Assignment 2

Gas Turbine Cycles for aircraft engines

1. Under aircraft take-off conditions when the ambient pressure and
temperature are 101 bar and 288 K, the stagnation pressure and temperature
in the jet pipe of a turbojet engine (nozzle inlet) are 24 bar and 1000 K, and
the mass flow is 23 kg/s. Calculate the exit area of the convergent nozzle and
the thrust produced assuming the following:

a. The expansion in the nozzle is isentropic

b. Nozzle isentropic efficiency is 85%
c. Nozzle isentropic efficiency is 70%

2. A simple turbojet is operating with a compressor pressure ratio of 8, a

turbine inlet temperature of 1200 K and a mass flow of 15 kg/s, when the
aircraft is flying at 260 m/s at an altitude of 7000 m (atmospheric conditions
of 0.411 bar & 242.7 K). Assuming the following component efficiencies,
calculate the propelling nozzle area required, the thrust developed and the
SFC.

Polytropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine 0.87

Isentropic efficiency of intake 0.95
Isentropic efficiency of propelling nozzle 0.95
Mechanical efficiency 0.99
Combustion chamber pressure loss 6% comp. deliv. press.
Combustion efficiency 0.97

[ans. 00713 m2, 7896 N, 0126 kg/h N]

3. Determine the specific thrust and SFC for a simple turbojet engine, having
the following component performance at the design point at which the cruise
speed and altitude are M =0.8 and 10000 m (atmospheric conditions: 0.265
bar & 223.3 K).

Compressor pressure ratio 80

Turbine inlet temperature 1200 K
Compressor isentropic efficiency 087
Turbine isentropic efficiency 090
Intake (diffuser) isentropic efficiency 0.93
Propelling nozzle isentropic efficiency 0.95
Mechanical transmission efficiency 099
Combustion efficiency 0.98
Combustion pressure loss 4% comp. deliv. press
4. The following data apply to a twin-spool turbofan engine, with the fan
driven by the low pressure turbine (LPT) and the compressor by the high
pressure turbine (HPT). Separate cold and hot nozzles are used.

Overall pressure ratio 25

Fan pressure ratio 1.65
Bypass ratio 5
Turbine inlet temperature 1550 K
Fan, compressor and turbine polytropic efficiency 0.90
Isentropic efficiency of each propelling nozzle 095
Mechanical efficiency of each spool 0.99
Combustion pressure loss 150 bar
Total air mass flow 215 kg/s

It is required to find the thrust and SFC under sea level static conditions
where the ambient pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 288 K.
Atmospheric pressure and temperature, density, and sonic speed variations
with elevation (z):