AnusvAra /

, ,

,

AnusvAra as the word itself explains is "giving voice to" following the vowel,
the full and complete pronunciation of in , etc.,In places where the
anuswAra is followed by a varga-vyanjana the "process" of pronunciation
"naturally" forces you to correctly pronounce the auswAra rightly. It is when
anuswAra is follwoed by non-classed consonants that you get into trouble. You
can see a variety of pronunciations of the anuswara in thses cases. It varies
from pronouncing it as in northern states, somewhat like in Maharashtra
and North Karnataka and as well-intoned down south(South Karnataka,
Andhra, Kerala and Tamilnadu). Which is in line with Panini? Example ,
here the anusvra aides in the pronunciation of the next consonant( )
which is (dental) by : hence the anusvra should be
pronounced as as opposed to as sansthitha, hence the thumb rule
is anusvra should be pronounced based on the next consonant. Second
technically speaking as per - which states
that the which is given by the : qualifies the usage of
these 5 as : The anusvara is a nasal sound. It is marked by a
dot. It should be read with the previous vowel sound. Thus ++=,
++= etc.. It can have two different effects: In mid-word, when it appears
before a consonant, it has the the same effect as if that consonant's
corresponding nasal consonant were placed right before it. For example, if
placed before the "k" sound in the English word "buck," it would make the word
change to "bunk." Hindi example: -- saga (group, association) -- is often
transliterated as sanga. Placed at the end of a word (after a vowel with no
further consonants), it simply nasalizes the vowel, often sounding as if the
English "ng" (as in "song") had been placed at the end of the word, though
lightly. Hindi examples: -- me (in).The usage as specified in the comment
section as , , , , are the correct forms because all the
letters , , , , are followed by : and hence by the sutra
: instead of there is applied chosen by both
and

()
() ( , , , , -
) - . - / - / - / -
/ - ................. -
, , ,
-
-

- ., , , , , ,


.
- , , , ,
, , , ,
- ,
 , . . ( ) , , ( )
..
... - , ...

( ) anunAsika ( / )
In anunAsika the term tells you that it is a letter-pronunciation that is aided by
the nose. Consider the Panini Sutra (..1-1-08). -
- = | This is the definitional sutra for
anunAsika. The standard explanation goes thus. = mouth(the oral
cavity) together with the nose(the nasal column) = slightly
pronounced. That means the anunAsika which represented in script by
chandra-bindu the vowel must be nasalized. In fact in Paninian Grammar the
nasalized vowel is one distinct entity in 18 basic forms of vowels. Thus the
vanrgAnta(last letters of the vargIya-vyanjanas are the anunAsikas referred to
by the pratyAhAra-sutra | This sutra collects all the anunAsikas
together. These letters singly are best pronounced. In sandhi formed usages
like (= + ) the long vowel is just nasalized. Also as per the
technical definition of : - : which states a letter
pronounced with the help of both mouth and nose qualifies to be called as
: which includes the and the nasalized versions of svara such
as , , , etc used in vedic purposes.Anunaasika is a nasal Consonant. The
letters included in the 'pratyaahaara ' except and are known as
Anunaasikas. Traditionally, words like Anta, Amba, Andaja, Anga, Anjali etc etc
were written using Anunaasika sounds. The candrabindu (meaning "moon dot")
is very similar to the anusvara and is notated with a dot and a small crescent
(see below). When placed above a vowel, the vowel becomes nasalized. Hindi
example: -- mahag (meaning "expensive").It is to be noted that is
written with a dot as written previously only when a is followed by a
letter Example (Here the changes to anusvra because
() follows the which is at the end of the , in cases where there is
no it stays as only.

() - , ,
-
() () - , ,
,
- , , , , ,
: - : , : ,
(+ ):
( )
( )
,
:, ,
,
: , , , , ,

:
-----

1- :
2- ( ) ,
.
3-
, , , --- , ,
4.
. ---- , ,
.
The core difference between the two is Anusvara is read with the previous
vowel whereas the Anunaasika is read with the succeeding the Consonant.
(:) visarga /
/ ;
/ ; /

; ; , ...
= (), = ()
The visarga is notated with what looks like an English colon. It is transliterated
with . It is only found at the end of words, and only found on Sanskrit loan
words. It has the effect of adding a h as well as a lighter version of the
preceding vowel. For example, is pronounced namaha, with the last a
having as little emphasis as possible.
,
: ': '
'- '
:-:, :, :, :, :, :, :,
:, :,
' , : () ''
(: : ,
)
:/, :/
: ( ) , ,
(: , :, :) :, : , :
/ :
,
, ()
: : :
() ,
, , ,
, ,
() = , =
, =
() ; ,
, = , =
,
= , =
,
= , =
,
, = , =
, , ,
= , =
, =



* , , 1 , , ,
,
* , , 2 , ,
, ,
* , 3 ,
3 3 3
() ,
*
, 2 ; ,
3
* , 2
, , ( 2 )
* ,
* ,
, ,

The halant is a small diagonal line which indicates that the default vowel --
a is not to be pronounced. It only appears at the end of words. In Hindi,
however, this symbol is almost never seen, as, unlike Sanskrit, the default
vowel is almost never pronounced on the final consonants of words. Example:
-- nm (name).* ( )