molecule escaping The mole-
in small because it indicates gram calorie.
from the surface is blown away from the cules of a
Capital C in calorie indicates food Calorie
vicinity of the liquid. This increases the liquid that
which is equal to 1000 gram calories)
rate of evaporation. are kept in
1 calorie = 4.186 Joules
17. Does the temperature of water rise con- a dish
5. What do you mean by evaporation?
tinuously if heat is supplied continuously continu-
A. The process of escaping of molecules from
till 100C? ously 27. Write a table of specific heat capacity of
the surface of a liquid at any temperature is
A. Yes, if heat is supplied to water its temper- move with different substances given below?
called evaporation.
ature rises continuously till it reaches random
6. Write about the factors that affect the
100C. At 100C there will be no further speeds in various directions. As a result
rate of evaporation?
rise of temperature, because heat is steril- these molecules collide with other mole-
A. The factors that affect the rate of evapora-
ized to convert water to water vapour. So, cules.
tion are surface area, temperature and
when heat is supplied beyond 100C, all During this collision they transfer energy
amount of water vapour already present in
the water is converted into vapour. to other molecules. Hence, the molecules at
the surrounding air.
18. How can you say average kinetic energy the surface acquire energy and may fly off
7. Define condensation?
of the molecules is directly proportional from the surface.
A. Condensation can be defined as "The
to absolute temperature? Some of these escaping molecules may be
change of phase from gas to liquid".
A. 1. The average kinetic energy of mole- directed back into liquid when they collide
8. What is humidity?
cules/particles of the hot body is more than with the particles of air. 28. Draw a diagram to show the change of a
A. The amount of water vapour present in air
the colder body. If the number of escaping molecules is gre phase of a substance in solid state?
is called humidity.
2. Temperature of a body acts as an indica- ater than the number returned, then the nu
9. Explain about the formation of dew?
tor in determining the average kinetic ener- mber of molecules in the liquid decreases.
A. During winter nights, the atmospheric tem-
gy of that body. Thus when a liquid is exposed to air, the
perature falls down. The air near to the sur-
3. From the above, we conclude that aver- molecules at the surface keep on escaping
faces will be saturated with vapour and con
age kinetic energy of the molecules is from the surface till the entire liquid disap-
densation begins. The water droplets conde
directly proportional to the absolute tem- pears into air. This process is called evapo-
nsed on such surfaces are known as 'dew'.
perature. ration.
10. Explain the formation of fog?
19. What is the heat energy required to rise 24. Write about the formation of dew on the
A. During winter nights, if the temperature
10 Kg of water from 25C to 75C? surface of a cold soft drink bottle kept in
falls further, the whole atmosphere in that
A. Given m=10 kg = 10,000 gm open air?
region contains a large amount of vapour
t1 = 25C; t2 = 75C A. 1. We know
and the water molecules present in vapour REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY
S = 1 cal/gmC, we know that Q= mST that the tem-
condenses on dust particles in air and form
= 10000 X 1 X (75 - 25) = 10000 X 50; Q perature of DIFFERENT SURFACES
small droplets of water. These droplets
= 500000 calories. surrounding
keep floating in the air and form a thick
20. If you drink 100ml of water at 20C. air is higher 1. A student has three concave mirrors A,
mist which restricts visibility. This thick
What is the heat gained by water from than the tem- B, C of focal lengths 20cm, 15cm and
mist is called as fog.
your body? (Body temperature is 37C). perature of the 10cm respectively. For each concave
11. Distinguish between boiling and boiling
A. m=100g (1ml of water = 1 gm of water) cold soft drink. mirror he performs the experiment of
point?
S=1 cal/gmC; t1 = 20C; t2 = 37C 2. Air contains water molecules in the image formation for three values of
A. Boiling: "Boiling is a process in which the
Q = mST (T=t2 - t1) form of water vapour. object distance of 30cm, 10cm and 20cm.
bulk of the liquid from liquid phase
= 100 X 1 X (37 - 20) = 100 X 17 3. During the motion of the water mole- Answer the following questions:
changes to gaseous phase at a constant
Q = 1700 calories. cules, they strike the surface of the bottle a) For the three object distances identify
temperature and constant pressure".
21. Write about the principle of method of which is cool. During this process water the mirror which will form an image
Boiling point: The temperature at which
mixtures? molecules lose their kinetic energy and equal in size to that of object. Find at
the liquid boils is called the boiling point
A. When two (or) more bodies at different form dew by condensing slowly on the sur- least one value of object distance.
of the liquid.
temperatures are mixed with each other, face of the cold soft drink bottle. b) Out of the three mirrors identify the
12. Define the term latent heat of vaporization.
then net heat lost by the hot bodies is equal 25. Why dogs pant during hot summer days? mirror which would be preferred to be
A. Latent heat of vaporization can be defined
to net heat gained by the cold bodies until A. 1. Dogs used for shaving purpose.
as the amount of heat energy required to
they attain thermal equilibrium (or) equal pant to reg- c) For the mirror B draw ray diagram for
change 1 gram of liquid to gas at constant
temperature. ulate their image formation for any two given val-
temperature.
Net heat lost = Net heat gain body tem- ues of object distance.
Its CGS units: cal/gm and SI units: J/Kg.
This is known as principle of method of perature A. a) Mirror B of focal length 15cm this is
13. Distinguish between melting and melting
mixture. during hot because an image equal in size to that of
point?
22. "Specific heat is different for different summer object is formed if object placed at C.
A. Melting: "The process in which solid
substances." Comment on the statement? days. b) For shaving purpose object is placed
phase changes to liquid phase at a constant
The statement "Specific heat is different 2. They have fewer sweat glands between between f and O so that magnified virtual
temperature is called melting".
for different substances" is a true state- the toes, which prevent them to lose heat
Melting point: This constant temperature
ment. We know that the temperature of a through sweating. $V {$, *$ MP iZ.. .