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TEACHERS
RESOURCE PACK
1

www.santillana.es
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1 The Universe

OBJECTIVES
1. To learn about the Universe and its major 4. To observe the night sky and recognise well-known
components stars and constellations
2. To understand the enormous distances in the 5. To learn about the scientific theories
Universe and do simple calculations involving of astronomical knowledge
them
3. To identify the components of the Solar System,
their characteristics and movements

CONTENTS
CONCEPTS Conception and components of the Universe
Sizes and distances within the Universe
The Solar System and its components
Characteristics of the planets and movements of celestial bodies
Astronomical knowledge and historical evolution

PROCEDURES Interpreting diagrams and images of the Solar System and its components
& KEY SKILLS Researching constellations and producing a poster
Interpreting scientific texts

ATTITUDES Becoming aware of the enormous distances in the Universe and accepting
the fact that our planet is probably only one of millions of existing planets
Showing interest in recognising celestial bodies in the night sky

COMPETENCES
Competence in linguistic communication: understanding descriptive texts
(sections 1-6, pp. 9-14); understanding instructions (Activities, p. 16);
listening to the unit summary What should you know? (Students CD, track 1).
Processing information and digital competence: interpreting tables
(sections 4-6, pp. 12-14); researching the possibility of life on other planets
(Investigate, p. 17; Web task, unit 1, Students CD).
Competence in learning to learn: focusing on the Learning to learn section (pp. 3-5)
and Content objectives (p. 8); organising and interpreting information
(What should you know?, p. 17).

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VALUES
Peace Studies
A look at astrology and its historic links with science
and religion. Astrology asserts that the position of
certain stars and planets influence our personality,
important events in our lives and even our destiny.
Astrology as we know it originated in Babylon over
5,000 years ago as a compound of religion and
science. The scientific part was concerned with
the movement of stars, whilst the religious part
attempted to determine the relationship between
cosmic events and happenings on Earth. As human
knowledge increased, astrology was separated from
the science of astronomy and relegated by scientists
as superstition.

EVALUATION CRITERIA
1. Can identify, define and describe the major 4. Can observe the night sky and recognise
components of the Universe well-known stars and constellations in it
2. Can understand the use of special units 5. Can explain scientific theories of astronomical
to measure distances in the Universe; knowledge
can identify them and give their equivalents
3. Can describe the Solar System and draw a map
to locate it in the Universe; can identify
and describe its components

INTERNET, BOOKS AND FILMS

Web links Films
NASA (North Amercian Space Agency) Space Odyssey. Journey to the planets. 2004
http://www.nasa.gov This film is a two-part science fiction documentary-
NASA home page which includes numerous links. drama which examines the possibilities of a dangerous,
manned space mission to explore the inner and outer
The Nine Planets planets of the Solar System.
http://www.astrored.net Star Wars. 1977
One of the best web pages about the Solar System. George Lucas, creator of the most famous film trilogy
ever, depicts a marvellous universe, a mixture of
Views of the Solar System
western and adventure. With a famous sound track and
http://www.solarviews.com special effects which broke new ground.
A vast archive of photographs, scientific facts, text,
graphics and videos. Discover the latest scientific
information, or study the history of space exploration.

Books
Eyes on the Universe: A History of the Telescope.
Isaac Asimov
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975
This book relates the discoveries which lead up to
modern-day reflector and radio telescopes. It begins
describing the rudimentary lenses used by Galileo.

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1 WORKSHEET 1
THE UNIVERSE

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

1 Complete these words with the missing vowels a, e, i, o, u or y.

pl n t c m t

s t ll t st r d

g l x z d c

n b l rb t

2 Match each word to its definition.

light year dwarf planets asteroids rotational axis orbit galaxy

1. They are smaller than planets and they orbit the Sun.

2. They are rocky objects which are irregular in shape.

3. It is the invisible line on which celestial objects spin or rotate.

4. It is the distance light travels in one year.

5. It is the curved path which a celestial object follows in its revolution around another
celestial object.

6. It is a vast collection of stars, dust and gases, held together by gravitational attraction.

3 Put the words in order and write the correct sentences.

1. Scientists empty between spaces think there vast the galaxies are

2. Planets larger are bodies much other celestial than

3. Saturns mostly rings made ice of particles are

4. The life is with planet the only Earth

5. The Uranus is temperature of average -200 C surface

6. The planets is crust of made inner the rock of

___ / 20

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1 WORKSHEET 2
THE UNIVERSE

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

1 Write the names of the planets.

1
2
3
4

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

2 Complete these sentences using the words in the box.

elliptical eight larger Mars outer natural Saturn one moons inner

The Solar System is made up of 1. planets and 2. star, the Sun. It also

includes comets, 3. and asteroids. The Earths 4. satellite is the Moon,

but there are also many artificial ones orbiting it.

The planets all move in 5. orbits. The 6. planets, Mercury, Venus,

Earth and 7. are all rocky; the 8. planets, Jupiter,

9. , Uranus and Neptune are gaseous. Mars is 10. than Mercury,

and Jupiter is much larger than the Earth.

___ / 20

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1 WORKSHEET 3
THE UNIVERSE

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

1 Use your Students Book to complete this chart.

Average
Distance from Period of Period of Number
Planet Type surface
the Sun (AU) rotation revolution of satellites
temperature

Mercury rocky 58.65 days 0

Venus 0.72 224.6 days

Earth 23 h 56 mins 365.25 days 1

Jupiter gaseous - 150 C

Neptune 30.06 - 210 C

2 Use your chart to answer these questions.

Which planet
1. has the most satellites?

2. has the shortest period of rotation?

3. has the longest period of revolution?

4. is the greatest distance from the Sun?

5. is the hottest?

6. rotates faster, Venus or Neptune?

7. Which planets are closer to the Sun, the rocky planets or the gaseous planets?

3 Now answer these questions.

1. Which galaxy does our Solar System belong to?

2. Which is the nearest star to our Solar System?

3. Which celestial bodies are made up of ice, dust and gas, and have bright tails?

4. What is the distance from the Earth to the Sun?

5. How fast does light travel in one second?

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1 WORKSHEET 4
THE UNIVERSE

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

1 Jigsaw chart.
Work in pairs. Take turns to read and classify these sentences. Write each number in the correct category.

1. They are spherical bodies which orbit GALAXIES

the Sun.
2
2. They are vast collections of stars, dust
and gases.
3. They are imaginary patterns of bright
stars.
CONSTELLATIONS
4. There are eight of them.
5. They contain thousands of millions
of stars.
6. Ours is called the Milky Way.
7. They are massive spherical bodies STARS
of gases.
8. They all move in elliptical orbits.
9. They emit light and heat.
10. Officially, there are eighty-eight.
11. They form when clouds of gases are PLANETS
pulled together by gravitational forces.
12. Their position changes with the seasons
because of the movements of the Earth.

2 Write a description of the four celestial objects.

Use the chart and your own knowledge!

___ / 20

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1 WORKSHEET 5
THE UNIVERSE

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

Mars Martian moon

Do you know why the moons of Mars are called Phobos and Deimos? Mars was the
Roman god of war (Ares in Greek) and his symbol is a, which represents a spear and
a shield. For some strange reason, the moons of Mars received Greek names rather
than Latin ones, Phobos meaning panic and Deimos meaning terror, because these
two feelings are always related to war.
Phobos can be used as a suffix. We can construct words that inform us about human
and animal feelings of extreme fear in different situations. For example,
a person who suffers from claustrophobia feels terribly afraid when enclosed
in a small space. Think also about other similar words such as hydrophobia,
arachnophobia or agoraphobia. There are all kinds of fears! Fortunately, as rational
human beings, we can also use different strategies to overcome these fears.

1 Choose the best title for this reading passage and write it on the line above.

The two moons of Mars The gods and the moons Two satellites

2 Correct the information.

1. Mars was the Greek god of war.

2. According to the text, war evokes feelings of anger and despair.

3. Claustrophobia refers to the fear of going to war.

4. We must learn to live with our fears.

3 Match the words to the fears they indicate.

1. hydrophobia a. fear of spiders

2. ablutophobia b. fear of books
3. agoraphobia c. fear of water
4. arachnophobia d. fear of open spaces
5. bibliophobia e. fear of washing yourself ___ / 10

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1 TEST 1
THE UNIVERSE

NAME: CLASS: DATE:

1 Circle the correct answer.

1. The universe is all the (a) space (b) energy (c) matter, space and energy that exists.
2. A nebula is (a) a cluster of stars (b) a cloud of gas and dust (c) a vast empty space.
3. Nebulas surround (a) all the planets (b) the stars (c) the natural satellites.
4. Astronomers use (a) Astronomical Units (b) International Units (c) Universal Units.
5. Satellites orbit (a) the stars (b) the Sun (c) planets and dwarf planets.
6. Mercury and Venus have (a) one satellite each (b) no satellites (c) more than ten satellites each.
7. Asteroids can form (a) belts (b) constellations (c) systems.
8. The position of the constellations changes with (a) the seasons (b) the way we imagine them
(c) the colour of the night sky.
9. The orbit of comets is (a) highly irregular (b) more or less regular (c) highly elliptical.
10. An astronomical unit (AU) is the distance from the Earth to (a) the Moon (b) the Milky Way
(c) the Sun.

2 Read the text and answer the questions.

Theories of the Universe

In the second century BC, the astronomer Ptolemy proposed that the Earth
was the centre of the Universe, and that the Sun, Moon and planets orbited
the Earth. This was known as the Geocentric theory, or the Ptolemaic
System. However, in 1542, Nicolas Copernicus proposed that the Sun was
at the centre of the Universe. When Galileo Galilei invented the telescope in
1610, he was able to prove the Heliocentric theory (or Copernican System):
the planets and stars revolve around the Sun.

1. For how many centuries was the Geocentric theory used in astronomy?

2. What did this theory suggest?

3. What was Copernicus theory?

4. Who invented the telescope?

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