Projeto

04
"MEMRIA-Nona Ilha"

VIEIRA, Alberto

FROM GIBRALTAR TO MADEIRA. 1940-1944

A HAPPY-EVER AFTER [REFUGEE] TALE

Imagem: http://neville-chipulina.blogspot.pt/2006/10/1940-barreiros-madeira.html

Cadernos de divulgao do CEHA.

Projeto Memria-Nona Ilha/DRC/SRETC, N. 04.
VIEIRA, Alberto, From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Funchal. Junho de 2016.

From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

FROM GIBRALTAR TO MADEIRA. 1940-1944

A HAPPY-EVER AFTER [REFUGEE] TALE
ALBERTO VIEIRA*
CEHA-SRETC-MADEIRA

ALBERTO VIEIRA. Born,1956, S. Vicente, Madeira Island.

ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL STATUS: 2016-Coordinator
of Centre for Atlantic Studies (CEHA) and research
programs; 2013-2015- General Manager of CEHA;
2008- President of CEHA; 1999- Research Coordinator
of CEHA; 1991- PhD in History (Portuguese Discoveries)
at Universidade dos Aores, 1980- Degree in History at
Universidade de Lisboa. SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY: Belongs to
several Academic groups and research centers. Part of the
Advice Board at specialized magazines and publications.
Investigator at CLEPUL-Lisboa. Member of the Infant
D. Henrique Chair / Universidade Aberta. Has been
developing research in the field of Environmental History,
Science and Technology History, The world of the islands,
Nissology, Autonomy History, Slavery, Wine and vineyards,
Sugar cane and Finance and Institutions. Presently is in
charge of a project based on Oral History and Life stories/
(Auto)biographies: MEMORIA das Gentes que fazem a
Histria, NONA ILHA Madeira Migration, AUTONOMIA,
testimonies and life stories. PUBLICATIONS: Has published
many papers and studies in varied magazines and books,
participated in several meetings and congress both in
Portugal and abroad. Further details at: https://app.box.
com/s/248a0h637wi5llm26o66o9bbw2kd182z .

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Imagem: http://aterrememportugal.blogspot.pt/2012/12/guerra-levou-gibraltinos-para-madeira.html

This text is part of a brief presentation made public at a dinner during the Tribute to the
Evacuees to Madeira. Gibraltar Productions has included this celebration in the Gibraltar World
Music Festival 2016, and in the sequence of events, the CEHA has decided to organize a special issue
of the Newsletter to this historical moment in September. It is also our purpose to publish a volume
on this matter. Editon will be bilingual.
We would like to thank Gibraltar Productions for the invitation and for all the collaboration.

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Paraso World War II was a very complex moment in

history. Once again, Europe emerged in another
world conflict and difficulties increased. In
Marilu ! Madeira, in particular, the supply of goods was
que lindo nome tens tu! threatened as well as the circulation of people
que doce pronunci-lo! and navigation was limited due to insecurity.
. . .Passaria a vida inteira Consequently, the flow of visitors decreased and
junto da tua lareira hotels were empty. A crisis was in sight, and no
immediate solution could be found.
silabando. . .
sem nunca, nunca, gast-lo: However, in August 1940, the arrival of
Ma. . .ri. . .lu. . . refugees from Gibraltar gave a new hope. Ships
arrived in Funchal carrying families who had
Oh ! Marilu ! Marilu!
escaped from war. Hotels and all sort of lodgings
Cinge-te a fronte risonha
were suddenly full. Bars, clubs, and restaurants
duma beleza ancestral, also gained life. All in all, Funchal regained
a grinalda com que sonha a bonita e a animation. Moreover, the economy suffered
tristonha: a decisive impact on this flow of war refugees
um diadema Real ! from Gibraltar. Regarding social relations, it
(...) s a Rainha das flores is important to note the changing of habits, in
do bouquet, de Gibraltar, particular among the young girls in Funchal
e na corbelha de amores, who adapted attitudes and behaviours of the
irradiando exemplares, Gibraltarian girls and women.
tens o primeiro lugar. . . We are here to remember a singular
moment in History when Madeira Island
(Porto da Cruz, 1953: 278-279).
welcomed the war refugees. If for Madeirans and
at the beginning, it represented an opportunity
to revitalize the local economy, in the long term,
the permanent contact with this international
The arrival to Funchal of Gibraltarian girls and young community, changed habits and attitudes. As
women caused a commotion. Boys and men were
fascinated by them and many wrote poems and wrote far as Gibraltarians, Madeira acted as a sort of
notes that were published on local papers. This poem paradise where they could live safely from the
is an just an example. It is dedicated to a girl called
horrors of war. This is a remarkable moment in
Marilu. It is a hym to beauty and sensuality.
history, one that must always be remembered,

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Funchal bay

particularly in the present moment, when, once We believe these were unforgettable moments
again, Europe is facing the dilemma of war to each community.
refugees. However, and when analysing Madeiras
The arrival of war refugees from Gibraltar past regarding sociability and otherness, we are
gave Madeirans an opportunity to establish forced to conclude that, in general, Madeirans
a more direct contact with foreigners. It is are suspicious about the Other. In a first moment,
undeniable that islanders were used to the Gibraltarians were indeed intruders, someone
presence of British tourists and residents since entirely unknown who, unexpectedly arrived and
the 17th century. This group was no different, occupied Madeirans territory. In the beginning,
and this explains how they were so well received fear and suspicion dominated. Madeirans
at the harbour by the local population. On their panicked to be robbed, dreading to lose
part, the newcomers felt blessed to be in a safe their identity, their dear pieces of land (poios),
place. Expressing their gratitude, they tried their unique and personal world. Inevitabely,
to mix in society as best as they could. Their confrontation brings along mixed feelings and
purpose was to go back to normal life. When instability. Therefore, it is only natural that
looking carefully, one can easily conclude that Madeirans, at first, felt uncomfortable with the
this period of time was a success for both sides. presence of the Gibraltarian community.
Gibraltarians recovered security and Funchal city Being islanders, Madeirans have a particular
regained colour and animation. Also, the local sense of place. Smallness is part of the island day
economy showed signs of recovery. to day life. Suffice it to say, this feeling of having
As we see it, this is a particular case water all around either protected or limited
regarding mobility, especially if we consider that affects the character of Islanders to a significant
it occurred during war times. Being a select group degree. Naturally, the presence of others, even
of people, Gibraltarians adapted well to Funchal relatives who have eventually emigrated, causes
lifestyle. On their part, Funchal inhabitants also feelings of insecurity and uncertainty, which are
incorporated the new residents with easiness. not easy to overcome. Also and quite surprisingly,

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Madeirans have trouble in dealing with whatever their look focused mainly on the fervorous
comes from the outside, thus, generally treated Catholic traditions. This did not happen with
with suspicion and extra care. There is a general Gibraltarians. On the contrary, Madeirans
assumption that Funchal, as a port city, cane be seemed to have put their fear aside, realising
included in an intercultural frame. It is true that that benefits could emerge from this connection.
the town is permanently opened to an exterior, Besides, Gibraltarians came to replace the vacant
being, indeed a place that favours the encounter place of tourists who no longer visited Madeira.
of people and different cultures. However, this Eventually, they would put the economy back to
interaction implies a conscious involvement from an active level.
both sides. This rarely happens with tourists. We believe that Funchal city might have
Historically, Funchal harbour, although the become a privileged place in the fusion of
poor conditions, was most procured and the city cultures, of an ideal location for intercultural.
had a significant role during the period of the However, dealing with Otherness is a complex
Portuguese Expansion. First, the Portuguese, and demanding experience. Neither Madeirans
and later the British called at Funchal when nor those who visited the island really accepted
crossing the Atlantic. Great oceanic voyages, the or understood each other thoroughly. Therefore,
occupation of new territories, trade with various we are led to conclude that the matrix of
ports and markets, scientific researchers that Otherness was never presented in these
called at Madeira looking for exotic fauna and relationships. In 1940-44 when war refugees
flora species; a time in history when health and from Gibraltar arrived in Madeira the question
wealth attracted invalids and tourist to spend imposes itself: was there respect for the other?
time by the seaside, all sojourned in Funchal. If Were both Madeirans and Gibraltarians acutely
eventually Madeirans were eager to socialize and aware of the otherness dimension of their
to get in contact with other cultures and ways of relationship?
life, foreigners, on their part, were visibly more In July, Funchal local authorities welcomed
keen on relaxing and being left alone to enjoy the first group of war refugees at the harbour.
the wonders of the island. Madeirans eagerly accompanied the ceremony,
Madeira island has assumed a leading role offering a warm reception followed by an
in Atlantic history. There could be no doubt enthusiastic applause when refugees landed
about it. However, it is still difficult to trace the safely.
different dialogues that eventually emerged Testimonies from Gibraltarians who have
from the intercourse with visitors and temporary lived on Madeira, draw us to the conclusion
residents. Tradition says that Madeira has always that there was mutual acceptance. Rapidly,
welcomed many people: merchants, sailors, distance was overcome, and public places were
soldiers, scientist, invalids. Each of them, coming commonly shared. According to a local paper,
from distinctive origins has brought along Dirio de Notcias the same ocean of blue, a
different cultural patterns. They have observed matching fantastic blue sky, a similar soul and a
the island and its inhabitants. They have made same warm affection that so well characterizes
their own interpretations. In the case of the the southern populations. They had been living
visitors who came from Europe, most of the here for a couple of weeks, and nobody seemed
them have carried along a euro-centric attitude to notice them anymore, taking care of their own
towards local people and local habits inevitably lives as if being already part of the city. ( Dirio
assuming a matrix of the modern/civilized man. de Notcias, 24-8-1940, n 19928)
In the particular case of the British visitors, and
because they had a different religious belief, On the following day, a significant group

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Imagem: http://aterrememportugal.blogspot.pt/2012/12/guerra-levou-gibraltinos-para-madeira.html

addressed the headquarters of the regional frequently collaborated in theater plays. Mr.
paper and showed their appreciation publically. Thomas Picardo offered his stamp collection to
From that day onwards, Gibraltarians felt part be sold at an auction. The money was contributed
of society in Funchal and even started to write to charity to the Poors assistance.
daily chronicles on local press. On October 24, Being aware of the difficulties felt by most of
1940, two babies were born, the first to be born the population and avoiding to become a burden
on Madeira Island. to Madeirans, Gibraltarians devoted their time
The ladies also started to get involved in to help the poorest population and gained the
society. Many founded clubs and benevolent sympathy of local people. Mrs. Mackintosh
organizations: Sefton Sporting Club, Gibraltar offered the Civil Governor a check amounting
Women Guild organized by Laddy Liddel, to 4.950$00 to be used by Social Care. Another
Womens Relief Work Organization and lady, who preferred to maintain anonymity
Gibraltar Union. Also, a school was established: offered 100$00 to help a couple who lived in S.
The British School for Gibraltar Children. It was Martinho. They had lost their children and their
located at Arrifes, and it had a school bus to house due to a severe fire.
transport students. These examples illustrate how Gibraltarians
As time passed by, Gibraltarians got more felt about local population thus evidence to the
and more involved in society. Drio Flores benefactor character. On their part, Madeirans

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

always treated the Gibraltarian community with A lot of British ships also sailed to Gibraltar,
respect, and this explains the mutual feeling of but first, stopped at Funchal. This circuit implied
gratitude. trade relations. In 1790, 1792, 1835 and 1843
On May 26, 1944, there was a goodbye there are records of wine shipments. In the 19th
party at the Municipal Garden. A hymn entitled century, Madeira and Gibraltar often acted as
Gratitude composed by Mr. Cabv was presented smuggling centers. Most of the tobacco and rum
to the public for the very first time. The City that was in the hands of British merchants were
Hall in Funchal offered plants that were later operated via Gibraltar.
deposited in gardens in Gibraltar. Also, the circulation of people between the
two places was common and during moments of
instability, as it happened in the 19th century, a
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MADEIRA few Madeirans seek refuge in Gibraltar, using the
AND GIBRALTAR British vessels to travel. It was the case of many
Madeirans who during the Liberal Revolution
It is common to think that the relationship occurred in 1821 asked for exile either in
between Madeira and Gibraltar occurred only England or Gibraltar, hence taking advantage of
during 1940-1944. It is not true although we the maritime routes and connections.
cannot deny that this war period is undoubtedly
of primary importance and had an enormous However, it was in the 20th century that
impact on society. the link between Madeira and Gibraltar grew
stronger. In 1908, there was an active trade
In reality, the connection between the two done by Jews who lived in Gibraltar. They were
communities is much older, and documentation known as Morocco Jews. We believe that
has shown how Gibraltar is part of Madeira history the number of Jews who have settled down in
since early times. Trade links to the Morocco Funchal during the same period of time also had
Coast help to explain this liaison. Furthermore, connections with merchants in Gibraltar. There
and once the Rock was occupied by the British is still the ruins of a Jew Cemetery in Funchal. It
back in 1704, the relationship grew more intense. was constructed in 1851, and during the period
Gibraltar and Funchal are part of a strategy which when Gibraltar war refugees lived in Funchal, it
aimed to secure the British presence in the regained importance. From the nine people who
Atlantic space as well as to protect circulation were buried in this cemetery, four were later
along the Mediterranean. In consequence and transferred to Gibraltar. Note that among the
when talking about the relationship of Funchal Gibraltarians who came to Madeira, 200 were
and Gibraltar we ought to take into consideration Jews.
these ancient connections as well as the period
when war refugees settled down in Funchal.
Since the 17th century, and in the following MEMORIES AND LIFE STORIES. 1940-1944
century, the British gained a relative position There are documents, newspaper articles,
both in trade and pirating. This type of activity books, publications and even oral reports related
helps to explain their interest on the Strait, which to the years spent at Madeira.
they achieved controlled in 1709. Note that
Madeira was a keystone in the colonial routes,
and in fact, Funchal harbour assumed itself as a
determinant port of call. Every British ship would
call at Funchal for safety reasons and to refresh
the supply of water and food.

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

FUNCHAL CITY IN the 1930s- 1940s
Authorities in Funchal were forced to take
care of the streets and buildings due to the
extraordinary traffic of tourists. First, the main
roads were paved, and later, public places were
also embellished. Near the pier, in Funchal,
there were three main Squares: Praa da Rainha,
located in front of S. Loureo Fortress, Praa
da Constituio and Praa Acadmica, situated
at Almirante Reis. Also, there were cafs,
restaurants, shops, and bazaars.
According to a roadmap dated from 1910,
most of the cafs, restaurants and shops were
concentrated near the Aljube Street, Praa da
Construio and Praa da Ranha. The entrance
to the city offered several places to sit down and
have a something to drink: Caf do Rio, Monaco,
Golden Gate and Central Restaurant. All of these
welcomed passengers as soon as they set foot
on the harbour.
The Golden Gate Cafe was the most famous.
The Portuguese writer Ferreira de Castro
nicknamed the cafs as the corner of the
world. He believed that corner of Funchal city
was one of the concurrent cosmopolitan places
in the world at the beginning of the century.
Many people who were travelling either to
Africa or to America would call at Madeira, and
eventually would sit down at Golden Gate. In
reality, every day, men and women from so many
different parts of the world mingled there. News
circulated as well as gossip. On their part, local
people tried to sell wicker baskets, wine bottles,
and Madeira elegant embroidery.
In addition to the bustling of the city that
grew more intense whenever a boat was coming
in, there were meetings, dancings and socializing
in Clubs and associations. However, these were
private, and entry was therefore controlled.
There were also theater plays, shows, concerts
and a lot of dancing. In reality, music and in
particular, concerts were hugely popular in
Madeira and both the Casino and other hotels

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

offered memorable shows. language was already well-known. These

In the first quarter of the 20th century and temporary residents were eager to get involved
during the two following decades, Funchal was a in society. Eventually, they seemed to be different
lively and cosmopolitan city.[1] This atmosphere from the British community that already lived in
was only interrupted by the World Wars. In Funchal.
1924, Raul Brando visited the islands and wrote In the 18th century, Madeira Island
about Funchal. There was a generalized idea reinforced its position inside the Atlantic much
that Funchal was dominated by the British and because English vessels stopped at Funchal
in fact, British vessels called on a regular basis. on a regular basis. This was part of a colonial
He commented: This island is just a scenario, strategy, and although the island was never
nothing more than that () there is a total despise a British colony, it was a keystone during this
for anything that is not English. Signs in English, period. It served both as a port of call, and it
Menus in English and everything prepared to also supplied wine that was consumed on board
attract them. () Sit at Golden Gate, I listen to the and also taken to the East and Western colonies.
sound of the vessel, and I already imagine what Frequently, the British Navy passed by Funchal
is going to happen next: the stage setting is put and was welcomed by local authorities. It is no
on. It is a kind of magic. Men in straw hats come surprise that this atmosphere was favourable to
and start selling embroidery, fake coral neckless, the welcoming of the Gibraltarian war refugees.
fruits, and suddenly the shops come alive, and a However, Funchal lifestyle was much different
parade follows: black women from Cape Verde from the daily life in the countryside of the island.
with red colours covering their heads, massive The contrast was sharp. At that time, maize was
women, huge Germans, pale Portuguese who still the main course at the country-side table.
returned from the colonies, old ugly English Maize was used in several ways. The grain was
ladies who dont know where they are going to, turned into flour and then it was cooked. It was
strange characters driving joyfully and passing even used as food for animals.
by endlessly in the single street where there is Worldwide conflicts ended up by decreasing
a decent caf. But in an hour, this show ends. the flow of tourists in Madeira. During the 18th
Life goes back to normal. Silence and isolation century, the port of Funchal was determinant
overrule. Lights are put off, shops closed down when crossing the Atlantic and soon the city
and quietness triumphs. This goes on and on acquired a reputation as a resort for invalids.
every time, a vessel comes in. (BRANDO, sd. 86) First, the Britsh and then the German procured
In July 1940 when war refugees from Madeira as a health retreat. Although many
Gibraltar arrived in Funchal, this is exactly what went away as soon as the war began, the British
they found. The only difference between them decided to stay and continued as agents and
and the other tourist was that they staying businessmen. British tourists kept coming to the
would be more prolonged. As a consequence, island, also. There is no doubt that local economy
they would have more time to get involved and suffered a severe crisis and hotels were almost
appreciate the island lifestyle. empty. This explains why Joo Abel de Freitas,
Gibraltarians arrived in Funchal looking for President of the General Board, did not hesitate
a safe place to live. They were running away to accept Gibraltar War refugees.
from war. Being in Madeira was a bless. They felt
grateful. If the beginning they were unfamiliar
with the people and the place, soon they gain
familiarity. After all, the British and the English

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

MADEIRA ISLAND DURING WORLD WAR II and rations were dependent on the volume
of imports and stock capacity. Still, awkward
On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded moments occurred. In 1941 and 43 there was no
Polen and hence, the Second World War started. stock and people were forced to eat cereals that
Portugal maintained a neutral position although were destined to birds. In 1949 and at the end
the country felt the side effects of the conflict. of the war, imports recovered their level, and
Madeira Island, due to its geographical location, restrictions measures ended.
was the Portuguese region where these effects
were most felt. War harmed navigation severely It is possible to say that the 40s began
and as a consequence, tourism, which was one of shrouded in sadness and fear. The local economy
the major activities, dropped, and so did income. was in total decay. Poverty had increased beyond
It is possible to say that there were times when measure. Mendicity was higher and most of the
no British vessel dares to call at Funchal. The times, people who were seen walking around
population was desperate. Famine was strongly the city would be jailed to avoid disturbances.
felt. People were desperate for peace. Also, the island
suffered several storms. In 1939, for instance,
During war time, authorities in Madeira there was severe damage, especially in the
tried hard to guarantee maize supply, thus taking country-side. Calculations to restore normality
measures such as compulsory stocking and price appointed to a cost of 7000 contos. The only
control. Furthermore, the supply was rationed, solution was to emigrate. In fact, both the press
and shops were under strict control to avoid and politicians insisted that this was the only
speculation. Madeira Island consumed more way out of the crisis.
than one thousand tons of maize per month,

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.
Font: http://aterrememportugal.blogspot.pt/2012/12/
guerra-levou-gibraltinos-para-madeira.html
War harmed directly relevant markets such
as the embroidery ones in Europe and Pacific,
hence granting an opportunity to Madeira
embroidery to prosper. However, the effects were
devastating. In August 1939, the situation was
chaotic as it was referred to by the Civil Governor,
Jos Nosolini. Measures were approved to
protect Madeira product. Taxes were reduced in
raw materials. Back in 1936 Madeira exported to
England, USA, Austalia, Canada, France, South
Africa, Brazil, Germany, Belgium, Holand, Peru,
Malta, Norway, and Singapore.
The pressure of war was terrible. Measures
had failed, and the sole consolation was religion.
At this period, the church and the priest were
the only salvation and devotion increased.
Population organized several pilgrimages to
Terreiro da Luta. In 1946, the population in S.
Vicente grouped and decided to support the
construction of a chapel at Pico da, Cova. It was
named after Our Lady of Fatima. The war was
over. It was time to celebrate.
MADEIRA ISLAND AT THE DATE OF THE
ARRIVAL OF GIBRALTARIANS
Authorities in Madeira promoted emigration
to Brazil believing it was the best solution to the
crisis. Unexpectantly, another solution came
into view. The chance of receiving war refugees
from Gibraltar was very welcomed. It signified
a possibility to recover the local economy. As a
consequence, the ties between Gibraltar and
Madeira were reinforced. We have not found
accurate figures about the number of people that
came to the island, but according to local papers,
in July 1940 the first group of 734 British subjects
arrived in Funchal. In August around 1248 joined
them. Gibraltarians stayed in Madeira until May
1944.
The post-war stage was still a difficult period,
and Madeira continued to reinforce tourism. As
soon as the conflict was over, hotel managers and
businessmen went back to action and believed
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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

Fonte: http://madeiratraveller.blogspot.com

the future would bring good times. They had faith and women accompanied their husbands, fiencs
on Madeiras reputation. The island had gained or male friends. They were seen everywhere in
a name as a winter resort. The same type of the city. Sit at the cafes and restaurants, talking
tourists preferred the island, mostly Europeans. and acting freely. Besides, they knew how to
Back in 1938, Funchal was bustling with visitors, dress, following the newest tips on makeup and
and the city offered various attractions. In the hair style. They were attractive. They caught the
summer of 1940, with the arrival of Gibraltarians, attention of both women and men in Funchal.
Funchal regained vitality. This community had an Rapidly, their fashion was copied out by local
enormous impact on society, in particular among girls and even some dare to start attending
the young generation who were thrilled by the places that were forbidden before, like cafs and
fashion and character of the Gibraltarian girls dancing clubs.
and women. It is important to note that Madeirans were
In Madeira, a female dressed and behaved in long accustomed to the presence of British
a more traditional manner. In general, girls were subjects. However, the British community
strongly supervised by parents or males in the residing on the island was reserved and tended
family and were not allowed to go out freely. In to socialize indoors with equal partners. It was
fact, they were not to be seen outside the house very rare to invite Portuguese to join them. In
environment. On the contrary, Gibraltarian girls the case of the Gibraltarian community things

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 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

happened differently. They preferred to socialize women.

in the streets and hence mingled with local As we see it, this is a particular case
people freely. It was an entirely different type regarding mobility, especially if we consider that
of social intercourse. And Madeirans enjoyed it it occurred during war times. Being a select group
a lot. of people, Gibraltarians adapted well to Funchal
lifestyle. On their part, Funchal inhabitants also
BRING BACK MEMORIES incorporated the new residents with easiness.
We believe these were unforgettable
It was very rare to invite Portuguese to join moments to each community. Surely, the ties
them. In the case of the Gibraltarian community between Gibraltar and Madeira were reinforced.
things happened differently. They preferred to It is this friendship that we are here to celebrate.
socialize in the streets and hence mingled with
local people freely. It was an entirely different In the first quarter of the 20th century and
type of social intercourse. And Madeirans during the two following decades, Funchal was a
enjoyed it a lot. lively and cosmopolitan city where tourist arrived
to Funchal on a daily basis. In July 1940 when
On their part, the newcomers felt blessed war refugees from Gibraltar arrived in Funchal,
to be in a safe place. Expressing their gratitude, this is exactly what they found.
they tried to mix in society as best as they could.
Their purpose was to go back to normal life, and The only difference between them and the
especially to provide children comfort and a other tourist was that they staying would be
routine as similar as possible to Gibraltar. When more prolonged. As a consequence, they would
looking carefully, one can easily conclude that have more time to get involved and appreciate
this period of time was a success for both sides. the island lifestyle.
Gibraltarians recovered security and Funchal Gibraltarians arrived in Funchal looking for a
city regained colour and animation. Also, the safe place to live. They were running away from
local economy showed signs of recovery. Ships war. Being in Madeira was like a bless. They felt
arrived in Funchal carrying families who had grateful. If the beginning they were unacquainted
escaped from war. Hotels and all sort of lodgings with the people and the place, soon they gain
were suddenly full. Bars, clubs, and restaurants familiarity.
also gained life. All in all, Funchal regained The language was not a difficulty because
animation. all in all almost everyone in Madeira could speak
It is common to insist on the economic English and so communication was guaranteed.
role of the presence of war refugees in Funchal. We have seen how temporary residents were
However, we believe that the biggest impact was eager to get involved in society.
social because the contact with Gibraltarians Eventually, they seemed to be different
ended up by influencing the way of life in the from the British community that already lived
capital city of Madeira, and in particular among in Funchal. On their part, Madeirans seemed to
women and young girls. Moreover, the economy have put their fear aside, perhaps realizing that
suffered a decisive impact on this flow of war benefits could emerge from this connection.
refugees from Gibraltar. Besides, Gibraltarians came to replace the vacant
Regarding social relations, it is important to place of tourists who no longer visited Madeira.
note the changing of habits, in particular among Their coming could mean putting the
the young girls in Funchal who adapted attitudes economy back to an active level. Consequently,
and behaviours of the Gibraltarian girls and they were received with open arms. In fact,

CADERNOS DE DIVULGAO DO CEHA 14

From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

CADERNOS DE DIVULGAO DO CEHA 15

 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

documentation and newspapers, in particular, between Gibraltar and Madeira, and at the
help us to draw a sketch of those early days. same time, two monuments were inaugurated
As we have said before, Madeirans were to celebrate this friendship. During four years,
long accustomed to the presence of visitors Gibraltarians lived in Funchal. After that, they
and especially to British subjects. However, the went back home safely. Some, stayed behind
British community residing on the island was because they had married to Madeirans. In these
reserved and tended to socialize indoors with particular cases, ties grew stronger naturally.
equal partners. The memories of those days cannot be erased.
They are part of both communities. They have
The long-lasting connection between become a common heritage. They are part of the
Madeira and Gibraltar cannot be denied. History same tale, a happy ever after one.
has already proved how strong this relationship
has been throughout times. However, it was The memories of those days cannot be
during 1940-44 that these ties grew stronger. The erased. The staying of Gibraltarians in Funchal
staying of Gibraltarians in Funchal during World during World War II was most significant to both
War II was most significant to both communities. communities. They have become a common
On Madeira side, it was an opportunity to heritage. They are part of the same tale, a happy
revitalize trade and business. For Gibraltarians, ever after one.
it was the relief of finding a safe place to live. It
was no surprise in 1947, a submarine cable was
launched to connect the ports in Funchal and in
Gibraltar.
On May 2009, a protocol was signed

CADERNOS DE DIVULGAO DO CEHA 16

 From Gibraltar to Madeira. 1940-1944. A happy-ever after [refugee] tale.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: JANES, Emanuel, 2001, Reflexos da 2.

BOND, Peter (2003). The Third Century 1904-
2004. 300 Years of British Gibraltar, 1704-
2004. Gibraltar: Peter-Tan Publishing Co.;
BRANDO, Raul, As Ilhas Desconhecidas:
not e passages. Lisboa: Perspectives &
Realidades, s/d.
CAIRES, Raul, MEMRIAS VIVAS DA II GUERRA.
Memrias vivas da II Guerra : da Madeira
de 1940, as Gibraltars no tm dvida: era
lindssima, In Notcias da Madeira, 18 de
Novembro 2000. - Funchal, p. 15 an 18;
CALDEIRA.Abel Marques, O Funchal no Primeiro
Quartel do sculo XX. 1900 a 1925, Funchal,
s.e. 1964;
FINLAYSON, T.J. (1990). The Fortress Came First.
The story of the civilian population of
Gibraltar during the Second World War. SANTOS, Rui. O cemiterio israelita do Funchal.
United Kingdom: Gibraltar Books Ltd;
Guerra Mundial na Madeira: A Imigrao
Gibraltina, in Imigrao e Emigrao nas
Ilhas, Funchal, CEHA, pp. 191-200;
MARQUES, H. (1994). A deusa sentada, Lisboa,
Leya;
PEREIRA, S. N. D. S. M. (2014). O impacto das
guerras mundiais no xodo dos Judeus: o
trnsito pelo Atlntico e o caso da ilha da
Madeira (Doctoral dissertation, Instituto
Superior de Cincias Sociais e Polticas);
PORTO DA CRUZ, Visconde, Notas e Comentrios
para a Histria Literria da Madeira, 3
perodo.1910-1952, Funchal, Cmara
Municipal do Funchal, 1953;
RIBEIRO, Joo, 2001, Machico. Subsdios para a
Histria do seu concelho, Machico, CMM;
Islenha, 1992, v.10: 125-164.

FRANA, Isabella de, Jornal de Uma Visita SILVA, Antnio Ribeiro Marques da, As
Madeira e a Portugal, 1853-1854, Funchal, Gibraltinas, Revista Margem 2, n 6-Junho
JGDAF, 1970; 1997, pp. 24-27, Edio da Cmara
Municipal do Funchal;
FREITAS, Joo Abel de, A Madeira na Segunda
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GARCIA, Joseph J.(1994). Gibraltar: The making 69-72.
of people; The modern political history
of Gibraltar and its people. Gibraltar: SILVA, Antnio Ribeiro Marques da, (1998), A
Mediterranean SUN Publishing Co. Ltd.; Guerra de 39-45, e o Funchal. Cinemania.
Margem, n9, pp. 35-38.
GINGELL, Joe, We Thank God and England, a
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of a wide selection of memorabilia about Madeira e os seus espaos: O testemunho
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[edited by Dennis D. Beiso].Gibraltar: J. 34-40.
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CADERNOS DE DIVULGAO DO CEHA 17

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Funchal, CEHA. Cadernos de Divulgao

Projeto Memria-Nona Ilha. n. 1.
Internet: https://app.box.com/s/wvz3m6i
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VIEIRA, Alberto, (2000) O Funchal. Os ritmos
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23.04.2016.

CADERNOS DE DIVULGAO DO CEHA 18

T
he long-lasting connection between Madeira and Gibraltar cannot be de-
nied. History has already proved how strong this relationship has been
throughout times. However, it was during 1940-44 that these ties grew
stronger. The staying of Gibraltarians in Funchal during World War II was
most significant to both communities. On Madeira side, it was an opportunity to revitalize
trade and business. For Gibraltarians, it was the relief of finding a safe place to live.

Projeto "MEMRIA - Nona ilha"

Centro Estudos de Histria do Atlntico (CEHA)

Rua das Mercs, n 8, Funchal
Tel: 291 214 970 Fax: 291 223 002
email: geral.ceha@gov-madeira.pt
pgina web: http://ceha.gov-madeira.pt/
blogues: http://memoriadasgentes.blogspot.com
http://memoriadasgentes.ml/
http://memoriadasgentes.ml/nonailha
T
he long-lasting connection between Madeira and Gibraltar cannot be de-
nied. History has already proved how strong this relationship has been
throughout times. However, it was during 1940-44 that these ties grew
stronger. The staying of Gibraltarians in Funchal during World War II was
most significant to both communities. On Madeira side, it was an opportunity to revitalize
trade and business. For Gibraltarians, it was the relief of finding a safe place to live.

Projeto "MEMRIA - Nona ilha"

Centro Estudos de Histria do Atlntico (CEHA)

Rua das Mercs, n 8, Funchal
Tel: 291 214 970 Fax: 291 223 002
email: geral.ceha@gov-madeira.pt
pgina web: http://ceha.gov-madeira.pt/
blogues: http://memoriadasgentes.blogspot.com
http://memoriadasgentes.ml/
http://memoriadasgentes.ml/nonailha