Assignment
On
Submitted To:
Submitted By:
Urooj Khursheed (7151-FMS/MBA/F15)
MBA-31
Research Variables
Dependent Variable:
The dependent variable is the variable a researcher is interested in. The changes to the dependent
variable are what the researcher is trying to measure with all their fancy techniques.
Independent Variable:
An independent variable is a variable believed to affect the dependent variable. This is the variable
that you, the researcher, will manipulate to see if it makes the dependent variable change.
Mediator Variable:
In general, a given variable may be said to function as a mediator to the extent that it accounts for the
relation between the predictor and the criterion. Mediators explain how external physical events take
on internal psychological significance.
Moderator Variable:
In general terms, a moderator is a qualitative (e.g., sex, race, class) or quantitative (e.g., level of
reward) variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relation between an independent or
predictor variable and a dependent or criterion variable.
Serial No. Database Journal Name Year Article Title Authors Key Words
1. Science The Leadership 2011 Impact of Louis. W. Spiritual
Direct Quarterly spiritual Fry, Seam T. Leadership,
leadership on Hannah, Military,
unit Michael Workplace
performance Noel, Fred O. Spirituality,
Walumbwa Performance,
Emergent
Leadership
2. Springer Journal of 2012 Spirituality and Kelly A. Spirituality,
Business Ethics Strategic Phipps Strategic
Leadership: leadership,
The Inuence Spiritual beliefs,
of Spiritual Decision
Beliefs on making, Schema,
Strategic Level of analysis
Decision
Making
3. Emerald Leadership & 2015 Servant Wallace Employee
Organization leadership and Alexander, creativity,
Development followership Williams Jr Political skill,
Journal creativity: The Randolph- Workplace
influence of Seng , spirituality,
workplace Brandon Servant
spirituality and Mario, Hayek leadership
political skill Stephanie,
Pane Haden
GucluAtinc
4. JSTOR Journal of 2011 The Impact of Chin-Yi Chen Spiritual
Business Ethics Spiritual and Chin- leadership
Leadership on Fang Yang Organizational
Organizational citizenship
Citizenship behavior
Behavior: A Multi-sample
Multi-Sample analysis
Analysis Finance
Industry
Retail industry
5. JSTOR Journal of 2012 Spiritual Louis W. Fry spiritual
Business Ethics Leadership as a Melanie P. leadership,
Paradigm Cohen workaholism,
for organizational
Organizational transformation,
Transformation organizational
and Recovery culture
from Extended
Work Hours
Cultures
6. Science The Leadership 2012 Assessing the Chin-Yi Spiritual
direct Quarterly spiritual Chen, Chun-I leadership
leadership Li effectiveness;
effectiveness: Self-concept;
Thecontributio Culture;
n of follower's Managerial
self-concept position;
and preliminary Organizational
tests for citizenship
moderation of behavior
culture and
managerial
position
7. AJBM African Journal 2010 The effect of Bulent Spiritual
of Business spiritual Aydin* and leadership,
Management leadership on Adnan organizational
Vol.3 (5) organizational Ceylan learning capacity,
learning metalworking
capacity industry.
4. The
Impact
of
Independent Variable:
Leaders spiritual leadership
Vision
Hope/ faith
Altruistic love
Dependent Variable:
Altruism
Conscientiousness
Mediator:
Spiritual survival
Membership
Meaning/calling
Independent Variable:
Spiritual leadership
Hope/ faith
Vision
Altruistic
love
Inner life
(spiritual
practice)
Dependent Variable:
Individual and
organizational outcomes
Organizational commitment
Productivity
Financial performance
Employee life satisfaction
Corporate social responsibility
Mediator:
Spiritual wellbeing
Calling (make a difference life has meaning/purpose
Membership (be understood/ be appreciated)
Independent Variable:
Spiritual leadership
Dependent Variable:
Performance(productivity)
Organizational commitment
OCB( altruism)
Mediator:
Transcendental motivation toward work/organization
Transcendental self-concept